Duar War: Difference between revisions

Treaty of Sinchula
Signed	11 November 1865
Location	Sinchula
Effective	11 November 1865
Condition	Bhutanese cessation of withdrawal of claims to suzerainty of Cooch Behar and the Duars
Expiration	1910
Signatories	Sikkim Political Officer Herbert Bruce; The Druk Desi and his ministers
Parties	British India; Bhutan
Ratifiers	Viceroy and Governor-General Sir John Lawrence (British India)
Language	English

Duar War
	; Ashley Eden forced by the Bhutanese to sign a Treaty, 1864. Illustration by A.D. Macromick (1909)
Date	1864–1865
Location	The Koch Hajo and Koch Behar Duars
Result	British Indian victory
Territorial; changes	Bhutan ceded parts of the Assam Duars, Koch Behar Duars, and Dewangiri to British India
Belligerents
United Kingdom India;	Bhutan
Commanders and leaders
Sir John Lawrence	Kagyud Wangchuk (1864); Tshewang Sithub (1865)

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 10:56, 28 November 2024

The Duar War (or Anglo-Bhutanese War) was a war fought between British India and Bhutan in 1864 to 1865. It has been the only military conflict between the two states since 1774.

Background

Across the nineteenth century, British India commissioned multiple missions to Bhutan.^[1] Official documents always cited cross-border raids by Bhutan or sheltering of dissidents as the immediate cause; however, modern historians note Britain's imperialist ambitions in the region to be the actual pretext.^[1] Not only was Bhutan a vital cog in the Indo-Tibetan trade but also the commercial viability of Duars region for supporting tea plantations was well known among Company officials.^[1]

The most significant of these was a "peace mission" under Ashley Eden in 1863–64, which was dispatched in the wake of a civil war.^[1] However, Bhutan rejected the offer and Eden claimed to have been mistreated.^[1]^[2]^[3]

The dzongpon of Punakha – who had emerged victorious – had broken with the central government and set up a rival Druk Desi while the legitimate druk desi sought the protection of the penlop of Paro and was later deposed. The British mission dealt alternately with the rival penlop of Paro and the penlop of Trongsa (the latter acted on behalf of the druk desi).

Battle

Britain declared war in November 1864. Bhutan had no regular army, and what forces existed were composed of dzong guards armed with matchlocks, bows and arrows, swords, knives, and catapults. Some of these dzong guards, carrying shields and wearing chainmail armor, engaged the well-equipped British forces.

The fort, known at the time as Dewangiri, at Deothang was dismantled by the British during 1865. The British initially suffered a humiliating defeat at Deothang and when they recaptured Dewangiri they dismantled the fortress there to deny its use to Bhutanese forces.

The Duar War lasted only five months and, despite some battlefield victories by Bhutanese forces which included the capture of two howitzer guns, resulted in the loss of 20% of Bhutan's territory, and forced cession of formerly occupied territories.^[4] Under the terms of the Treaty of Sinchula, signed 11 November 1865, Bhutan ceded territories in the Assam Duars and Bengal Duars, as well as the 83 km² of territory of Dewangiri in southeastern Bhutan, in return for an annual subsidy of 50,000 rupees. The Treaty of Sinchula stood until 1910, when Bhutan and British India signed the Treaty of Punakha, effective until 1947.

Treaty of Sinchula

Below appears the text of the Treaty of Sinchula.^[5]

