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{{short description|Irish revolutionary, army officer and doctor (1896–1987)}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2015}}
{{Use Hiberno-English|date=May 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox person
⚫
'''Brigid Lyons Thornton''' (1896 – 15 November 1987) was a member of [[Cumann na mBan]], an officer in the [[Irish Free State Army]] and a physician.<ref name="Irish times 2">{{cite news|last1=J St P C|title=(Dr) brigid lyons thornton.|url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/530687494/|accessdate=14 November 2014|publisher=Irish Times|date=29 April 1987}}</ref><ref name="John Cowell" /> Thornton was a rebellious character whom from a young age was involved in a Nationalist movement. Her first small involvement was selling badges and flags at the O'Donovan Rossa funeral.<ref name="No ordinary women" />
| name = Brigid Lyons Thornton
| image = Brigid Lyons Thornton.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Brigid Lyons Thornton {{circa}} 1922
| birth_name = Brigid Lyons
| birth_date = 13 May 1896
| birth_place = Northyard, Scramogue, near [[Strokestown]] in [[County Roscommon]], Ireland
| death_date = 15 November 1987 (91 years of age)
| death_place = [[Foxford]], [[County Mayo]], Ireland
| occupation = Doctor
|module = {{Infobox military person
|embed = yes
|embed_title = Military Service
|allegiance = {{flag|Irish Free State}}
|branch = [[National Army (Ireland)|National Army]]
|unit = [[Cumann na mBan]]
|rank = Commandant in Cumann na mBan <br/> Medical Officer in National Army
|battles = [[Easter Rising]] <br/> [[Irish Civil War]]
}}
}}

⚫
'''Brigid Lyons Thornton''' (13 May 1896 – 15 November 1987) was an Irishwoman who was a member of [[Cumann na mBan]], an officer in the [[Irish Free State Army]] and a doctor.<ref name="Irish times 2">{{cite news|last1=J St P C|title=(Dr) brigid lyons thornton.|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/530687494/|accessdate=14 November 2014|publisher=Irish Times|date=29 April 1987}}</ref><ref name="John Cowell" /> From a young age she was involved in the nationalist movement, starting with selling badges and flags at the funeral of [[Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa|O'Donovan Rossa]] in 1915.<ref name="No ordinary women" />


==Personal life==
==Personal life==
Brigid Lyons Thornton was born in Northyard Scramogue, County Roscommon in 1896. She was the daughter of farmer and Fenian Patrick Lyons.<ref name="John Cowell">{{cite book|last1=Cowell|first1=John|title=A Noontide Blazing: Brigid Lyons Thornton – Rebel, Soldier, Doctor|date=2005|publisher=Currach Press|location=Dublin|isbn= 9781856079181}}</ref>
Brigid Lyons was born in Northyard Scramogue, County Roscommon, on 13 May 1896. She was the daughter of farmer and Fenian Patrick Lyons and Margaret McGuinness.<ref name="John Cowell">{{cite book|last1=Cowell|first1=John|title=A Noontide Blazing: Brigid Lyons Thornton – Rebel, Soldier, Doctor|date=2005|publisher=Currach Press|location=Dublin|isbn= 9781856079181}}</ref> At a young age, Brigid moved to Longford to live with her uncle Frank McGuinness, later a senator,<ref name="John Cowell" /> and his wife Kate, who paid for her secondary school education. McGuinness is credited for Thornton's keen interest in politics and Irish history. Brigid Lyons was a medical student and, as a member of [[Cumman na mBan]], was involved with the Irish Volunteers during 1916. She was arrested during the Easter Rising and interned in [[Kilmainham Gaol]].
At a young age, Brigid moved to Longford to live with her uncle Frank McGuinness and his wife Kate, who paid for her secondary school education. McGuinness is credited for Thornton's keen interest in politics and Irish history. In November 1934 Frank McGuinness died, having been a senator for five years and a renowned figure for his involvement in Irish history.<ref name="John Cowell" /> Brigid Lyons Thornton was a medical student and a member of [[Cumman na mBan]] who was involved with the Irish Volunteers during 1916. She was arrested during the Easter Rising and interned in [[Kilmainham Gaol]] along with other members of the Irish Volunteers.


