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{{Short description|Jewish cemetery in Jerusalem}} |
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{{Infobox mountain |
{{Infobox mountain |
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| name = Har HaMenuchot |
| name = Har HaMenuchot |
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| other_name = {{Hebrew|הר המנוחות}} |
| other_name = {{Script/Hebrew|הר המנוחות}} |
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| photo = |
| photo = HarHamenuchotFromGivhatShaul.JPG |
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| photo_caption = |
| photo_caption = |
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| elevation_m = 750 |
| elevation_m = 750 |
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| elevation_ref = |
| elevation_ref = |
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| location = [[Jerusalem]] |
| location = [[Jerusalem]] |
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| map = |
| map = |
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| map_alt = |
| map_alt = |
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| map_caption = |
| map_caption = |
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| map_size = |
| map_size = |
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| coordinates = {{coord|31|47|53 |
| coordinates = {{coord|31|47|53|N|35|10|40|E|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |
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| range = [[Judean Mountains|Judean]] |
| range = [[Judean Mountains|Judean]] |
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| topo = |
| topo = |
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| type = |
| type = |
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| first_ascent = |
| first_ascent = |
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| easiest_route = |
| easiest_route = |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Infobox cemetery |
{{Infobox cemetery |
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| name = Har HaMenuchot |
| name = Har HaMenuchot |
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| image = |
| image =PikiWiki Israel 36298 Architechture and Texture.JPG |
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| imagesize = 250px |
| imagesize = 250px |
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| caption = |
| caption = |
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| map_type = |
| map_type = |
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| map_size = |
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| map_caption = |
| map_caption = |
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| established = 1951 |
| established = 1951 |
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| country = |
| country = |
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| location = [[Jerusalem]] |
| location = [[Jerusalem]] |
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| coordinates = |
| coordinates = |
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| type = |
| type = |
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| style = |
| style = |
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| owner = |
| owner = |
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| size = {{convert|580|dunam}}<ref name=Eran/> |
| size = {{convert|580|dunam}}<ref name=Eran/> |
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| graves = over 150,000<ref name=Eran/> |
| graves = over 150,000<ref name=Eran/> |
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| interments = |
| interments = |
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| cremations = |
| cremations = |
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| leases = |
| leases = |
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| website = |
| website = |
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| findagraveid= 2160032 |
| findagraveid= 2160032 |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Har HaMenuchot''' ({{ |
'''Har HaMenuchot''' ({{langx|he|הר המנוחות}}, [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazi]] pronunciation, '''Har HaMenuchos''', lit. "Mount of Those who are Resting", also known as '''Givat Shaul Cemetery''') is the largest [[cemetery]] in [[Jerusalem]]. The hilltop burial ground lies at the western edge of the city adjacent to the neighborhood of [[Givat Shaul]], with commanding views of [[Mevaseret Zion]] to the north, [[Motza]] to the west, and [[Har Nof]] to the south. Opened in 1951 on {{convert|300|dunam}} of land,<ref name=ross/> it has continually expanded into new sections on the northern and western slopes of the hill. As of 2008, the cemetery encompasses {{convert|580|dunam}} in which over 150,000 people are buried.<ref name=Eran>{{cite web |url=http://jiis-jerusalem.blogspot.co.il/2008/01/blog-post_3997.html |script-title=he:בתי קברות יהודיים בירושלים|trans-title=Jewish Cemeteries in Jerusalem |language=he |first=Eran |last=Avni |date=13 January 2008 |access-date=31 December 2012 |publisher=Machon Yerushalayim Lechaker Yisrael}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[Image:WikiAir IL-13-06 019 - Har HaMenuchot.JPG|thumb|Aerial view of Har HaMenuchot]] |
[[Image:WikiAir IL-13-06 019 - Har HaMenuchot.JPG|thumb|Aerial view of Har HaMenuchot]] |
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Until 1948, [[Jews|Jewish]] burials in Jerusalem were conducted in the |
Until 1948, [[Jews|Jewish]] burials in Jerusalem were conducted in the millennia-old Jewish cemetery on the [[Mount of Olives]]. In 1948, the [[Battle for Jerusalem (1948)|Arab siege of Jerusalem]] cut off access to the Mount of Olives, and this remained the status quo after the [[1949 Armistice Agreements]]. In 1948 several temporary cemeteries opened to handle wartime deaths in Jerusalem, including the [[Sanhedria cemetery]], [[Sheikh Badr Cemetery]], and the [[Shaare Zedek Cemetery, Jerusalem|Shaare Zedek Cemetery]] (on the grounds of the old [[Shaare Zedek Medical Center|Shaare Zedek Hospital]] on [[Jaffa Road]]). After the establishment of the state, however, these were deemed inadequate for the needs of a growing city.<ref name=ross/> |
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In late summer 1948, developers identified a {{convert|300|dunam}} hilltop located between Givat Shaul and Motza and overlooking [[Highway 1 (Israel)|Highway 1]]. It was outside the boundaries of Jerusalem at that time, yet accessible to the city, and it had soft rock for grave-digging. They calculated that each dunam would accommodate 200 graves and estimated a need for 1,000 graves per year. At the time, the city of Jerusalem had 150,000 Jewish residents with a mortality rate of 1,000 annually; at that rate, the new cemetery was expected to suffice for the next 40 years.<ref name=ross>{{cite book |last=Rossoff |first=Dovid |script-title=he:קדושים אשר בארץ: קברי צדיקים בירושלים ובני ברק | |