On the 11th day of November, 1865
Treaty between His Excellency the Right Honourable Sir John Lawrence, G.C.B., K.S.I., Viceroy and Governor-General of Her Britannic Majesty's possessions in the East Indies, and the one part by Lieutenant Colonel Herbert Bruce, CB, by virtue of full powers to that effect vested in him by the Viceroy and Governor – General, and on the other part by Samdojey Deb Jimpey and Themseyrensey Donai according to full powers conferred on them by the Dhum and Deb Rajahs, 1865.
ARTICLE I There shall henceforth be perpetual peace and friendship between the British Government and the Government of Bhutan.
ARTICLE II Whereas in consequence of repeated aggressions of the Bhutan Government and of the refusal of that Government to afford satisfaction for those aggressions, and for their insulting treatment of the officers sent by His Excellency the Governor-General in Council for the purpose of procuring an amicable adjustment of differences existing between the two states, the British Government has been compelled to seize by an armed force the whole of the Doars and certain Hill Posts protecting the passes into Bhutan, and whereas the Bhutan Government has now expressed its regret for past misconduct and a desire for the establishment of friendly relations with the British Government, it is hereby agreed that the whole of the tract known as the Eighteen Doars, bordering on the districts of Rungpoor, Cooch Behar, and Assam, together with the Taloo of Ambaree Fallcottah and the Hill territory on the left bank of the Teesta up to such points as may be laid down by the British Commissioner appointed for the purpose is ceded by the Bhutan Government to the British Government forever.
ARTICLE III The Bhutan Government hereby agree to surrender all British subjects, as well as subjects of the Chief of Sikkim and Cooch Behar who are now detained in Bhutan against their will, and to place no impediment in the way of the return of all or any of such persons into British territory.
ARTICLE IV In consideration of the cession by the Bhutan Government of the territories specified in Article II of this Treaty, and of the said Government having expressed its regret for past misconduct, and having hereby engaged for the future to restrain all evil disposed persons from committing crimes within British territory or the territories of the Rajahs of Sikkim and Cooch Behar and to give prompt and full redress for all such crimes which may be committed in defiance of their commands, the British Government agree to make an annual allowance to the Government of Bhutan of a sum not exceeding fifty thousand rupees (Rupees 50,000) to be paid to officers not below the rank of Jungpen, who shall be deputed by the Government of Bhutan to receive the same. And it is further hereby agreed that the payments shall be made as specified below:
On the fulfillment by the Bhutan Government of the conditions of this Treaty Twenty Five Thousand Rupees (Rupees 25,000).
On the 10th January following the 1st payment, thirty five thousand rupees (Rupees 35,000)
On the 10th January following, forty-five thousand rupees (Rupees 45,000)
On every succeeding 10th January, fifty thousand rupees (Rupees 50,000)

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Kaul, Nitasha (May 2021). ""Where Is Bhutan?" The Production of Bhutan's Asymmetrical Inbetweenness in Geopolitics". The Journal of Asian Studies. 80 (2): 317–336. doi:10.1017/S0021911820003691. ISSN 0021-9118. S2CID 233908715.
^ Political Missions to Bootan (PDF). Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Office. 1865.
^ Rennie, David Field (1866). Bhotan and the story of the Dooar war (PDF). London: John Murray.
^ Phuntsho, The History of Bhutan (2013)^{[page needed]}
^ Singh, Nagendra (1978). "Appendix VII – The Treaty of Sinchula". Bhutan: a Kingdom in the Himalayas : a study of the land, its people, and their government (2 ed.). Thomson Press Publication Division. p. 243. Retrieved 25 August 2011.

Bibliography

Phuntsho, Karma (2013), The History of Bhutan, Random House India, pp. 405–, ISBN 978-81-8400-411-3
Rennie, Surgeon (1866), Bhotan and the Dooar War, John Murray – via archive.org

[:0-1] Kaul, Nitasha (May 2021). ""Where Is Bhutan?" The Production of Bhutan's Asymmetrical Inbetweenness in Geopolitics". The Journal of Asian Studies. 80 (2): 317–336. doi:10.1017/S0021911820003691. ISSN 0021-9118. S2CID 233908715.

[2] Political Missions to Bootan (PDF). Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Office. 1865.

[3] Rennie, David Field (1866). Bhotan and the story of the Dooar war (PDF). London: John Murray.

