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{{About|geographical Asker and the former municipality in Akershus|the four times larger administrative municipality established in 2020|Asker (municipality)}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox kommune
{{Infobox kommune
| name = Asker
|name = Asker
|former = yes
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
|native_name =
| official_name =
|native_name_lang =
|other_name =
| idnumber = 0220
| idnumber = 0220
| image_skyline = SNC10692.JPG
| image_skyline = SNC10692 (cropped).JPG
| county = Akershus
| county = Akershus
| district = Viken, Norway
| capital = Asker
| capital = Asker
| demonym = Askerbøring
| demonym = Askerbøring
| language = [[Bokmål]]
| language = [[Bokmål]]
| coatofarms = Asker_komm.svg
| coatofarms = Asker_komm.svg
| flag = none
| munwebpage = www.asker.kommune.no
| munwebpage = www.asker.kommune.no
| mayor = Lene Conradi
| mayor = Lene Conradi
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| area_land_km2 = 97
| area_land_km2 = 97
| area_water_percent = 0.03
| area_water_percent = 0.03
| population_as_of = 2014
| population_as_of = 30 September 2019
| population_rank = 11
| population_rank = 11
| population_total = 59037
| population_total = 61906 {{increase}}
| populationpercent = 1.11
| populationpercent = 1.11
| population_density_km2= 585
| population_density_km2= 585
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{{Historical populations
{{Historical populations
|footnote = '''''Source''': [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/02/02/folkendrhist_en/tables/tab/0220.html Statistics Norway].<ref>[http://statbank.ssb.no/statistikkbanken/Default_FR.asp?PXSid=0&nvl=true&PLanguage=0&tilside=selecttable/hovedtabellHjem.asp&KortnavnWeb=folkfram Projected population – Statistics Norway]</ref>
|footnote = '''''Source''': Statistics Norway.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120526193657/http://statbank.ssb.no/statistikkbanken/Default_FR.asp?PXSid=0&nvl=true&PLanguage=0&tilside=selecttable/hovedtabellHjem.asp&KortnavnWeb=folkfram Projected population – Statistics Norway]</ref>
|shading = off
|shading = off
|1951|13625
|1951|13625
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}}
}}


'''Asker''' is a [[Municipalities of Norway|municipality]] in [[Akershus]] [[Counties of Norway|county]], Norway. It is part of the [[Greater Oslo Region]]. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Asker. The municipality was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see [[formannskapsdistrikt]]).
'''Asker''' ({{langx|no|Asker}}), also called '''Asker proper''' (''Askerbygda'' or ''gamle Asker'' in Norwegian), is a district and former [[Municipalities of Norway|municipality]] in [[Akershus]], [[Norway]], located approximately 20km southwest of Oslo. From 2020 it is part of the larger administrative municipality [[Asker (municipality)|Asker]] (also known as Greater Asker<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.budstikka.no/article/53561!/|title=Nå er alt klart for "Stor-Asker" – også Ap vil sammen med Røyken og Hurum|first=Morten Gisle|last=Johnsen|date=25 May 2016|website=www.budstikka.no}}</ref>) together with the traditional [[Buskerud]] districts [[Røyken]] and [[Hurum]]; Asker constitutes the northern fourth and is part of the [[Greater Oslo Region]]. The administrative center was the town of Asker, which remains so for the new larger municipality. Asker was established as a parish in the Middle Ages and as a municipality [[Formannskapsdistrikt|on 1 January 1838]].


== Introduction ==
==History==


Since the Middle Ages, the Asker parish consisted of the later municipalities Asker and Bærum. In the 19th century, Bærum became the Vestre Bærum and Østre Bærum parish and Asker and Bærum were also established as separate municipalities.
=== Name ===
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old ''Asker'' farm, since the first church was built here. The name ([[Old Norse]]: ''Askar'') is the [[plural]] form of ''ask'' which means "[[ash tree]]".


In 2020, Asker merged with [[Røyken]] and [[Hurum]] to form [[Asker, Viken|Asker Municipality]], a larger administrative region than traditional/geographical Asker. The newly-formed Asker Municipality was made part of [[Viken (county)|Viken County]] immediately following the 2020 merge. However, Viken dissolved on 1 January 2024, returning Asker (with the addition of Røyken and Hurum) to the county of [[Akershus]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Thorsnæs |first=Geir |title=Asker |date=2024-01-04 |url=https://snl.no/Asker |work=Store norske leksikon |editor-last=Bolstad |editor-first=Erik |access-date=2024-01-09 |language=no |last2=Askheim |first2=Svein |last3=Kilhavn |first3=Håvard}}.</ref>
=== Coat-of-arms ===
The [[Coat of arms|coat-of-arms]] is from modern times. They were granted on 7 October 1975. The arms show a green background with three silver-colored tree [[trunk (botany)|trunks]] ({{lang-no|askekaller}}) and are thus [[canting arms]]. The trees are [[Fraxinus|ashes]], which were cropped every year to provide food for the animals. The trees thus developed after many years a very typical shape, which was characteristic for the area.<ref>{{cite web|author=Norske Kommunevåpen|year=1990|title=Nye kommunevåbener i Norden|url=http://www.ngw.nl/int/nor/a/asker.htm|accessdate=2008-12-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asker.kommune.no/Ditt-Asker/Askers-kommunevapen/|title=Askers kommunevåpen|publisher=Asker kommune|accessdate=2008-12-17| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090125012037/http://asker.kommune.no/Ditt-Asker/Askers-kommunevapen/| archivedate= 25 January 2009 | deadurl= no|language=no}}</ref>


== Name ==
=== Place of the Millennium ===
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old ''Asker'' farm since the first church was built here. The name ([[Old Norse]]: ''Askar'') is the [[plural]] form of ''ask'' which means "[[ash tree]]".