==Revolutionary==
==Revolutionary==
She graduated from medical school, Galway in 1922 being the youngest medical student there.<ref name="Irish Tmes">{{cite news|last1=Anonymous|first1=Anonymous|title=An irishwoman's diary|url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/309112417/|accessdate=14 November 2014|publisher=Irish times|date=10 November 2008|ref=2}}</ref> She became the only commissioned female officer ever in the new [[Irish Free State Army]]. She and Edward Thornton met when Brigid became ill with tuberculosis and was sent to Switzerland with other officers who had a similar condition. During this time Thornton learned how to treat Tuberculosis while she was a patient. This would be a significant advantage in later years. She took her diploma in public health in 1927 and then entered the public health service. She began in the public health service, County Kildare, later moving to County Cork until she finally ended up in Dublin where she worked until retirement. Brigid Thornton helped to treat many infectious diseases.<ref name="Irish times 2" />
She graduated from Galway medical school in 1922, being the youngest medical student there.<ref name="Irish Tmes">{{cite news|last1=Anonymous|first1=Anonymous|title=An irishwoman's diary|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/309112417/|accessdate=14 November 2014|publisher=Irish times|date=10 November 2008|ref=2}}</ref> She became the first commissioned female officer in the new [[Irish Free State Army]]. She and her later husband Edward Thornton met when Brigid became ill with tuberculosis and was sent to Switzerland with other officers who had a similar condition. During this time Lyons learned how to treat tuberculosis while she was a patient, which would be a significant advantage in later years. She took her postgraduate diploma in public health in 1927 and then entered the public health service in County Kildare, later moving to County Cork until she finally ended up in Dublin where she worked until retirement. Lyons helped to treat many infectious diseases.<ref name="Irish times 2" />


==Marriage==
==Marriage==
Thornton married captain Edward Thornton on 10 October 1925, in Dublin, at the Chapel of St Kevin in the Pro Cathedral. The ceremony was a quiet reunion of family and friends. Her husband returned to Switzerland to heal from TB and was later released and cured. He became a lawyer. Thornton attended the National University in 1947 and finished a postgraduate degree in Public Health. Thornton was very passionate about her work in the public health system in Ireland, she resided permanently on home ground; meanwhile her husband resided in Switzerland for most of the winter months, he worked as a lawyer and their relationship was maintained through letter writing and yearly visits form Captain Thornton to Ireland.<ref name="John Cowell" /> They are buried alongside each other in Toomore Cemetery.<ref name="No ordinary women" />
Brigid Lyons married Captain Edward Thornton on 10 October 1925, in Dublin, at the Chapel of St Kevin in the Pro Cathedral. The ceremony was a quiet reunion of family and friends. Her husband returned to Switzerland to recover from TB and was later released and cured. He became a lawyer. Brigid Thornton attended the National University in 1947 and finished a postgraduate degree in public health. She was very passionate about her work in the public health system in Ireland and she resided permanently on home soil. Meanwhile her husband resided in Switzerland for most of the winter months, working as a lawyer, and their relationship was maintained through letter writing and yearly visits to Ireland.<ref name="John Cowell" /> They are buried alongside each other in Toomore Cemetery.<ref name="No ordinary women" />


==1916 Easter Rising==
==1916 Easter Rising==
Brigid returns to Longford when she hears the news of The 1916 [[Easter Rising]]. Her uncle Joe McGuinness was serving in the Four Courts along with [[Patrick Pearse]], [[James Connolly]] and [[Michael Collins (Irish leader)|Michael Collins]].<ref name="Irish Tmes" /> Brigid decides to join with Uncle Frank and the volunteers he had gathered in Dublin for the week. Their car was believed to be rejected to enter the Four Courts and by some means the crew was able to pass the barricade, and Brigid along with Cumann na mBan provided food and took care of the wounded rebels. She acted as a nurse to the First Battalion of volunteers who had taken possession of the Four Courts and adjoining streets.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sayers|first1=Rachel|title=Brigid Lyons Thornton: Rebel, Soldier and Doctor|url=http://www.womensmuseumofireland.ie/articles/brigid-lyons-thornton|website=Women's Museum of Ireland|accessdate=25 November 2014}}</ref>
Lyons returned to Longford when she heard the news of the 1916 [[Easter Rising]]. Her uncle Joe McGuinness was serving in the Four Courts along with [[Patrick Pearse]], [[James Connolly]] and [[Michael Collins (Irish leader)|Michael Collins]].<ref name="Irish Tmes" /> She decided to join her uncle and the volunteers he had gathered in Dublin. Their car failed to enter the Four Courts but the crew was able to pass the barricade, and Brigid, along with other Cumann na mBan volunteers, provided food and nursed the wounded rebels in the first battalion who had taken possession of the Four Courts and adjoining streets.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sayers|first1=Rachel|title=Brigid Lyons Thornton: Rebel, Soldier and Doctor|url=http://www.womensmuseumofireland.ie/articles/brigid-lyons-thornton|website=Women's Museum of Ireland|accessdate=25 November 2014|archive-date=17 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117013333/http://www.womensmuseumofireland.ie/articles/brigid-lyons-thornton|url-status=dead}}</ref>
After the surrender, she was put in jail in Kilmainham with her comrades and during the imprisonment she heard that 14 of her idols were shot. After her release from the jail, she returned to continue studying medicine in Galway.
After the surrender, she was held captive in [[Kilmainham Jail]] with her comrades. During that imprisonment, she heard that fourteen of leaders of the Rising, people she admired, had been shot. After her release, she returned to continue studying medicine in Galway.


