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Earthquakes are caused by movements within the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle. They range from weak events detectable only by seismometers, to sudden and violent events lasting many minutes which have caused some of the greatest disasters in human history. Below, earthquakes are listed by period, region or country, year, magnitude, cost, fatalities, and number of scientific studies.

Deadliest earthquakes

The following is a summary list of earthquakes with over approximately 100,000 deaths.^[1] The 893 Ardabil earthquake probably relates to the 893 Dvin earthquake, due to misreading of the Arabic word for Dvin, 'Dabil' as 'Ardabil'.^[2] This is regarded as a 'fake earthquake'.^[3]

Event	Date	Location	Fatalities	Magnitude	Notes on fatalities
1920 Haiyuan earthquake	December 16, 1920	Ningxia–Gansu, China	273,400	7.8	Previously cited death toll was 230,000 and this figure was revised in 2010.^[4]^[5]
526 Antioch earthquake	May 21, 526	Antioch, Byzantine Empire (modern-day Turkey)	250,000^[6]	7.0^[7]	Procopius (II.14.6), sources based on John of Ephesus.
1976 Tangshan earthquake	July 28, 1976	Hebei, China	242,769–655,000	7.6	Official casualty figure is 242,769 deaths. Estimated death toll as high as 655,000. 799,000 injured.^[8]^[9]
1139 Ganja earthquake	September 30, 1139	Ganja, Seljuk Empire (modern-day Azerbaijan)	230,000–300,000^[10]	7.0 M_w	Death toll may have been a historical conflation with earthquakes on November 1137 in the Jazira plain and the 1138 Aleppo earthquake.^[11]
2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami	December 26, 2004	Sumatra, Indonesia	227,898	9.1–9.3	Death toll includes those missing and presumed dead.^[10]
1303 Hongdong earthquake	July 25, 1303	Shanxi, Yuan dynasty (modern-day China)	200,000^[12]	8.0
856 Damghan earthquake	December 22, 856	Damghan, Abbasid Caliphate (modern-day Iran)	200,000	7.9 M_s
1138 Aleppo earthquake	October 11, 1138	Aleppo, Seljuk Empire (modern-day Syria)	130,000–230,000^[13]	7.1^[13]	The figure of 230,000 dead is based on a historical conflation of this earthquake with earthquakes in November 1137 on the Jazira plain and the 1139 Ganja earthquake in the Azerbaijani city of Ganja. The first mention of a 230,000 death toll was by Ibn Taghribirdi in the fifteenth century.^[11]
533 Aleppo earthquake	November 29, 533	Aleppo, Byzantine Empire (modern-day Syria)	130,000^[14]	Unknown
1948 Ashgabat earthquake	October 6, 1948	Ashgabat, Turkmen SSR (modern-day Turkmenistan)	110,000	7.3 M_s	Previously cited death toll was 10,000 until a news release on December 9, 1988, advised that the correct death toll was 110,000.^[10]
1923 Great Kantō earthquake	September 1, 1923	Kantō region, Japan	105,385^[15]	7.9	Casualty estimates range from 100,000 to 142,800, the latter figure including 40,000 missing later presumed dead.
1556 Shaanxi earthquake	January 23, 1556	Shaanxi, China	100,000	8.0	Direct deaths thought to be just over 100,000 while about 730,000 people died from famines or migrated elsewhere.^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]
2010 Haiti earthquake	January 12, 2010	Haiti	46,000–316,000	7.0	Estimates vary from 316,000 (Haitian government) to 222,570 (UN OCHA estimate)^[20] to 158,000 (Medicine, Conflict and Survival) to between 85,000 and 46,000 (report commissioned by USAID).^[21]^[22]
1290 Zhili earthquake	September 27, 1290	Ningcheng, Yuan dynasty (modern-day China)	7,000–100,000	6.8 M_s	Estimates also suggests lower values of at least 7,000.^[23]

Deadliest earthquakes by year since 1929

Date	Magnitude	Location	Depth (km)	MMI	Deaths
May 1, 1929	7.2	Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic, Ahal Region	10.0	IX	3,257–3,800
July 23, 1930	6.6	Italy, Irpinia	15.0	X	1,404
August 10, 1931	8.0	China, Xinjiang Province	20.0	XI	10,000
May 20, 1932	5.4	Persia, Mazandaran province	12.0	VIII	1,070
August 25, 1933	7.3	China, Sichuan Province	15.0	X	6,865–9,300
January 15, 1934	8.0	Nepal, Koshi	15.0	X	10,700–12,000
May 30, 1935	7.7	British Raj, Khanate of Kalat	15.0	X	30,000–60,000
April 1, 1936	6.8	China, Guangxi Province	0.0	IX	1,001
July 31, 1937	6.9	China, Shandong Province	25.0	IX	3,252
April 19, 1938	6.6	Turkey, Kırşehir Province	10.0	IX	224
December 27, 1939	7.8	Turkey, Erzincan Province	20.0	XII	32,700–32,968
November 10, 1940	7.7	Romania, Vrancea County	133.0	X	1,000
January 11, 1941	5.8–6.5	Yemen, Razih District	35.0	VIII	1,200
December 20, 1942	7.0	Turkey, Erbaa	10.0	IX	3,000
November 27, 1943	7.5	Turkey, Çankırı	20.0	XI	2,824–5,000
January 15, 1944	7.0	Argentina, San Juan	15.0	IX	10,000
November 28, 1945	8.1	British Raj, Makran Coast	15.0	X	300–4,000
August 4, 1946	7.8	Dominican Republic, Samaná	15.0	IX	2,550
August 4, 1947	7.7	Peru, Junín Province	20.0	IX	233–2,233
October 6, 1948	7.3	Soviet Union, Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic	15.0	X	10,000–110,000
July 10, 1949	7.5	Soviet Union, Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic	18.0	IX	7,200
August 15, 1950	8.6	India, Assam	15.0	XI	4,800
May 6, 1951	5.9–6.2	El Salvador, Usulután	85.0	VIII	400–1,100
November 5, 1952	9.0	Soviet Union, Russian Soviet Socialist Republic	21.6	XI	2,336
March 18, 1953	7.5	Turkey, Balıkesir Province	10.0	IX	1,070
September 9, 1954	6.7	France, Chlef Province, Algeria	15.0	XI	1,243–1,409
March 31, 1955	7.4	Philippines, Western Mindanao	35.0	VIII	465
October 31, 1956	6.4	Iran, Hormozgan	15.0	VII	347
December 13, 1957	6.5	Iran, Hamadan	15.0	VII	1,130
August 16, 1958	6.7	Iran, Lorestan	15.0	VII	132
August 18, 1959	7.3	United States, Montana	5.0	X	28
February 29, 1960	5.8	Morocco, Souss-Massa	15.0	X	12,000–15,000
June 11, 1961	6.4	Iran, Fars province	15.0	VIII	60
September 1, 1962	7.1	Iran, Qazvin province	10.0	IX	12,225
July 26, 1963	6.1	Yugoslavia, Macedonia	15.0	X	1,070
March 27, 1964	9.2	United States, Alaska	25.0	XI	131
March 28, 1965	7.4–7.6	Chile, Valparaíso Region	70.0	IX	400–500
March 22, 1966	6.8	China, Hebei	20.0	IX	8,064
July 29, 1967	6.6	Venezuela, Vargas	25.0	VIII	225–300
August 31, 1968	7.1	Iran, South Khorasan province	10.0	X	15,900
July 25, 1969	6.4	China, Guangdong	20.0	VIII	3,000
May 31, 1970	7.9	Peru, Ancash	45.0	VIII	66,794–70,000
May 22, 1971	6.6	Turkey, Bingöl	10.0	VIII	875^[24]
April 10, 1972	6.7	Iran, Fars	10.0	IX	5,374
February 6, 1973	7.6	China, Sichuan	11.0	X	2,175–2,204
May 10, 1974	7.1	China, Yunnan	14.0	IX	1,641–20,000
September 6, 1975	6.7	Turkey, Diyarbakır	26.0	IX	2,311
July 28, 1976	7.6	China, Hebei	12.2	XI	242,719–655,000
March 4, 1977	7.5	Romania, Vrancea	85.3	IX	1,700
September 16, 1978	7.4	Iran, Yazd	33.0	IX	15,000–25,000
December 12, 1979	8.2	Colombia, Nariño	33.0	IX	300–600
October 10, 1980	7.1	Algeria, Chlef	10.0	X	2,633–5,000
June 11, 1981	6.6	Iran, Kerman	33.0	VIII	3,000
December 13, 1982	6.2	North Yemen, Dhamar	10.0	VIII	2,800
October 30, 1983	6.6	Turkey, Erzurum	15.0	IX	1,340
September 13, 1984	6.3	Japan, Nagano	2.0	VIII	14
September 19, 1985	8.0	Mexico, Michoacán	20.0	IX	5,000–45,000
October 10, 1986	5.7	El Salvador, San Salvador	10.0	IX	1,000–1,500
March 6, 1987	7.1	Ecuador, Sucumbíos	10.0	IX	1,000
December 7, 1988	6.8	Soviet Union, Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic	5.0	X	25,000–50,000
January 23, 1989	5.3	Soviet Union, Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic	33.0	VII	274
June 21, 1990	7.4	Iran, Gilan	18.5	X	35,000–40,000
October 20, 1991	6.8	India, Uttar Pradesh	11.6	IX	768–2,000^[25]
December 12, 1992	7.8	Indonesia, Flores Sea offshore	27.7	VIII	2,500^[26]
September 29, 1993	6.2	India, Maharashtra	10.0	VIII	9,748
June 6, 1994	6.8	Colombia, Cauca	12.1	IX	1,100
January 17, 1995	6.9	Japan, Kobe	21.9	XI	5,502–6,434
February 3, 1996	6.6	China, Yunnan	10.0	X	309–322
May 10, 1997	7.3	Iran, Khorasan	10.0	X	1,567
May 30, 1998	6.5	Afghanistan, Takhar	33.0	VII	4,000–4,500
August 17, 1999	7.6	Turkey, İzmit	17.0	X	17,127–18,373
June 4, 2000	7.9	Indonesia, Enggano Island offshore	44.0	VI	103^[27]
January 26, 2001	7.6	India, Bhuj	16.0	X	13,805–20,023
March 25, 2002	6.1	Afghanistan, Baghlan Province	8.0	VII	1,200
December 26, 2003	6.6	Iran, Bam	15.0	IX	34,000
December 26, 2004	9.2–9.3	Indonesia, Sumatra offshore	30.0	IX	227,898
October 8, 2005	7.6	Pakistan, Balakot	15.0	XI	86,000–87,351
May 27, 2006	6.4	Indonesia, Yogyakarta	10.0	IX	5,749^[28]
August 15, 2007	8.0	Peru, Ica offshore	39.0	IX	595
May 12, 2008	7.9	China, Sichuan	19.0	XI	87,587
September 30, 2009	7.6	Indonesia, Padang offshore	90.0	VII^[29]	1,115
January 12, 2010	7.0	Haiti, Léogâne	13.0	X	46,000–316,000
March 11, 2011	9.1	Japan, Sendai offshore	29.0	XI	19,759
August 11, 2012	6.4	Iran, East Azerbaijan	9.0	VIII	306
September 24, 2013	7.7	Pakistan, Balochistan	15.0	IX	825
August 3, 2014	6.1	China, Yunnan	10.0	IX	617
April 25, 2015	7.8	Nepal, Gorkha District	8.2	X	8,962
April 16, 2016	7.8	Ecuador, Esmeraldas	20.6	VIII^[30]	676
November 12, 2017	7.3	Iran–Iraq border Region	19.0	IX	630
September 28, 2018	7.5	Indonesia, Palu	20.0	X	4,340
November 26, 2019	6.4	Albania, Durrës	10.0	VIII	51
October 30, 2020	7.0	Greece Turkey Aegean Sea	21.0	VIII	119
August 14, 2021	7.2	Haiti, Nippes	10.0	IX	2,248
June 21, 2022	6.0	Afghanistan, Khost	10.0	VIII	1,052–1,163
February 6, 2023	7.8 & 7.7	Turkey, Southeastern Anatolia Syria, Aleppo and Idlib	10.0 & 7.4	XII	59,488–62,013
January 1, 2024	7.5	Japan, Ishikawa	10.0	X	504
January 7, 2025^[31]	7.1	China, Tibet	10.0	IX	126

