Kesang Choden (queen): Difference between revisions

Names
	Kesang Choden Wangchuck

Kesang Choden
Kesang Choden
The Royal Grandmother
	Kesang Choden in 1950
Queen consort of Bhutan
Tenure	30 March 1952 – 21 July 1972
Coronation	27 October 1952
Born	21 May 1930 (age 94); Bhutan House, Kalimpong, India
Spouse	Jigme Dorji Wangchuck ; (m. 1951; died 1972)
Issue	Sonam Choden Wangchuck ; Dechen Wangmo Wangchuck ; Jigme Singye Wangchuck; Pema Lhaden Wangchuck ; Kesang Wangmo Wangchuck
Names
Names
	Kesang Choden Wangchuck
House	Dorji (by birth); Wangchuck (by marriage)
Father	Gongzim Sonam Tobgye Dorji
Mother	Mayeum Choying Wangmo Dorji
Religion	Buddhism

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Ashi Kesang Choden (born 21 May 1930) is the widow of King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck.^[1] She participates in royal duties of her own accord. She is the only queen grandmother in the world. In Bhutan she is called The Royal Grandmother.^[2]

Education

She was educated at the St Joseph's Convent, Kalimpong, India, as well as the House of Citizenship, London.^{[citation needed]}

In her reminiscence, the Queen notes:

The Irish nuns of St. Joseph’s Convent were very well educated and taught us well. The nuns were most kind and loving to me and I in turn loved and respected them greatly.

Marriage and family

She married Crown Prince of Bhutan (Druk Gyalsey), Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, at the Ugyen Pelri Thang Palace, Paro, on 5 October 1951.

She became Queen consort of Bhutan in 1952 when her husband, King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, ascended to the throne upon the death of his father. In 1953 she was expecting her first child, a daughter. Her first daughter arrived earlier than she expected as she was waiting for a Western doctor and her mother to travel to Thimphu to help with the delivery. The previous Queen, Ashi Phuntsho Choden, her maid, and the Bhutanese doctor Phenchun helped to deliver her daughter.^[3]

Her children with the Third Druk Gyalpo were:

Princess (Druk Gyalsem) Sonam Choden Wangchuck (born 1953).
Princess (Druk Gyalsem) Dechen Wangmo Wangchuck (born 1954).
King (Druk Gyalpo) Jigme Singye Wangchuck (born 1955).
Princess (Druk Gyalsem) Pema Lhaden Wangchuck (born 1959).
Princess (Druk Gyalsem) Kesang Wangmo Wangchuck (born 1961).

Royal duties

In 1972, she was appointed regent when her husband was ill. She has also been a patron of annual prayers conducted for the well-being and security of the King, country, and the people. She provides subsistence allowance to about 500 monks and tshampas (lay monks) in various monasteries in Bumthang, Dokar Phurdrub Gompa and Euto Gompa in Paro, Nyala Gompa in Trongsa and Jangsa Gompa in Kalimpong, India. She also has a keen interest in preserving the unique art, architecture and cultural heritage of Bhutan and in promoting research and scholarship on the kingdom. She often visits religious places in Bhutan and India.^[1]

In commemoration of the Royal Grandmother's 87th birth anniversary, a book titled "The Heart of a Sacred Kingdom, Her Majesty the Royal Grandmother Ashi Kesang Choden Wangchuck: A Lifetime of Service to the People and Kingdom of Bhutan" was published on Sunday 21 May 2017.^[4]

Ancestry

Ancestors of Kesang Choden (queen)

16. Pala Gyeltshen

8. Sherpa Puchung, Dzongpon

17. a Lady from Tsento, Paro

4. Raja Ugyen Dorji

9. Tsherim, a Lady from Tsento, Paro

2. Raja Sonam Tobgye Dorji

1. Kesang Choden

24. Tenzing Namgyal, 6th Maharaja of Sikkim

12. Tsugphud Namgyal, 7th Maharaja of Sikkim

25. Anyo Karwang

6. Sir Thutob Namgyal, 9th Maharaja of Sikkim

13. Maharani Menchi

3. Rani Mayum Chonying Wangmo Dorji

14. Shiafe Uthok, of the Lhading House of Lhasa

7. Yeshay Dolma

References

^ ^a ^b "Octogenarian grandmother of king to visit different holy places in state". Archived from the original on 2017-11-12. Retrieved 14 September 2014.
^ "Yeewongmagazine". Archived from the original on 2021-02-26. Retrieved 2016-09-09.
^ "Her Majesty Ashi Phuntsho Choden Wangchuck: Patron Queen of Bhutan: A Legacy of Devotion and Leadership". Archived from the original on 15 September 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2014.
^ "South Asian Monitor". Archived from the original on 2017-06-29. Retrieved 2017-05-31.