[4] Phuntsho, The History of Bhutan (2013)^{[page needed]}

[5] Singh, Nagendra (1978). "Appendix VII – The Treaty of Sinchula". Bhutan: a Kingdom in the Himalayas : a study of the land, its people, and their government (2 ed.). Thomson Press Publication Division. p. 243. Retrieved 25 August 2011.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|War fought between British India and Bhutan in 1864–1865}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
 {{Infobox military conflict
-| conflict    = Bhutan War
+| conflict          = Duar War
-| partof      =
+| partof            =
+| image             = India; (1909) (14566720270).jpg|thumb|India; (1909) (14566720270)
-| image       =
+| caption           = Ashley Eden forced by the Bhutanese to sign a Treaty, 1864. Illustration by A.D. Macromick (1909)
-| caption     =
-| date        = 1864-1865
+| date              = 1864–1865
-| place       = The [[Bengal]] Duars
+| place             = The [[Koch Hajo]] and [[Cooch Behar State|Koch Behar]] [[Dooars|Duars]]
-| territory   = [[Bhutan]] ceded parts of the [[Assam Duars]], [[Bengal Duars]], and [[Dewangiri]] to [[British India]]
+| territory         = [[Bhutan]] ceded parts of the [[Assam Duars]], [[Cooch Behar State|Koch Behar]] Duars, and [[Dewangiri]] to [[British India]]
-| result      = British Indian victory
+| result            = British Indian victory
-| status      =
+| status            =
-| combatant1  = {{flagicon|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]
+| combatant1        = {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}
-*{{flagcountry|British Raj}}
+* {{flagcountry|British Raj}}
-| combatant2  = [[Bhutan]]
+| combatant2        = [[Bhutan]]
-| combatant3  =
+| combatant3        =
-| commander1  = {{flagicon|British Raj}} [[John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence|Sir John Lawrence, Bt]]
+| commander1        = {{flagicon|British Raj}} [[John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence|Sir John Lawrence]]
-| commander2  = [[Kagyud Wangchuk]] (1864)<br> [[Tshewang Sithub]] (1865)
+| commander2        = Kagyud Wangchuk (1864)<br>Tshewang Sithub (1865)
-| commander3  =
+| commander3        =
-| strength1   =
+| strength1         =
-| strength2   =
+| strength2         =
-| strength3   =
+| strength3         =
-| casualties1 =
+| casualties1       =
-| casualties2 =
+| casualties2       =
-| casualties3 =
+| casualties3       =
-| notes       =
+| notes             =
 }}
-The '''Bhutan War''' (or '''Duar War''') was a war fought between [[British Raj|British India]] and [[Bhutan]] in 1864–1865.
+The '''Duar War''' (or '''Anglo-Bhutanese War''') was a war fought between [[British Raj|British India]] and [[Bhutan]] in 1864 to 1865. It has been the only military conflict between the two states since 1774.
+==Background==
+[[File:Southern border of Bhutan1985.jpg|thumb|280px|Southern Boundary of Bhutan in '''blue''' before the  Duar War of 1865]]
+Across the nineteenth century, British India commissioned multiple missions to Bhutan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Kaul|first=Nitasha|date=May 2021|title="Where Is Bhutan?" The Production of Bhutan's Asymmetrical Inbetweenness in Geopolitics|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-asian-studies/article/abs/where-is-bhutan-the-production-of-bhutans-asymmetrical-inbetweenness-in-geopolitics/33F61ECF7846EC1886702ED8A941C210|journal=The Journal of Asian Studies|language=en|volume=80|issue=2|pages=317–336|doi=10.1017/S0021911820003691|s2cid=233908715 |issn=0021-9118}}</ref> Official documents always cited cross-border raids by Bhutan or sheltering of dissidents as the immediate cause; however, modern historians note Britain's imperialist ambitions in the region to be the actual pretext.<ref name=":0"/> Not only was Bhutan a vital cog in the Indo-Tibetan trade but also the commercial viability of [[Dooars|Duars]] region for supporting tea plantations was well known among Company officials.<ref name=":0"/>