== Coat-of-arms ==
The [[Coat of arms|coat-of-arms]] is from modern times. They were granted on 7 October 1975. The arms show a green background with three silver-colored tree [[trunk (botany)|trunks]] ({{langx|no|askekaller}}) and are thus [[canting arms]]. The trees are [[Fraxinus|ashes]], which were cropped every year to provide food for the animals. The trees thus developed after many years a very typical shape, which was characteristic for the area.<ref>{{cite web|author=Norske Kommunevåpen|year=1990|title=Nye kommunevåbener i Norden|url=http://www.ngw.nl/int/nor/a/asker.htm|access-date=17 December 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asker.kommune.no/Ditt-Asker/Askers-kommunevapen/|title=Askers kommunevåpen|publisher=Asker kommune|access-date=17 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090125012037/http://asker.kommune.no/Ditt-Asker/Askers-kommunevapen/|archive-date=25 January 2009|url-status=dead|language=no}}</ref>

== Place of the Millennium ==
In 1998, just before the millennium, the 'Askerbøringer' (the inhabitants of Asker) elected the beautiful area of [[Semsvannet]] including the mountain ridge [[Skaugumsåsen]] – to be their [[Semsvannet|Place of the Millennium]].
In 1998, just before the millennium, the 'Askerbøringer' (the inhabitants of Asker) elected the beautiful area of [[Semsvannet]] including the mountain ridge [[Skaugumsåsen]] – to be their [[Semsvannet|Place of the Millennium]].


== Geography ==
== Geography ==
Its main parts are Asker, Gullhella, [[Vollen, Akershus|Vollen]], [[Vettre]], Blakstad, Bleiker, Borgen, Drengsrud, Dikemark, Vardåsen, Engelsrud, Holmen, [[Høn]], [[Hvalstad]], [[Billingstad]], Nesøya, Nesbru, and [[Heggedal]]. Asker is a coastal place with many beaches, but also contains hills and woods. The district is known for many important businesses. It is also known for gardening. The [[Skaugum]] estate, where [[Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway|Crown Prince Haakon of Norway]] lives with his family, is situated here. The first [[IKEA]] store outside of [[Sweden]] opened in Asker in 1963 .
Its main parts are Asker, Gullhella, [[Vollen, Akershus|Vollen]], [[Vettre]], Blakstad, Bleiker, Borgen, Drengsrud, Dikemark, Vardåsen, Engelsrud, Holmen, [[Høn]], [[Hvalstad]], [[Billingstad]], [[Nesøya, Akershus|Nesøya]], Nesbru, and [[Heggedal]]. Asker is a coastal place with many beaches, but also contains hills and woods. The district is known for many important businesses. It is also known for gardening. The [[Skaugum]] estate, where [[Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway|Crown Prince Haakon of Norway]] lives with his family, is situated here. The first [[IKEA]] store outside of [[Sweden]] opened at Slependen in Asker in 1963. There are many hiking/ sightseeing spots around Asker; such as Semsvannet lake<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.akershus.com/en/asker-baerum/asker-and-barum-for-you/Recommended-walking-and-biking-trails/?TLp=671533&Semsvannet-lake--walk#product-info1|title=Semsvannet lake – walk|website=akershus.com|access-date=24 December 2017}}</ref> and Drengsrud cultural path<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.akershus.com/en/asker-baerum/asker-and-barum-for-you/Recommended-walking-and-biking-trails/?TLp=671588&Drengsrud-cultural-path--walk|title=Drengsrud cultural path – walk|website=akershus.com|access-date=24 December 2017}}</ref> around the area.

==Municipality reform==
As part of the municipality reform process instigated by [[Minister of Local Government and Modernisation (Norway)|Minister of Local Government]] [[Jan Tore Sanner]] the municipalities of Asker, Hurum, and Røyken evaluated if they should merge into a new common municipality during the first half of 2016. A tentative agreement was reached and on 16 June 2016 the Municipal Council of [[Røyken]] approved the merger with Asker and Hurum with 24 votes for and 3 against.<ref name="Røyken Kommune sammenslåing" /> On 14 June 2016 the Municipal Council of Asker also approved the merger with 42 votes for and 5 against.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kommunestyret vedtok sammenslåing|url=https://www.asker.kommune.no/politikk/kommunereformen/aktuelt-om-kommunereformen/kommunestyret-vedtok-sammenslaing/|publisher=Asker kommune|date=14 June 2016|access-date=16 June 2016|language=no|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815201507/https://www.asker.kommune.no/politikk/kommunereformen/aktuelt-om-kommunereformen/kommunestyret-vedtok-sammenslaing/|archive-date=15 August 2016}}</ref> A few days later the Municipal Council of [[Hurum]] followed suit and approved the merger. The proposed merger date was 1 January 2020 and the new name will be Asker.<ref name="Røyken Kommune sammenslåing">{{Cite web|title=Røyken sier ja til sammenslåing|url=https://www.royken.kommune.no/Aktuell-informasjon/Royken-sier-ja-til-sammenslaing/|publisher=Røyken kommune|date=16 June 2016|access-date=16 June 2016|language=no|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821225327/https://www.royken.kommune.no/Aktuell-informasjon/Royken-sier-ja-til-sammenslaing/|archive-date=21 August 2016}}</ref> Asker was merged with the municipalities of [[Røyken Municipality|Røyken]] and [[Hurum]] as of 1 January 2020.