Notes

^ Women in Bhutan retain their names upon marriage.

Bhutanese royalty
Kesang Choden (queen) House of Wangchuck Born: 21 May 1930
Preceded by Phuntsho Choden Pema Dechen	Queen consort of Bhutan 1952–1972	Succeeded by Dorji Wangmo Tshering Pem Tshering Yangdon Sangay Choden
Preceded by Phuntsho Choden Pema Dechen	Queen Mother of Bhutan 1972–2006	Succeeded by Dorji Wangmo Tshering Pem Tshering Yangdon Sangay Choden
Preceded by Phuntsho Choden Pema Dechen	Queen Grandmother of Bhutan 2006–present	Incumbent

[telegraphindia.com-2] "Octogenarian grandmother of king to visit different holy places in state". Archived from the original on 2017-11-12. Retrieved 14 September 2014.

[3] "Yeewongmagazine". Archived from the original on 2021-02-26. Retrieved 2016-09-09.

[4] "Her Majesty Ashi Phuntsho Choden Wangchuck: Patron Queen of Bhutan: A Legacy of Devotion and Leadership". Archived from the original on 15 September 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2014.

[5] "South Asian Monitor". Archived from the original on 2017-06-29. Retrieved 2017-05-31.

[1] Women in Bhutan retain their names upon marriage.