In late summer 1948, developers identified a {{convert|300|dunam}} hilltop located between Givat Shaul and Motza and overlooking [[Highway 1 (Israel)|Highway 1]]. It was outside the boundaries of Jerusalem at that time, yet accessible to the city, and it had soft rock for grave-digging. They calculated that each dunam would accommodate 200 graves and estimated a need for 1,000 graves per year. At the time, the city of Jerusalem had 150,000 Jewish residents with a mortality rate of 1,000 annually; at that rate, the new cemetery was expected to suffice for the next 40 years.<ref name=ross>{{cite book |last=Rossoff |first=Dovid |script-title=he:קדושים אשר בארץ: קברי צדיקים בירושלים ובני ברק |trans-title=The Holy Ones in the Earth: Graves of Tzaddikim in Jerusalem and Bnei Brak|language=he|year=2005|page=395|publisher=Machon Otzar HaTorah |location=Jerusalem}}</ref> |
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The developers received permission to build the cemetery a month later, but disagreements between the various burial societies delayed the first burial until the fall of 1951.<ref name=ross/> With the opening of the new cemetery, civilian graves were transferred here from the temporary cemeteries at Sheikh Badr<ref name=wager/> and the old Shaare Zedek Hospital. |
The developers received permission to build the cemetery a month later, but disagreements between the various burial societies delayed the first burial until the fall of 1951.<ref name=ross/> With the opening of the new cemetery, civilian graves were transferred here from the temporary cemeteries at Sheikh Badr<ref name=wager/> and the old Shaare Zedek Hospital. |
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In 1951 a new cemetery was established at [[Mount Herzl]], dedicated by government decision as Israel's [[national cemetery]], where national leaders and fallen soldiers would be interred. |
In 1951 a new cemetery was established at [[Mount Herzl]], dedicated by government decision as Israel's [[national cemetery]], where national leaders and fallen soldiers would be interred. |
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By 1988 Har HaMenuchot had about 50,000 graves.<ref name=wager>Wager, Eliyahu (1988). ''Illustrated Guide to Jerusalem''. The Jerusalem Publishing House, Ltd., p. 269.</ref> In the 1990s developers began expanding the cemetery onto the northern and western slopes of the hill.<ref name=times>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/jerusalem-decides-to-hide-a-cemetery/|title=Jerusalem Decides to Hide a Cemetery|first=Asher |last=Zeiger |date=1 November 2012 | |
By 1988 Har HaMenuchot had about 50,000 graves.<ref name=wager>Wager, Eliyahu (1988). ''Illustrated Guide to Jerusalem''. The Jerusalem Publishing House, Ltd., p. 269.</ref> In the 1990s developers began expanding the cemetery onto the northern and western slopes of the hill.<ref name=times>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/jerusalem-decides-to-hide-a-cemetery/|title=Jerusalem Decides to Hide a Cemetery|first=Asher |last=Zeiger |date=1 November 2012 |access-date=31 December 2012 |work=[[The Times of Israel]]}}</ref> By 2008 the cemetery spanned {{convert|580|dunam}} in which more than 150,000 people are interred.<ref name=Eran/> |
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In November 2012 the Jerusalem municipality approved a plan to shield the view of the cemetery from Highway 1, the main entryway to Jerusalem, by planting [[cypress]] trees and erecting a stone wall. The plan would allow for continued expansion of the cemetery to the north and west.<ref name=times/> |
In November 2012 the Jerusalem municipality approved a plan to shield the view of the cemetery from Highway 1, the main entryway to Jerusalem, by planting [[cypress]] trees and erecting a stone wall. The plan would allow for continued expansion of the cemetery to the north and west.<ref name=times/> |
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On October 30, 2019, the underground cemetery in the complex was inaugurated. The complex includes 24,000 underground graves, accessible by 3 elevators. The cost of the project was about NIS 300 million. |
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==Operation== |
==Operation== |
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The graves on Har HaMenuchot are divided into sections operated by various ''[[Chevra kadisha|chevrei kadisha]]'' (burial societies). The Kehillat Yerushalayim burial society was allotted more than 50% of the land when the cemetery opened.<ref name=samson1/> Other sections were apportioned to burial societies serving the [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazim]] (also known as Perushim), [[Sephardi Jews|Sephardim]], and [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidic]] communities of Jerusalem.<ref name=samson1>{{cite web |url=http://www.jewish-funerals.org/har-menuchos-cemetery |title= |
The graves on Har HaMenuchot are divided into sections operated by various ''[[Chevra kadisha|chevrei kadisha]]'' (burial societies). The Kehillat Yerushalayim burial society was allotted more than 50% of the land when the cemetery opened.<ref name=samson1/> Other sections were apportioned to burial societies serving the [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazim]] (also known as Perushim), [[Sephardi Jews|Sephardim]], and [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidic]] communities of Jerusalem.<ref name=samson1>{{cite web |url=http://www.jewish-funerals.org/har-menuchos-cemetery |title=Burial in Jerusalem: The Har Menuchos Cemetery, Part I |first=M. |last=Samsonowitz |date=16 October 2002 |access-date=31 December 2012 |publisher=Dei'ah VeDibur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217123803/http://www.jewish-funerals.org/har-menuchos-cemetery |archive-date=17 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the late 1990s other ''chevrei kadisha'' opened, serving the [[Kurdish Jews|Kurdish]], [[Georgian Jews|Georgian]], [[Yemenite Jews|Yemenite]], and [[Bukharan Jews|Bukharan]] Jewish communities. The Kehillat Yerushalayim burial society also operates a special section reserved for those whose Jewish identity is questionable, such as non-Jewish immigrants and [[atheism|atheists]]. (Bona fide [[Christians]] and [[Muslim]]s are not buried here, but rather in their own cemeteries.)<ref name=samson2>{{cite web |url=http://www.jewish-funerals.org/har-menuchos-cemetery-part-ii |title=Burial in Jerusalem: The Har Menuchos Cemetery, Part II |first=M. |last=Samsonowitz |date=23 October 2002 |access-date=31 December 2012 |publisher=Dei'ah VeDibur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222080713/http://www.jewish-funerals.org/har-menuchos-cemetery-part-ii |archive-date=22 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Both the Kehillat Yerushalayim and the Sephardi burial societies maintain an on-site funeral parlor.<ref name=samson3/> |