+The most significant of these was a "peace mission" under [[Ashley Eden]] in 1863–64, which was dispatched in the wake of a civil war.<ref name=":0"/> However, Bhutan rejected the offer and Eden claimed to have been mistreated.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Political_Missions_to_Bootan,_Comprising_the_Reports_of_the_Hon%27ble_Ashley_Eden,--1864;_Capt._R.B._Pemberton,_1837,_1838,_with_Dr._W._Griffiths%27s_Journal;_and_the_Account_by_Baboo_Kishen_Kant_Bose_WDL2388.pdf|title=Political Missions to Bootan|publisher=Bengal Secretariat Office|year=1865|location=Calcutta|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rennie|first=David Field|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bhotan_and_the_story_of_the_Dooar_War_-_including_sketches_of_a_three_months%27_residence_in_the_Himalayas,_and_narrative_of_a_visit_to_Bhotan_in_May_1865_(IA_b29352150).pdf|title=Bhotan and the story of the Dooar war|publisher=John Murray|year=1866|location=London|language=en}}</ref>
+The [[dzongpon]] of [[Punakha]] – who had emerged victorious – had broken with the central government and set up a rival [[Druk Desi]] while the legitimate druk desi sought the protection of the [[penlop]] of [[Paro District|Paro]] and was later deposed. The British mission dealt alternately with the rival penlop of [[Paro District|Paro]] and the [[penlop of Trongsa]] (the latter acted on behalf of the druk desi).
+== Battle ==
+{{More citations needed section|date=November 2023}}
+Britain declared war in November 1864. Bhutan had no regular army, and what forces existed were composed of [[dzong]] guards armed with [[matchlocks]], bows and arrows, swords, knives, and catapults. Some of these dzong guards, carrying shields and wearing chainmail armor, engaged the well-equipped British forces.
-[[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Britain]] sent a peace mission to Bhutan in early 1864, in the wake of the recent conclusion of a civil war there, under [[Ashley Eden]].<ref>{{DNB Cite|wstitle=Eden, Ashley}}</ref> The [[dzongpon]] of [[Punakha]] – who had emerged victorious – had broken with the central government and set up a rival [[Druk Desi]] while the legitimate druk desi sought the protection of the [[penlop]] of [[Paro District|Paro]] and was later deposed. The British mission dealt alternately with the rival penlop of [[Paro District|Paro]] and the [[penlop of Trongsa]] (the latter acted on behalf of the druk desi), but Bhutan rejected the peace and friendship treaty it offered. Britain declared war in November 1864. Bhutan had no regular army, and what forces existed were composed of [[dzong]] guards armed with [[matchlocks]], bows and arrows, swords, knives, and catapults. Some of these dzong guards, carrying shields and wearing chainmail armor, engaged the well-equipped British forces.
-[[File:India; (1909) (14566720270).jpg|thumbnail|right|Ashley Eden forced by the Bhutanese to sign a Treaty, 1864. Illustration by A.D. Macromick (1909)]]
 [[File:Dewangiri_siege.jpg|thumb|right|Storming of [[Dewangiri]] fort.]]
-The fort, known at the time as [[Dewangiri]], at [[Deothang]] was dismantled by the British during 1865. The British initially suffered a humiliating defeat at Deothang and when they recaptured Dewangiri they destroyed much in an attempt to compensate.