Largest earthquakes by magnitude

For those which occurred before the development and deployment of seismographs – starting around 1900 – magnitudes are estimated from historical reports of the extent and severity of damage.^[33]

Rank	Date	Location	Event	Magnitude
1	May 22, 1960	Valdivia, Chile	1960 Valdivia earthquake	9.4–9.6
2	March 27, 1964	Prince William Sound, Alaska, United States	1964 Alaska earthquake	9.2–9.3^[34]
3	December 26, 2004	Sumatra, Indonesia	2004 Indian Ocean earthquake	9.2–9.3^[35]^[36]
4	March 11, 2011	Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Japan	2011 Tōhoku earthquake	9.0–9.1^[37]^[38]
5	November 4, 1952	Kamchatka, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union	1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake	9.0
6	January 31, 1906	Ecuador – Colombia	1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake	8.8
6	February 27, 2010	Maule, Chile	2010 Chile earthquake	8.8
7	February 3, 1965	Rat Islands, Alaska, United States	1965 Rat Islands earthquake	8.7
8	August 15, 1950	Assam, India – Tibet, China	1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake	8.6–8.7^[39]
9	April 1, 1946	Aleutian Islands, Alaska, United States	1946 Aleutian Islands earthquake	8.6
9	March 28, 2005	Sumatra, Indonesia	2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake	8.6
9	March 9, 1957	Andreanof Islands, Alaska, United States	1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake	8.6
9	April 11, 2012	Sumatra, Indonesia	2012 Indian Ocean earthquakes	8.6
10	November 10, 1922	Atacama, Chile	1922 Vallenar earthquake	8.5–8.6
10	February 1, 1938	Banda Sea, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies)	1938 Banda Sea earthquake	8.5–8.6
11	October 13, 1963	Kuril Islands, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union	1963 Kuril Islands earthquake	8.5
11	March 2, 1933	Iwate Prefecture, Japan	1933 Sanriku earthquake^[40]	8.5

Pre-instrumental earthquakes

Date	Location	Event	Magnitude
July 8, 1730	Valparaíso, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1730 Valparaíso earthquake	9.1–9.3 (est.)^[41]
October 17, 1737	Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Empire	1737 Kamchatka earthquake	9.0–9.3 (est.)
December 16, 1575	Valdivia, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1575 Valdivia earthquake	9.0 (est.)
November 24, 1604	Arica, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1604 Arica earthquake	9.0 (est.)
May 17, 1841	Kamchatka, Russian Empire	1841 Kamchatka earthquake	9.0 (est.)
November 17, 1837	Valdivia, Chile	1837 Valdivia earthquake	8.8–9.5 (est.)^[42]
August 31, 1420	Pacific Ocean, Atacama region (now Atacama, Chile)	1420 Caldera earthquake	8.8–9.4 (est.)
November 25, 1833	Sumatra, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies)	1833 Sumatra earthquake	8.8–9.2 (est.)
November 26, 1852	Banda Islands, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies)	1852 Banda Sea earthquake	8.8 (est.)^[43]
October 28, 1707	Pacific Ocean, Shikoku region, Japan	1707 Hōei earthquake	8.7–9.3 (est.)^[44]
January 26, 1700	Pacific Ocean, US, and Canada (then claimed by the Spanish Empire and the British Empire)	1700 Cascadia earthquake	8.7–9.2 (est.)
May 9, 1877	Iquique, Chile (then Peru)	1877 Iquique earthquake	8.7–8.9 (est.)
October 20, 1687	Lima, Peru (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1687 Peru earthquake	8.7 (est.)
July 13, 869	Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Japan	869 Jōgan earthquake	8.6–9.0 (est.)
October 28, 1746	Lima, Peru (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1746 Lima–Callao earthquake	8.6–8.8 (est.)
September 20, 1498	Pacific Ocean, Chūbu region, Japan	1498 Meiō earthquake	8.6 (est.)
March 28, 1787	Oaxaca, Mexico (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1787 New Spain earthquake	8.6 (est.)
February 2, 1816	Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal	1816 North Atlantic earthquake	8.6 (est.)
August 13, 1868	Arica, Peru (now part of present-day Chile)	1868 Arica earthquake	8.5–9.3 (est.)
November 1, 1755	Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal	1755 Lisbon earthquake	8.5–9.0 (est.)
April 2, 1762	Chittagong, Bangladesh (then Kingdom of Mrauk U)	1762 Arakan earthquake	8.5–8.8 (est.)
July 21, 365	Mediterranean Sea, Crete, Greece	365 Crete earthquake	8.5+ (est.)
August 24, 1356	Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal	1356 Lisbon earthquake [pt]	8.5 (est.)
July 25, 1668	Shandong, China	1668 Shandong earthquake	8.5 (est.)^[45]
May 24, 1751	Concepción, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1751 Concepción earthquake	8.5 (est.)
March 31, 1761	Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal	1761 Lisbon earthquake	8.5 (est.)^[46]
April 4, 1819	Copiapó, Chile	1819 Copiapó earthquake	8.5 (est.)^[42]
November 19, 1822	Valparaíso, Chile	1822 Valparaíso earthquake	8.5 (est.)
February 20, 1835	Concepción, Chile	1835 Concepción earthquake	8.5 (est.)
February 8, 1843	Guadeloupe region, Lesser Antilles	1843 Guadeloupe earthquake	8.5 (est.)^[47]
February 16, 1861	Sumatra, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies)	1861 Sumatra earthquake	8.5 (est.)
June 15, 1896	Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Empire of Japan	1896 Sanriku earthquake	8.5 (est.)
June 6, 1505	Himalayas, northern Nepal	1505 Lo Mustang earthquake	8.2–8.8 (est.)