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| ⚫ | As the official municipal burial ground, Har HaMenuchot accommodates free burials for Israeli citizens and tourists who die while in Israel; the cost of the plot and funeral services is paid for by [[Bituah Leumi]], the National Insurance Institute.<ref name=samson2/> However, the choice of plot is left to the burial society, and if a spouse wishes to be buried in the adjacent plot, he or she must pay for the second plot.<ref name=haaretz>{{cite web |url=http://www.haaretz.com/aaci-expands-j-lem-cemetery-section-following-demand-1.159061|title=AACI expands J'lem cemetery section following demand |last=Halle|first=Charlotte|work=[[Haaretz]]|date=20 May 2005 |access-date=31 December 2012 }}</ref> According to the law, the burial society must reserve the plots on both sides of a newly dug grave for 90 days in order to give the spouse and relatives of the deceased the option to purchase them.<ref name=samson2/> According to the Kehillat Yerushalayim burial society, 90 percent of the burials at Har HaMenuchot involve couples.<ref name=samson2/> Stone monuments must be paid for by the family of the deceased.<ref name=samson2/> The burial societies recoup their development costs and make their profit on the sale of plots to Jews living abroad, with the price of the plot, burial costs, and transportation of the body by airline exceeding US$11,000. Burials from abroad constitute an estimated one-fifth to one-third of all burials.<ref name=samson3>{{cite web |url=http://www.jewish-funerals.org/har-menuchos-cemetery-part-iii |title=Burial in Jerusalem: The Har Menuchos Cemetery, Part III |first=M. |last=Samsonowitz |date=30 October 2002 |access-date=31 December 2012 |publisher=Dei'ah VeDibur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222114338/http://www.jewish-funerals.org/har-menuchos-cemetery-part-iii |archive-date=22 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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The cemetery has a section for individuals without a religious faith. One example of a burial here was in 2018, when Ala'a Qarash was buried after a ruling by Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem [[Aryeh Stern|Rabbi Aryeh Stern]]. Muslim cemeteries in the area refused to bury Qarash because he sold his property to a Jew.<ref name=JNS>{{cite web |url=https://www.jns.org/jerusalem-chief-rabbi-orders-muslim-who-sold-land-to-jews-be-buried-in-jewish-cemetery/|title=Jerusalem chief rabbi orders Muslim who sold land to Jews be buried in Jewish cemetery |work=[[Jewish News Syndicate|JNS]]|date=21 November 2018 |access-date=2 July 2024 }}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | As the official municipal burial ground, Har HaMenuchot accommodates free burials for Israeli citizens and tourists who die while in Israel; the cost of the plot and funeral services is paid for by [[Bituah Leumi]], the National Insurance Institute.<ref name=samson2/> However, the choice of plot is left to the burial society, and if a spouse wishes to be buried in the adjacent plot, he or she must pay for the second plot.<ref name=haaretz>{{cite web |url=http://www.haaretz.com/aaci-expands-j-lem-cemetery-section-following-demand-1.159061|title=AACI expands J'lem cemetery section following demand |last=Halle|first=Charlotte|work=[[Haaretz]]|date=20 May 2005 | |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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[[File:Wachtfogel graves.jpg|250px|right|thumb|The names of family members killed in the [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]] are engraved on the side of the grave of Chava Esther Wachtfogel (right), wife of Rabbi [[Nosson Meir Wachtfogel]] (grave at left).]] |
[[File:Wachtfogel graves.jpg|250px|right|thumb|The names of family members killed in the [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]] are engraved on the side of the grave of Chava Esther Wachtfogel (right), wife of Rabbi [[Nosson Meir Wachtfogel]] (grave at left).]] |
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Like other Jewish cemeteries in Jerusalem, the plots on Har HaMenuchot consist of an underground grave topped by a rectangular platform of poured concrete, faced with stone tiles, that rises {{convert|2|ft}} or more above-ground. The name, date and praises of the deceased are inscribed on the top panel and occasionally on the sides. The writing is either engraved and filled in with black lead, or simply painted on. In some cases, names of family members of the deceased who |
Like other Jewish cemeteries in Jerusalem, the plots on Har HaMenuchot consist of an underground grave topped by a rectangular platform of poured concrete, faced with stone tiles, that rises {{convert|2|ft}} or more above-ground. The name, date and praises of the deceased are inscribed on the top panel and occasionally on the sides. The writing is either engraved and filled in with black lead, or simply painted on. In some cases, names of family members of the deceased who were murdered in the [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]] are engraved on the sides of the gravestone. Many graves include a small cavity hollowed out of the box, where [[Yahrzeit candle|memorial candles]] are placed.<ref name=samson2/> The graves are generally positioned less than {{convert|1|ft}} apart.<ref name=close>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2164438761.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924203453/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2164438761.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2015|title=CLOSE-UP: The Undiscovered County |last=Nixon|first=Mignon|author-link=Mignon Nixon |date=1 October 2010 |access-date=31 December 2012 |work=[[The Jerusalem Post]]}} (subscription)</ref> |
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The sections run by the Kehillat Yerushalayim and Perushim burial societies differ in appearance. The former is divided into color-coded sections that are easily reached by roadways, and has trees and bushes planted alongside the sections to provide shade for visitors on hot summer days. The Perushim section, on the other hand, abides by customs maintained in Jewish cemeteries for centuries, including the complete absence of trees or vegetation near the graves or even bordering the road.<ref name=samson3/> |
The sections run by the Kehillat Yerushalayim and Perushim burial societies differ in appearance. The former is divided into color-coded sections that are easily reached by roadways, and has trees and bushes planted alongside the sections to provide shade for visitors on hot summer days. The Perushim section, on the other hand, abides by customs maintained in Jewish cemeteries for centuries, including the complete absence of trees or vegetation near the graves or even bordering the road.<ref name=samson3/> |
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[[Kohen|Kohanim]] are interred in a separate section just outside the main entrance, so that their family members who are not allowed to enter cemeteries to avoid ''[[Tumah and taharah|tumas meis]]'' (ritual impurity caused by the dead) may stand by the side of the road and pray at their ancestors' graves. |
[[Kohen|Kohanim]] are interred in a separate section just outside the main entrance, so that their family members who are not allowed to enter cemeteries to avoid ''[[Tumah and taharah|tumas meis]]'' (ritual impurity caused by the dead) may stand by the side of the road and pray at their ancestors' graves. |
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The cemetery contains a [[genizah]] (sacred texts repository) where [[Kvitel|kvitlach]] (prayer notes) from the [[Western Wall]] are buried.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-85410791.html|title=Jerusalem Post Office Forwards Letters to God |first=Jason |last=Keyser |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |date=3 October 2003 | |
The cemetery contains a [[genizah]] (sacred texts repository) where [[Kvitel|kvitlach]] (prayer notes) from the [[Western Wall]] are buried.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-85410791.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326182001/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-85410791.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 March 2014|title=Jerusalem Post Office Forwards Letters to God |first=Jason |last=Keyser |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |date=3 October 2003 |access-date=30 December 2012}} (subscription)</ref> |