[fn 1]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Distinguish|Kesang Choden Wangchuck}}
-{{hatnote|Not to be confused with the other Bhutanese princesses also named Kesang Choden}}
+{{Bhutanese Name}}
 {{Infobox royalty
 | consort         = yes
 | name            = Kesang Choden
-| image           =
+| image           = Kesang Choden.jpg
-| caption         =
+| caption         = Kesang Choden in 1950
 | reign           = 30 March 1952 – 21 July 1972
-| coronation      = 27 October 1952<ref name="royalark3">[http://www.royalark.net/Bhutan/bhutan3.htm Royal Ark]</ref>
+| coronation      = 27 October 1952
-| predecessor     = [[Phuntsho Choden]]<br>[[Pema Dechen]]
+| predecessor     =
+| successor       =
-| successor       = [[Dorji Wangmo]]<br>[[Tshering Pem]]<br>[[Tshering Yangdon]]<br>[[Sangay Choden]]
-| succession      = Queen consort of [[Bhutan]]
+| succession      = [[Queen consort of Bhutan]]
-| title           = Queen Grandmother of [[Bhutan]]
+| title           = The Royal Grandmother
-| full name       = Kesang Choden Wangchuck <ref group=fn>Women in Bhutan retain their names upon marriage.</ref><!--Although she may be referred to by the surname Wangchuck, there is no official confirmation as to whether she changed her name. The case is similar for royal consorts who are known by their premarital names due to the customs of their country.-->
+| full name       = Kesang Choden Wangchuck<ref group=fn>Women in Bhutan retain their names upon marriage.</ref><!--Although she may be referred to by the surname Wangchuck, there is no official confirmation as to whether she changed her name. The case is similar for royal consorts who are known by their premarital names due to the customs of their country.-->
 | spouse          = {{marriage|[[Jigme Dorji Wangchuck]] <br>|1951|1972|end=died}}
-| issue           = [[Sonam Choden Wangchuck]] <br> [[Dechan Wangmo Wangchuck]] <br>[[Jigme Singye Wangchuck]]<br> [[Pema Lhaden Wangchuck]] <br> [[Kesang Wangmo Wangchuck]]
+| issue           = [[Sonam Choden Wangchuck]] <br> [[Dechen Wangmo Wangchuck]] <br>[[Jigme Singye Wangchuck]]<br> [[Pema Lhaden Wangchuck]] <br> [[Kesang Wangmo Wangchuck]]
 | father          = ''Gongzim'' [[Sonam Topgay Dorji|Sonam Tobgye Dorji]]
 | mother          = [[Mayeum Choying Wangmo Dorji]]
 | birth_date      = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1930|5|21}}
 | birth_place     = [[Bhutan House]], [[Kalimpong]], [[British Raj|India]]
-| death_date      =
-| death_place     =
-| place of burial =
 | religion        = [[Buddhism]]
-| house           = [[House of Wangchuck|Wangchuck]] <small>(by marriage)</small><!--As women in Bhutan keep their names upon marriage and because there is no official source such as from a official royal website, it is best not to mention a royal house.-->
+| house           = [[Dorji family|Dorji]] (by birth)<br>[[House of Wangchuck|Wangchuck]] (by marriage)<!--As women in Bhutan keep their names upon marriage and because there is no official source such as from an official royal website, it is best not to mention a royal house.-->
 }}
-{{Bhutanese Name}}
 {{Royal Family of Bhutan}}
-[[Ashi (title)|Ashi]] '''Kesang Choden''' is the Queen Grandmother of Bhutan.<ref name="telegraphindia.com">{{cite web|title=Octogenarian grandmother of king to visit different holy places in state|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1131210/jsp/bihar/story_17661980.jsp#.VBUF8qN0Ykk|accessdate=14 September 2014}}</ref> She participates in royal duties of her own accord. She is the only queen grandmother in the world. In Bhutan she is called ''The Royal Grandmother''.<ref>[http://yeewongmagazine.com/the-classic-buddhist-queen/ Yeewongmagazine]</ref>
+[[File:Maharaja of Bhutan at the International Lowcost Housing Exhibition.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Kesang Choden behind her husband, [[Jigme Dorji Wangchuck]], on 30 January 1954.]]
-==Education==
-She was educated at the St Joseph’s Convent, [[Kalimpong]], [[British Raj|India]], as well as the House of Citizenship, [[London]].<ref>[http://www.royalark.net/Bhutan/bhutan2.htm Royal Ark]</ref>
+[[Ashi (title)|Ashi]] '''Kesang Choden''' (born 21 May 1930) is the widow of King [[Jigme Dorji Wangchuck]].<ref name="telegraphindia.com">{{cite web|title=Octogenarian grandmother of king to visit different holy places in state|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1131210/jsp/bihar/story_17661980.jsp#.VBUF8qN0Ykk|access-date=14 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112025004/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1131210/jsp/bihar/story_17661980.jsp|archive-date=2017-11-12}}</ref> She participates in royal duties of her own accord. She is the only queen grandmother in the world. In Bhutan she is called ''The Royal Grandmother''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://yeewongmagazine.com/the-classic-buddhist-queen/ |title=Yeewongmagazine |access-date=2016-09-09 |archive-date=2021-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226091509/http://yeewongmagazine.com/the-classic-buddhist-queen/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-In her reminiscence, Her Majesty notes:
+==Education==
-{{Cita|The Irish nuns of St. Joseph’s Convent werevery well educated and taught us well. The nuns were most kind and loving to me and I in turn loved and respected them greatly.}}
+She was educated at the St Joseph's Convent, [[Kalimpong]], [[British Raj|India]], as well as the House of Citizenship, [[London]].{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
+In her reminiscence, the Queen notes:
-==Marriage and Family==
-She became Queen consort of Bhutan in 1952 when she her husband the king [[Jigme Dorji Wangchuck]] ascended to the throne upon the death of his father. In 1954 she was expecting her first child. Her first child arrived earlier than she expected as she was waiting for a Western doctor and her mother to travel to [[Thimphu]] to help with the delivery. The previous Queen [[Phuntsho Choden]], her maid, and the Bhutanese doctor Phenchun helped to deliver her daughter.<ref>{{cite web|title=Her Majesty Ashi Phuntsho Choden Wangchuck: Patron Queen of Bhutan: A Legacy of Devotion and Leadership |url=http://khyentsefoundation.org/2012/02/great-patrons-series-her-majesty-ashi-phuntsho-choden-wangchuck-patron-queen-of-bhutan/ |accessdate=14 September 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915003854/http://khyentsefoundation.org/2012/02/great-patrons-series-her-majesty-ashi-phuntsho-choden-wangchuck-patron-queen-of-bhutan/ |archivedate=15 September 2014 |df= }}</ref>
+{{blockquote|The Irish nuns of St. Joseph’s Convent were very well educated and taught us well. The nuns were most kind and loving to me and I in turn loved and respected them greatly.}}
-==Royal duties==
-In 1972, she was appointed [[Queen regent|regent]] when her husband was ill. Her Majesty has also been a patron of annual prayers conducted for the well-being and security of the King, country, and the people. She provides subsistence allowance to about 200 monks and tshampas (lay monks) in various monasteries in [[Bumthang District|Bumthang]], Dokar Phurdrub [[Gompa]] and Euto Gompa in [[Paro District|Paro]], Nyala Gompa in [[Trongsa District|Trongsa]] and Jangsa Gompa in [[Kalimpong]], [[India]]. She also has a keen interest in preserving the unique art, architecture and cultural heritage of Bhutan and in promoting research and scholarship on the kingdom. She often visits religious places in Bhutan and India.<ref name="telegraphindia.com"/>
+==Marriage and family==
-In commemoration of Her Majesty the Royal Grandmother’s 87th birth anniversary, a book titled “The Heart of a Sacred Kingdom, Her Majesty the Royal Grandmother Ashi Kesang Choden Wangchuck: A Lifetime of Service to the People and Kingdom of Bhutan” was launched on Sunday 21 May 2017.<ref>[http://southasianmonitor.com/2017/05/23/book-commemorate-majesty-royal-grandmothers-birth-anniversary/ South Asian Monitor]</ref>
+She married Crown Prince of Bhutan (''Druk Gyalsey''), [[Jigme Dorji Wangchuck]], at the Ugyen Pelri Thang Palace, [[Paro, Bhutan|Paro]], on 5 October 1951.
+She became Queen consort of Bhutan in 1952 when her husband, King [[Jigme Dorji Wangchuck]], ascended to the throne upon the death of his father. In 1953 she was expecting her first child, a daughter. Her first daughter arrived earlier than she expected as she was waiting for a Western doctor and her mother to travel to [[Thimphu]] to help with the delivery. The previous Queen, ''Ashi'' [[Phuntsho Choden]], her maid, and the Bhutanese doctor Phenchun helped to deliver her daughter.<ref>{{cite web|title=Her Majesty Ashi Phuntsho Choden Wangchuck: Patron Queen of Bhutan: A Legacy of Devotion and Leadership |url=http://khyentsefoundation.org/2012/02/great-patrons-series-her-majesty-ashi-phuntsho-choden-wangchuck-patron-queen-of-bhutan/ |access-date=14 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915003854/http://khyentsefoundation.org/2012/02/great-patrons-series-her-majesty-ashi-phuntsho-choden-wangchuck-patron-queen-of-bhutan/ |archive-date=15 September 2014 }}</ref>
-== Patronages ==
-* Patron of the Bhutan Foundation.
-* Honorary Vice-President of the Siam Society (Bangkok).
+Her children with the Third [[Druk Gyalpo]] were:
-==Titles, styles, and honours==
+* Princess (Druk Gyalsem) Sonam Choden Wangchuck (born 1953).