== Revolutionary activities ==
== Revolutionary activities ==
The involvement of Thornton in female activist activities in the late ninetieth century was a feat in itself as politics, religion and education were a conservative male dominated preserve. Patriotism found her involved in [[Sinn Féin]] and [[Cumann na mBan]]. Women were limited by their male counterparts in the scope of their revolutionary activities. In spite of this Thornton contributed as a rebel, soldier and commissioned medical officer. In 1917 she set up a group of Cumann na mBan in Galway. Despite her revolutionary activities as a dispatch carrier and involvement in the Easter Rising in 1916, which subsequently saw her imprisonment, Thornton qualified in 1922 at the rank of First Officer. Later she was commissioned by Michael Collins to become the first and only woman to be accepted as a female officer in the Free State Army. She was part of the medical services that formed the corps, when it was time to establish a permanent, new all Irish Medical Service in 1922.<ref>John Cowell, ''A Nootide Blazing, Brigid Lyons Thornton, Rebel, soldier, Doctor''</ref>
Lyons was involved in [[Sinn Féin]] and [[Cumann na mBan]], although women were limited by their male counterparts in the scope of their revolutionary activities.{{cn|date=May 2024}} However, Lyons contributed as a rebel, soldier and commissioned medical officer. In 1917 she set up a Cumann na mBan group in Galway. Later she became a first lieutenant in 1922 and was commissioned by Michael Collins as the first and only woman to be accepted as officer in the Free State Army when a new, permanent medical service was established.<ref>John Cowell, ''A Nootide Blazing, Brigid Lyons Thornton, Rebel, soldier, Doctor''</ref>


== Medical career ==
== Medical career ==
Thornton dedicated her life to both revolutionary activities and the medical sector; she was a practitioner, lecturer and researcher. Her involvement as a doctor was not only hospital work, but also as a volunteer. She was an avid educator of women on the importance of hygiene in the development of children and factors of disease that flourished in the impoverished slums of the inner city and surrounding suburbs. This work was marginalised by the lack of funds for a public health service to help ordinary people. Clean water was a commodity at this time and a strain of [[gastroenteritis]] was the cause of death of many babies.<ref name="John Cowell" /> In her youth Thronton had expressed the passion to be become a teacher but as women's role in society changed, society's constraints became less stringent, she could study medicine and pursue greater participation in this area. This devotion and patriotism to her country established her name in history. This involvement matched her commitment to revolution.
Thornton dedicated her life to both revolutionary activities and the medical sector; she was a practitioner, lecturer and researcher. Her involvement as a doctor was not only hospital work but that of a volunteer. She was an avid educator of women on the importance of hygiene in the development of children and factors of disease that flourished in the impoverished slums of the inner city and surrounding suburbs. This work was marginalised by the lack of funds for a public health service to help ordinary people. Clean water was a commodity at this time and a strain of [[gastroenteritis]] was the cause of death of many babies.<ref name="John Cowell" /> In her youth Thornton had expressed the passion to become a teacher, but as women's role in society changed and constraints became less stringent, she could study medicine and pursue greater participation in this area.