+The fort, known at the time as [[Dewangiri]], at [[Deothang]] was dismantled by the British during 1865. The British initially suffered a humiliating defeat at Deothang and when they recaptured Dewangiri they dismantled the fortress there to deny its use to Bhutanese forces.
-The Duar War (1864–1865) lasted only five months and, despite some battlefield victories by Bhutanese forces, resulted in Bhutan's defeat, loss of part of its sovereign territory, and forced cession of formerly occupied territories. Under the terms of the '''Treaty of Sinchula''', signed November 11, 1865, Bhutan ceded territories in the [[Assam]] [[Duars]] and [[West Bengal|Bengal]] [[Duars]], as well as the 83&nbsp;km² of territory of Dewangiri in southeastern Bhutan, in return for an annual subsidy of 50,000 [[rupee]]s. The Treaty of Sinchula stood until 1910, when Bhutan and British India signed the [[Treaty of Punakha]], effective until 1947.
+The Duar War lasted only five months and, despite some battlefield victories by Bhutanese forces which included the capture of two howitzer guns, resulted in the loss of 20% of Bhutan's territory, and forced cession of formerly occupied territories.<ref>{{harvp|Phuntsho, The History of Bhutan|2013}}{{page needed|date=January 2021}}</ref> Under the terms of the Treaty of Sinchula, signed 11 November 1865, Bhutan ceded territories in the [[Assam]] [[Duars]] and [[West Bengal|Bengal]] [[Duars]], as well as the 83&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> of territory of Dewangiri in southeastern Bhutan, in return for an annual subsidy of 50,000 [[rupee]]s. The Treaty of Sinchula stood until 1910, when Bhutan and British India signed the [[Treaty of Punakha]], effective until 1947.
 ==Treaty of Sinchula==
@@ Line 39: / Line 51: @@
 | long_name           =
 | date_drafted        =
-| date_signed         = {{Start date|1865|11|11}}
+| date_signed         = {{Start date|df=yes|1865|11|11}}
 | location_signed     = Sinchula
 | date_sealed         =
-| date_effective      = November 11, 1865
+| date_effective      = 11 November 1865
 | condition_effective = Bhutanese cessation of withdrawal of claims to suzerainty of [[Cooch Behar]] and the [[Duars]]
 | date_expiration     = 1910
-| signatories         = [[Sikkim]] Political Officer [[Herbert Bruce (British Army officer)|Herbert Bruce]]; [[Druk Gyalpo|Bhutanese King]] [[Ugyen Wangchuck]] and his ministers
+| signatories         = [[Sikkim]] Political Officer Herbert Bruce; The Druk Desi and his ministers
 | parties             = [[British India]]; [[Bhutan]]
 | ratifiers           = Viceroy and Governor-General [[John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence|Sir John Lawrence]] ([[British India]])
@@ Line 52: / Line 64: @@
 | wikisource          =
 }}
-Below appears the text of the '''Treaty of Sinchula'''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Bhutan: a Kingdom in the Himalayas : a study of the land, its people, and their government |first1=Nagendra |last1=Singh |author2=[[Jawaharlal Nehru University]] |edition=2 |chapter=Appendix VII – The Treaty of Sinchula |page=243 |publisher=Thomson Press Publication Division |year=1978 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TSRuAAAAMAAJ |accessdate=2011-08-25}}</ref>
+Below appears the text of the '''Treaty of Sinchula'''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Bhutan: a Kingdom in the Himalayas : a study of the land, its people, and their government |first1=Nagendra |last1=Singh |edition=2 |chapter=Appendix VII – The Treaty of Sinchula |page=243 |publisher=Thomson Press Publication Division |year=1978 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TSRuAAAAMAAJ |access-date=2011-08-25}}</ref>
-{{quote|On the 11th day of November, 1865