== Minorities ==
== Ethnic and foreign minority ==
{| style="float: center;" class="wikitable"
{| style="float: center;" class="wikitable"
|+ '''Number of minorities (1st and 2nd generation) in Asker by country of origin in 2015'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ssb.no/statistikkbanken/selectvarval/Define.asp?subjectcode=&ProductId=&MainTable=FolkInnvkatLand&nvl=&PLanguage=1&nyTmpVar=true&CMSSubjectArea=befolkning&KortNavnWeb=innvbef&StatVariant=&checked=true |title= Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, by immigration category, country background and percentages of the population|publisher=ssb.no |accessdate=29 June 2015}}</ref>
|+ '''Number of minorities (1st and 2nd generation) in Asker by country of origin in 2017'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ssb.no/statistikkbanken/selectvarval/Define.asp?subjectcode=&ProductId=&MainTable=FolkInnvkatLand&nvl=&PLanguage=1&nyTmpVar=true&CMSSubjectArea=befolkning&KortNavnWeb=innvbef&StatVariant=&checked=true |title=Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, by immigration category, country background and percentages of the population |publisher=ssb.no |access-date=25 June 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702101705/https://www.ssb.no/statistikkbanken/selectvarval/Define.asp?subjectcode=&ProductId=&MainTable=FolkInnvkatLand&nvl=&PLanguage=1&nyTmpVar=true&CMSSubjectArea=befolkning&KortNavnWeb=innvbef&StatVariant=&checked=true |archive-date=2 July 2015 }}</ref>
|-
|-
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! style="background:#efefef;"|Number
! style="background:#efefef;"|Number
|-
|-
| {{flag|Poland}}||1,811
| {{flag|Poland }}||1,870
|-
|-
| {{flag|Sweden}}||799
| {{flag|Sweden}}||846
|-
|-
| {{flag|Somalia}}||515
| {{flag|Somalia}}||562
|-
|-
| {{flag|Denmark}}||452
| {{flag|India}}||506
|-
|-
| {{flag|Pakistan}}||444
| {{flag|Pakistan}}||486
|-
|-
| {{flag|Lithuania}}||407
| {{flag|Lithuania}}||461
|-
|-
| {{flag|Iran}}||405
| {{flag|Iran}}||451
|-
|-
| {{flag|India}}||396
| {{flag|Denmark}}||435
|-
|-
| {{flag|Germany}}||364
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}||348
|-
|-
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}||346
| {{flag|Philippines}}||346
|-
|-
| {{flag|Philippines}}||318
| {{flag|Germany}}||343
|-
|-
| {{flag|Iraq}}||290
| {{flag|Iraq}}||307
|-
|-
| {{flag|Russia}}||254
| {{flag|Afghanistan}}||287
|-
|-
| {{flag|Afghanistan}}||230
| {{flag|Russia}}||267
|-
|-
| {{flag|Vietnam}}||202
| {{flag|Eritrea}}||230
|}
|}


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Although Asker is principally a rural municipality, the expansion of Oslo has resulted in its becoming an affluent suburb. Thus numerous celebrities now reside in the area. According to SSB (Statistics Norway), Asker ranks as the 2nd wealthiest municipality in Norway based on median household income.
Although Asker is principally a rural municipality, the expansion of Oslo has resulted in its becoming an affluent suburb. Thus numerous celebrities now reside in the area. According to SSB (Statistics Norway), Asker ranks as the 2nd wealthiest municipality in Norway based on median household income.


=== Sports ===
Asker is also the home of the [[Frisk Tigers]], who won the Norwegian Hockey championship in 1975, 1979, and 2002. [[Asker Skiklubb]] is the largest sports club in Norway. It has a long history dating back to 1889. Many of Asker's famous people have been successful individuals associated with the sports club.
Asker is also the home of the sports club [[IF Frisk Asker]]; the club won the Norwegian Hockey championship in 1975, 1979, 2002, and 2019. [[Asker Skiklubb]] is the largest sports club in Norway. It has a long history dating back to 1889. Many of Asker's famous people have been successful individuals associated with the sports club.


The city is the home of [[Asker svømmeklubb]]. Asker women's football club has been home to many international players including four who played in the [[2007 FIFA Women's World Cup]] in China.
The city is the home of [[Asker svømmeklubb]]. Asker women's football club has been home to many international players including four who played in the [[2007 FIFA Women's World Cup]] in China.


== Politics ==
=== Politics ===
Asker is politically dominated by the conservatives, and the mayor is Lene Conradi who is a member of the [[Conservative Party of Norway]] ''(Høyre)''.
Asker is politically dominated by the conservatives, and the mayor is [[Lene Conradi]] who represents the [[Conservative Party of Norway]] ''(Høyre)''.


== History ==
===Church===
[[File:Asker kirke 280720087946.jpg|thumb|Asker Church]]
Asker Church (''Asker Kirke'') is located not far from [[Skaugum]] in Asker. The neo-Gothic red brick church was built in 1879 based upon designs by architect [[Jacob Wilhelm Nordan]]. The church renovation in 1930 was led by the architects [[Gudolf Blakstad]] and [[Herman Munthe-Kaas]]. Architect [[Arnstein Arneberg]] was in charge of the renovation in the 1950s. The church was the sight of the wedding of [[Princess Ragnhild, Mrs. Lorentzen|Princess Ragnhild]] and [[Erling Lorentzen]] in 1953. The statue of [[Princess Märtha of Sweden|Crown Princess Märtha]] in front of the church was designed by sculptor [[Dyre Vaa]] in 1957.<ref>{{cite web|url =https://kulturminnesok.no/minne/?queryString=https://data.kulturminne.no/askeladden/lokalitet/83800|title= Asker kirke|publisher = Kulturminnesøk|access-date= 1 March 2018}}</ref>