Lyons acquired a county scholarship to study an undergraduate degree in Medicine in University College Galway in 1917, where she graduated in 1922. She also received a Postgraduate Diploma in public health from The National University of Ireland in 1927, known as University College Dublin (UCD). In the 1950s when vaccines were developed and distributed to the general public, Thornton helped combat the [[Tuberculosis]] epidemic in Ireland and became involved in the pioneering of the BGG vaccination as she herself had been plagued by the illness alongside her husband Edward. A team of fifteen members were dispersed throughout Ireland setting out to accomplish what would become a massive feat in medical history.<ref name="John Cowell" /> She dedicated her life to working in the public sector; in a number of areas including the Kildare and Cork Boards of Health as a medical officer, and she was assistant medical officer for the Dublin Health Authority. Her other work titles included medical inspector at the Carnegie Centre in Dublin.<ref name="No ordinary women">{{cite book|last1=McCool|first1=Brigid|title=No ordinary Women|date=2003|publisher=O'Brien Press ltd|location=Dublin|isbn=0-86278-813-7|edition=1st}}<!--|accessdate=25 November 2014--></ref>
Lyons acquired a county scholarship to study an undergraduate degree in Medicine in University College Galway in 1917. She also received a postgraduate diploma in public health from the National University of Ireland in 1927. In the 1950s, when vaccines were developed and distributed to the general public, Thornton helped combat the TB epidemic through distribution of the BGG vaccination by a team of 15 people. She herself had been plagued by the illness alongside her husband.<ref name="John Cowell" /> As well as being a medical officer in Kildare and Cork, she worked for the Dublin Health Authority and was medical inspector at the Carnegie Centre in Dublin.<ref name="No ordinary women">{{cite book|last1=McCool|first1=Brigid|title=No ordinary Women|date=2003|publisher=O'Brien Press ltd|location=Dublin|isbn=0-86278-813-7|edition=1st}}<!--|accessdate=25 November 2014--></ref>


==Later life==
==Later life==
During her life, Thornton as in her youth was a passionate contributed to the welfare of the people. She was a librarian in the Rotunda Hospital, where she was an advisor to the new doctors and was always up to date on new medical practices which were necessary in an age of medical discovery. Thornton was heavily involved in the Medical Benevolent Fund.<ref name="John Cowell" /> Thornton's retirement days were spent as a researcher in Trinity College Dublin.<ref name="No ordinary women" />
She was a librarian in the Rotunda Hospital, where she was an advisor to the new doctors. Lyons was heavily involved in the Medical Benevolent Fund.<ref name="John Cowell" /> Her retirement was spent as a researcher in Trinity College Dublin.<ref name="No ordinary women" />


== Death ==
== Death ==
Thronton lived a long life, surviving her husband Captain Edward Thornton who died in 1946, the couple had no children. She had suffered ill health in her late seventies and retired, nevertheless she continued to work as a volunteer in The Rotunda Maternity Hospital.<ref name="John Cowell" /> Lyons died of cardiac-respiratory arrest, as stated on her death certificate, on 15 November 1987 at the age of 91.
Brigid Lyons lived a long life, surviving her husband Captain Edward Thornton who died in 1946. The couple had no children. She suffered ill health in her late seventies but continued to work as a volunteer in the Rotunda Maternity Hospital.<ref name="John Cowell" /> Lyons died of cardiac-respiratory arrest, as stated on her death certificate, on 15 November 1987 at the age of 91.


Thornton was buried on the 71st anniversary of the [[Easter Rising]] in Toomore Cemetery, Foxford, County Mayo.<ref name="John Cowell" /> Members of the Western Command rendered her military honours at her burial and her coffin was draped in the tricolour.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Langton|first1=James|title=Dr. Brigid Lyons-Thornton|url=http://irishvolunteers.org/2013/08/brigid-lyons-thornton/|website=Irish Volunteers|accessdate=25 November 2014}}</ref>
She was buried on the 71st anniversary of the [[Easter Rising]] in Toomore Cemetery, Foxford, County Mayo.<ref name="John Cowell" /> Members of the Western Command rendered her military honours at her burial and her coffin was draped in the tricolour.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Langton|first1=James|title=Dr. Brigid Lyons-Thornton|url=http://irishvolunteers.org/2013/08/brigid-lyons-thornton/|website=Irish Volunteers|accessdate=25 November 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129122919/http://irishvolunteers.org/2013/08/brigid-lyons-thornton/|archivedate=29 November 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|30oem}}
{{Reflist}}


