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{{more citations needed|date=November 2012}}
The '''Brazilian Republican Party''' ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Partido Republicano Brasileiro'') is a [[Brazil|Brazilian]] [[political party]]. Its [[electoral number]] is 10 and it became a registered political party on [[August 25]], [[2005]]. The [[Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus]] (God's Kingdom Universal Church) uses the party to elect its bishops in Brazilian elections.
{{Infobox political party
| country = Brazil
| name = Republicans
| native_name = Republicanos
| logo = Republicanosbrasil.png
| colorcode = {{party color|Republicans (Brazil)}}
| president = [[Marcos Pereira (politician)|Marcos Pereira]]
| secretary_general = Evandro Garla
| founder = [[Marcelo Crivella]]
| foundation = {{start date and age|2003|12|16|df=y}}
| registered = {{start date and age|2005|08|25|df=y}}
| religion = [[Catholic Church]] (majority)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://opiniao.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,russomanno-o-catolico-imp-,932142|title=Russomanno, o católico - Opinião|website=Estadão}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://g1.globo.com/sao-paulo/eleicoes/2012/noticia/2012/09/russomanno-do-prb-e-entrevistado-pelo-sptv.html|title=Russomanno é entrevistado pelo SPTV|first=Do G1|last=SP|date=September 20, 2012|website=Eleições 2012 em São Paulo}}</ref><br />[[Universal Church of the Kingdom of God]] (supported)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,mec-autoriza-funcionamento-de-faculdade-de-partido-ligado-a-universal,70002601875|title=MEC autoriza funcionamento de faculdade de partido ligado à Universal - Política|website=Estadão}}</ref>
| ideology = [[Social conservatism]]<ref name=":1" /><br>[[Economic liberalism]]<ref name="congresso" />
| position = [[Centre-right politics|Centre-right]] to [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]]
| youth_wing = Jovens Republicanos
| womens_wing = Mulheres Republicanas
| wing1_title = Elders' wing
| wing1 = Idosos Republicanos
| think_tank = Fundação Republicana Brasileira
| membership = 495,136 (2022)
| headquarters = SDS-Setor de Diversão Sul-Ed. Miguel Badia, 30-Bloco L-3º Andar, Sala 320-[[Brasília]]/DF, [[Brazil]]
| colours = {{colorbox|#000099|border=silver}} Navy Blue <br />{{colorbox|#008200|border=silver}} Green <br /> {{colorbox|#FFCC00|border=silver}} Yellow
| blank1_title = TSE Identification Number
| blank1 = 10
| seats1_title = [[Municipalities of Brazil|Mayors]]
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|212|5570|{{party color|Republicans (Brazil)}}}}
| seats2_title = [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]]
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|40|513|{{party color|Republicans (Brazil)}}}}
| seats3_title = [[Federal Senate (Brazil)|Federal Senate]]
| seats3 = {{Composition bar|4|81|{{party color|Republicans (Brazil)}}}}
| seats4_title = [[Mercosur Parliament]]
| seats4 = {{Composition bar|3|38|{{party color|Republicans (Brazil)}}}}
| seats5_title = [[Legislative assembly|State Assemblies]]
| seats5 = {{Composition bar|42|1024|{{party color|Republicans (Brazil)}}}}
| seats6_title = City Councillors
| seats6 = {{Composition bar|2601|56810|{{party color|Republicans (Brazil)}}}}
| symbol = [[File:Marca Republicanos10 semtexto.png|170px]]
| slogan = "The real conservative party of Brazil"
| website = {{URL|republicanos10.org.br/}}
}}
The '''Republicans'''<ref name=":5">{{cite web|url=https://www.poder360.com.br/partidos-politicos/tse-autoriza-mudanca-do-prb-para-republicanos/|title=TSE autoriza mudança do PRB para Republicanos|publisher=Poder360|language=pt|date=15 August 2019|access-date=27 August 2019}}</ref> ({{Langx|pt|Republicanos}}), formerly the '''Brazilian Republican Party''' ({{langx|pt|Partido Republicano Brasileiro|links=no}}, PRB) and originally formed as the '''Municipalist Renewal Party''' ({{langx|pt|Partido Municipalista Renovador|links=no}}, PMR), is a Brazilian [[political party]]. Its [[Electoral number (Brazil)|electoral number]], the numerical assignment for Brazilian political parties, is 10.