=== The ''Maud'' ===
== ''Maud'' ==
[[File:AO7E8669.jpg|thumb|Maud at Vollen on 18 August 2018]]
In 1916 (or 1917) the ''[[Maud (ship)|Maud]]'', which had been built in local [[shipyard]]s, was launched into [[Oslofjord]]. The ship which had been constructed and built especially for [[Roald Amundsen]] and was to sail through the [[Northern Sea Route|Northeast Passage]]. After being seized by creditors in [[Seattle]], Washington, United States, she was sold to the [[Hudson's Bay Company]] as a supply vessel. After being renamed the ''Baymaud'' she sailed to [[Cambridge Bay, Nunavut|Cambridge Bay]], Nunavut, Canada where, in 1930, she sprung a leak and sank. In 1990, the ship was sold by the Hudson's Bay Company to the town with the expectation that she would be returned to Asker. Although a Cultural Properties Export permit was issued, the price tag to repair and move the ship was 230 million [[Norwegian krone|kroner]] ($43,200,000) and the permit expired.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://explorenorth.com/library/weekly/aa082799.htm|title=Underwater Treasure of Cambridge Bay|accessdate=2008-12-17| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090108173521/http://explorenorth.com/library/weekly/aa082799.htm| archivedate= 8 January 2009 | deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|work=Nunavut News/North Monday|date=20 August 2007|title=Saving the Maud}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pwnhc.learnnet.nt.ca/research/archrep/central.htm|title=Cambridge Bay at the Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre}}</ref>
{{Main|Maud (ship)}}
In 1916 (or 1917) the Arctic expedition ship ''[[Maud (ship)|Maud]]'' was built in nearby [[Vollen, Akershus|Vollen]] and launched into [[Oslofjord]]. The ship was designed and built especially for [[Roald Amundsen]] and sailed through the [[Northern Sea Route|Northeast Passage]] between 1918 and 1924. Sold to the [[Hudson's Bay Company]] as the supply vessel ''Baymaud'' she sank at [[Cambridge Bay]], [[Northwest Territories]] (now [[Nunavut]]), Canada in 1930. In 1990, the ship was sold by the Hudson's Bay Company to Asker town with the expectation that she would be returned there; however, the export permit expired due to the 230 million [[Norwegian krone|kroner]] () cost to repair and move the ship.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://explorenorth.com/library/weekly/aa082799.htm|title=Underwater Treasure of Cambridge Bay|access-date=17 December 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090108173521/http://explorenorth.com/library/weekly/aa082799.htm| archive-date= 8 January 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|work=Nunavut News/North Monday|date=20 August 2007|title=Saving the Maud}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pwnhc.learnnet.nt.ca/research/archrep/central.htm|title=Cambridge Bay at the Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809214800/http://pwnhc.learnnet.nt.ca/research/archrep/central.htm|archive-date=9 August 2007}}</ref> In 2011 a new project was commenced to salvage ''Maud'' and transport her to a new museum to be built at Vollen.<ref>[http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/stories/article/16557_norway_wants_amundsens_maud_back_from_nunavut/ Norway wants Amundsen’s Maud back from Nunavut]</ref>


On 31 July 2016 it was reported that the hull of ''Maud'' had been raised to the surface and placed on a barge in preparation for shipment to Norway.<ref>[https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/the-maud-recovered-july-30-2016-1.3702513 CBC News: The Maud floats again: Norwegians bring long-sunken ship to surface]</ref> In August 2017 ''Maud'' began the journey back to Norway; she was towed through the [[Northwest Passage]]. In September 2017 she arrived in Greenland to stay for the winter.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ship that sank in Cambridge Bay 87 years ago finally on the journey home to Norway {{!}} CBC News |date=2017-08-30 |website=[[CBC News]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206125900/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/maud-journey-home-cambridge-bay-norway-1.4266797 |archive-date=2022-12-06 |url-status=live |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/maud-journey-home-cambridge-bay-norway-1.4266797}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Cambridge Bay prepares to bid adieu to the Maud as Norwegian mayor visits community {{!}} CBC News |date=2017-08-10 |website=[[CBC News]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107172033/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/maud-to-return-to-norway-1.4242183 |archive-date=2022-01-07 |url-status=live |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/maud-to-return-to-norway-1.4242183}}</ref> ''Maud'' arrived in Bergen on 6 August 2018, finally returning to Norway nearly a century after her departure with Amundsen. She was then towed along the Norwegian coast, and arrived at Vollen on 18 August.<ref>{{cite web|title=Maud Returns to Norway |url=https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/maud-returns-to-norway#gs.qHAlf3Y|publisher=The Maritime Executive|date=6 August 2018|access-date=7 August 2018}}</ref>
== Notable residents – 'Askerbøringer' ==

{| border="0" cellpadding="2"
== Media ==
|- valign=top
=== Magazines ===
| style="width:450px;"|
*''[[Development Today]]''
* [[Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway]]