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In addition to visitor parking, the cemetery is serviced by [[Egged (company)|Egged]] bus number 54, which has its terminus |
In addition to visitor parking, the cemetery is serviced twice an hour by [[Egged (company)|Egged]] bus number 54, which has its terminus at the Har Hotzvim terminal passes the [[Jerusalem Central Bus Station]] and Rav-Shefa Mall, and Kanfei Nesharim Street.[https://www.bus.co.il/otobusimmvc/Line_Places/1010/54_1_-1069776502?Language=en] |
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==Points of interest== |
==Points of interest== |
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[[File:Praying at Belzer Rebbe's grave.jpg|200px|right|thumb|A man prays at the |
[[File:Praying at Belzer Rebbe's grave.jpg|200px|right|thumb|A man prays at the tomb of [[Aharon Rokeach]], the fourth [[Belz (Hasidic dynasty)|Belzer]] rebbe.]] |
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Near the main entrance lies the original ''Chelkat Harabbonim'' ({{ |
Near the main entrance lies the original ''Chelkat Harabbonim'' ({{langx|he|חלקת הרבנים}}, "Rabbis' Section") operated by the Ashkenazi (Perushim) burial society, which includes the graves of many [[gadol|gedolim]] of the past 60 years from around the world. The largest grave in this section is that of Rabbi [[Aharon Rokeach]], the fourth [[Belz (Hasidic dynasty)|Belzer]] [[Rebbe]], which has become a [[shrine]] for thousands of visitors annually.<ref name=samson3/> An area of ''dalet amos'' (four cubits) surrounds this grave.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BSrcTG_xMxIC&q=har+hamenuchos&pg=PA512|title=Rescuing the Rebbe of Belz: Belzer Chassidus: History, Rescue and Rebirth |first=Yosef |last=Israel |page=512 |publisher=[[ArtScroll|Mesorah Publications, Ltd.]] |year=2005 |isbn=1578190592}}</ref> An iron parapet constructed nearby allows Kohanim to pray near the rabbinical graves without exposing themselves to ''tumah'' (ritual impurity).<ref name=samson3/> Another ''Chelkas Harabbonim'' is located on the north slope of the hill;<ref name=samson3/> this is the resting place for Rabbis [[Shlomo Wolbe]], [[Nosson Meir Wachtfogel]], and [[Yosef Shalom Elyashiv]], among others. |
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A grave known as a ''[[Segula (Kabbalah)|segula]]'' (propitious remedy) for childless women is that of [[Miriam ha-Koveset]] ({{ |
A grave known as a ''[[Segula (Kabbalah)|segula]]'' (propitious remedy) for childless women is that of [[Miriam ha-Koveset]] ({{langx|he|מרים הכובסת}}, Miriam the Laundress), who only worked in the homes of Torah scholars, including Rabbi Yosef Shalom Elyashiv<ref>{{cite news|script-title=he:דאס איז דאך מיין גן עדן - הבית שברחוב חנן |trans-title='This is my Gan Eden' – The House on Hanan Street |language=he|date= 15 April 2011 |work=[[Yated Ne'eman (Israel)|Yated Ne'eman]], Shabbos Kodesh supplement |page=101}}</ref> and the [[Zvhil (Hasidic dynasty)|Zvhiller]] Rebbe, Rabbi [[Shlomo Goldman]].<ref name="yated"/> Once Miriam asked the Zvhiller Rebbe for a blessing for children, but he blessed her that in her merit, others would merit to have children. Twenty-nine years after her death in 1964, one of her neighbors had a dream in which Miriam appeared to her, told her of the Zvhiller Rebbe's promise, and gave her directions to her grave. On her [[yahrzeit]] that year, busloads of women came to pray at the grave while a Torah scholar recited prayers for the elevation of her soul. There were 32 known cases of women who prayed at Miriam's grave and gave birth to children that year. Since then, her grave, located near the main parking lot, has been renovated and enlarged to accommodate women year-round.<ref name="yated">{{cite web |last=Avrohom |first=A. |url=http://chareidi.org/archives5765/NSO65features.htm |title=From Zevhil to Yerushalayim – The Sixtieth Yahrtzeit of the Admor Rabbi Shlomo Goldman of Zevihl – R' Shlomke of Zevihl, zt'l |publisher=Dei'ah VeDibur |date=8 June 2005 |access-date=31 December 2012}}</ref> |
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[[File:RavPicture 058.jpg|thumb|right|The burial place of Rabbi Aryeh Leib Malin on Har HaMenuchot]] |
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==Notable rabbis buried at Har HaMenuchot |
==Notable rabbis buried at Har HaMenuchot== |
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[[File:Grave of Moses Feinstein.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Grave of Rabbi [[Moshe Feinstein]].]] |
[[File:Grave of Moses Feinstein.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Grave of Rabbi [[Moshe Feinstein]].]] |
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[[File:Shlomo Carlebach grave.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Grave of Rabbi [[Shlomo Carlebach (musician)|Shlomo Carlebach]], with Hebrew and English inscriptions.]] |
[[File:Shlomo Carlebach grave.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Grave of Rabbi [[Shlomo Carlebach (musician)|Shlomo Carlebach]], with Hebrew and English inscriptions.]] |
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* [[Yaakov Ades]], [[Sephardic]] [[gadol]] and member of the Jerusalem [[beth din]] |
* [[Yaakov Ades]], [[Sephardic]] [[gadol]] and member of the Jerusalem [[beth din]] |
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* [[Yehuda Amital]], founder of [[Yeshivat Har Etzion]], [[Meimad]] movement |
* [[Yehuda Amital]], founder of [[Yeshivat Har Etzion]], [[Meimad]] movement |
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* [[Gedaliah Anemer]], av bet din of Washington, D.C. and founder of the Yeshiva of Greater Washington-Tiferet Gedaliah |
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* [[Baruch Ashlag]], [[Kabbalah|kabbalist]] |
* [[Baruch Ashlag]], [[Kabbalah|kabbalist]] |
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* [[Yehuda Ashlag]], the ''Baal HaSulam'' |
* [[Yehuda Ashlag]], the ''Baal HaSulam'' |
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* [[Ezra Attiya]], [[rosh yeshiva]] of [[Porat Yosef Yeshiva]], Jerusalem |
* [[Ezra Attiya]], [[rosh yeshiva]] of [[Porat Yosef Yeshiva]], Jerusalem |
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* [[Chaim Yehuda Leib Auerbach]], rosh yeshiva of [[Shaar Hashamayim Yeshiva]] |
* [[Chaim Yehuda Leib Auerbach]], rosh yeshiva of [[Shaar Hashamayim Yeshiva]] |
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* [[Nachman Bulman]], rabbi in the United States and Israel |
* [[Nachman Bulman]], rabbi in the United States and Israel |
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* [[Shlomo Carlebach (musician)|Shlomo Carlebach]], rabbi-songwriter |
* [[Shlomo Carlebach (musician)|Shlomo Carlebach]], rabbi-songwriter |
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* [[Akiva Ehrenfeld]], Jerusalem rabbi |
* [[Akiva Ehrenfeld]], Jerusalem rabbi |
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* [[Shmuel Ehrenfeld]], the Mattersdorfer Rav |
* [[Shmuel Ehrenfeld]], the Mattersdorfer Rav |