The party is [[Social conservatism|socially conservative]] and [[economically liberal]],<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":1" /> and also has a strong association with the [[evangelical]] [[Universal Church of the Kingdom of God]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> As the PRB, it was the party of former [[Vice President of Brazil]] [[José Alencar]], where it was part of [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's]] government.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-03-11|date=2016-04-12|language=pt-br|title=Presidente do PRB anuncia que bancada votará pelo impeachment|url=http://g1.globo.com/politica/processo-de-impeachment-de-dilma/noticia/2016/04/presidente-do-prb-anuncia-que-bancada-votara-pelo-impeachment.html|website=G1}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> While it also supported [[Dilma Rousseff]] until [[Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff|her impeachment]],<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-03-11|date=2016-03-16|language=pt-br|title=PRB rompe com Dilma e é primeiro partido a deixar base do governo|url=http://noticias.r7.com/brasil/prb-rompe-com-dilma-e-e-primeiro-partido-a-deixar-base-do-governo-17032016|website=R7}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> it was one of the closest allies of the [[Bolsonaro government]].<ref name=":02">{{cite web|access-date=2023-07-24|date=2022-11-23|first=Luiz Felipe|language=pt-br|last=Barbiéri|title=Integrante da base de Bolsonaro, Republicanos diz que será independente no governo Lula|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2022/11/23/integrante-da-base-de-bolsonaro-republicanos-diz-que-atuara-como-independente-no-governo-lula.ghtml|website=G1}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>
[[Category:Political parties in Brazil]]


==History==
[[pt:Partido Republicano Brasileiro]]
The party was founded in August 2005 as the Municipalist Renovator Party by pastors of the [[Universal Church of the Kingdom of God]].<ref> Bruno Gomes,
[https://www.cairn.info/revue-herodote-2005-4-page-49.htm Les évangéliques au Brésil : stratégies territoriales et participation politique], Hérodote, vol. no 119, no. 4, 2005, p. 70-71</ref> Lula's [[Vice President of Brazil|Vice President]] [[José Alencar]] moved to PRB on 2005 after leaving the [[Liberal Party (Brazil, 1985)|Liberal Party]].<ref> Cristina Horta,[https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/brasil/fc3009200502.htm ESCÂNDALO DO "MENSALÃO"/RUMO A 2006], folha.uol.com.br, Brazil, September 30, 2005</ref> In March 2006, the party was renamed the Brazilian Republican Party.


The Brazilian Republican Party first fought against President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, then rallied behind him after his re-election in 2006. According to one study, the PRB was supportive of the Lula da Silva and Rousseff presidencies “on the basis of their concern for social democracy and for eliminating inequality.”<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iC_VBQAAQBAJ&q=brazil+republican+party+PRB+centre-left&pg=PA183 | title=Political Handbook of the World 2014| isbn=9781483386263| last1=Lansford| first1=Tom| date=2014-03-20| publisher=SAGE Publications}}</ref> However, later the PRB started to join the new rising wave of conservativism and anti-[[Workers' Party (Brazil)|petism]]<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> in Brazil and all of the PRB's deputies voted in favor of [[Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff|Dilma's impeachment]].
{{Brazil-stub}}

{{Politics-stub}}
They then supported the government of [[Michel Temer]]. In the 2018 presidential election, the Brazilian Republican Party supported the candidate of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party, [[Geraldo Alckmin]]. Afterwards the party started to switch its support to President [[Jair Bolsonaro]],<ref name=":2">{{cite web |url=https://agenceglobal.com/2020/08/31/anne-vigna-brazils-religious-media-political-complex/ |title = Anne Vigna, "Brazil's religious-media-political complex"}}</ref> reflecting their strong ideological affinity.<ref name=":2" /> For the [[2022 Brazilian general election]], the Republicans formed a coalition with the [[Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)|Liberal Party]] (PL) and the [[Progressistas|Progressives]] (PP) in order to support [[Jair Bolsonaro 2022 presidential campaign|Jair Bolsonaro's 2022 presidential campaign]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Em ato com Bolsonaro e líderes do Centrão, PP aprova aliança com PL e apoio à reeleição do presidente |url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2022/noticia/2022/07/27/em-ato-com-bolsonaro-e-lideres-do-centrao-pp-aprova-alianca-com-pl-e-apoio-a-reeleicao-do-presidente.ghtml |access-date=2022-10-23 |website=G1 |date=27 July 2022 |language=pt-br}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2022-07-30 |title=Partido Republicanos oficializa apoio à candidatura de Jair Bolsonaro |url=https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2022-07/partido-republicanos-oficializa-apoio-candidatura-de-jair-bolsonaro |access-date=2022-10-23 |website=Agência Brasil |language=pt-br}}</ref> Candidates launched by the Republicans had their image heavily associated and sometimes were endorsed by Bolsonaro.