* [[Mette-Marit, Crown Princess of Norway]]
== Notable residents ==
* [[Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway]]
* [[Prince Sverre Magnus of Norway]]
[[File:Crown Prince Haakon of Norway 2012-03-26 001.jpg|140px|thumb|Crown Prince Haakon of Norway, 2012]]
=== Royalty ===
* [[Nina Fjalestad]], [[Miss Globe]] International 2011
* [[Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway]] (born 1973) the family lives in [[Skaugum]]
* [[Tryggve Andersen]] (1866–1920), writer
* [[Mette-Marit, Crown Princess of Norway]] (born 1973)
* [[Nini Roll Anker]] (1873–1942), writer
* [[Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway]] (born 2004)
* [[Dina Aschehoug]] (1861–1956), painter
* [[Prince Sverre Magnus of Norway]] (born 2005)
* [[Lauritz Askvold]], painter
=== Public service ===
* [[Harriet Backer]] (1845–1932), [[Artist|painter]]
[[File:Berit Ås.jpg|140px|thumb|Berit Ås, 2004]]
* [[Arne Bendiksen]] (1926–2009), singer and songwriter
* [[Einar Gerhardsen]] (1897 in Asker – 1987) [[Prime Minister of Norway]] 1940s to 1960s
* [[Johan Bojer]] (1872–1959), writer
* [[Dagny Berger]] (1903 in Asker – 1950) Norway's first woman aviator
* [[Erik Bye]] (1926–2004), journalist, singer, TV personality
* [[Anders Lange]] (1904 in Nordstrand – 1974), politician, founded the [[Progress Party (Norway)]]
* [[Jens Evensen]] (1917–2004), Norwegian lawyer, judge, politician, trade minister, international offshore rights expert, member of the [[International Law Commission]], judge at the [[International Court of Justice]] in [[The Hague]]
* [[Arne Skaare]] (1907-1981) politician, Mayor of Asker municipality from 1956 to 1967
* [[Pål Arne Fagernes]] (1974–2003), [[Javelin]] thrower and boxer
* [[Jens Evensen]] (1917–2004 in Asker), Norwegian lawyer, judge, politician, member of the [[International Law Commission]] and judge at the [[International Court of Justice]] in [[The Hague]]
* [[Hallvard Flatland]], TV-host
* [[Hans Christen Mamen]] (1919 in Asker – 2009) a [[Norwegian resistance movement|resistance member]], local historian and priest
* [[Arne Garborg]] (1851–1924), poet, lived there for a period
* [[Sverre Bergh]] (1920 in Asker – 2006) an engineer and spy in Nazi Germany during WWII
| style="width:400px;"|
* [[Erik Gjems-Onstad]], [[Order of the British Empire|MBE]] (1922–2011) [[Norwegian resistance movement|resistance member]] and lawyer; lived in Hvalstad
* [[Einar Gerhardsen]], prime minister in three periods, from 1945–1951, from 1955–1963 and from 1963–1965
* [[Jon Fossum]] (1923 in Hvalstad – 2007) orienteer and Mayor of Asker municipality 1968/80
* [[Erik Gjems-Onstad]], [[Order of the British Empire|MBE]] is a Norwegian [[Norwegian resistance movement|resistance member]], lawyer,
* [[Berit Ås]] (born 1928) former Asker councilor, psychologist, and feminist
* [[Halvard Hanevold]], [[Olympic Gold]] in [[Biathlon]]
* [[Jan Martin Larsen]] (born 1938) cartographer, orienteer and Asker councilor 1995 to 2007
* [[Morten Harket]], singer in [[a-ha]].
* [[Eyvind W. Wang]] (born 1942) politician, Mayor of Asker 1980 to 1995, and car mechanic
* [[Tom Hilde]], [[ski jumper]]
* [[Morten Strand]] (born 1947) politician, Mayor of Asker 1995 to 2007, and footballer
* [[Vigdis Hjorth]], author
* [[Valgerd Svarstad Haugland]] (born 1956) politician, county Governor of Oslo and Akershus 2011/18
* [[Anders Jacobsen (footballer)|Anders Jacobsen]] – professional [[association football|footballer]]
* [[Beate Gangås]] (born 1963 in Asker) LGBT Oslo Chief of Police
* [[Semsvannet|Karsten Kaspersen]], master tailor, songwriter and athlete

* [[Anders Lange]], politician (Founder of [[Progress Party (Norway)|Progress Party]] ''(FrP)'')
=== Art ===
* [[Wenche Myhre]], singer
[[File:Portrett av Nini Roll Anker OB.00598.jpg|140px|thumb|Nini Roll Anker, 1892]]
* [[Arild Nyquist]] (1938–2004), poet, painter, singer and songwriter
[[File:Vikingane- To-språklig humorsuksess - NMD 2018 (41173304804) (cropped).jpg|140px|thumb|Kåre Conradi, 2018]]
* [[Alf Prøysen]] (1914–1970), singer, songwriter and writer. Lived in the area of [[Semsvannet]] in his youth. One of the famous cultural sons of Norway.
* [[Axel Ender]] (1853 in Asker - 1920) a Norwegian [[Genre art|genre]] painter and sculptor
* [[Valgerd Svarstad Haugland]] politician, [[Christian Democratic Party (Norway)|Christian Democratic Party]]
* [[Hulda Garborg]] (1862–1934) playwright, poet and folk dancer; lived in Hvalstad from 1897
* [[Dyre Vaa]] (1903–1980), sculptor
* [[Nini Roll Anker]] (1873–1942 in Asker) writer, lived in Lillehaugen
|}
* [[Christian Hartmann (composer)|Christian Hartmann]] (1910 in Asker – 1985) a Norwegian composer
* [[Alf Prøysen]] (1914–1970), singer, songwriter, and writer; lived in [[Semsvannet]] in his youth
* [[Grete Nordrå]] (1924 in Asker – 2012) a Norwegian screen actress <ref> [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0635195/ IMDb Database] retrieved 27 February 2021 </ref>
* [[Erik Bye]] (1926–2004), journalist, singer, TV personality; lived in Hvalstad
* [[Tom Tellefsen]] (1931 in Asker – 2012) a Norwegian actor <ref> [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0854409/ IMDb Database] retrieved 27 February 2021 </ref>
* [[Arild Nyquist]] (1938–2004), poet, painter, and singer/songwriter; grew up on Røa
* [[Wenche Myhre]] (born 1947 in Kjelsås) singer <ref> [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0616927/ IMDb Database] retrieved 25 February 2021 </ref>
* [[Espen Rud]] (born 1948 in Asker) a jazz drummer, composer, and music arranger
* [[Brit Elisabeth Haagensli]] (born 1953) an actress and singer, grew up in Asker <ref> [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0351785/ IMDb Database] retrieved 26 February 2021 </ref>
* [[Jan Knudsen]] (born 1957) crime writer, who grew up in Asker
* [[Morten Harket]] (born 1959) singer in [[a-ha]], grew up in Asker
* [[Vigdis Hjorth]] (born 1959) author, lives in Asker
* [[Kåre Conradi]] (born 1972 in Asker) a Norwegian actor <ref> [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0175758/ IMDb Database] retrieved 26 February 2021 </ref>
* [[Svein Magnus Furu]] (born 1983 in Asker) jazz saxophonist, composer and music journalist
* [[Nina Fjalestad]] (born 1993 in Asker) a model, dancer, and [[Miss Globe]] International 2011
* [[Vilde Marie Zeiner]] (born 1999 in Asker) a Norwegian actress <ref> [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4935995/ IMDb Database] retrieved 27 February 2021 </ref>