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
Line 42: Line 64:
* McCoole, Sinead, ''No Ordinary Women: Irish Female Activists in the Revolutionary Years 1900–1923'' (Dublin 2003)
* McCoole, Sinead, ''No Ordinary Women: Irish Female Activists in the Revolutionary Years 1900–1923'' (Dublin 2003)
* McKillen, Beth, 'Irish Feminism and National Separatism, 1914–23', ''Eire-Ireland'' 17 (1982)
* McKillen, Beth, 'Irish Feminism and National Separatism, 1914–23', ''Eire-Ireland'' 17 (1982)

{{authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Thornton, Brigid Lyons}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Thornton, Brigid Lyons}}
[[Category:1896 births]]
[[Category:1896 births]]
[[Category:1987 deaths]]
[[Category:1987 deaths]]
[[Category:Irish medical doctors]]
[[Category:Irish public health doctors]]
[[Category:National Army (Ireland) officers]]
[[Category:National Army (Ireland) officers]]
[[Category:Irish women medical doctors]]
[[Category:Irish women medical doctors]]
[[Category:People of the Easter Rising]]
[[Category:People of the Easter Rising]]
[[Category:Cumann na mBan members]]
[[Category:Cumann na mBan members]]
[[Category:Irish military doctors]]
[[Category:Women public health doctors]]
[[Category:People from Strokestown]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from County Roscommon]]
[[Category:20th-century Irish medical doctors]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Galway]]

Latest revision as of 11:27, 29 May 2024

Brigid Lyons Thornton
Brigid Lyons Thornton c. 1922
Born
Brigid Lyons

13 May 1896
Northyard, Scramogue, near Strokestown in County Roscommon, Ireland
Died15 November 1987 (91 years of age)
Foxford, County Mayo, Ireland
OccupationDoctor
Military Service
Allegiance Irish Free State
Service / branchNational Army
RankCommandant in Cumann na mBan
Medical Officer in National Army
UnitCumann na mBan
Battles / warsEaster Rising
Irish Civil War

Brigid Lyons Thornton (13 May 1896 – 15 November 1987) was an Irishwoman who was a member of Cumann na mBan, an officer in the Irish Free State Army and a doctor.[1][2] From a young age she was involved in the nationalist movement, starting with selling badges and flags at the funeral of O'Donovan Rossa in 1915.[3]

Personal life

[edit]

Brigid Lyons was born in Northyard Scramogue, County Roscommon, on 13 May 1896. She was the daughter of farmer and Fenian Patrick Lyons and Margaret McGuinness.[2] At a young age, Brigid moved to Longford to live with her uncle Frank McGuinness, later a senator,[2] and his wife Kate, who paid for her secondary school education. McGuinness is credited for Thornton's keen interest in politics and Irish history. Brigid Lyons was a medical student and, as a member of Cumman na mBan, was involved with the Irish Volunteers during 1916. She was arrested during the Easter Rising and interned in Kilmainham Gaol.

Revolutionary

[edit]

She graduated from Galway medical school in 1922, being the youngest medical student there.[4] She became the first commissioned female officer in the new Irish Free State Army. She and her later husband Edward Thornton met when Brigid became ill with tuberculosis and was sent to Switzerland with other officers who had a similar condition. During this time Lyons learned how to treat tuberculosis while she was a patient, which would be a significant advantage in later years. She took her postgraduate diploma in public health in 1927 and then entered the public health service in County Kildare, later moving to County Cork until she finally ended up in Dublin where she worked until retirement. Lyons helped to treat many infectious diseases.[1]

Marriage

[edit]

Brigid Lyons married Captain Edward Thornton on 10 October 1925, in Dublin, at the Chapel of St Kevin in the Pro Cathedral. The ceremony was a quiet reunion of family and friends. Her husband returned to Switzerland to recover from TB and was later released and cured. He became a lawyer. Brigid Thornton attended the National University in 1947 and finished a postgraduate degree in public health. She was very passionate about her work in the public health system in Ireland and she resided permanently on home soil. Meanwhile her husband resided in Switzerland for most of the winter months, working as a lawyer, and their relationship was maintained through letter writing and yearly visits to Ireland.[2] They are buried alongside each other in Toomore Cemetery.[3]

1916 Easter Rising

[edit]

Lyons returned to Longford when she heard the news of the 1916 Easter Rising. Her uncle Joe McGuinness was serving in the Four Courts along with Patrick Pearse, James Connolly and Michael Collins.[4] She decided to join her uncle and the volunteers he had gathered in Dublin. Their car failed to enter the Four Courts but the crew was able to pass the barricade, and Brigid, along with other Cumann na mBan volunteers, provided food and nursed the wounded rebels in the first battalion who had taken possession of the Four Courts and adjoining streets.[5] After the surrender, she was held captive in Kilmainham Jail with her comrades. During that imprisonment, she heard that fourteen of leaders of the Rising, people she admired, had been shot. After her release, she returned to continue studying medicine in Galway.