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* [[Mordechai Eliyahu]], former [[Sephardi]] [[chief rabbi]] of Israel |
* [[Mordechai Eliyahu]], former [[Sephardi]] [[chief rabbi]] of Israel |
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* [[Yosef Shalom Eliashiv|Yosef Shalom Elyashiv]], Lithuanian Orthodox gadol and posek |
* [[Yosef Shalom Eliashiv|Yosef Shalom Elyashiv]], Lithuanian Orthodox gadol and posek |
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* [[Pesach Eliyahu Falk]], Gateshead, Posek Hador |
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* [[Moshe Feinstein]], American gadol and posek |
* [[Moshe Feinstein]], American gadol and posek |
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* [[Binyomin Beinush Finkel]], rosh yeshiva of [[Mir yeshiva (Jerusalem)|Yeshivas Mir]], Jerusalem |
* [[Binyomin Beinush Finkel]], rosh yeshiva of [[Mir yeshiva (Jerusalem)|Yeshivas Mir]], Jerusalem |
||
| Line 107: | Line 115: | ||
* [[Eliyahu Boruch Finkel]], rosh yeshiva of Yeshivas Mir, Jerusalem |
* [[Eliyahu Boruch Finkel]], rosh yeshiva of Yeshivas Mir, Jerusalem |
||
* [[Nosson Tzvi Finkel (Mir)|Nosson Tzvi Finkel]], rosh yeshiva of Yeshivas Mir, Jerusalem |
* [[Nosson Tzvi Finkel (Mir)|Nosson Tzvi Finkel]], rosh yeshiva of Yeshivas Mir, Jerusalem |
||
* [[Tzvi Pesach Frank]], |
* [[Tzvi Pesach Frank]], chief rabbi of Jerusalem |
||
* [[Yozef Friedlander]], [[Liske (Hasidic dynasty)|Lisker]] [[Rebbe]] |
* [[Yozef Friedlander]], [[Liske (Hasidic dynasty)|Lisker]] [[Rebbe]] |
||
* [[Yaakov Yosef Herman]] |
* [[Yaakov Yosef Herman]], Orthodox Jewish pioneer in the United States in the early 20th century. |
||
* [[Yitzhak Kaduri]], Sephardi kabbalist |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
* [[Meir Kahane]], [[Kach and Kahane Chai|Kach]] party founder |
* [[Meir Kahane]], [[Kach and Kahane Chai|Kach]] party founder |
||
| ⚫ | |||
* [[Chaim Mordechai Katz]], rosh yeshiva of [[Telshe yeshiva|Telz]]-[[Cleveland]] |
* [[Chaim Mordechai Katz]], rosh yeshiva of [[Telshe yeshiva|Telz]]-[[Cleveland]] |
||
* [[Aharon Kotler]], founder and rosh yeshiva of [[Beth Medrash Govoha]], Lakewood, New Jersey |
* [[Aharon Kotler]], founder and rosh yeshiva of [[Beth Medrash Govoha]], Lakewood, New Jersey |
||
| Line 121: | Line 130: | ||
* [[Zion Levy]], chief rabbi of [[Panama]] |
* [[Zion Levy]], chief rabbi of [[Panama]] |
||
* [[Aharon Lichtenstein]], rosh yeshiva of [[Yeshivat Har Etzion]] in [[Alon Shvut]] |
* [[Aharon Lichtenstein]], rosh yeshiva of [[Yeshivat Har Etzion]] in [[Alon Shvut]] |
||
* [[Gershon Liebman]], rosh yeshiva of the [[Novardok Yeshiva]] network in |
* [[Gershon Liebman]], rosh yeshiva of the [[Novardok Yeshiva]] network in France |
||
* [[Aryeh Leib Malin]], rosh yeshiva of [[Beth Hatalmud Rabbinical College]] |
* [[Aryeh Leib Malin]], rosh yeshiva of [[Beth Hatalmud Rabbinical College]] |
||
* [[Isser Zalman Meltzer]], rosh yeshiva of [[Slutsk]] and [[Etz Chaim Yeshiva|Etz Chaim]], Jerusalem |
* [[Isser Zalman Meltzer]], rosh yeshiva of [[Slutsk]] and [[Etz Chaim Yeshiva|Etz Chaim]], Jerusalem |
||
| Line 127: | Line 136: | ||
* [[Chanoch Dov Padwa]], av beit din of [[London]] |
* [[Chanoch Dov Padwa]], av beit din of [[London]] |
||
* [[Menachem Porush]], legislator, educator, journalist |
* [[Menachem Porush]], legislator, educator, journalist |
||
* [[Yosef Qafih]], [[Yemenite Jews|Yemenite]] rabbi and community leader |
|||
* [[Louis Isaac Rabinowitz]], chief rabbi of [[South Africa]] and deputy mayor of Jerusalem |
* [[Louis Isaac Rabinowitz]], chief rabbi of [[South Africa]] and deputy mayor of Jerusalem |
||
* [[Bezalel Rakow]], [[Gateshead]] Rav |
* [[Bezalel Rakow]], [[Gateshead]] Rav |
||
* [[Aharon Rokeach]], [[Belz (Hasidic dynasty)|Belz]]er Rebbe |
* [[Aharon Rokeach]], [[Belz (Hasidic dynasty)|Belz]]er Rebbe |
||
* [[Tibor Rosenbaum]], Hungarian-born Swiss rabbi and businessman |
|||
* [[Shulem Safrin]], [[Komarno (Hasidic dynasty)|Komarno]] Rebbe |
* [[Shulem Safrin]], [[Komarno (Hasidic dynasty)|Komarno]] Rebbe |
||
* [[Naftali Shakovitzky]], Gateshead Rav |
|||
* [[Chaim Shmuelevitz]], rosh yeshiva of Yeshivas Mir, Jerusalem |
* [[Chaim Shmuelevitz]], rosh yeshiva of Yeshivas Mir, Jerusalem |
||
* [[Yochanan Sofer]], leader of the Erlau (Eger) dynasty.<ref>{{cite news|title=Venerated leader of the Erlau Hasidic sect dies at 93|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/venerated-leader-of-the-erlau-hasidic-sect-dies-at-93/|access-date=22 February 2016|work=[[The Times of Israel]]|date=22 February 2016}}</ref> |
|||
* [[Akiva Sofer]], av beit din of [[Bratislava|Pressburg]] |
|||
* [[ |
* [[Meshulam Dovid Soloveitchik]], rosh yeshiva of Brisk<ref name="Yeshivaworld2">{{cite news |title=Baruch Dayan HaEmes: HaGaon HaRav Dovid Soloveitchik, Z'TL, Thousands Attend Levaya |url=https://www.theyeshivaworld.com/news/featured/1943778/boruch-dayan-haemmes-hagaon-harav-dovid-soloveitchik-zatzal.html |access-date=31 January 2021 |agency=the [[Yeshiva World]].com |date=January 31, 2021}}</ref> |
||
* [[Yitzchok Zev Soloveitchik]], [[Brest, Belarus|Brisk]]er Rav |
* [[Yitzchok Zev Soloveitchik]], [[Brest, Belarus|Brisk]]er Rav |
||
* [[Baruch Sorotzkin]], Rosh Yeshivas Telz-Cleveland |
* [[Baruch Sorotzkin]], Rosh Yeshivas Telz-Cleveland |
||
| Line 140: | Line 150: | ||
* [[Nosson Meir Wachtfogel]], [[mashgiach ruchani]], Beth Medrash Govoha |
* [[Nosson Meir Wachtfogel]], [[mashgiach ruchani]], Beth Medrash Govoha |
||
* [[Eliezer Waldenberg]], medical [[halakhist]] and member of the Jerusalem beit din |
* [[Eliezer Waldenberg]], medical [[halakhist]] and member of the Jerusalem beit din |
||
* [[ |
* [[Chaim Walkin]], rabbi and lecturer |
||
* Simcha Wasserman, Jerusalem rabbi |
|||
* [[Dov Berish Weidenfeld]], av beit din of Tchebin ([[Trzebinia]]) |
* [[Dov Berish Weidenfeld]], av beit din of Tchebin ([[Trzebinia]]) |
||
* [[Noah Weinberg]], founder and rosh yeshiva of [[Aish HaTorah]] |
* [[Noah Weinberg]], founder and rosh yeshiva of [[Aish HaTorah]] |
||
* [[Yechiel Yaakov Weinberg]], [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]] [[rabbi]], [[posek]] ("decisor" of Jewish law) and [[rosh yeshiva]] |
|||
* [[Shlomo Wolbe]], mashgiach, Be'er Yaakov yeshiva |
* [[Shlomo Wolbe]], mashgiach, Be'er Yaakov yeshiva |
||
* [[Avraham Yoffen]], rosh yeshiva of Beis Yosef Novardok |
* [[Avraham Yoffen]], rosh yeshiva of Beis Yosef Novardok |
||
* [[Mordechai Leib Kaminetzky]], Jerusalem rabbi |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
* [[Yitzhak Kaduri]], Mekubal / kabbalist |
|||
* [[Mordechai Sharabi]], Mekubal / kabbalist and Rosh Yeshiva of Yeshivat Nahar Shalom |
|||
== |
==Notable rabbis reinterred at Har HaMenuchot== |
||
* [[Chaim Joseph David Azulai]], the ''Chida'' |
* [[Chaim Joseph David Azulai]], the ''Chida'' |
||
* [[Yosef Yozel Horwitz]], the Alter of Novardok |
* [[Yosef Yozel Horwitz]], the Alter of Novardok |
||
| Line 154: | Line 168: | ||
==Zionist personalities buried at Har HaMenuchot== |
==Zionist personalities buried at Har HaMenuchot== |
||
* [[Rachel Yanait Ben-Zvi]] |
|||
* [[Yitzhak Ben-Zvi]] |
* [[Yitzhak Ben-Zvi]] |
||
* [[Naftali Herz Imber]] |
* [[Naftali Herz Imber]] |
||
* [[Mordechai Zar]] |
|||
==Other notable people buried at Har Hamenuchot== |
==Other notable people buried at Har Hamenuchot== |
||
* [[Tuvia Bielski]], leader of the [[Bielski partisans]] |
* [[Tuvia Bielski]], leader of the [[Bielski partisans]] |
||