=== Sport ===
[[File:Halvard Hanevold.JPG|140px|thumb|Halvard Hanevold, 2009]]
* [[Harald Østberg Amundsen]] & [[Hedda Østberg Amundsen]] (born 1998 in Asker) cross-country skiers
* [[Jan Frode Andersen]] (born 1972 in Asker) a Norwegian former tennis player
* [[Sander Berge]] (born 1998 in Asker) footballer
* [[Pål Arne Fagernes]] (1974 in Asker – 2003), [[Javelin]] thrower and boxer
* [[Johan Ferner]] (1927 in Asker – 2015) sailor, team silver medallist [[1952 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Tone Gunn Frustøl]] (born 1975 in Asker) former footballer, with 32 caps for [[Norway women's national football team|Norway women]] and Olympic medalist.
* [[Halvard Hanevold]] (1969 in Asker – 2019) [[Biathlon|biathlete]], multiple [[Olympic medal|Olympic Gold]] medallist
* [[Tom Hilde]] (born 1987 in Asker) [[ski jumper]], bronze medallist at the [[2010 Winter Olympics]]
* [[Erik Follestad Johansen]] (born 1989 in Asker) former [[ice hockey]] player
* [[Bjørne Jorgensen]], Olympic artistic gymnast
* [[Linda Medalen]] (born 1965) former footballer with 152 caps with [[Norway women's national football team|Norway women]], police officer and local councilor
* [[Harald Stenvaag]] (born 1953) rifle shooter, with two Olympic medals, runs a shop in Asker


==Twin towns – Sister cities==
==Twin towns==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Norway}}
The following cities are [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with Asker:<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Asker kommune |accessdate=2008-12-17 |url=http://www.asker.kommune.no/Ditt-Asker/Vennskapskommuner/ |title=Vennskapskommuner |language=no |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090808045116/http://www.asker.kommune.no/Ditt-Asker/Vennskapskommuner/ |archivedate=8 August 2009 }}</ref>
Asker is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Asker kommune |access-date=17 December 2008 |url=http://www.asker.kommune.no/Ditt-Asker/Vennskapskommuner/ |title=Vennskapskommuner |language=no |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090808045116/http://www.asker.kommune.no/Ditt-Asker/Vennskapskommuner/ |archive-date=8 August 2009 }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|SWE}} – [[Eslöv Municipality|Eslöv]], [[Skåne County]], Sweden
* {{flagicon|ISL}} – [[Garðabær]], [[Capital Region (Iceland)|Capital Region]], Iceland
*{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Eslöv Municipality|Eslöv]], Sweden
*{{flagicon|ISL}} [[Garðabær]], Iceland
* {{flagicon|FIN}} – [[Jakobstad]], [[Western Finland|Länsi-Suomi]], [[Finland]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Sister cities of Jakobstad|url=http://www.jakobstad.fi/index_en.html|work=jakobstad.fi|accessdate=26 April 2014}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Jakobstad]], Finland<ref>{{cite web|title=Sister cities of Jakobstad |url=http://www.jakobstad.fi/index_en.html |work=jakobstad.fi |access-date=26 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802052747/http://www.jakobstad.fi/index_en.html |archive-date=2 August 2014 }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|KOR}} – [[Mapo-gu]], [[Seoul]], South Korea
* {{flagicon|DEN}} – [[Rudersdal Municipality|Rudersdal]], [[Region Hovedstaden]], Denmark
*{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Mapo District|Mapo (Seoul)]], South Korea
* {{flagicon|FRO}} – [[Tórshavn]], [[Tórshavnar kommuna]], [[Faroe Islands]]
*{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Rudersdal Municipality|Rudersdal]], Denmark


== References ==
== References ==
Line 168: Line 212:


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{commons category|Asker}}
{{wiktionary|Asker}}
{{wiktionary|Asker}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090112101132/http://www.ssb.no:80/english/municipalities/0220 Municipal fact sheet] from [[Statistics Norway]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090112101132/http://www.ssb.no/english/municipalities/0220 Municipal fact sheet] from [[Statistics Norway]]
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|Akershus}}
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|Akershus}}
* {{Official website|http://www.asker.kommune.no/|Asker municipality's official website}} {{no icon}}
* {{Official website|http://www.asker.kommune.no/|Asker municipality's official website}} {{in lang|no}}
* [http://www.askersentrum.no / Asker sentrum]
* [http://www.askersentrum.no / Asker sentrum]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050412021328/http://www.asker.kommune.no:80/museet Asker Museum] {{no icon}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050412021328/http://www.asker.kommune.no/museet Asker Museum] {{in lang|no}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051030023547/http://www.asker.folkebibl.no:80/om_biblio/engelsk.htm Asker public library]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051030023547/http://www.asker.folkebibl.no/om_biblio/engelsk.htm Asker public library]
* [http://www.asker-skiklubb.no/ Asker skiklubb] {{no icon}}
* [http://www.asker-skiklubb.no/ Asker skiklubb] {{in lang|no}}
* [http://www.VisitAsker.no/ Visit Asker – official website and visitors guide for Asker]
* [http://www.VisitAsker.no/ Visit Asker – official website and visitors guide for Asker]
* [http://www.frisktigers.no/ Frisk Asker Tigers] {{no icon}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090705050902/http://www.frisktigers.no/ Frisk Asker Tigers] {{in lang|no}}
* [http://www.budstikka.no/ Budstikka] (local newspaper for Asker and Bærum) {{no icon}}
* [http://www.budstikka.no/ Budstikka] (local newspaper for Asker and Bærum) {{in lang|no}}
* [http://www.asker.vgs.no/ Asker videregående skole] (School for Upper Secondary Education) {{no icon}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20020203040239/http://www.asker.vgs.no/ Asker videregående skole] (School for Upper Secondary Education) {{in lang|no}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060711044059/http://www.fuakershus.no:80/velkommen.asp?open=1&avd=74 The Open University in Asker (Folkeuniversitetet)] {{no icon}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060711044059/http://www.fuakershus.no/velkommen.asp?open=1&avd=74 The Open University in Asker (Folkeuniversitetet)] {{in lang|no}}
* [http://www.asker.kirken.no/ Church of Asker] {{no icon}}
* [http://www.asker.kirken.no/ Church of Asker] {{in lang|no}}
* [http://www.askersvom.no/ Asker Svømmeklubb] {{no icon}}
* [http://www.askersvom.no/ Asker Svømmeklubb] {{in lang|no}}