In August 2019, the Brazilian Republican Party changed its name into Republicanos.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.poder360.com.br/partidos-politicos/tse-autoriza-mudanca-do-prb-para-republicanos/|title=TSE autoriza mudança do PRB para Republicanos|date=2019-08-15|website=Poder360|language=pt-br|access-date=2019-10-22}}</ref> Justifying as "the name change reinforces the reformulation of the party's program and statutes... consolidating its position as a party conservative in customs and liberal in the economy”,<ref name="congresso">{{Cite web |date=2019-08-16 |title=PRB passa a se chamar "Republicanos" |url=https://congressoemfoco.uol.com.br/area/congresso-nacional/prb-passa-a-se-chamar-republicanos/ |access-date=2022-10-23 |website=Congresso em Foco |language=pt-BR}}</ref> seeking to emulate the [[American Republican Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRB anuncia mudança para Republicanos e será 8º partido a trocar de nome |url=https://veja.abril.com.br/politica/prb-anuncia-mudanca-para-republicanos-e-sera-8o-partido-a-trocar-de-nome/ |access-date=2022-10-23 |website=VEJA |language=pt-BR}}</ref> The name change came with a manifesto adopting a resolutely socially conservative position defending Christian values, the traditional family and private property.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Maia |first=Dominique |date=2022-07-06 |title=História do Republicanos: o verdadeiro Partido Conservador? {{!}} Politize! |url=https://www.politize.com.br/republicanos/ |access-date=2022-10-18 |language=pt-BR}}</ref>

== Participation ==
The party leader {{As of|2024|lc=y}} was [[Marcos Pereira (politician)|Marcos Pereira]].

The party's most important members are Bishop [[Marcelo Crivella]], [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] [[Senate of Brazil|senator]] and nephew of Universal's founder Bishop [[Edir Macedo]], journalist [[Celso Russomanno]]<ref name="jbbr">{{cite web|url=http://www.jb.com.br/eleicoes-2012/noticias/2012/05/08/longe-do-pp-celso-russomanno-diz-que-eleitorado-de-maluf-e-bem-vindo/|title=Longe do PP, Celso Russomanno diz que eleitorado de Maluf é bem-vindo|work=JB |date= 8 May 2012}}</ref> and former [[Vice-President]] [[José Alencar]]. Famous football player Ronaldinho, also known as [[Ronaldo de Assis Moreira]], joined the party in March 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/mar/21/soccer-great-ronaldinho-joins-conservative-brazilian-party|title=Brazil World Cup winner Ronaldinho joins evangelical conservative party|date=March 21, 2018|website=the Guardian}}</ref>

== Statistics ==
In 2022, it had 495,136 members.<ref>Tribunal Superior Eleitoral, [https://www.tse.jus.br/eleicoes/estatisticas/estatisticas-de-eleitorado/filiados Estatísticas do eleitorado – Eleitores filiados] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513163952/http://www.tse.jus.br/eleicoes/estatisticas/estatisticas-de-eleitorado/filiados |date=2018-05-13 }}, tse.jus.br, Brazil, accessed January 14, 2023</ref>

In 2012, 80% of its members were Catholic and 20% evangelical, including six from the universal Church.<ref>{{Cite web|first1=César Tralli |last1=Klett|url=http://g1.globo.com/sao-paulo/eleicoes/2012/noticia/2012/09/russomanno-do-prb-e-entrevistado-pelo-sptv.html|title=Russomanno é entrevistado pelo SPTV|first2=Do G1|last2=SP|date=September 20, 2012|website= g1.globo.com }}</ref>

== Ideology ==
{{Conservatism in Brazil|Parties}}
The party defines itself as "[[Socially conservative]] but [[economically liberal]]", defending Christian values, the traditional family and private property.<ref name=":3" /> The party aligned itself with [[Jair Bolsonaro]] during [[Bolsonaro government|his government from 2018 to 2022]].<ref name=":4" />