* [[Dora Bloch]], killed by [[Idi Amin]] after [[Operation Entebbe]] |
* [[Murder of Dora Bloch|Dora Bloch]], killed by [[Idi Amin]] after [[Operation Entebbe]] |
||
* Udi, Ruth, Yoav, Elad, and Hadas Fogel, victims of the 2011 [[Itamar attack]] |
* Udi, Ruth, Yoav, Elad, and Hadas Fogel, victims of the 2011 [[Itamar attack]] |
||
* [[Yossef Gutfreund|Yossef Kurt Gutfreund]], one of the eleven victims of the [[Munich massacre|Munich massacre 1972]] |
|||
* [[Yaakov Yosef Herman]], American Orthodox pioneer |
* [[Yaakov Yosef Herman]], American Orthodox pioneer |
||
* [[Menachem Elon]], |
* [[Menachem Elon]], former Deputy Chief [[Israeli Supreme Court]] |
||
* [[Barno Itzhakova]], Bukharian Jewish singer |
|||
* [[George Mantello]], Hungarian Orthodox Jew. As First Secretary of El Salvador in Switzerland, he saved large number of Jews during the Holocaust by providing them with protection papers. He also publicized the [[Auschwitz Protocols]]. |
|||
* Miriam Monsonego, victim of the 2012 [[Toulouse and Montauban shootings]] |
* Miriam Monsonego, victim of the 2012 [[Toulouse and Montauban shootings]] |
||
* [[Itzhak Nener]], [[jurist]] and Vice President of [[Liberal International]] |
|||
* [[Paul Reichmann]], Canadian real estate tycoon |
|||
* [[Paul Reichmann]], Canadian businessman and member of the [[Reichmann family]] |
|||
* Yonatan, Arieh, and Gabriel Sandler, victims of the 2012 Toulouse and Montauban shootings |
* Yonatan, Arieh, and Gabriel Sandler, victims of the 2012 Toulouse and Montauban shootings |
||
* [[Yona Bogale]], first leader of the [[Beta Israel|Ethiopian Jewish]] community in Israel |
* [[Yona Bogale]], first leader of the [[Beta Israel|Ethiopian Jewish]] community in Israel |
||
* The 7 Sassoon children killed in a [[Shabbat]] fire in Brooklyn NY |
* The 7 Sassoon children killed in a [[Shabbat]] fire in Brooklyn NY |
||
* [[Jacques Lipchitz]], |
* [[Jacques Lipchitz]], modernist sculptor |
||
* [[Mordechai Omer]], director of [[Tel Aviv Art Museum]] |
|||
* [[Peretz Smolenskin]], writer of the [[Haskalah]] movement |
|||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
*[[Bereavement in Judaism]] |
* [[Bereavement in Judaism]] |
||
== |
==References== |
||
{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
||
==External links== |
==External links== |
||
{{Commons category|Har HaMenuchot}} |
{{Commons category|Har HaMenuchot}} |
||
* [http://chareidi.org/archives5763/CS63features.htm Burial in Jerusalem: The Har HaMenuchot Cemetery] |
* [http://chareidi.org/archives5763/CS63features.htm Burial in Jerusalem: The Har HaMenuchot Cemetery] |
||
* [http://www.tog.co.il/en/TorahNew.aspx?id=2042 Kiddush Chelka Ceremony at Har HaMenuchos by the Belz Community] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091102215346/http://www.tog.co.il/en/TorahNew.aspx?id=2042 Kiddush Chelka Ceremony at Har HaMenuchos by the Belz Community] |
||
{{Cemeteries in Jerusalem}} |
|||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Har HaMenuchot}} |
{{Cemeteries in Jerusalem}}{{Tourism in Jerusalem}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Har HaMenuchot}} |
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[[Category:1951 establishments in Israel]] |
[[Category:1951 establishments in Israel]] |
||
[[Category:Jewish cemeteries in Jerusalem]] |
[[Category:Jewish cemeteries in Jerusalem]] |
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| Line 189: | Line 209: | ||
[[Category:Hills of Israel]] |
[[Category:Hills of Israel]] |
||
[[Category:Landforms of Jerusalem District]] |
[[Category:Landforms of Jerusalem District]] |
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[[Category:Cemeteries established in the 1950s]] |
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Latest revision as of 19:55, 4 December 2024
| Har HaMenuchot | |
|---|---|
| הר המנוחות | |
 | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 750 m (2,460 ft) |
| Coordinates | 31°47′53″N 35°10′40″E / 31.79806°N 35.17778°E |
| Geography | |
 | |
| Location | Jerusalem |
| Parent range | Judean |
| Har HaMenuchot | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Details | |
| Established | 1951 |
| Location | |
| Size | 580 dunams (0.58 km2; 0.22 sq mi)[1] |
| No. of graves | over 150,000[1] |
| Find a Grave | Har HaMenuchot |
Har HaMenuchot (Hebrew: הר המנוחות, Ashkenazi pronunciation, Har HaMenuchos, lit. "Mount of Those who are Resting", also known as Givat Shaul Cemetery) is the largest cemetery in Jerusalem. The hilltop burial ground lies at the western edge of the city adjacent to the neighborhood of Givat Shaul, with commanding views of Mevaseret Zion to the north, Motza to the west, and Har Nof to the south. Opened in 1951 on 300 dunams (0.30 km2; 0.12 sq mi) of land,[2] it has continually expanded into new sections on the northern and western slopes of the hill. As of 2008, the cemetery encompasses 580 dunams (0.58 km2; 0.22 sq mi) in which over 150,000 people are buried.[1]
History
[edit]
Until 1948, Jewish burials in Jerusalem were conducted in the millennia-old Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives. In 1948, the Arab siege of Jerusalem cut off access to the Mount of Olives, and this remained the status quo after the 1949 Armistice Agreements. In 1948 several temporary cemeteries opened to handle wartime deaths in Jerusalem, including the Sanhedria cemetery, Sheikh Badr Cemetery, and the Shaare Zedek Cemetery (on the grounds of the old Shaare Zedek Hospital on Jaffa Road). After the establishment of the state, however, these were deemed inadequate for the needs of a growing city.[2]
In late summer 1948, developers identified a 300 dunams (0.30 km2; 0.12 sq mi) hilltop located between Givat Shaul and Motza and overlooking Highway 1. It was outside the boundaries of Jerusalem at that time, yet accessible to the city, and it had soft rock for grave-digging. They calculated that each dunam would accommodate 200 graves and estimated a need for 1,000 graves per year. At the time, the city of Jerusalem had 150,000 Jewish residents with a mortality rate of 1,000 annually; at that rate, the new cemetery was expected to suffice for the next 40 years.[2]
The developers received permission to build the cemetery a month later, but disagreements between the various burial societies delayed the first burial until the fall of 1951.[2] With the opening of the new cemetery, civilian graves were transferred here from the temporary cemeteries at Sheikh Badr[3] and the old Shaare Zedek Hospital.
In 1951 a new cemetery was established at Mount Herzl, dedicated by government decision as Israel's national cemetery, where national leaders and fallen soldiers would be interred.
By 1988 Har HaMenuchot had about 50,000 graves.[3] In the 1990s developers began expanding the cemetery onto the northern and western slopes of the hill.[4] By 2008 the cemetery spanned 580 dunams (0.58 km2; 0.22 sq mi) in which more than 150,000 people are interred.[1]
In November 2012 the Jerusalem municipality approved a plan to shield the view of the cemetery from Highway 1, the main entryway to Jerusalem, by planting cypress trees and erecting a stone wall. The plan would allow for continued expansion of the cemetery to the north and west.[4]
On October 30, 2019, the underground cemetery in the complex was inaugurated. The complex includes 24,000 underground graves, accessible by 3 elevators. The cost of the project was about NIS 300 million.