{{Akershus}}
{{Akershus}}
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{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Municipalities of Akershus]]
[[Category:Villages in Akershus]]
[[Category:Asker| ]]
[[Category:Asker| ]]
[[Category:Villages in Asker]]

Latest revision as of 09:41, 22 November 2024

This article is about geographical Asker and the former municipality in Akershus. For the four times larger administrative municipality established in 2020, see Asker (municipality).

Asker Municipality
Asker kommune
Former municipality
Coat of arms of Asker Municipality
Coat of arms
Akershus within Norway
Akershus within Norway
Asker within Akershus
Asker within Akershus
Coordinates: 59°50′7″N 10°26′6″E / 59.83528°N 10.43500°E / 59.83528; 10.43500
CountryNorway
CountyAkershus
Administrative centreAsker
Government
 • Mayor (2007)Lene Conradi (H)
Area
 (upon dissolution)
 • Total
101 km2 (39 sq mi)
 • Land97 km2 (37 sq mi)
 • Rank#385 in Norway
Population
 (30 September 2019)
 • Total
61,906 Increase
 • Rank#11 in Norway
 • Density585/km2 (1,520/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
Increase +15.7%
DemonymAskerbøring[1]
Official language
[2]
 • Norwegian formBokmål
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-0220[3]
WebsiteOfficial website
Data from Statistics Norway
Historical population
YearPop.±%
195113,625—    
196117,755+30.3%
197131,702+78.6%
198135,977+13.5%
199141,903+16.5%
200149,661+18.5%
201155,284+11.3%
201459,037+6.8%
2021?63,381+7.4%
2031?69,296+9.3%
Source: Statistics Norway.[4]

Asker (Norwegian: Asker), also called Asker proper (Askerbygda or gamle Asker in Norwegian), is a district and former municipality in Akershus, Norway, located approximately 20km southwest of Oslo. From 2020 it is part of the larger administrative municipality Asker (also known as Greater Asker[5]) together with the traditional Buskerud districts Røyken and Hurum; Asker constitutes the northern fourth and is part of the Greater Oslo Region. The administrative center was the town of Asker, which remains so for the new larger municipality. Asker was established as a parish in the Middle Ages and as a municipality on 1 January 1838.

History

[edit]

Since the Middle Ages, the Asker parish consisted of the later municipalities Asker and Bærum. In the 19th century, Bærum became the Vestre Bærum and Østre Bærum parish and Asker and Bærum were also established as separate municipalities.

In 2020, Asker merged with Røyken and Hurum to form Asker Municipality, a larger administrative region than traditional/geographical Asker. The newly-formed Asker Municipality was made part of Viken County immediately following the 2020 merge. However, Viken dissolved on 1 January 2024, returning Asker (with the addition of Røyken and Hurum) to the county of Akershus.[6]

Name

[edit]

The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Asker farm since the first church was built here. The name (Old Norse: Askar) is the plural form of ask which means "ash tree".

Coat-of-arms

[edit]

The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 7 October 1975. The arms show a green background with three silver-colored tree trunks (Norwegian: askekaller) and are thus canting arms. The trees are ashes, which were cropped every year to provide food for the animals. The trees thus developed after many years a very typical shape, which was characteristic for the area.[7][8]

Place of the Millennium

[edit]

In 1998, just before the millennium, the 'Askerbøringer' (the inhabitants of Asker) elected the beautiful area of Semsvannet including the mountain ridge Skaugumsåsen – to be their Place of the Millennium.

Geography

[edit]

Its main parts are Asker, Gullhella, Vollen, Vettre, Blakstad, Bleiker, Borgen, Drengsrud, Dikemark, Vardåsen, Engelsrud, Holmen, Høn, Hvalstad, Billingstad, Nesøya, Nesbru, and Heggedal. Asker is a coastal place with many beaches, but also contains hills and woods. The district is known for many important businesses. It is also known for gardening. The Skaugum estate, where Crown Prince Haakon of Norway lives with his family, is situated here. The first IKEA store outside of Sweden opened at Slependen in Asker in 1963. There are many hiking/ sightseeing spots around Asker; such as Semsvannet lake[9] and Drengsrud cultural path[10] around the area.

Municipality reform

[edit]

As part of the municipality reform process instigated by Minister of Local Government Jan Tore Sanner the municipalities of Asker, Hurum, and Røyken evaluated if they should merge into a new common municipality during the first half of 2016. A tentative agreement was reached and on 16 June 2016 the Municipal Council of Røyken approved the merger with Asker and Hurum with 24 votes for and 3 against.[11] On 14 June 2016 the Municipal Council of Asker also approved the merger with 42 votes for and 5 against.[12] A few days later the Municipal Council of Hurum followed suit and approved the merger. The proposed merger date was 1 January 2020 and the new name will be Asker.[11] Asker was merged with the municipalities of Røyken and Hurum as of 1 January 2020.

Minorities

[edit]
Number of minorities (1st and 2nd generation) in Asker by country of origin in 2017[13]
Ancestry Number
 Poland 1,870
 Sweden 846
 Somalia 562
 India 506
 Pakistan 486
 Lithuania 461
 Iran 451
 Denmark 435
 United Kingdom 348
 Philippines 346
 Germany 343
 Iraq 307
 Afghanistan 287
 Russia 267
 Eritrea 230

Culture

[edit]

Although Asker is principally a rural municipality, the expansion of Oslo has resulted in its becoming an affluent suburb. Thus numerous celebrities now reside in the area. According to SSB (Statistics Norway), Asker ranks as the 2nd wealthiest municipality in Norway based on median household income.