Revolutionary activities

[edit]

Lyons was involved in Sinn Féin and Cumann na mBan, although women were limited by their male counterparts in the scope of their revolutionary activities.[citation needed] However, Lyons contributed as a rebel, soldier and commissioned medical officer. In 1917 she set up a Cumann na mBan group in Galway. Later she became a first lieutenant in 1922 and was commissioned by Michael Collins as the first and only woman to be accepted as officer in the Free State Army when a new, permanent medical service was established.[6]

Medical career

[edit]

Thornton dedicated her life to both revolutionary activities and the medical sector; she was a practitioner, lecturer and researcher. Her involvement as a doctor was not only hospital work but that of a volunteer. She was an avid educator of women on the importance of hygiene in the development of children and factors of disease that flourished in the impoverished slums of the inner city and surrounding suburbs. This work was marginalised by the lack of funds for a public health service to help ordinary people. Clean water was a commodity at this time and a strain of gastroenteritis was the cause of death of many babies.[2] In her youth Thornton had expressed the passion to become a teacher, but as women's role in society changed and constraints became less stringent, she could study medicine and pursue greater participation in this area.

Lyons acquired a county scholarship to study an undergraduate degree in Medicine in University College Galway in 1917. She also received a postgraduate diploma in public health from the National University of Ireland in 1927. In the 1950s, when vaccines were developed and distributed to the general public, Thornton helped combat the TB epidemic through distribution of the BGG vaccination by a team of 15 people. She herself had been plagued by the illness alongside her husband.[2] As well as being a medical officer in Kildare and Cork, she worked for the Dublin Health Authority and was medical inspector at the Carnegie Centre in Dublin.[3]

Later life

[edit]

She was a librarian in the Rotunda Hospital, where she was an advisor to the new doctors. Lyons was heavily involved in the Medical Benevolent Fund.[2] Her retirement was spent as a researcher in Trinity College Dublin.[3]

Death

[edit]

Brigid Lyons lived a long life, surviving her husband Captain Edward Thornton who died in 1946. The couple had no children. She suffered ill health in her late seventies but continued to work as a volunteer in the Rotunda Maternity Hospital.[2] Lyons died of cardiac-respiratory arrest, as stated on her death certificate, on 15 November 1987 at the age of 91.

She was buried on the 71st anniversary of the Easter Rising in Toomore Cemetery, Foxford, County Mayo.[2] Members of the Western Command rendered her military honours at her burial and her coffin was draped in the tricolour.[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b J St P C (29 April 1987). "(Dr) brigid lyons thornton". Irish Times. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Cowell, John (2005). A Noontide Blazing: Brigid Lyons Thornton – Rebel, Soldier, Doctor. Dublin: Currach Press. ISBN 9781856079181.
  3. ^ a b c d McCool, Brigid (2003). No ordinary Women (1st ed.). Dublin: O'Brien Press ltd. ISBN 0-86278-813-7.
  4. ^ a b Anonymous, Anonymous (10 November 2008). "An irishwoman's diary". Irish times. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  5. ^ Sayers, Rachel. "Brigid Lyons Thornton: Rebel, Soldier and Doctor". Women's Museum of Ireland. Archived from the original on 17 January 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
  6. ^ John Cowell, A Nootide Blazing, Brigid Lyons Thornton, Rebel, soldier, Doctor
  7. ^ Langton, James. "Dr. Brigid Lyons-Thornton". Irish Volunteers. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 25 November 2014.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Cowell, John, A Noontide Blazing: Brigid Lyons Thornton – Rebel, Soldier, Doctor (Dublin 2005)
  • McCarthy, Cal, Cumann na mBan and the Irish Revolution (Dublin 2007)
  • Mac Curtain, M and O'Corrain, D (eds.), Women in Irish Society (Dublin 1978)
  • McCoole, Sinead, No Ordinary Women: Irish Female Activists in the Revolutionary Years 1900–1923 (Dublin 2003)
  • McKillen, Beth, 'Irish Feminism and National Separatism, 1914–23', Eire-Ireland 17 (1982)
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