Largest earthquake by magnitude each year since 1907

Year	Date	Magnitude	Location	Depth (km)	MMI	Deaths	Injuries
1907	1907, January 4^[48]	8.2	Indonesia, Sumatra	25.0	IV	2,188	-
1908	1908, March 26^[49]	7.5	Mexico, Guerrero	200.0	–	-	-
1909	1909, July 7^[50]	7.7	Afghanistan, Badakhshan	200.0	–	-	-
1910	April 12, 1910^[51]	8.1	Taiwan, off the northeast coast	235.0	–	60	-
1911	June 15, 1911^[52]	7.9	Japan, Ryukyu Islands	150.0	IX	-	-
1912	May 23, 1912^[53]	7.9	Myanmar, Shan	15.0	IX	-	-
1913	March 14, 1913^[54]	7.9	Philippines, Mindanao	15.0	IX	138	-
1914	May 26, 1914^[55]	8.2	Indonesia, Papua	15.0	-	100+	-
1915	May 1, 1915^[56]	7.8	Soviet Union, Kuril Islands	30.0	-	–	-
1916	January 1, 1916^[57]	8.0	Papua New Guinea, East New Britain	35.0	-	–	-
1917	May 1, 1917^[58]	8.2	New Zealand, Kermadec Islands	15.0	-	–	-
1918	August 15, 1918^[59]	8.3	Philippines, Mindanao	20.0	-	52	-
1919	April 30, 1919^[60]	8.1	Tonga	25.0	-	–	-
1920	June 5, 1920^[61]	8.2	Taiwan, Hualien	20.0	VII	–	-
1921	November 15, 1921^[62]	7.8	Afghanistan, Badakhshan	240.0	V	–	-
1922	November 11, 1922^[63]	8.5	Chile, Atacama	70.0	-	500	-
1923	February 3, 1923^[64]	8.4	Soviet Union, Kamchatka Krai	15.0	-	3	-
1924	April 10, 1924^[65]	8.1	Philippines, Mindanao	15.0	-	500	-
1925	November 10, 1925^[66]	7.3	Indonesia, Papua	15.0	-	-	-
1926	October 26, 1926^[67]	7.6	Indonesia, Papua	35.0	-	-	-
1927	May 22, 1927^[68]	7.7	China, Gansu	15.0	-	40,900	-
1928	June 17, 1928^[69]	8.0	Mexico, Oaxaca	15.0	-	4	-
1929	June 26, 1929^[70]	8.1	United Kingdom, South Sandwich Islands region	15.0	-	-	-
1930	December 3, 1930^[71]	7.5	Burma, Bago	10.0	IX	30	-
1931	June 3, 1931^[72]	7.9	China, Xinjiang	10.0	X	10,000	-
1932	June 3, 1932^[73]	8.1	Mexico, Jalisco	35.0	X	400	-
1933	March 2, 1933^[74]	8.5	Japan, Sanriku coast	15.0	V	3,000	-
1934	January 15, 1934^[75]	8.0	Nepal, Sagarmatha Zone	15.0	X	10,700	-
1935	September 20, 1935^[76]	7.8	New Guinea, Sandaun Province	35.0	VII	0	0
1936	April 1, 1936^[77]	7.8	Dutch East Indies, Talaud Islands	35.0	IX	0	0
1937	January 7, 1937^[78]	7.8	China, Qinghai	15.0	VIII	0	0
1938	February 1, 1938	8.5–8.6	Dutch East Indies, Maluku offshore	60.0	VII	0	0
1939	December 21, 1939^[79]	8.1	Dutch East Indies, Central Sulawesi offshore	150.0	VII	0	0
1940	May 24, 1940	8.2	Peru, Lima	45.0	VIII	179–300	3,500
1941	November 18, 1941	8.0	Japan, Miyazaki offshore	35.0	VII	2	0
1942	August 24, 1942	8.2	Peru, Ica	35.0	IX	30	25
1943	April 6, 1943	7.9–8.2	Chile, Coquimbo	35.0	VIII	11	0
1944	December 7, 1944	8.1	Japan, Wakayama offshore	30.0	VIII	1,223	2,135
1945	November 27, 1945	8.1	India, Balochistan offshore	15.0	X	4,000	0
1946	April 1, 1946	8.6	United States, Alaska offshore	15.0	VI	173	0
1947	May 27, 1947^[80]	7.6	Dutch East Indies, Papua offshore	15.0	VI	0	0
1947	November 1, 1947	7.6	Peru, Junin	20.0	IX	233	0
1948	January 24, 1948	7.8	Philippines, Panay	15.0	X	50	0
1949	August 22, 1949	8.0	Canada, Haida Gwaii	10.0	VIII	0	0
1950	August 15, 1950	8.6	India–China, Assam–Tibet border region	15.0	XI	4,800	0
1951	November 24, 1951	7.8	Taiwan, East Rift Valley	30.0	VII	85	1,200
1952	November 4, 1952	9.0	Soviet Union, Kamchatka	21.6	XI	2,336	0
1953	November 25, 1953^[81]	7.9	Japan, Yokohama	25.0	V	1	0
1954	March 29, 1954^[82]	7.8	Spain, Andalusia	626.2	IV	0	0
1955	February 27, 1955^[83]	7.5	New Zealand, Kermadec Islands	15.0	I	0	0
1956	July 9, 1956	7.7	Greece, Dodecanese Islands	20.0	IX	56	0
1957	March 9, 1957	8.6–9.1	United States, Aleutian Islands, Alaska	25.0	VIII	2	0
1958	November 6, 1958	8.3	Soviet Union, Kuril Islands	35.0	X	0	51
1959	May 4, 1959	7.9	Soviet Union, Kamchatka	55.0	VIII	1	13
1960	May 22, 1960	9.5	Chile, Valdivia	25.0	XII	6,000	11,000
1961	August 19, 1961^[84]	7.6	Peru, Madre de Dios Region	612.2	IV	0	0
1962	May 21, 1962^[85]	7.5	Fiji offshore	390.0	I	0	0
1963	October 13, 1963	8.5	Soviet Union, Kuril Islands	35.0	IX	0	0
1964	March 27, 1964	9.1–9.2	United States, Alaska, Prince William Sound	25.0	XI	131	0
1965	February 3, 1965	8.7	United States, Alaska, Aleutian Islands	30.3	VI	0	0
1966	October 17, 1966	8.1	Peru, Arequipa	38.0	IX	125	3,000
1967	July 22, 1967	7.4	Turkey, Sakarya Province	30.0	X	86	0
1968	May 16, 1968	8.3	Japan, Hokkaidō	26.0	VIII	52	330
1969	August 11, 1969^[86]	8.2	Soviet Union, Kuril Islands	30.0	VIII	0	0
1970	July 31, 1970	8.0	Colombia, Amazonas Department	644.8	IV	1	4
1971	July 26, 1971	8.1	Papua New Guinea, Kokopo	37.0	IX	3	5
1972	1972^[87]	8.0	Philippines, Mindanao	60.0	VII	0	0
1973	June 17, 1973	7.8	Japan, Hokkaidō	43.3	VIII	0	27
1974	October 3, 1974	8.1	Peru, Lima	13.0	IX	78	2,400
1975	May 26, 1975	7.9	north Atlantic Ocean	33.0	VI	0	0
1976	August 17, 1976	8.0	Philippines, Moro Gulf	33.0	VIII	8,000	10,000
1977	August 19, 1977	8.3	Indonesia, Bima	25.0	VI	189	1,100
1978	June 12, 1978	7.7	Japan, Miyagi	44.0	VIII	28	1,325
1979	December 12, 1979	8.2	Colombia, Nariño offshore Ecuador, Esmeraldas offshore	24.0	IX	600	0
1980	July 17, 1980^[88]	7.7	Solomon Islands, Santa Cruz Islands	33.0	VI	0	0
1981	September 1, 1981^[89]	7.6	New Zealand, offshore	25.0	IV	0	0
1982	June 19, 1982	7.3	El Salvador, offshore	73.0	VII	43	0
1983	March 18, 1983^[90]	7.7	Papua New Guinea, New Ireland	70.0	VII	0	0
1983	May 26, 1983	7.7	Japan, off the coast of Honshu	15.1	VIII	104	324
1984	February 7, 1984^[91]	7.6	Solomon Islands, Honiara	18.1	VIII	0	0
1985	September 19, 1985	8.0	Mexico, Mexico City	27.9	IX	10,000	30,000
1986	May 7, 1986^[92]	8.0	United States, Aleutian Islands, Alaska	19.0	VII	0	0
1987	November 30, 1987^[93]	7.9	United States, Gulf of Alaska	10.0	VI	0	0
1988	March 6, 1988^[94]	7.7	United States, Gulf of Alaska	15.0	V	0	0
1989	May 23, 1989^[95]	8.0	Australia, Macquarie Island	10.0	V	0	0
1990	July 16, 1990	7.7	Philippines, Luzon	24.4	IX	1,621	3,000
1991	April 22, 1991	7.6	Costa Rica, Limón	10.0	IX	127	759
1992	December 12, 1992	7.8	Indonesia, Sunda Islands	23.5	VIII	2,500	0
1993	August 8, 1993	7.8	Guam, Offshore	59.3	IX	0	71
1994	October 5, 1994	8.3	Russia, Kuril Islands	3.0	IX	12	1,742
1995	October 9, 1995	8.0	Mexico, Colima	33.0	VIII	49	100
1995	July 30, 1995	8.0	Chile, Antofagasta	40.0	VII	3	58
1996	February 17, 1996	8.2	Indonesia, Biak	11.5	VIII	166	423
1997	December 5, 1997^[96]	7.8	Russia, Kamchatka Peninsula	23.5	VIII	0	0
1998	March 25, 1998	8.1	Antarctica, Balleny Islands	10.0		0	0
1999	September 21, 1999	7.7	Taiwan, Nantou County	15.5	IX	2,444	11,305
2000	November 16, 2000	8.0	Papua New Guinea, New Ireland	13.0	VII	2	0
2001	June 23, 2001	8.4	Peru, Arequipa	33.0	VIII	145	2,713
2002	November 3, 2002	7.9	United States, Alaska	4.2	IX	0	1
2003	September 26, 2003	8.3	Japan, Hokkaidō	23.5	IX	0	849
2004	December 26, 2004	9.2–9.3	Indonesia, Sumatra	10.0	IX	227,898	125,000
2005	March 28, 2005	8.6	Indonesia, Simeulue	21.0	IX	1313	300
2006	November 15, 2006	8.3	Russia, Kuril Islands	10.0	VI	0	1
2007	September 12, 2007	8.4	Indonesia, Sumatra	34.0	VIII	23	0
2008	May 12, 2008	7.9	China, Sichuan	19.0	XI	87,587	374,177
2009	September 29, 2009	8.1	Samoa, Offshore	18.0	VII	189	7
2010	February 27, 2010	8.8	Chile, Concepción	22.9	IX	550	12,000
2011	March 11, 2011	9.0–9.1	Japan, Honshu	29.0	IX	19,747	6,000
2012	April 11, 2012	8.6	Indonesia, Indian Ocean	20.0	VII	10	12
2013	May 24, 2013	8.3	Russia, Sea of Okhotsk	598.1	VI	0	0
2014	April 1, 2014	8.2	Chile, Iquique	25.0	VIII	6	9
2015	September 16, 2015	8.3	Chile, Coquimbo	22.4	IX	21	34
2016	December 17, 2016	7.9	Papua New Guinea, New Ireland	94.5	VII	0	0
2017	September 7, 2017	8.2	Mexico, Chiapas	47.4	IX	98	250
2018	August 19, 2018	8.2	Fiji, offshore	600.0	V	0	0
2019	May 26, 2019	8.0	Peru, Loreto	122.6	VIII	2	0
2020	July 22, 2020	7.8	United States, Alaska Peninsula offshore	28.0	VII	0	0
2021	July 28, 2021	8.2	United States, Alaska Peninsula offshore	32.2	VII	0	0
2022	September 11, 2022	7.6	Papua New Guinea, Morobe	61.4	VIII	21	42
2022	September 19, 2022	7.6	Mexico, Michoacán	25.5	VIII	2	35
2023	February 6, 2023	7.8	Turkey, Southeastern Anatolia	17.9	XII	59,488–62,013	121,704
2024	January 1, 2024	7.5	Japan, Ishikawa	10.0	X	504	1,377