Some commentators say that the [[Universal Church of the Kingdom of God]] (UCKG), a [[neo-charismatic]] church that is organized like a business enterprise, has used the party as a base for its bishops to run for political office. According to the emeritus professor of political sciences from the [[University of Brasília]], [[David Fleischer]], "The PRB is an evangelical party."<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/mar/21/soccer-great-ronaldinho-joins-conservative-brazilian-party|title=Brazil World Cup winner Ronaldinho joins evangelical conservative party|first=Dom|last=Phillips|newspaper=The Guardian |date=March 21, 2018|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref> Several members, such as Celso Russomanno,<ref name="jbbr" /> are Catholic. Several leading members, such as Edir Macedo and Marcelo Crivella, have expressed statements of [[Christian fundamentalism]] and religious intolerance. A UN report accused members of the UCKG of verbal and physical attacks on members of the [[Umbanda]] and [[Candomblé]] religions.<ref name="ipsnews" /> Macedo considered participating in presidential elections in order to transform Brazil into a [[Theocracy|theocratic]] state.<ref name="ipsnews">{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2009/07/religion-brazil-intolerance-denounced-at-un/|title=RELIGION-BRAZIL: Intolerance Denounced At UN|last=Frayssinet|first=Fabiana|publisher=Interpress Service|date=3 July 2009}}</ref>

As mayor of [[Rio de Janeiro]], Crivella called the [[Rio Carnival|Carnival of Rio de Janeiro]] an "un-Christian excess" and ordered severe financial cuts for the organisers.<ref>Philipp Lichterbeck: [https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/panorama/brasilien-droht-dem-karneval-in-rio-das-aus/20747926.html ''Brasilien: Droht dem Karneval das Aus?''] In: ''[[Der Tagesspiegel]]'' 19 December 2017</ref> Furthermore, he is known for statements of religious intolerance. In his 1999 book ''Evangelizing Africa'', he claimed that homosexuality is a "terrible evil," that Catholics are "demonic", that African religions are based on "evil spirits," and that Hindus drink their children's blood.<ref name=ft>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/7430b300-98fe-11e6-b8c6-568a43813464|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221211221233/https://www.ft.com/content/7430b300-98fe-11e6-b8c6-568a43813464|archive-date=December 11, 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=Brazil's evangelicals push politics to the right|last=Leahy|first=Joe|date=October 24, 2016|website=Financial Times|access-date=March 15, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/rio-de-janeiro-mayor-evangelical-bishop-called-gay-people-evil-marcelo-crivella-a7393246.html|title=Rio de Janeiro elects mayor who said homosexuality is 'evil'|last=Samuels|first=Gabriel|date=November 2, 2016|website=The Independent|access-date=March 15, 2018}}</ref> He has since tried to distance himself from the book, saying that it was the work of a young, immature missionary.<ref name=ft/>

== Electoral history ==

=== Presidential elections ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |Election
! rowspan="2" |Candidate
! rowspan="2" |Running mate
! rowspan="2" |Coalition
! colspan="2" |First round
! colspan="2" |Second round
! rowspan="2" |Result
|-
!Votes
!%
!Votes
!%
|-
|[[2006 Brazilian general election|2006]]
|[[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] ([[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]])
|[[José Alencar]] (PRB)
|[[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]]; PRB; [[Communist Party of Brazil|PCdoB]]
|46,662,365
|48.6% (#1)
|58,295,042
|60.8% (#1)
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|-
|[[2010 Brazilian presidential election|2010]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Dilma Rousseff]] ([[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]])
| rowspan="2" |[[Michel Temer]] ([[Brazilian Democratic Movement|PMDB]])
|[[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]]; [[Brazilian Democratic Movement|PMDB]]; [[Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)|PR]]; [[Brazilian Socialist Party|PSB]]; [[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|PDT]]; [[Communist Party of Brazil|PCdoB]]; [[Social Christian Party (Brazil)|PSC]]; PRB; [[Christian Labour Party|PTC]]; [[Podemos (Brazil)|PTN]]
|47,651,434
|46.9% (#1)
|55,752,529
|56.1% (#1)
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|-
|[[2014 Brazilian presidential election|2014]]
|[[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]]; [[Brazilian Democratic Movement|PMDB]]; [[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011)|PSD]]; [[Progressives (Brazil)|PP]]; [[Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)|PR]]; [[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|PDT]]; PRB; [[Republican Party of the Social Order|PROS]]; [[Communist Party of Brazil|PCdoB]]
|43,267,668
|41.6% (#1)
|54,501,118
|51.6 % (#1)
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|-
|[[2018 Brazilian presidential election|2018]]
|[[Geraldo Alckmin]] ([[Brazilian Social Democracy Party|PSDB]])
|[[Ana Amélia Lemos|Ana Amélia]] ([[Progressistas|PP]])
|[[Brazilian Social Democracy Party|PSDB]]; [[Progressistas|PP]]; [[Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)|PR]]; PRB; [[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011)|PSD]]; [[Solidariedade|SD]]; [[Democrats (Brazil)|DEM]]; [[Brazilian Labour Party (current)|PTB]]; [[Cidadania|PPS]]
|5,096,350
|4,76% (#4)
| -
| -
|'''Lost''' {{Nay}}
|-
|[[2022 Brazilian general election|2022]]
|[[Jair Bolsonaro]] ([[Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)|PL]])
|[[Walter Souza Braga Netto|Walter Braga Netto]] ([[Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)|PL]])
|[[Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)|PL]]; [[Progressistas|PP]]; Republicanos
|51,072,345
|43,2% (#2)
|58,206,354
|49,1% (#2)
|'''Lost''' {{Nay}}
|-
| colspan="9" |<small>Source: [http://electionresources.org/br/president.php?election=1994&state=BR Election Resources: Federal Elections in Brazil – Results Lookup]</small>
|}