+{{blockquote|On the 11th day of November, 1865
-Treaty between His Excellency the Right Honourable Sir John Lawrence, G.C.B., K.S.I., Viceroy and Governor-General of Her Britannic Majesty's possessions in the East Indies, and the one part by [[Herbert Bruce (British Army officer)|Lieutenant Colonel Herbert Bruce]], CB, by virtue of full powers to that effect vested in him by the Viceroy and Governor – General, and on the other part by Samdojey Deb Jimpey and Themseyrensey Donai according to full powers conferred on them by the Dhum and [[Druk Desi|Deb Rajahs]], 1865.
+Treaty between His Excellency the Right Honourable Sir John Lawrence, G.C.B., K.S.I., Viceroy and Governor-General of Her Britannic Majesty's possessions in the East Indies, and the one part by Lieutenant Colonel Herbert Bruce, CB, by virtue of full powers to that effect vested in him by the Viceroy and Governor – General, and on the other part by Samdojey Deb Jimpey and Themseyrensey Donai according to full powers conferred on them by the Dhum and [[Druk Desi|Deb Rajahs]], 1865.
-ARTICLE I There shall henceforth be perpetual peace and friendship between the British Government and the Government of Bhootan.
+ARTICLE I There shall henceforth be perpetual peace and friendship between the British Government and the Government of Bhutan.
-ARTICLE II Whereas in consequence of repeated aggressions of the Bhootan Government and of the refusal of that Government to afford satisfaction for those aggressions, and for their insulting treatment of the officers sent by His Excellency the Governor-General in Council for the purpose of procuring an amicable adjustment of differences existing between the two states, the British Government has been compelled to seize by an armed force the whole of the Doars and certain Hill Posts protecting the passes into Bhootan, and whereas the Bhootan Government has now expressed its regret for past misconduct and a desire for the establishment of friendly relations with the British Government, it is hereby agreed that the whole of the tract known as the Eighteen Doars, bordering on the districts of Rungpoor, Cooch Behar, and Assam, together with the Taloo of Ambaree Fallcottah and the Hill territory on the left bank of the Teesta up to such points as may be laid down by the British Commissioner appointed for the purpose is ceded by the Bhootan Government to the British Government forever.
+ARTICLE II Whereas in consequence of repeated aggressions of the Bhutan Government and of the refusal of that Government to afford satisfaction for those aggressions, and for their insulting treatment of the officers sent by His Excellency the Governor-General in Council for the purpose of procuring an amicable adjustment of differences existing between the two states, the British Government has been compelled to seize by an armed force the whole of the Doars and certain Hill Posts protecting the passes into Bhutan, and whereas the Bhutan Government has now expressed its regret for past misconduct and a desire for the establishment of friendly relations with the British Government, it is hereby agreed that the whole of the tract known as the Eighteen Doars, bordering on the districts of Rungpoor, Cooch Behar, and Assam, together with the Taloo of Ambaree Fallcottah and the Hill territory on the left bank of the Teesta up to such points as may be laid down by the British Commissioner appointed for the purpose is ceded by the Bhutan Government to the British Government forever.
-ARTICLE III The Bhootan Government hereby agree to surrender all British subjects, as well as subjects of the Chief of Sikkim and Cooch Behar who are now detained in Bhootan against their will, and to place no impediment in the way of the return of all or any of such persons into British territory.