Largest earthquake by magnitude by country/territory

This list is a work in progress. Information is likely to be changed.
The list refers to current country boundaries rather than those at the date of the earthquake.
Please note, multiple countries could have the same earthquake listed, such as the 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake being listed for both Ecuador and Colombia.
Unless otherwise noted, magnitudes are reported on the Moment magnitude scale (M_w).

Country/Territory	Magnitude	Date	More information
Afghanistan	7.8	November 15, 1921	^[97]
Albania	6.7	November 30, 1967	^[98]
Algeria	7.1	October 10, 1980	1980 El Asnam earthquake
American Samoa	6.4	October 11, 1944	^[99]
Andorra	6.7 M_e	February 2, 1428	1428 Catalonia earthquake
Angola	6.0	May 24, 1914	^[100]
Anguilla	6.3	February 16, 1906	^[101]
Antarctica	8.1	March 25, 1998	1998 Balleny Islands earthquake
Antigua and Barbuda	8.0 M_s	April 16, 1690	^[102]
Argentina	7.5	November 23, 1977	1977 San Juan earthquake
Armenia	6.8 M_s	December 7, 1988	1988 Armenian earthquake
Australia	8.0	May 23, 1989	^[103]
Austria	5.6–6.5	September 15, 1590	1590 Neulengbach earthquake
Azerbaijan	7.0–7.3	September 30, 1139	1139 Ganja earthquake
Bangladesh	8.5–8.8	April 2, 1762	1762 Arakan earthquake
Barbados	6.5	February 18, 2014 & July 16, 2015	^[104]^[105]
Belgium	6.0–6.5 M_s	September 18, 1692	1692 Northwestern Europe earthquake
Belize	4.7 mb	June 28, 1985	^[106]
Benin	4.4 mb	September 11, 2009	^[107]
Bhutan	7.6–8.6	May 4, 1714	1714 Bhutan earthquake
Bolivia	8.2	June 9, 1994	1994 Bolivia earthquake
Bosnia and Herzegovina	6.1	October 27, 1969	1969 Banja Luka earthquake
Botswana	6.7 M_L	October 11, 1952	^[108]
Brazil	7.6	November 9, 1963	^[109]
British Indian Ocean Territory	7.3	November 30, 1983	1983 Chagos Archipelago earthquake
Brunei	5.2 mb	February 22, 1992	^[110]
Bulgaria	7.2	March 31, 1901 & April 4, 1904	1901 Black Sea earthquake & 1904 Kresna earthquakes
Burundi	5.4	October 30, 1966	^[111]
Cameroon	5.9	September 12, 1945	^[112]
Canada	8.7–9.2	January 26, 1700	1700 Cascadia earthquake
Cape Verde	6.5	August 15, 1941	^[113]
Caribbean Netherlands	5.2	March 10, 2017	^[114]
Cayman Islands	7.7	January 28, 2020	2020 Caribbean earthquake
Central African Republic	4.9 mb	February 6, 1994	^[115]
Chile	9.4–9.6	May 22, 1960	1960 Valdivia earthquake
China	8.6	August 15, 1950	1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake
Cocos (Keeling) Islands	7.9	June 18, 2000	^[116]
Colombia	8.8	January 31, 1906	1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake
Comoros	6.2	August 23, 1918	^[117]
Congo	5.2	April 26, 1998	^[118]
Costa Rica	7.7	April 22, 1991	1991 Limon earthquake
Croatia	6.7	July 2, 1898	1898 Trilj earthquake
Cuba	7.1	February 20, 1917	^[119]
Cyprus	7.0–7.5	May 11, 1222	1222 Cyprus earthquake
Czech Republic	4.8 M_L	December 23, 1985	^[120]
Democratic Republic of the Congo	6.9	December 13, 1910	^[121]
Denmark	4.4 mb	February 19, 2010	^[122]
Djibouti	6.5	August 20, 1989	^[123]
Dominica	6.4	January 8, 1959	^[124]
Dominican Republic	7.8	August 4, 1946	1946 Dominican Republic earthquake
East Timor	7.2	September 29, 1905	^[125]
Ecuador	8.8	January 31, 1906	1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake
Egypt	7.3	November 22, 1995	1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake
El Salvador	8.0 M_I	December 19, 1862	^[126]
Equatorial Guinea	4.9 mb	March 28, 1999	^[127]
Eritrea	6.6	December 28, 1977	^[128]
Estonia	4.5–4.7 mb	October 25, 1976	Osmussaar earthquake
Eswatini	4.4 mb	August 4, 1987	^[129]
Ethiopia	6.5	August 25, 1906	^[130]
Fiji	8.2	August 19, 2018	2018 Fiji earthquakes
Finland	4.7 M_uk	November 4, 1898	^[131]
France	6.4–6.5 M_uk	January 25, 1799	1799 Vendée earthquake
French Guiana	6.9	August 4, 1885	^[132]
French Polynesia	5.6	March 6, 1965	^[133]
Gabon	6.0	September 23, 1974	^[134]
Georgia (country)	7.0	April 29, 1991	1991 Racha earthquake
Germany	6.4 M_L	February 18, 1756	1756 Düren earthquake
Ghana	6.4	June 22, 1939	^[135]
Greece	8.5+	July 21, 365	365 Crete earthquake
Greenland	7.4	November 20, 1933	1933 Baffin Bay earthquake
Grenada	7.0 M_s	December 3, 1831	^[136]
Guadeloupe	8.5 M_uk	February 8, 1843	1843 Guadeloupe earthquake
Guam	7.8	August 8, 1993	1993 Guam earthquake
Guatemala	7.7	August 6, 1942	1942 Guatemala earthquake
Guinea	6.3	December 22, 1983	1983 Guinea earthquake
Guyana	5.5	January 31, 2021	^[137]
Haiti	8.1 M_s	May 7, 1842	1842 Cap-Haïtien earthquake
Honduras	7.5	January 10, 2018	2018 Swan Islands earthquake
Hong Kong	3.8 M_L	January 5, 2020	^[138]
Hungary	6.2–6.5	June 28, 1763	1763 Komárom earthquake
Iceland	7.0	January 22, 1910	^[139]
India	8.6	August 15, 1950	1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake
Indonesia	9.2–9.3	December 26, 2004	2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
Iran	7.9 M_s	December 22, 856	856 Damghan earthquake
Iraq	7.0	September 22, 1666	^[140]
Ireland	4.0 M_L	June 6, 2012	^[141]
Israel	7.3	December 5, 1033	1033 Jordan Rift Valley earthquake
Italy	7.4	January 11, 1693	1693 Sicily earthquake
Jamaica	7.7	January 28, 2020	2020 Caribbean earthquake
Japan	9.0–9.1	March 11, 2011	2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
Jersey	5.4	July 30, 1926	^[142]
Jordan	7.3	December 5, 1033	1033 Jordan Rift Valley earthquake
Kazakhstan	8.0	July 11, 1889 & January 3, 1911	1889 Chilik earthquake & 1911 Kebin earthquake
Kenya	6.7	January 6, 1928	^[143]
Kiribati	5.9 mb	May 23, 1982	^[144]
Kosovo	6.1 M_L	February 26, 1755 & August 10, 1921	^[145]
Kuwait	4.7 mb	June 2, 1993 & November 11, 2020	^[146]^[147]
Kyrgyzstan	8.0	July 11, 1889 & January 3, 1911	1889 Chilik earthquake & 1911 Kebin earthquake
Laos	6.7	December 22, 1925	^[148]
Lebanon	7.5	July 9, 551	551 Beirut earthquake
Liberia	4.5 mb	November 25, 1995	^[149]
Libya	6.8	April 19, 1935	^[150]
Liechtenstein	3.6	December 12, 2013	^[151]
Luxembourg	2.9 M_L	September 3, 1986	^[152]
Madagascar	6.2	July 4, 1919	^[153]
Malawi	6.3	March 10, 1989	1989 Malawi earthquake
Malaysia	6.6	August 11, 1923	^[154]