===Legislative elections===
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan="2"|Election
!colspan="4"|[[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]]
!colspan="4"|[[Brazilian Senate|Federal Senate]]
!rowspan="2"|'''Role in government'''
|-
!'''Votes'''
!'''%'''
!'''Seats'''
!+/–
!'''Votes'''
!'''%'''
!'''Seats'''
!+/–
|-
![[2006 Brazilian general election|2006]]
|align="center"|244,059
|align="center"|0.26%
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|1|513|hex={{party color|Brazilian Republican Party}}}}
|New
|align="center"|264,155
|align="center"|0.31%
| style="text-align:center;" |{{composition bar|2|81|hex={{party color|Brazilian Republican Party}}}}
|New
|{{yes2|Coalition}}
|-
![[2010 Brazilian legislative election|2010]]
|align="center"|1,633,500
|align="center"|1.69%
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|7|513|hex={{party color|Brazilian Republican Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 6
|align="center"|3,332,886
|align="center"|1.96%
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|1|81|hex={{party color|Brazilian Republican Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 1
|{{yes2|Coalition}}
|-
![[2014 Brazilian general election|2014]]
|align="center"|4,423,993
|align="center"|4.55%
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|21|513|hex={{party color|Brazilian Republican Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 13
|align="center"|301,162
|align="center"|0.34%
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|1|81|hex={{party color|Brazilian Republican Party}}}}
|{{steady}} 0
|{{yes2|Coalition}}
|-
![[2018 Brazilian general election|2018]]
|align="center"|4,992,016
|align="center"|5.08%
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|30|513|hex={{party color|Brazilian Republican Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 9
|align="center"|1,505,607
|align="center"|0.88%
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|1|81|hex={{party color|Brazilian Republican Party}}}}
|{{steady}} 0
|{{yes2|Coalition}}
|-
![[2022 Brazilian general election|2022]]
|align="center"|7,618,108
|align="center"|6.91%
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|42|513|hex={{party color|Republicans (Brazil)}}}}
|{{increase}} 12
|align="center"|4,259,279
|align="center"|4.19%
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|3|81|hex={{party color|Republicans (Brazil)}}}}
|{{increase}} 2
|{{partial|Independent}}
|-
|colspan="10"|<small>Sources: [http://electionresources.org/br/deputies.php?election=1998&state=BR Election Resources], [https://web.archive.org/web/20110515095756/http://jaironicolau.iesp.uerj.br/banco2004.html Dados Eleitorais do Brasil (1982–2006)]</small>
|}
{{Notelist}}

== Notable members ==

=== Current ===
* [[Hamilton Mourão]] - Vice President of Brazil (2019–2023) and [[Federal Senate (Brazil)|Senator]] for [[Rio Grande do Sul]] (2023–present)
* [[Marcos Pereira (politician)|Marcos Pereira]] - Vice-President of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]] (2019–present); [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] (2019–present); President of Republicans (2018–present); [[Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade|Minister of Industry, Foreign Trade and Services]] (2016–2018)
* [[Damares Alves]] - [[Federal Senate (Brazil)|Senator]] for the [[Federal District (Brazil)|Federal District]] (2023-present)
* [[Marcelo Crivella]] - [[Mayor of Rio de Janeiro|Mayor]] of [[Rio de Janeiro]] (2017–2021); [[Ministry of Fishing and Aquaculture (Brazil)|Minister of Fishing and Aquaculture]] (2012–2014); [[Federal Senate (Brazil)|Senator]] for [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] (2003–2017)
* [[Tarcísio de Freitas]] - [[Ministry of Infrastructure (Brazil)|Minister of Infrastructure]] (2019–2022); [[List of governors of São Paulo|Governor]] of [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] (2023–present)
* [[Mecias de Jesus]] - [[Federal Senate (Brazil)|Senator]] for [[Roraima]] (2019–present)
* [[Celso Russomanno]] - [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] (1995–2011; 2015–present)
* [[Johnathan de Jesus]] - [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Roraima]] (2011–present)
* [[Silas Câmara]] - [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]] (1999–present)
* [[Rosângela Gomes]] - [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] (2015–present)
* [[Cléber Verde]] - [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Maranhão]] (2007–present)
* [[Pinto Itamaraty]] - [[Federal Senate (Brazil)|Senator]] for [[Maranhão]] (2016–2017)
* [[Ronaldinho]] - [[Footballer]] (2018-present)