+ARTICLE III The Bhutan Government hereby agree to surrender all British subjects, as well as subjects of the Chief of Sikkim and Cooch Behar who are now detained in Bhutan against their will, and to place no impediment in the way of the return of all or any of such persons into British territory.
-ARTICLE IV In consideration of the cession by the Bhootan Government of the territories specified in Article II of this Treaty, and of the said Government having expressed its regret for past misconduct, and having hereby engaged for the future to restrain all evil disposed persons from committing crimes within British territory or the territories of the Rajahs of Sikkim and Cooch Behar and to give prompt and full redress for all such crimes which may be committed in defiance of their commands, the British Government agree to make an annual allowance to the Government of Bhootan of a sum not exceeding fifty thousand rupees (Rupees 50,000) to be paid to officers not below the rank of Jungpen, who shall be deputed by the Government of Bhootan to receive the same. And it is further hereby agreed that the payments shall be made as specified below:
+ARTICLE IV In consideration of the cession by the Bhutan Government of the territories specified in Article II of this Treaty, and of the said Government having expressed its regret for past misconduct, and having hereby engaged for the future to restrain all evil disposed persons from committing crimes within British territory or the territories of the Rajahs of Sikkim and Cooch Behar and to give prompt and full redress for all such crimes which may be committed in defiance of their commands, the British Government agree to make an annual allowance to the Government of Bhutan of a sum not exceeding fifty thousand rupees (Rupees 50,000) to be paid to officers not below the rank of Jungpen, who shall be deputed by the Government of Bhutan to receive the same. And it is further hereby agreed that the payments shall be made as specified below:
-On the fulfillment by the Bhootan Government of the conditions of this Treaty Twenty Five Thousand Rupees (Rupees 25,000).
+On the fulfillment by the Bhutan Government of the conditions of this Treaty Twenty Five Thousand Rupees (Rupees 25,000).
 On the 10th January following the 1st payment, thirty five thousand rupees (Rupees 35,000)
@@ Line 79: / Line 91: @@
 ==References==
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist}}
+==Bibliography==
+* {{citation |last=Phuntsho |first=Karma |title=The History of Bhutan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aUDAAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT405 |year=2013 |publisher=Random House India |isbn=978-81-8400-411-3 |pages=405– |ref={{sfnref|Phuntsho, The History of Bhutan|2013}}}}
+* {{citation |last=Rennie |first=Surgeon |title=Bhotan and the Dooar War |publisher=John Murray |year=1866 |url=https://archive.org/details/b29352150 |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|Rennie, Bhotan and the Dooar War|1866}}}}
 {{Bhutan topics}}
 {{British colonial campaigns}}
+{{Authority control}}
 [[Category:Conflicts in 1864]]
@@ Line 88: / Line 105: @@
 [[Category:Wars involving Bhutan]]
 [[Category:Wars involving the United Kingdom]]
-[[Category:Battles involving British India]]
+[[Category:Wars involving British India]]
 [[Category:History of the Bengal Sappers]]
 [[Category:1864 in Bhutan]]
@@ Line 96: / Line 113: @@
 [[Category:Bhutan–India relations]]
 [[Category:Bhutan–United Kingdom military relations]]
+[[Category:1864 in British India]]
+[[Category:1865 in British India]]