Maldives	7.4	February 29, 1944	^[155]
Mali	4.2 mb	January 11, 1999	^[156]
Malta	5.5	April 21, 2023	^[157]
Marshall Islands	5.7	March 22, 1982	^[158]
Martinique	7.5–8.0	January 11, 1839	1839 Martinique earthquake
Mauritania	4.6 mb	September 3, 1993 & March 1, 2012	^[159]^[160]
Mauritius	6.4	June 19, 1976	^[161]
Mayotte	5.9	May 15, 2018	^[162]
Mexico	8.6	March 28, 1787	1787 New Spain earthquake
Federated States of Micronesia	7.8	August 16, 1911	^[163]
Moldova	3.9 mb	April 2, 1988	^[164]
Monaco	6.3	July 19, 1963	^[165]
Mongolia	8.3	July 23, 1905	1905 Bolnai earthquake
Montenegro	6.9	April 15, 1979	1979 Montenegro earthquake
Morocco	6.8	November 27, 1755 & September 8, 2023	1755 Meknes earthquake & 2023 Al Haouz earthquake
Mozambique	7.0	February 22, 2006	2006 Mozambique earthquake
Myanmar	8.5–8.8	April 2, 1762	1762 Arakan earthquake
Namibia	5.4	April 4, 2021	^[166]
Nepal	8.2–8.8	June 6, 1505	1505 Lo Mustang earthquake
Netherlands	5.3	April 13, 1992	1992 Roermond earthquake
New Caledonia	7.9	August 9, 1901	^[167]
New Zealand	8.2	January 23, 1855 & May 1, 1917	1855 Wairarapa earthquake^[168]
Nicaragua	7.7	September 2, 1992	1992 Nicaragua earthquake
Niger	4.6 mb	January 18, 2017	^[169]
Nigeria	4.5 mb	March 7, 2000	^[170]
North Korea	7.7	September 29, 1973	^[171]
North Macedonia	6.7	March 8, 1931	^[172]
Northern Mariana Islands	7.7	December 28, 1940 & July 29, 2016	^[173]^[174]
Norway	6.8	August 30, 2012	^[175]
Oman	5.7	March 30, 1966	^[176]
Pakistan	8.1	November 28, 1945	1945 Balochistan earthquake
Palau	6.5	May 31, 1982	^[177]
Palestine	7.3	December 5, 1033	1033 Jordan Rift Valley earthquake
Panama	7.9–8.3 M_s	September 7, 1882	1882 Panama earthquake
Papua New Guinea	8.2	May 6, 1919	^[178]
Paraguay	6.5	February 28, 1989	^[179]
Peru (now part of present-day Chile)	8.5–9.3	August 13, 1868	1868 Arica earthquake
Philippines	8.3	August 15, 1918	1918 Celebes Sea earthquake
Poland	5.6	December 3, 1786	^[180]
Portugal	8.5–9.0	November 1, 1755	1755 Lisbon earthquake
Puerto Rico	8.0	May 2, 1787	1787 Boricua earthquake
Réunion	5.3 mb	April 5, 2007	^[181]
Romania	7.9	October 26, 1802	1802 Vrancea earthquake
Russia	9.0–9.3	October 16, 1737	1737 Kamchatka earthquake
Rwanda	5.9	February 3, 2008	2008 Lake Kivu earthquake
Saint Barthélemy	5.4	November 18, 1990	^[182]
Saint Kitts and Nevis	6.5	March 16, 1985	^[183]
Saint Lucia	7.3	March 19, 1953	^[184]
Saint Martin	5.0	July 4, 2012	^[185]
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	7.2	November 18, 1929	1929 Grand Banks earthquake
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	6.1	July 6, 1940	^[186]
Samoa	8.3–8.5	June 25, 1917	1917 Samoa earthquake
São Tomé and Príncipe	5.5	December 19, 2019	^[187]
Saudi Arabia	7.3	November 22, 1995	1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake
Senegal	5.5	May 21, 1986	^[188]
Serbia	6.0	May 15, 1927	^[189]
Seychelles	5.2 mb	April 28, 1995	^[190]
Slovakia	6.2–6.5	June 28, 1763	1763 Komárom earthquake
Slovenia	6.1 M_L	April 14, 1895	1895 Ljubljana earthquake
Solomon Islands	8.1	April 1, 2007	2007 Solomon Islands earthquake
Somalia	6.0	January 22, 1929	^[191]
South Africa	6.8	December 31, 1932	^[192]
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	8.1–8.3	August 12, 2021	2021 South Sandwich Islands earthquakes
South Korea	7.5	June 26, 1681	1681 Yangyang earthquake [ko]
South Sudan	7.2	May 20, 1990	1990 South Sudan earthquakes
Spain	7.8	March 29, 1954	^[82]
Sri Lanka	5.7	August 30, 1973	^[193]
Sudan	6.0	May 12, 1938	^[194]
Switzerland	6.0–7.1	October 18, 1356	1356 Basel earthquake
Syria	7.6 M_s	May 20, 1202	1202 Syria earthquake
Taiwan	8.2	June 5, 1920	1920 Hualien earthquake
Tajikistan	7.5	July 10, 1949	1949 Khait earthquake
Tanzania	7.0	July 8, 1919	^[195]
Thailand	6.1	May 5, 2014	2014 Mae Lao earthquake
Tonga	8.3–8.5	June 25, 1917	1917 Samoa earthquake
Trinidad and Tobago	7.5 M_fa	January 10, 1888	^[196]
Tunisia	7.2 or less	October 9, 859	^[197]
Turkey	7.8–8.0 M_s	August 17, 1668	1668 North Anatolia earthquake
Turkmenistan	8.2 M_s	July 7, 1895	^[198]
Tuvalu	5.4	February 5, 1983	^[199]
Uganda	6.5	June 30, 1952	^[200]
Ukraine	6.7	September 11, 1927	1927 Crimean earthquakes
United Arab Emirates	5.0	March 11, 2002	^[201]
United Kingdom	6.1 M_L	June 7, 1931	1931 Dogger Bank earthquake
United States	9.2–9.3	March 27, 1964	1964 Alaska earthquake
U.S. Virgin Islands	7.2	November 18, 1867	1867 Virgin Islands earthquake and tsunami
Uruguay	5.5 M_s	June 5, 1888	1888 Río de la Plata earthquake
Uzbekistan	7.4 M_s	October 21, 1907	1907 Qaratog earthquake
Vanuatu	8.1	September 20, 1920	^[202]
Venezuela	7.6–7.7	April 29, 1894 & October 29, 1900	1894 Venezuelan earthquake^[203] & 1900 San Narciso earthquake
Vietnam	6.8	November 1, 1935	^[204]
Wallis and Futuna	7.6	May 23, 1956	^[205]
Yemen	6.7	December 18, 1908	^[206]
Zambia	6.5	May 1, 1919	^[207]
Zimbabwe	5.5	September 25, 1963	^[208]

Costliest earthquakes

This is the top ten major earthquakes by the US dollar value of property (public and private) losses directly attributable to the earthquake.

Rank	Event	Location	Magnitude	Property damage
1	2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami	Japan	9.1	$360 billion^[209]^[210]
2	1995 Great Hanshin earthquake	Japan	6.9	$200 billion^[211]
3	2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes	Turkey Syria	7.8	$163.6 billion^[212]^[213]
4	2008 Sichuan earthquake	China	7.9	$150 billion^[214]
5	2011 Christchurch earthquake	New Zealand	6.3	$40 billion^[215]
6	2004 Chūetsu earthquake	Japan	6.6	$28 billion^[216]^[217]
7	2011 Sikkim earthquake	India	6.9	$22.3 billion^[218]
8	1999 İzmit earthquake	Turkey	7.6	$20 billion^[216]
9	2009 L'Aquila earthquake	Italy	6.3	$16 billion^[219]
10	2012 Northern Italy earthquakes	Italy	6.1	$15.8 billion^[220]

Most studied earthquakes

The 50 most studied earthquakes according to the International Seismological Centre (ISC), based on a count of scientific papers (mostly in English) that discuss that earthquake. The "Event #" is linked to the ISC Event Bibliography for that event.