=== Former ===
* [[José Alencar]] - [[Vice President of Brazil]] (2003–2010); [[Ministry of Defense (Brazil)|Minister of Defense]] (2004-2006); [[Federal Senate (Brazil)|Senator]] for [[Minas Gerais]] (1999–2002)
* [[Clarissa Garotinho]] - [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] (2015–present)
* [[Lincoln Portela]] - [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Minas Gerais]] (1999–present)
* [[Flávio Bolsonaro]] - [[Federal Senate (Brazil)|Senator]] for [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] (2020–2021)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.prb10.org.br/ Republicanos 10 | Portal de Notícias Oficial], Official website
{{s-start}}
|-
{{s-non|reason=First}}
{{s-ttl|title=Numbers of Brazilian Official Political Parties|years=10 - REPUBLICANOS}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Progressistas|11 - PP]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Brazilian political parties}}

[[Category:Political parties established in 2005]]
[[Category:Conservative parties in Brazil]]
[[Category:Social conservative parties]]
[[Category:2005 establishments in Brazil]]
[[Category:Christian political parties]]
[[Category:Organizations that oppose LGBTQ rights in Brazil]]

Latest revision as of 10:23, 9 December 2024

Republicans
Republicanos
PresidentMarcos Pereira
Secretary-GeneralEvandro Garla
FounderMarcelo Crivella
Founded16 December 2003; 21 years ago (2003-12-16)
Registered25 August 2005; 19 years ago (2005-08-25)
HeadquartersSDS-Setor de Diversão Sul-Ed. Miguel Badia, 30-Bloco L-3º Andar, Sala 320-Brasília/DF, Brazil
Think tankFundação Republicana Brasileira
Youth wingJovens Republicanos
Women's wingMulheres Republicanas
Elders' wingIdosos Republicanos
Membership495,136 (2022)
IdeologySocial conservatism[1]
Economic liberalism[2]
Political positionCentre-right to right-wing
ReligionCatholic Church (majority)[3][4]
Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (supported)[5]
Colours  Navy Blue
  Green
  Yellow
Slogan"The real conservative party of Brazil"
TSE Identification Number10
Mayors
212 / 5,570
Chamber of Deputies
40 / 513
Federal Senate
4 / 81
Mercosur Parliament
3 / 38
State Assemblies
42 / 1,024
City Councillors
2,601 / 56,810
Election symbol
Website
republicanos10.org.br

The Republicans[6] (Portuguese: Republicanos), formerly the Brazilian Republican Party (Portuguese: Partido Republicano Brasileiro, PRB) and originally formed as the Municipalist Renewal Party (Portuguese: Partido Municipalista Renovador, PMR), is a Brazilian political party. Its electoral number, the numerical assignment for Brazilian political parties, is 10.

The party is socially conservative and economically liberal,[6][1] and also has a strong association with the evangelical Universal Church of the Kingdom of God.[7][1] As the PRB, it was the party of former Vice President of Brazil José Alencar, where it was part of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's government.[8] While it also supported Dilma Rousseff until her impeachment,[9] it was one of the closest allies of the Bolsonaro government.[10]

History

[edit]

The party was founded in August 2005 as the Municipalist Renovator Party by pastors of the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God.[11] Lula's Vice President José Alencar moved to PRB on 2005 after leaving the Liberal Party.[12] In March 2006, the party was renamed the Brazilian Republican Party.

The Brazilian Republican Party first fought against President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, then rallied behind him after his re-election in 2006. According to one study, the PRB was supportive of the Lula da Silva and Rousseff presidencies “on the basis of their concern for social democracy and for eliminating inequality.”[13] However, later the PRB started to join the new rising wave of conservativism and anti-petism[14][15] in Brazil and all of the PRB's deputies voted in favor of Dilma's impeachment.