Operation
[edit]The graves on Har HaMenuchot are divided into sections operated by various chevrei kadisha (burial societies). The Kehillat Yerushalayim burial society was allotted more than 50% of the land when the cemetery opened.[5] Other sections were apportioned to burial societies serving the Ashkenazim (also known as Perushim), Sephardim, and Hasidic communities of Jerusalem.[5] In the late 1990s other chevrei kadisha opened, serving the Kurdish, Georgian, Yemenite, and Bukharan Jewish communities. The Kehillat Yerushalayim burial society also operates a special section reserved for those whose Jewish identity is questionable, such as non-Jewish immigrants and atheists. (Bona fide Christians and Muslims are not buried here, but rather in their own cemeteries.)[6] Both the Kehillat Yerushalayim and the Sephardi burial societies maintain an on-site funeral parlor.[7]
As the official municipal burial ground, Har HaMenuchot accommodates free burials for Israeli citizens and tourists who die while in Israel; the cost of the plot and funeral services is paid for by Bituah Leumi, the National Insurance Institute.[6] However, the choice of plot is left to the burial society, and if a spouse wishes to be buried in the adjacent plot, he or she must pay for the second plot.[8] According to the law, the burial society must reserve the plots on both sides of a newly dug grave for 90 days in order to give the spouse and relatives of the deceased the option to purchase them.[6] According to the Kehillat Yerushalayim burial society, 90 percent of the burials at Har HaMenuchot involve couples.[6] Stone monuments must be paid for by the family of the deceased.[6] The burial societies recoup their development costs and make their profit on the sale of plots to Jews living abroad, with the price of the plot, burial costs, and transportation of the body by airline exceeding US$11,000. Burials from abroad constitute an estimated one-fifth to one-third of all burials.[7]
The cemetery has a section for individuals without a religious faith. One example of a burial here was in 2018, when Ala'a Qarash was buried after a ruling by Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem Rabbi Aryeh Stern. Muslim cemeteries in the area refused to bury Qarash because he sold his property to a Jew.[9]
Description
[edit]
Like other Jewish cemeteries in Jerusalem, the plots on Har HaMenuchot consist of an underground grave topped by a rectangular platform of poured concrete, faced with stone tiles, that rises 2 feet (0.61 m) or more above-ground. The name, date and praises of the deceased are inscribed on the top panel and occasionally on the sides. The writing is either engraved and filled in with black lead, or simply painted on. In some cases, names of family members of the deceased who were murdered in the Holocaust are engraved on the sides of the gravestone. Many graves include a small cavity hollowed out of the box, where memorial candles are placed.[6] The graves are generally positioned less than 1 foot (0.30 m) apart.[10]
The sections run by the Kehillat Yerushalayim and Perushim burial societies differ in appearance. The former is divided into color-coded sections that are easily reached by roadways, and has trees and bushes planted alongside the sections to provide shade for visitors on hot summer days. The Perushim section, on the other hand, abides by customs maintained in Jewish cemeteries for centuries, including the complete absence of trees or vegetation near the graves or even bordering the road.[7]
Kohanim are interred in a separate section just outside the main entrance, so that their family members who are not allowed to enter cemeteries to avoid tumas meis (ritual impurity caused by the dead) may stand by the side of the road and pray at their ancestors' graves.
The cemetery contains a genizah (sacred texts repository) where kvitlach (prayer notes) from the Western Wall are buried.[11]
In addition to visitor parking, the cemetery is serviced twice an hour by Egged bus number 54, which has its terminus at the Har Hotzvim terminal passes the Jerusalem Central Bus Station and Rav-Shefa Mall, and Kanfei Nesharim Street.[1]
Points of interest
[edit]
Near the main entrance lies the original Chelkat Harabbonim (Hebrew: חלקת הרבנים, "Rabbis' Section") operated by the Ashkenazi (Perushim) burial society, which includes the graves of many gedolim of the past 60 years from around the world. The largest grave in this section is that of Rabbi Aharon Rokeach, the fourth Belzer Rebbe, which has become a shrine for thousands of visitors annually.[7] An area of dalet amos (four cubits) surrounds this grave.[12] An iron parapet constructed nearby allows Kohanim to pray near the rabbinical graves without exposing themselves to tumah (ritual impurity).[7] Another Chelkas Harabbonim is located on the north slope of the hill;[7] this is the resting place for Rabbis Shlomo Wolbe, Nosson Meir Wachtfogel, and Yosef Shalom Elyashiv, among others.
A grave known as a segula (propitious remedy) for childless women is that of Miriam ha-Koveset (Hebrew: מרים הכובסת, Miriam the Laundress), who only worked in the homes of Torah scholars, including Rabbi Yosef Shalom Elyashiv[13] and the Zvhiller Rebbe, Rabbi Shlomo Goldman.[14] Once Miriam asked the Zvhiller Rebbe for a blessing for children, but he blessed her that in her merit, others would merit to have children. Twenty-nine years after her death in 1964, one of her neighbors had a dream in which Miriam appeared to her, told her of the Zvhiller Rebbe's promise, and gave her directions to her grave. On her yahrzeit that year, busloads of women came to pray at the grave while a Torah scholar recited prayers for the elevation of her soul. There were 32 known cases of women who prayed at Miriam's grave and gave birth to children that year. Since then, her grave, located near the main parking lot, has been renovated and enlarged to accommodate women year-round.[14]
Notable rabbis buried at Har HaMenuchot
[edit]
- Yehezkel Abramsky, Av Beit Din of London
- Yaakov Ades, Sephardic gadol and member of the Jerusalem beth din
- Yehuda Amital, founder of Yeshivat Har Etzion, Meimad movement
- Baruch Ashlag, kabbalist
- Yehuda Ashlag, the Baal HaSulam
- Ezra Attiya, rosh yeshiva of Porat Yosef Yeshiva, Jerusalem
- Chaim Yehuda Leib Auerbach, rosh yeshiva of Shaar Hashamayim Yeshiva
- Shlomo Zalman Auerbach, Jerusalem posek
- Baruch Ben Haim, assistant chief rabbi of the Syrian Jewish community in Brooklyn, New York
- Zelig Reuven Bengis, rosh av beit din of Jerusalem
- Amram Blau, one of the founders of Neturei Karta
- Abraham Yochanan Blumenthal, founder of Zion Blumenthal Orphanage
- Nachman Bulman, rabbi in the United States and Israel
- Shlomo Carlebach, rabbi-songwriter
- Reb Chaim Daskal, Reb Chaim of Yerushalayim
- Akiva Ehrenfeld, Jerusalem rabbi
- Shmuel Ehrenfeld, the Mattersdorfer Rav
- Mordechai Eliyahu, former Sephardi chief rabbi of Israel
- Yosef Shalom Elyashiv, Lithuanian Orthodox gadol and posek
- Pesach Eliyahu Falk, Gateshead, Posek Hador
- Moshe Feinstein, American gadol and posek
- Binyomin Beinush Finkel, rosh yeshiva of Yeshivas Mir, Jerusalem
- Eliezer Yehuda Finkel, rosh yeshiva of Yeshivas Mir, Belarus and Jerusalem
- Eliyahu Boruch Finkel, rosh yeshiva of Yeshivas Mir, Jerusalem
- Nosson Tzvi Finkel, rosh yeshiva of Yeshivas Mir, Jerusalem
- Tzvi Pesach Frank, chief rabbi of Jerusalem
- Yozef Friedlander, Lisker Rebbe
- Yaakov Yosef Herman, Orthodox Jewish pioneer in the United States in the early 20th century.