v t e Colonial conflicts involving the English/British Empire
17th century	Ireland (1593–1603) Virginia (1609–46) Swally (1612) Ormuz (1622) Saint Kitts (1626) Quebec (1628) Pequot War (1634–38) Irish Rebellion (1641) Confederate War (1641–53) Cromwellian conquest of Ireland (1649–53) Acadia (1654–67) Anglo-Spanish War (1654–60) Jamaica (1655–1739) 1st Tangier (1662) 2nd Tangier (1664) King Philip's War (1675–78) Child's War (1686–90) Siam (1687) Williamite War (1688–91) King William's War (1688–97) Ghana (1694–1700)
18th century	Queen Anne's War (1702–13) Tuscarora War (1711–15) Yamasee War (1715–17) Father Rale's War/Dummer's War (1722–25) War of Jenkins' Ear (1740–42) King George's War (1744–48) Carnatic Wars (1746–63) Nova Scotia (1749–55) French and Indian War (1754–63) Seven Years' War (1756–63) Bengal War (1756–65) Anglo-Cherokee War (1758–61) Jamaica (1762) Anglo-Spanish War (1762–63) Pontiac's War (1763–66) Regulator Movement in North Carolina (1765–71) First Carib War (1769–73) Rohilkhand (1773–74) Lord Dunmore's War (1774) American Revolutionary War (1775–83) First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–82) Second Anglo-Mysore War (1779–84) Gold Coast (1781–82) Assam (1786) Australian frontier wars (1788–1934) Nootka Sound (1789) Third Anglo-Mysore War (1789–92) Cotiote (Wayanad) War (1793–1806) Rohilkhand (1794) Cape Colony (1795) Jamaica (1795–96) Grenada (1795–96) Ceylon (1795) Kandyan Wars (1796–1818) Irish Rebellion (1798) Malta (1798–1800) Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1798–99) Dwyer's guerrilla campaign (1799–1803) Polygar Wars (1799–1805)
19th century	Newfoundland (1800) Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–05) Castle Hill convict rebellion (1804) Surinam (1804) Cape Colony (1806) Río de la Plata (1806–07) Egypt (1807) Froberg mutiny (1807) Santo Domingo (1808–09) Martinique (1809) Persian Gulf (1809) Guadeloupe (1810) Reunion (1810) Mauritius (1810) Seychelles (1810) Spice Islands (1810) Java (1810–11) Xhosa Wars (1811–79) USA (1812–15) Nepal (1814–16) Guadeloupe (1815) Cape Colony (1815) Algiers (1816) Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–18) Persian Gulf (1819) Guiana (1823) Anglo-Ashanti wars (1824–1901) First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–26) Black War (Van Diemen's Land) (1828–32) Jamaica (1831–32) Malacca (1831–33) Lower Canada (1837–38) Upper Canada (1837–38) Aden Expedition (1839) Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–41) First Anglo-Afghan War (1839–42) First Opium War (1839–42) New Zealand Wars (1845–72) First Anglo-Sikh War (1845–46) Río de la Plata (1845–50) Canton (1847) British Honduras (1847–1901) Ceylon (1848) Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848–49) Second Anglo-Burmese War (1852) Eureka Rebellion (1854) Åland War (1854–56) Anglo-Persian War (1856–57) Second Opium War (1856–60) Indian Rebellion (1857–59) Revolt of Rajab Ali (1857–58) Kagoshima (1863) Ambela campaign (1863–64) Shimonoseki (1864) Duar War (1864–65) Fenian Rebellion in Canada (1866–71) Abyssinia (1868) Manitoba (1870) Perak (1875–76) Anglo-Zulu War (1879) Second Anglo-Afghan War (1879–80) Basutoland (1880–81) First Boer War (1880–81) Mahdist War (1881–99) Anglo-Egyptian War (1882) Saskatchewan (1885) Third Anglo-Burmese War (1885) Central Africa (1886–89) Hazara (1888) Mashonaland (1890) Hunza–Nagar Campaign (1891) Anglo-Manipur War (1891) Pahang Uprising (1891–1895) Matabeleland (1893–94) North Borneo (1894–1905) Chitral Expedition (1895) Jameson Raid South Africa (1896) Anglo-Zanzibar War (1896) Matabeleland (1896–97) Benin Expedition (1897) Siege of Malakand (1897) First Mohmand campaign (1897–98) Tirah campaign (1897–98) Six-Day War (1899) Boxer Rebellion (1898–1901) Second Boer War (1899–1902)
20th century	Somaliland (1900–20) West Africa (1901–02) Tibet expedition (1903–04) Bambatha Rebellion (1906) Maritz rebellion (1914–15) Tochi (1914–15) Nyasaland (1915) Nigeria (1915) Peshawar (1915) Mohmand (1916–17) Quebec (1917) Nigeria (1918) Third Anglo-Afghan War (1919) Waziristan campaign (1919–20) Iraqi Revolt (1920) Malabar rebellion (1921) Kurdistan (1922–24) Transjordan (1923) Pink's War (1925) Ikhwan revolt (1927–30) Tirah (1930–31) Barzani revolt (1931–32) Second Mohmand campaign (1935) Arab revolt in Palestine (1936–39) Waziristan campaign (1936–39) Ethiopia (1943) Jewish revolt in Palestine (1944–48) Indochina (1945–46) Indonesia (1945) Sarawak (1946–50) Malayan Emergency (1948–60) Kenya Emergency (1952–60) Oman (1954–59) Cyprus Emergency (1955–59) Suez Crisis (1956) Oman (1962–76) Brunei (1962) Sarawak (1962–90) Malaysia (1962–66) Aden (1963–67) Falklands (1982)