They then supported the government of Michel Temer. In the 2018 presidential election, the Brazilian Republican Party supported the candidate of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party, Geraldo Alckmin. Afterwards the party started to switch its support to President Jair Bolsonaro,[14] reflecting their strong ideological affinity.[14] For the 2022 Brazilian general election, the Republicans formed a coalition with the Liberal Party (PL) and the Progressives (PP) in order to support Jair Bolsonaro's 2022 presidential campaign.[16][17] Candidates launched by the Republicans had their image heavily associated and sometimes were endorsed by Bolsonaro.

In August 2019, the Brazilian Republican Party changed its name into Republicanos.[7] Justifying as "the name change reinforces the reformulation of the party's program and statutes... consolidating its position as a party conservative in customs and liberal in the economy”,[2] seeking to emulate the American Republican Party.[18] The name change came with a manifesto adopting a resolutely socially conservative position defending Christian values, the traditional family and private property.[15]

Participation

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The party leader as of 2024 was Marcos Pereira.

The party's most important members are Bishop Marcelo Crivella, Rio de Janeiro senator and nephew of Universal's founder Bishop Edir Macedo, journalist Celso Russomanno[19] and former Vice-President José Alencar. Famous football player Ronaldinho, also known as Ronaldo de Assis Moreira, joined the party in March 2018.[20]

Statistics

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In 2022, it had 495,136 members.[21]

In 2012, 80% of its members were Catholic and 20% evangelical, including six from the universal Church.[22]

Ideology

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The party defines itself as "Socially conservative but economically liberal", defending Christian values, the traditional family and private property.[15] The party aligned itself with Jair Bolsonaro during his government from 2018 to 2022.[17]

Some commentators say that the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (UCKG), a neo-charismatic church that is organized like a business enterprise, has used the party as a base for its bishops to run for political office. According to the emeritus professor of political sciences from the University of Brasília, David Fleischer, "The PRB is an evangelical party."[1] Several members, such as Celso Russomanno,[19] are Catholic. Several leading members, such as Edir Macedo and Marcelo Crivella, have expressed statements of Christian fundamentalism and religious intolerance. A UN report accused members of the UCKG of verbal and physical attacks on members of the Umbanda and Candomblé religions.[23] Macedo considered participating in presidential elections in order to transform Brazil into a theocratic state.[23]

As mayor of Rio de Janeiro, Crivella called the Carnival of Rio de Janeiro an "un-Christian excess" and ordered severe financial cuts for the organisers.[24] Furthermore, he is known for statements of religious intolerance. In his 1999 book Evangelizing Africa, he claimed that homosexuality is a "terrible evil," that Catholics are "demonic", that African religions are based on "evil spirits," and that Hindus drink their children's blood.[25][26] He has since tried to distance himself from the book, saying that it was the work of a young, immature missionary.[25]

Electoral history

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Presidential elections

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Election Candidate Running mate Coalition First round Second round Result
Votes % Votes %
2006 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) José Alencar (PRB) PT; PRB; PCdoB 46,662,365 48.6% (#1) 58,295,042 60.8% (#1) Elected Green tickY
2010 Dilma Rousseff (PT) Michel Temer (PMDB) PT; PMDB; PR; PSB; PDT; PCdoB; PSC; PRB; PTC; PTN 47,651,434 46.9% (#1) 55,752,529 56.1% (#1) Elected Green tickY
2014 PT; PMDB; PSD; PP; PR; PDT; PRB; PROS; PCdoB 43,267,668 41.6% (#1) 54,501,118 51.6 % (#1) Elected Green tickY
2018 Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB) Ana Amélia (PP) PSDB; PP; PR; PRB; PSD; SD; DEM; PTB; PPS 5,096,350 4,76% (#4) - - Lost Red XN
2022 Jair Bolsonaro (PL) Walter Braga Netto (PL) PL; PP; Republicanos 51,072,345 43,2% (#2) 58,206,354 49,1% (#2) Lost Red XN
Source: Election Resources: Federal Elections in Brazil – Results Lookup