Rank	Event origin time	ISC Event #	Papers	ISC code	Event
1	2011-03-11 05:46:23	16461282	2069	TOHOKU2011	2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
2	2008-05-12 06:28:00	13228121	1706	WENCHUAN2008	2008 Sichuan earthquake
3	2004-12-26 00:58:52	7453151	967	SUMATRA2004	2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
4	1999-09-20 17:47:16	1718616	771	CHI-CHI1999	1999 Jiji earthquake
5	1995-01-16 20:46:51	124708	558	SHYOGO1995	1995 Great Hanshin earthquake
6	2010-02-27 06:34:13	14340585	551	MAULE2010	2010 Chile earthquake
7	1994-01-17 12:30:54	189275	548	NORTHRIDGE1994	1994 Northridge earthquake
8	2009-04-06 01:32:42	13438018	525	LAQUILA2009	2009 L'Aquila earthquake
9	1989-10-18 00:04:14	389808	520	LOMAPRIETA1989	1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
10	2015-04-25 06:11:26	607208674	516	GORKHA2015	2015 Nepal earthquake
11	1992-06-28 11:57:35	289086	440	LANDERS1992	1992 Landers earthquake
12	1999-08-17 00:01:38	1655218	428	IZMIT1999	1999 İzmit earthquake
13	2016-04-15 16:25:06	610289055	366	KUMAMOTO2016	2016 Kumamoto earthquakes
14	2013-04-20 00:02:47	607304721	342	LUSHAN2013	2013 Lushan earthquake
15	1964-03-28 03:36:13	869809	333	ALASKA1964	1964 Alaska earthquake
16	1960-05-22 19:11:20	879136	290	VALDIVIA1960	1960 Valdivia earthquake
17	2023-02-06 01:17:34	625613033	277	TURKYIE-SYRIA2023	2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes
18	2016-08-24 01:36:33	611462212	259	AMATRICE2016	2016 Central Italy earthquake
19	2010-09-03 16:35:46	15155483	257	DARFIELD2010	2010 Canterbury earthquake
20	2001-01-26 03:16:40	1763683	256	BHUJ2001	2001 Gujarat earthquake
21	1985-09-19 13:17:50	516095	253	MEXICOCITY1985	1985 Mexico City earthquake
22	2022-01-15 04:14:45	621831271	252	HUNGATONGAHUNGAAPAI2022	2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption and tsunami
23	2016-11-13 11:02:59	615035032	251	KAIKOURA2016	2016 Kaikōura earthquake
24	1971-02-09 14:00:40	787038	244	SANFERNANDO1971	1971 San Fernando earthquake
25	1976-07-27 19:42:53	711732	235	TANGSHAN1976	1976 Tangshan earthquake
26	2003-09-25 19:50:07	7134409	221	TOKACHI-OKI2003	2003 Tokachi earthquake
27	2019-07-06 03:19:55	616203758	221	RIDGECREST2019B	2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes
28	1980-11-23 18:34:52	635924	212	IRPINIA1980	1980 Irpinia earthquake
29	2004-10-23 08:55:58	7421058	205	MID-NIIGATA2004	2004 Chūetsu earthquake
30	2012-05-20 02:03:53	601025379	205	EMILIA2012A	2012 Northern Italy earthquakes
31	2011-02-21 23:51:42	16168897	204	CHRISTCHURCH2011	2011 Christchurch earthquake
32	1976-05-06 20:00:12	713583	199	FRIULI1976	1976 Friuli earthquake
33	2005-03-28 16:09:35	7486110	197	NIAS2005	2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake
34	2004-09-28 17:15:24	7406045	197	PARKFIELD2004	2004 Parkfield earthquake
35	2023-02-06 10:24:50	625614289	195	TURKYIE-SYRIA2023A	2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes
36	2016-10-30 06:40:19	609624987	194	NORCIA2016	2016 Central Italy earthquakes
37	1923-09-01 02:58:35	911526	193	KANTO1923	1923 Great Kantō earthquake
34	1999-10-16 09:46:45	1643776	184	HECTOR-MINE1999	1999 Hector Mine earthquake
35	2005-10-08 03:50:37	7703077	181	KASHMIR2005	2005 Kashmir earthquake
38	2017-08-08 13:19:49	610874246	178	JUIZHAIGOU2017	2017 Jinghe earthquake
39	2001-11-14 09:26:12	2331800	176	KUNLUN2001	2001 Kunlun earthquake
40	2015-09-16 22:54:30	611531714	175	ILLAPEL2015	2015 Illapel earthquake
41	2014-04-01 23:46:47	610102185	167	IQUIQUE2014	2014 Iquique earthquake
42	2021-05-21 18:04:13	620437814	166	MADUO2021	2021 Maduo earthquake
43	1979-10-15 23:16:57	657282	165	IMPERIAL1979	1979 Imperial Valley earthquake
44	2002-11-03 22:12:41	6123395	164	DENALI2002	2002 Denali earthquake
45	1999-11-12 16:57:19	1650092	162	DUZCE1999	1999 Düzce earthquake
46	2010-04-04 22:40:43	600257057	158	EL-MAYOR-CUCAPAH2010	2010 Baja California earthquake
47	2019-07-04 17:33:50	616217956	158	RIDGECREST2019A	2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes
48	2010-01-12 21:53:10	14226221	157	HAITI2010	2010 Haiti earthquake

Modified from figure 2, "The most studied events", at the ISC's Overview of the ISC Event Bibliography.

International Seismological Centre. Event Bibliography. Thatcham, United Kingdom. 2018.

Lists by time period

By century

By decade

By year

Lists by location

By country

Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Argentina
- Mendoza
Armenia
Australia
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Brazil
Bulgaria
Canada
Chile
China
- Sichuan
- Yunnan
Colombia
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Dominican Republic
East Timor
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Eritrea
Ethiopia
France
Fiji
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Guam
Guatemala
Haiti
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran
Italy
- Irpinia
Japan
Kosovo
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Mexico
Morocco
Myanmar
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Pakistan
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Peru
Philippines
Portugal
- Azores
Romania
- Vrancea
Russia
Samoa
Saudi Arabia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
South Africa
South Korea
Spain
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Thailand
Tonga
Turkey
United States
- Alaska
- California
- Hawaii
- Illinois
- Montana
- Nevada
- Oklahoma
- Puerto Rico
- South Carolina
- Texas
- Utah
- Washington
Vanuatu
Venezuela
Yemen