-===Titles and styles===
+* Princess (Druk Gyalsem) Dechen Wangmo Wangchuck (born 1954).
-* '''21 May 1930 - 5 October 1951:''' ''Ashi'' Kesang Choden.
+* King (Druk Gyalpo) [[Jigme Singye Wangchuck]] (born 1955).
-* '''5 October 1951 - 30 March 1952:''' ''Her Royal Highness'' ''[[Ashi (title)|Ashi]]'' Kesang Choden Wangchuck.
+* Princess (Druk Gyalsem) Pema Lhaden Wangchuck (born 1959).
-* '''30 March 1952 - 21 July 1972:''' ''Her Majesty'' The Queen of Bhutan.
+* Princess (Druk Gyalsem) Kesang Wangmo Wangchuck (born 1961).
-* '''22 Apr 1972 - 21 July 1972:''' ''Her Majesty'' The Queen Regent of Bhutan.
-* '''21 July 1972 - 9 December 2006:''' ''Her Majesty'' The Queen Mother of Bhutan.
+==Royal duties==
-* '''9 December 2006 – present:''' ''Her Majesty'' The Queen Grandmother of Bhutan.
+In 1972, she was appointed [[Queen regent|regent]] when her husband was ill. She has also been a patron of annual prayers conducted for the well-being and security of the King, country, and the people. She provides subsistence allowance to about 500 monks and tshampas (lay monks) in various monasteries in [[Bumthang District|Bumthang]], Dokar Phurdrub [[Gompa]] and Euto Gompa in [[Paro District|Paro]], Nyala Gompa in [[Trongsa District|Trongsa]] and Jangsa Gompa in [[Kalimpong]], India. She also has a keen interest in preserving the unique art, architecture and cultural heritage of Bhutan and in promoting research and scholarship on the kingdom. She often visits religious places in Bhutan and India.<ref name="telegraphindia.com"/>
+In commemoration of the Royal Grandmother's 87th birth anniversary, a book titled "The Heart of a Sacred Kingdom, Her Majesty the Royal Grandmother Ashi Kesang Choden Wangchuck: A Lifetime of Service to the People and Kingdom of Bhutan" was published on Sunday 21 May 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://southasianmonitor.com/2017/05/23/book-commemorate-majesty-royal-grandmothers-birth-anniversary/ |title=South Asian Monitor |access-date=2017-05-31 |archive-date=2017-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629204723/http://southasianmonitor.com/2017/05/23/book-commemorate-majesty-royal-grandmothers-birth-anniversary/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-===Honours===
-* {{Flag|Bhutan}} :
-** [[File:King Jigme Singye Investiture Medal 1974.gif|50px]] King Jigme Singye Investiture Medal (2 June 1974).<ref name="royalark3"/>
-** [[File:Commemorative Silver Jubilee Medal of His Majesty The King (02061999).png|50px]] Commemorative Silver Jubilee Medal of King Jigme Singye (2 June 1999).<ref name="royalark3"/>
-** [[File:King Jigme Khesar Investiture Medal 2008.gif|50px]] King Jigme Khesar Investiture Medal (6 November 2008).<ref name="royalark3"/>
-** [[File:BHT Order of the Dragon King Ribbon.svg|50px]] [[Order of the Dragon King]] (''Druk Gyalpo''), First Class (16 November 2008).<ref>[http://bhutantodays.blogspot.com.es/2008/11/bhutan-his-majesty-confers-order-of.html Bhutan Todays]</ref><ref name="royalark3"/>
 ==Ancestry==
-{{ahnentafel top|width=100%}}
+{{ahnentafel
+|collapsed=yes |align=center
-{{ahnentafel-compact5
-|style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; background-color: transparent; margin:auto;
-|border=1
-|boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;
 |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
 |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
@@ Line 107: / Line 93: @@
 |31=
 }}
-{{ahnentafel bottom}}
 ==References==
 {{reflist}}
 == Notes ==
 {{reflist|group=fn}}
@@ Line 117: / Line 103: @@
 {{s-hou|[[House of Wangchuck]]||21 May 1930||}}
 {{s-roy|bt}}
-{{S-bef|before=[[Phuntsho Choden]]}}
+{{S-bef|before=[[Phuntsho Choden]]<br>[[Pema Dechen]]}}
+{{S-ttl|title=[[Druk Gyaltsuen|Queen consort of Bhutan]]|years=1952–1972}}
+{{s-aft|after=[[Dorji Wangmo]]<br>[[Tshering Pem]]<br>[[Tshering Yangdon]]<br>[[Sangay Choden]]}}
+{{S-bef|before=[[Phuntsho Choden]]<br>[[Pema Dechen]]}}
+{{S-ttl|title=Queen Mother of Bhutan|years=1972–2006}}
+{{s-aft|after=[[Dorji Wangmo]]<br>[[Tshering Pem]]<br>[[Tshering Yangdon]]<br>[[Sangay Choden]]}}
+{{S-bef|before=[[Phuntsho Choden]]<br>[[Pema Dechen]]}}
 {{S-ttl|title=Queen Grandmother of Bhutan|years=2006–present}}
 {{s-inc}}
+{{s-end}}
+{{authority control}}
-{{DEFAULTSORT:Choden, Kesang}}
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Kesang Choden}}
 [[Category:1930 births]]
 [[Category:Living people]]
-[[Category:Bhutanese people stubs]]
-[[Category:Bhutanese monarchy]]
-[[Category:Asian royalty stubs]]
 [[Category:Dorji family]]
+[[Category:Wangchuck dynasty]]
+[[Category:Bhutanese queen mothers]]
+[[Category:Bhutanese royal consorts]]

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