Legislative elections

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Election Chamber of Deputies Federal Senate Role in government
Votes % Seats +/– Votes % Seats +/–
2006 244,059 0.26%
1 / 513
 New 264,155 0.31%
2 / 81
 New Coalition
2010 1,633,500 1.69%
7 / 513
 Increase 6 3,332,886 1.96%
1 / 81
 Decrease 1 Coalition
2014 4,423,993 4.55%
21 / 513
 Increase 13 301,162 0.34%
1 / 81
 Steady 0 Coalition
2018 4,992,016 5.08%
30 / 513
 Increase 9 1,505,607 0.88%
1 / 81
 Steady 0 Coalition
2022 7,618,108 6.91%
42 / 513
 Increase 12 4,259,279 4.19%
3 / 81
 Increase 2 Independent
Sources: Election Resources, Dados Eleitorais do Brasil (1982–2006)

Notable members

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Current

[edit]

Former

[edit]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Phillips, Dom (March 21, 2018). "Brazil World Cup winner Ronaldinho joins evangelical conservative party". The Guardian – via www.theguardian.com.
  2. ^ a b "PRB passa a se chamar "Republicanos"". Congresso em Foco (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2019-08-16. Retrieved 2022-10-23.
  3. ^ "Russomanno, o católico - Opinião". Estadão.
  4. ^ SP, Do G1 (September 20, 2012). "Russomanno é entrevistado pelo SPTV". Eleições 2012 em São Paulo.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ "MEC autoriza funcionamento de faculdade de partido ligado à Universal - Política". Estadão.
  6. ^ a b "TSE autoriza mudança do PRB para Republicanos" (in Portuguese). Poder360. 15 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
  7. ^ a b "TSE autoriza mudança do PRB para Republicanos". Poder360 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2019-08-15. Retrieved 2019-10-22.
  8. ^ "Presidente do PRB anuncia que bancada votará pelo impeachment". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2016-04-12. Retrieved 2021-03-11.
  9. ^ "PRB rompe com Dilma e é primeiro partido a deixar base do governo". R7 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2016-03-16. Retrieved 2021-03-11.
  10. ^ Barbiéri, Luiz Felipe (2022-11-23). "Integrante da base de Bolsonaro, Republicanos diz que será independente no governo Lula". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  11. ^ Bruno Gomes, Les évangéliques au Brésil : stratégies territoriales et participation politique, Hérodote, vol. no 119, no. 4, 2005, p. 70-71
  12. ^ Cristina Horta,ESCÂNDALO DO "MENSALÃO"/RUMO A 2006, folha.uol.com.br, Brazil, September 30, 2005
  13. ^ Lansford, Tom (2014-03-20). Political Handbook of the World 2014. SAGE Publications. ISBN 9781483386263.
  14. ^ a b c "Anne Vigna, "Brazil's religious-media-political complex"".
  15. ^ a b c Maia, Dominique (2022-07-06). "História do Republicanos: o verdadeiro Partido Conservador? | Politize!" (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-10-18.
  16. ^ "Em ato com Bolsonaro e líderes do Centrão, PP aprova aliança com PL e apoio à reeleição do presidente". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 27 July 2022. Retrieved 2022-10-23.
  17. ^ a b "Partido Republicanos oficializa apoio à candidatura de Jair Bolsonaro". Agência Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2022-07-30. Retrieved 2022-10-23.
  18. ^ "PRB anuncia mudança para Republicanos e será 8º partido a trocar de nome". VEJA (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-10-23.
  19. ^ a b "Longe do PP, Celso Russomanno diz que eleitorado de Maluf é bem-vindo". JB. 8 May 2012.
  20. ^ "Brazil World Cup winner Ronaldinho joins evangelical conservative party". the Guardian. March 21, 2018.
  21. ^ Tribunal Superior Eleitoral, Estatísticas do eleitorado – Eleitores filiados Archived 2018-05-13 at the Wayback Machine, tse.jus.br, Brazil, accessed January 14, 2023
  22. ^ Klett, César Tralli; SP, Do G1 (September 20, 2012). "Russomanno é entrevistado pelo SPTV". g1.globo.com.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  23. ^ a b Frayssinet, Fabiana (3 July 2009). "RELIGION-BRAZIL: Intolerance Denounced At UN". Interpress Service.
  24. ^ Philipp Lichterbeck: Brasilien: Droht dem Karneval das Aus? In: Der Tagesspiegel 19 December 2017
  25. ^ a b Leahy, Joe (October 24, 2016). "Brazil's evangelicals push politics to the right". Financial Times. Archived from the original on December 11, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  26. ^ Samuels, Gabriel (November 2, 2016). "Rio de Janeiro elects mayor who said homosexuality is 'evil'". The Independent. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
[edit]
First Numbers of Brazilian Official Political Parties
10 - REPUBLICANOS 		Succeeded by
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