By region

References

^ "Earthquakes with 50,000 or More Deaths". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on September 1, 2009. Retrieved February 12, 2011.
^ Ambraseys, N.N.; Melville, C.P. (2005). A History of Persian Earthquakes. Cambridge Earth Science. Cambridge University Press. p. 175. ISBN 978-0-521-02187-6.
^ Gupta, H. (2011). Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences (2 ed.). Springer. p. 566. ISBN 978-90-481-8701-0.
^ "Death toll of 1920 China earthquake higher than previously estimated". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on August 20, 2013.
^ Utsu, T. "Search Page". Catalog of Damaging Earthquakes in the World (Through 2008). Retrieved June 3, 2010.
^ Sbeinati, Mohamed Reda; Darawchech, Ryad; Mouty, Mikhail (June 2005). "The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D." (PDF). Annals of Geophysics. 48 (3): 347–435. Retrieved October 8, 2015.
^ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.
^ "Earthquakes with 50,000 or More Deaths". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on June 5, 2013. Retrieved March 17, 2012. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ Theodore S. Glickman. [1993] (1993). Acts of God and Acts of Man. DIANE Publishing. ISBN 1-56806-371-7
^ ^a ^b ^c "Most Destructive Known Earthquakes on Record in the World". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on September 1, 2009. Retrieved April 22, 2022.
^ ^a ^b Ambraseys, Nicholas N., "The 12th century seismic paroxysm in the Middle East: a historical perspective" (PDF), Annals of Geophysics, Vol. 47, N. 2/3, April/June 2004, p. 743.
^ "Ruins of the Hongdong Earthquake (1303)". China Virtual Museums. Retrieved November 28, 2015.
^ ^a ^b Grǖnthal G.; Wahlström R. (2009). "A harmonized seismicity data base for the EuroMediterranean region" (PDF). Proceedings of the 27th ECGS Workshop 'Seismicity Patterns in the Euro-Med Region: 15–21.
^ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.
^ "Today in Earthquake History". United States Geological Survey.
^ 颤抖的地球—地震科学 Archived 13 November 2023 at the Wayback Machine (2005). Researched by China Earthquake Administration seismologists 冯万鹏,薑文亮,龚丽霞,公茂盛,胡进军; Revised by CEA seismologists 王文清,续春荣,张宝红; Edited by CEA chiefs 谢礼立,张景发. Tsinghua University Press. Pages XIII, 162. "1556年陕西华县8级大地震，死亡的83万人中, 据估计死于瘟疫者不下七八成" [Among the 830,000 died, it is estimated that no less than 70% or 80% died from plagues]
^ 邬福肇; 曹康泰; 陈章立, eds. (1998). "第三章地震灾害预防". 中华人民共和国防震减灾法释义. 法律出版社. Archived from the original on August 4, 2023. Retrieved August 4, 2023. １５５６年我国陕西的华县８级大地震，共死亡约８３万人，但实际上其中７０多万人死于其后的瘟疫和饥荒。
^ 高东旗; 王常有; 杜玉萍; 王晓燕 (2008). "大地震后传染病的防疫要点". 华北国防医药 (3). 1556年陕西发生大地震，当时死亡10万人，而第2年发生大瘟疫，却死亡70多万人 [100,000 died in 1556, while a plague struck the subsequent year and led to a further death of 700,000-odd.]
^ China Earthquake Administration, ed. (2008). 地震知识百问百答. 地震出版社. Archived from the original on May 9, 2009. 实则直接死于地震的只有十数万人，其余70余万人均死于瘟疫和饥荒 [Actually, direct deaths from earthquake amount to 100,000-odd, the remaining 700,000-odd died from plagues and famine]
^ Haiti Dominates Earthquake Fatalities in 2010 (January 11, 2011), U.S. Geological Survey.
^ Maura R. O'Connor, [Two Years Later, Haitian Earthquake Death Toll in Dispute], Columbia Journalism Review (January 12, 2012).
^ Report challenges Haiti earthquake death toll (June 1, 2011), BBC.
^ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.
^ "22 Mayıs 1971 Bingöl Depremi Ms:6.8". AFAD (in Turkish). Retrieved April 5, 2022.
^ ANSS. "M 6.8 – 32 km E of Uttarkashi, India 1991". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved March 28, 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ "Today in Earthquake History". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved March 27, 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ ANSS. "M 7.9 – 103 km S of Bengkulu, Indonesia 2000". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.3 – 10 km E of Pundong, Indonesia 2006". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.6 – 30 km WSW of Pariaman, Indonesia 2022". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
^ ANSS. "M 7.8 – 27 km SSE of Muisne, Ecuador 2016". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
^ ANSS. "M 7.1 - 2025 Southern Tibetan Plateau Earthquake 2025". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ "Magnitude 8 and Greater Earthquakes Since 1900". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on April 14, 2016.
^ Johnston, Arch C.; Halchuk, Stephen (June–July 1993), "The seismicity data base for the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program", Annali di Geofisica, 36 (3–4): 133–151, pp. 140, 142 et seq.
^ ANSS. "M 9.2 – The 1964 Prince William Sound, Alaska Earthquake 1964". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ Stein, Seth; Okal, Emile A. (January 1, 2007). "Ultralong Period Seismic Study of the December 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Implications for Regional Tectonics and the Subduction Process". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 97 (1A): S279 – S295. Bibcode:2007BuSSA..97S.279S. doi:10.1785/0120050617. ISSN 1943-3573.
^ Fujii, Yushiro; Satake, Kenji; Watada, Shingo; Ho, Tung-Cheng (December 1, 2021). "Re-examination of Slip Distribution of the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman Earthquake (Mw 9.2) by the Inversion of Tsunami Data Using Green's Functions Corrected for Compressible Seawater Over the Elastic Earth". Pure and Applied Geophysics. 178 (12): 4777–4796. doi:10.1007/s00024-021-02909-6. ISSN 1420-9136.
^ Romano, F.; Piatanesi, A.; Lorito, S.; D'Agostino, N.; Hirata, K.; Atzori, S.; Yamazaki, Y.; Cocco, M. (April 27, 2012). "Clues from joint inversion of tsunami and geodetic data of the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake". Scientific Reports. 2 (1): 385. Bibcode:2012NatSR...2E.385R. doi:10.1038/srep00385. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 3338116. PMID 22545193.
^ Wang, Zhen; Kato, Teruyuki; Zhou, Xin; Fukuda, Jun’ichi (November 28, 2016). "Source process with heterogeneous rupture velocity for the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake based on 1-Hz GPS data". Earth, Planets and Space. 68 (1): 193. Bibcode:2016EP&S...68..193W. doi:10.1186/s40623-016-0572-4. ISSN 1880-5981.
^ ANSS. "M 8.6 – 1950 Assam-Tibet Earthquake 1950". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 8.4 - 1933 Sanriku (Sanriku-oki) Earthquake, Japan 1933". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ Carvajal, M.; Cisternas, M.; Catalán, P.A. (2017). "Source of the 1730 Chilean earthquake from historical records: Implications for the future tsunami hazard on the coast of Metropolitan Chile". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 122 (5): 3648–3660. Bibcode:2017JGRB..122.3648C. doi:10.1002/2017JB014063. S2CID 133806784.
^ ^a ^b Jin Junfang; Yin Shuyan; Yan Junping (2014). "Symmetry and tendency judgment of Ms ≥ 8.0 strong earthquakes in Chile". Geodesy and Geodynamics. 5 (1): 34–40. Bibcode:2014G&G.....5...34J. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1246.2014.01034.
^ H. Ringer; J. P. Whitehead; J. Krometis; R. A. Harris; N. Glatt-Holtz; S. Giddens; C. Ashcraft; G. Carver; A. Robertson; M. Harward; J. Fullwood; K. Lightheart; R. Hilton; A. Avery; C. Kesler; M. Morrise; M. H. Klein (2021). "Methodological Reconstruction of Historical Seismic Events From Anecdotal Accounts of Destructive Tsunamis: A Case Study for the Great 1852 Banda Arc Mega-Thrust Earthquake and Tsunami" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 126 (4). arXiv:2009.14272. Bibcode:2021JGRB..12621107R. doi:10.1029/2020JB021107. S2CID 222066748. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 9, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
^ "M 9.3Re-evaluation of Mw of the 1707 Hoei earthquake – near the east coast of Honshu, Japan" (PDF). AIST.
^ "Significant Earthquake Information CHINA: SHANDONG PROVINCE". NGCD. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
^ NCEI Global Historical Hazard Database. "Significant Earthquake Information PORTUGAL: LISBON". ngdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
^ Hough S.E. (2013). "Missing great earthquakes". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 118 (3): 1098–1108. Bibcode:2013JGRB..118.1098H. doi:10.1002/jgrb.50083. S2CID 128458643.
^ ANSS. "M 8.2 - 97 km WNW of Sinabang, Indonesia 1907". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.5 - 6 km S of Copala, Mexico 1908". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.7 - 52 km ESE of Farkh?r, Afghanistan 1909". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 8.1 - 163 km NW of Hirara, Japan 1910". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.9 - 108 km NW of Naze, Japan 1912". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.9 - 32 km NW of Taunggyi, Myanmar 1912". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.9 - 47 km ESE of Kalbay, Philippines 1913". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 8.2 - 130 km SE of Biak, Indonesia 1914". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.8 - 266 km SSW of Severo-Kuril'sk, Russia 1915". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 8.0 - 60 km SE of Kokopo, Papua New Guinea 1916". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 8.2 - Kermadec Islands region 1917". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 8.3 - 75 km SSW of Malisbeng, Philippines 1918". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 8.1 - 166 km ENE of Neiafu, Tonga 1919". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 8.2 - 47 km SE of Hualien City, Taiwan 1920". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.8 - 71 km SSW of Jurm, Afghanistan 1921". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 8.5 - 94 km ENE of Vallenar, Chile 1922". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 8.4 - 121 km ESE of Mil'kovo, Russia 1923". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 8.1 - 6 km E of Tibanbang, Philippines 1924". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.3 - 60 km WNW of Sorong, Indonesia 1925". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.6 - 158 km WSW of Abepura, Indonesia 1926". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.7 - 31 km SSW of Wuwei, China 1927". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 8.0 - 15 km ESE of San Gabriel Mixtepec, Mexico 1928". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 8.1 - South Sandwich Islands region 1929". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.5 - 36 km SSW of Pyu, Myanmar 1930". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.9 - 172 km SE of Altay, China 1931". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 8.1 - 4 km ENE of Tonaya, Mexico 1932". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 8.4 - 1933 Sanriku (Sanriku-oki) Earthquake, Japan 1933". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 8.0 - Nepal 1934". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.8 - New Guinea, Papua New Guinea 1935". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.8 - 161 km SE of Sarangani, Philippines 1936". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.8 – southern Qinghai, China 1937". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 8.1 – 68 km SSW of Gorontalo, Indonesia 1939". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.6 – 138 km SW of Insrom, Indonesia 1947". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.9 – off the east coast of Honshu, Japan 1953". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ^a ^b ANSS. "M 7.8 – Strait of Gibraltar 1954". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.5 – Kermadec Islands region 1955". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.6 – Peru-Brazil border region 1961". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.5 – Fiji region 1962". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 8.2 – Kuril Islands 1969". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 8.0 – Mindanao, Philippines 1972". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.9 – 199 km S of Lata, Solomon Islands 1980". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.6 – off the west coast of the South Island of New Zealand 1981". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.6 – 157 km ESE of Kokopo, Papua New Guinea 1983". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.6 – 85 km SE of Honiara, Solomon Islands 1984". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 8.0 – 85 km SSW of Atka, Alaska 1986". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.9 – 200 km WSW of Yakutat, Alaska 1987". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.8 – Gulf of Alaska 1988". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 8.0, Macquarie Island region 1989". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "1997 M 7.8 – 156 km S of Ust'-Kamchatsk Staryy, Russia". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.8 – 71 km SSW of Jurm, Afghanistan 1909". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.7 – 7 km WNW of Lukovo, North Macedonia 1967". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.4 – 188 km SW of Vailoatai, American Samoa 1944". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.0 – 67 km N of Sumbe, Angola 1914". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.3 – 121 km NNW of The Valley, Anguilla 1906". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ National Geophysical Data Center (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