Sports

[edit]

Asker is also the home of the sports club IF Frisk Asker; the club won the Norwegian Hockey championship in 1975, 1979, 2002, and 2019. Asker Skiklubb is the largest sports club in Norway. It has a long history dating back to 1889. Many of Asker's famous people have been successful individuals associated with the sports club.

The city is the home of Asker svømmeklubb. Asker women's football club has been home to many international players including four who played in the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup in China.

Politics

[edit]

Asker is politically dominated by the conservatives, and the mayor is Lene Conradi who represents the Conservative Party of Norway (Høyre).

Church

[edit]
Asker Church

Asker Church (Asker Kirke) is located not far from Skaugum in Asker. The neo-Gothic red brick church was built in 1879 based upon designs by architect Jacob Wilhelm Nordan. The church renovation in 1930 was led by the architects Gudolf Blakstad and Herman Munthe-Kaas. Architect Arnstein Arneberg was in charge of the renovation in the 1950s. The church was the sight of the wedding of Princess Ragnhild and Erling Lorentzen in 1953. The statue of Crown Princess Märtha in front of the church was designed by sculptor Dyre Vaa in 1957.[14]

Maud

[edit]
Maud at Vollen on 18 August 2018
Main article: Maud (ship)

In 1916 (or 1917) the Arctic expedition ship Maud was built in nearby Vollen and launched into Oslofjord. The ship was designed and built especially for Roald Amundsen and sailed through the Northeast Passage between 1918 and 1924. Sold to the Hudson's Bay Company as the supply vessel Baymaud she sank at Cambridge Bay, Northwest Territories (now Nunavut), Canada in 1930. In 1990, the ship was sold by the Hudson's Bay Company to Asker town with the expectation that she would be returned there; however, the export permit expired due to the 230 million kroner () cost to repair and move the ship.[15][16][17] In 2011 a new project was commenced to salvage Maud and transport her to a new museum to be built at Vollen.[18]

On 31 July 2016 it was reported that the hull of Maud had been raised to the surface and placed on a barge in preparation for shipment to Norway.[19] In August 2017 Maud began the journey back to Norway; she was towed through the Northwest Passage. In September 2017 she arrived in Greenland to stay for the winter.[20][21] Maud arrived in Bergen on 6 August 2018, finally returning to Norway nearly a century after her departure with Amundsen. She was then towed along the Norwegian coast, and arrived at Vollen on 18 August.[22]

Media

[edit]

Magazines

[edit]

Notable residents

[edit]
Crown Prince Haakon of Norway, 2012

Royalty

[edit]

Public service

[edit]
Berit Ås, 2004

Art

[edit]
Nini Roll Anker, 1892
Kåre Conradi, 2018

Sport

[edit]
Halvard Hanevold, 2009

Twin towns

[edit]
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Norway

Asker is twinned with:[29]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  2. ^ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  3. ^ Bolstad, Erik; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (26 January 2023). "Kommunenummer". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget.
  4. ^ Projected population – Statistics Norway
  5. ^ Johnsen, Morten Gisle (25 May 2016). "Nå er alt klart for "Stor-Asker" – også Ap vil sammen med Røyken og Hurum". www.budstikka.no.
  6. ^ Thorsnæs, Geir; Askheim, Svein; Kilhavn, Håvard (4 January 2024), Bolstad, Erik (ed.), "Asker", Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian), retrieved 9 January 2024.
  7. ^ Norske Kommunevåpen (1990). "Nye kommunevåbener i Norden". Retrieved 17 December 2008.
  8. ^ "Askers kommunevåpen" (in Norwegian). Asker kommune. Archived from the original on 25 January 2009. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
  9. ^ "Semsvannet lake – walk". akershus.com. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
  10. ^ "Drengsrud cultural path – walk". akershus.com. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
  11. ^ a b "Røyken sier ja til sammenslåing" (in Norwegian). Røyken kommune. 16 June 2016. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
  12. ^ "Kommunestyret vedtok sammenslåing" (in Norwegian). Asker kommune. 14 June 2016. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
  13. ^ "Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, by immigration category, country background and percentages of the population". ssb.no. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
  14. ^ "Asker kirke". Kulturminnesøk. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  15. ^ "Underwater Treasure of Cambridge Bay". Archived from the original on 8 January 2009. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
  16. ^ "Saving the Maud". Nunavut News/North Monday. 20 August 2007.
  17. ^ "Cambridge Bay at the Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre". Archived from the original on 9 August 2007.
  18. ^ Norway wants Amundsen’s Maud back from Nunavut
  19. ^ CBC News: The Maud floats again: Norwegians bring long-sunken ship to surface
  20. ^ "Ship that sank in Cambridge Bay 87 years ago finally on the journey home to Norway | CBC News". CBC News. 30 August 2017. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022.
  21. ^ "Cambridge Bay prepares to bid adieu to the Maud as Norwegian mayor visits community | CBC News". CBC News. 10 August 2017. Archived from the original on 7 January 2022.
  22. ^ "Maud Returns to Norway". The Maritime Executive. 6 August 2018. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
  23. ^ IMDb Database retrieved 27 February 2021
  24. ^ IMDb Database retrieved 27 February 2021
  25. ^ IMDb Database retrieved 25 February 2021
  26. ^ IMDb Database retrieved 26 February 2021
  27. ^ IMDb Database retrieved 26 February 2021
  28. ^ IMDb Database retrieved 27 February 2021
  29. ^ "Vennskapskommuner" (in Norwegian). Asker kommune. Archived from the original on 8 August 2009. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
  30. ^ "Sister cities of Jakobstad". jakobstad.fi. Archived from the original on 2 August 2014. Retrieved 26 April 2014.
[edit]
Look up Asker in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.


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