- Yitzhak Kaduri, Sephardi kabbalist
- Meir Kahane, Kach party founder
- Jacob S. Kassin, chief rabbi of the Syrian Jewish community in Brooklyn, New York
- Chaim Mordechai Katz, rosh yeshiva of Telz-Cleveland
- Aharon Kotler, founder and rosh yeshiva of Beth Medrash Govoha, Lakewood, New Jersey
- Shneur Kotler, rosh yeshiva of Beth Medrash Govoha
- Chaim Kreiswirth, av beit din of Antwerp
- Zundel Kroizer, Haredi Israeli rabbi and author of Ohr Hachamah
- Aaron Aryeh Leifer, Nadvorna Rebbe
- Avraham Abba Leifer, Pittsburger Rebbe
- Zion Levy, chief rabbi of Panama
- Aharon Lichtenstein, rosh yeshiva of Yeshivat Har Etzion in Alon Shvut
- Gershon Liebman, rosh yeshiva of the Novardok Yeshiva network in France
- Aryeh Leib Malin, rosh yeshiva of Beth Hatalmud Rabbinical College
- Isser Zalman Meltzer, rosh yeshiva of Slutsk and Etz Chaim, Jerusalem
- Yisroel Ber Odesser, Breslov rabbi
- Chanoch Dov Padwa, av beit din of London
- Menachem Porush, legislator, educator, journalist
- Yosef Qafih, Yemenite rabbi and community leader
- Louis Isaac Rabinowitz, chief rabbi of South Africa and deputy mayor of Jerusalem
- Bezalel Rakow, Gateshead Rav
- Aharon Rokeach, Belzer Rebbe
- Tibor Rosenbaum, Hungarian-born Swiss rabbi and businessman
- Shulem Safrin, Komarno Rebbe
- Chaim Shmuelevitz, rosh yeshiva of Yeshivas Mir, Jerusalem
- Yochanan Sofer, leader of the Erlau (Eger) dynasty.[15]
- Meshulam Dovid Soloveitchik, rosh yeshiva of Brisk[16]
- Yitzchok Zev Soloveitchik, Brisker Rav
- Baruch Sorotzkin, Rosh Yeshivas Telz-Cleveland
- Zalman Sorotzkin, av beit din of Lutsk
- Nosson Meir Wachtfogel, mashgiach ruchani, Beth Medrash Govoha
- Eliezer Waldenberg, medical halakhist and member of the Jerusalem beit din
- Chaim Walkin, rabbi and lecturer
- Simcha Wasserman, Jerusalem rabbi
- Dov Berish Weidenfeld, av beit din of Tchebin (Trzebinia)
- Noah Weinberg, founder and rosh yeshiva of Aish HaTorah
- Yechiel Yaakov Weinberg, Orthodox rabbi, posek ("decisor" of Jewish law) and rosh yeshiva
- Shlomo Wolbe, mashgiach, Be'er Yaakov yeshiva
- Avraham Yoffen, rosh yeshiva of Beis Yosef Novardok
- Mordechai Leib Kaminetzky, Jerusalem rabbi
- Yitzhak Kaduri, Mekubal / kabbalist
- Mordechai Sharabi, Mekubal / kabbalist and Rosh Yeshiva of Yeshivat Nahar Shalom
Notable rabbis reinterred at Har HaMenuchot
[edit]- Chaim Joseph David Azulai, the Chida
- Yosef Yozel Horwitz, the Alter of Novardok
- Meir Shapiro, Rav of Lublin
- Menachem Ziemba, Rav of Warsaw
Zionist personalities buried at Har HaMenuchot
[edit]Other notable people buried at Har Hamenuchot
[edit]- Tuvia Bielski, leader of the Bielski partisans
- Dora Bloch, killed by Idi Amin after Operation Entebbe
- Udi, Ruth, Yoav, Elad, and Hadas Fogel, victims of the 2011 Itamar attack
- Yossef Kurt Gutfreund, one of the eleven victims of the Munich massacre 1972
- Yaakov Yosef Herman, American Orthodox pioneer
- Menachem Elon, former Deputy Chief Israeli Supreme Court
- Barno Itzhakova, Bukharian Jewish singer
- George Mantello, Hungarian Orthodox Jew. As First Secretary of El Salvador in Switzerland, he saved large number of Jews during the Holocaust by providing them with protection papers. He also publicized the Auschwitz Protocols.
- Miriam Monsonego, victim of the 2012 Toulouse and Montauban shootings
- Itzhak Nener, jurist and Vice President of Liberal International
- Paul Reichmann, Canadian businessman and member of the Reichmann family
- Yonatan, Arieh, and Gabriel Sandler, victims of the 2012 Toulouse and Montauban shootings
- Yona Bogale, first leader of the Ethiopian Jewish community in Israel
- The 7 Sassoon children killed in a Shabbat fire in Brooklyn NY
- Jacques Lipchitz, modernist sculptor
- Mordechai Omer, director of Tel Aviv Art Museum
- Peretz Smolenskin, writer of the Haskalah movement
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Avni, Eran (13 January 2008). בתי קברות יהודיים בירושלים [Jewish Cemeteries in Jerusalem] (in Hebrew). Machon Yerushalayim Lechaker Yisrael. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
- ^ a b c d Rossoff, Dovid (2005). קדושים אשר בארץ: קברי צדיקים בירושלים ובני ברק [The Holy Ones in the Earth: Graves of Tzaddikim in Jerusalem and Bnei Brak] (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Machon Otzar HaTorah. p. 395.
- ^ a b Wager, Eliyahu (1988). Illustrated Guide to Jerusalem. The Jerusalem Publishing House, Ltd., p. 269.
- ^ a b Zeiger, Asher (1 November 2012). "Jerusalem Decides to Hide a Cemetery". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
- ^ a b Samsonowitz, M. (16 October 2002). "Burial in Jerusalem: The Har Menuchos Cemetery, Part I". Dei'ah VeDibur. Archived from the original on 17 December 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f Samsonowitz, M. (23 October 2002). "Burial in Jerusalem: The Har Menuchos Cemetery, Part II". Dei'ah VeDibur. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f Samsonowitz, M. (30 October 2002). "Burial in Jerusalem: The Har Menuchos Cemetery, Part III". Dei'ah VeDibur. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
- ^ Halle, Charlotte (20 May 2005). "AACI expands J'lem cemetery section following demand". Haaretz. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
- ^ "Jerusalem chief rabbi orders Muslim who sold land to Jews be buried in Jewish cemetery". JNS. 21 November 2018. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
- ^ Nixon, Mignon (1 October 2010). "CLOSE-UP: The Undiscovered County". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2012. (subscription)
- ^ Keyser, Jason (3 October 2003). "Jerusalem Post Office Forwards Letters to God". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 26 March 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2012. (subscription)
- ^ Israel, Yosef (2005). Rescuing the Rebbe of Belz: Belzer Chassidus: History, Rescue and Rebirth. Mesorah Publications, Ltd. p. 512. ISBN 1578190592.
- ^ דאס איז דאך מיין גן עדן - הבית שברחוב חנן ['This is my Gan Eden' – The House on Hanan Street]. Yated Ne'eman, Shabbos Kodesh supplement (in Hebrew). 15 April 2011. p. 101.
- ^ a b Avrohom, A. (8 June 2005). "From Zevhil to Yerushalayim – The Sixtieth Yahrtzeit of the Admor Rabbi Shlomo Goldman of Zevihl – R' Shlomke of Zevihl, zt'l". Dei'ah VeDibur. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
- ^ "Venerated leader of the Erlau Hasidic sect dies at 93". The Times of Israel. 22 February 2016. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
- ^ "Baruch Dayan HaEmes: HaGaon HaRav Dovid Soloveitchik, Z'TL, Thousands Attend Levaya". the Yeshiva World.com. January 31, 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Har HaMenuchot.
- Burial in Jerusalem: The Har HaMenuchot Cemetery
- Kiddush Chelka Ceremony at Har HaMenuchos by the Belz Community
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