^ ANSS. "M 8.0 – Macquarie Island region 1989". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.5 – 171 km NNE of Greenland, Barbados 2014". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.5 – 128 km NE of Bathsheba, Barbados 2015". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 4.7 – 55 km ESE of Dangriga, Belize 1985". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 4.4 – 13 km NNE of Abomey-Calavi, Benin 2009". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ Simon, RE; Kwadiba, MTO; King, JG; Moidaki, M (2012). "A History of Botswana's Seismic Network". Botswana Notes and Records. 44: 184–192. JSTOR 43855570.
^ ANSS. "M 7.6 – 132 km SW of Tarauacá, Brazil 1963". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 5.2 – 68 km N of Tutong, Brunei 1992". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 5.4 – 20 km S of Gitega, Burundi 1966". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 5.9 – 93 km NW of Ouésso, Republic of the Congo 1945". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.5 – 267 km NNW of Ponta do Sol, Cabo Verde 1941". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 5.2 – 64 km N of Coro, Venezuela 2017". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 4.9 – 55 km N of Zemio, Central African Republic 1994". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.9 – South Indian Ocean 2000". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.2 – 1 km NNE of Vanadjou, Comoros 1918". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 5.2 – 116 km SW of Impfondo, Republic of the Congo 1998". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.1 – 84 km SW of Niquero, Cuba 1917". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 4.8 – 0 km NW of Skalná, Czechia 1985". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.9 – 39 km WSW of Karema, Tanzania 1910". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 4.4 – 47 km WNW of Thyborøn, Denmark 2010". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.5 – 12 km ENE of Gâlâfi, Djibouti 1989". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.4 – 18 km SSE of Berekua, Dominica iscgem881160". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.2 – 58 km ENE of Lospalos, Timor Leste 1905". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ White, R. A.; Ligorria, J. P.; Cifuentes, I. L. (2004). "Seismic history of the Middle America subduction zone along El Salvador, Guatemala, and Chiapas, Mexico: 1526–2000". Natural Hazards in El Salvador. Geological Society of America. p. 394. ISBN 978-0-8137-2375-4.
^ ANSS. "M 4.9 – 8 km NNW of Malabo, Equatorial Guinea 1999". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.6 – 144 km NE of Massawa, Eritrea 1977". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 4.4 – 16 km ENE of Sidvokodvo, Eswatini 1987". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.5 – 8 km E of Goba, Ethiopia 1906". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ "Largest earthquake in Finland". Sodankylän Geofysiikan Observatorio, Oulun Toimintayksikkö (University of Oulu). Archived from the original on May 28, 2006. Retrieved June 21, 2022.
^ Marcelo Assumpção, Alberto V. Veloso (2020). "The 1885 M 6.9 Earthquake in the French Guiana–Brazil Border: The Largest Midplate Event in the Nineteenth Century in South America". Seismological Research Letters. 91 (5): 2497–2510. Bibcode:2020SeiRL..91.2497A. doi:10.1785/0220190325. S2CID 219502957.
^ ANSS. "M 5.6 – South Pacific Ocean 1965". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.2 – 64 km NNE of Lastoursville, Gabon 1974". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.4 – 8 km ENE of Swedru, Ghana 1939". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ "NCEI Significant Earthquake Information". National Geophysical Data Center. Retrieved January 11, 2022.
^ ANSS. "M 5.5 – 82 km SSE of Lethem, Guyana 2021". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 3.8 – 14 km SW of Tai O, Hong Kong 2020". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.0 – 79 km N of Norðurþing, Iceland 1910". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ Onur, T.; Gok, R.; Abdulnaby, W.; Mahdi, H.; Numan, N.M.; Al-Shukri, H.; Shakir, A.; Chlaib, H.; Ameen, T.H.; Abd, N. (2016). "A Comprehensive Earthquake Catalogue for Iraq in Terms of Moment Magnitude". Seismological Research Letters. 88 (3): 798–811. doi:10.1785/0220160078. OSTI 1466119.
^ ANSS. "M 4.0 – 60 km W of Belmullet, Ireland 2012". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 5.4 – 18 km E of Saint Helier, Jersey 1926". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.7 – 33 km WNW of Nyahururu, Kenya 1928". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 5.9 – Gilbert Islands, Kiribati region 1982". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ "Të gjitha tërmetet që kanë ndodhur në territorin e Kosovës" [All earthquakes that have occurred in the territory of Kosovo] (in Albanian). September 24, 2019.
^ ANSS. "M 4.7 – 44 km S of Al Jahra, Kuwait 1993". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 4.7 – 38 km NW of Al Wafrah, Kuwait 2020". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.7 – 41 km S of Luang Namtha, Laos 1925". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 4.5 – 16 km SW of Tubmanburg, Liberia 1995". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.8 – near the coast of Libya 1935". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 3.6 – 1 km SSW of Balzers, Liechtenstein 2013". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 2.9 – 2 km E of Wilwerwiltz, Luxembourg 1986". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.2 – 283 km WSW of Anakao, Madagascar 1919". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.6 – 26 km NNW of Lahad Datu, Malaysia 1923". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.4 – 212 km E of Fuvahmulah, Maldives 1944". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 4.2 – 75 km NW of Kolokani, Mali 1999". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 5.5 – 109 km SE of Birżebbuġa, Malta 2023". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 5.6 – Marshall Islands region 1982". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 4.6 – Mauritania 1993". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 4.6 – 76 km E of Zouerate, Mauritania 2012". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.1 – 279 km NE of Port Mathurin, Mauritius 1976". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 5.9 – 32 km E of Pamandzi, Mayotte 2018". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.8 – State of Yap, Federated States of Micronesia 1911". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 3.9 – 12 km S of Ocnița, Moldova 1988". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.3 – Ligurian Sea 1963". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 5.4 – 68 km NNW of Khorixas, Namibia 2021". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ National Geophysical Data Center (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
^ ANSS. "M 8.2 – Kermadec Islands region 1917". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 4.6 – 259 km WNW of Bilma, Niger 2017". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 4.5 – 34 km S of Siluko, Nigeria 2000". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.5 – 61 km SSE of Ungsang-nodongjagu, North Korea 1973". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.7 – 3 km SW of Kuklis, North Macedonia 1931". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.7 – Mariana Islands region 1940". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.7 – Pagan region, Northern Mariana Islands 2016". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.8 – 89 km NW of Olonkinbyen, Svalbard and Jan Mayen 2012". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 5.7 – 291 km ESE of Sur, Oman 1966". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.4 – 121 km ESE of Kayangel, Palau 1982". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 8.2 – 183 km ESE of Kokopo, Papua New Guinea 1919". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.5 – 86 km E of General Enrique Mosconi, Argentina 1989". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ Wiejacz, Paweł; Debski, Wojciech (2009). "Podhale, Poland, earthquake of November 30, 2004". Acta Geophysica. 57 (2): 346–366. Bibcode:2009AcGeo..57..346W. doi:10.2478/s11600-009-0007-8. S2CID 128410108.
^ ANSS. "M 5.3 – 15 km WSW of Sainte-Rose, Reunion 2007". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 5.4 – 26 km NE of Upper Hell's Gate; Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba 1990". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.5 – 18 km SE of Market Shop; Saint Kitts and Nevis 1985". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.3 – 18 km WSW of Soufrière, Saint Lucia 1953". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 5.0 – 13 km ESE of Blowing Point Village, Anguilla 2012". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.1 – 13 km W of Barrouallie; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1940". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 5.5 – 87 km ENE of Santo Antonio; Sao Tome and Principe 2019". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 5.5 – 289 km W of Mermoz Boabab, Senegal 1986". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.0 – 8 km WNW of Kragujevac, Serbia 1927". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 5.2 – South Indian Ocean 1995". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.0 – northwestern Somalia 1929". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.8 – 118 km ESE of Richards Bay, South Africa 1932". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 5.9 – 275 km E of Kalmunai, Sri Lanka 1973". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.0 – 70 km SSW of Tokar, Sudan 1938". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.0 – 17 km SSW of Sumbawanga, Tanzania 1919". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ National Geophysical Data Center (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
^ Kázmér, Miklós (May 19, 2020). "Repeated historical earthquakes in Sousse, Monastir and El-Jem (Tunisia)—an archaeoseismological study" (PDF). Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 14 (3): 214. doi:10.1007/s12517-020-06372-w. S2CID 231738302. Retrieved July 22, 2022.
^ National Geophysical Data Center (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
^ ANSS. "M 5.8 – 290 km N of Kulia Village, Tuvalu 1983". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.5 – 53 km N of Rukungiri, Uganda 1952". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 5.0 – 14 km NW of Reef Al Fujairah City, United Arab Emirates 2002". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 8.1 – 97 km WSW of Isangel, Vanuatu 1920". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ Salcedo-Hurtado, Elkin de J.; Audemard, Franck A.; García-Millán, Nathalie (2021). "Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales" [Focal parameters of the April 28, 1894 earthquake in the Venezuelan Andes using macrosismic data]. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales (in Spanish). 45 (175): 591–606. doi:10.18257/raccefyn.1195. ISSN 0370-3908.
^ ANSS. "M 6.8 – 27 km SE of Dien Bien Phu, Vietnam 1935". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 7.6 – 144 km SSW of Leava, Wallis and Futuna 1956". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.7 – 170 km E of Hadibu, Yemen 1908". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 6.5 – 12 km WNW of Chama, Zambia 1919". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ ANSS. "M 5.5 – 38 km SW of Siavonga, Zambia 1963". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
^ Zhang, Bo. "Top 5 Most Expensive Natural Disasters in History". AccuWeather.com. News & Video. Archived from the original on March 31, 2011. Retrieved March 29, 2011.
^ Victoria Kim (March 21, 2011). "Japan damage could reach $235 billion, World Bank estimates". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 31, 2011. Retrieved March 21, 2011.
^ Tierney, Kathleen (1997). Emergency response: lessons learned from the Kobe earthquake. University of Delaware Disaster Research Center.
^ "Deprem bölgesinde fatura borçlarının silinmesi için süre uzatıldı". Milat Gazetsi. August 22, 2023. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
^ "Political failure has killed people in Syria before and after the earthquakes". Counsil for Arab-British Understanding. April 10, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2023.
^ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.
^ "Four years on: Insurance and the Canterbury Earthquakes" (PDF). Deloitte Access Economics. February 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 24, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
^ ^a ^b National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.
^ Guha-Sapir, Debarati; Santos, Indhira; Borde, Alexandre (2013). The Economic Impacts of Natural Disasters. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 252. ISBN 978-0-19-984193-6.
^ Santanu Baruah; Sowrav Saikia; Saurabh Baruah; Pabon K. Bora; Ruben Tatevossian; J. R. Kayal (March 19, 2014). "The September 2011 Sikkim Himalaya earthquake Mw 6.9: is it a plane of detachment earthquake?". Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk. 7: 248–263. doi:10.1080/19475705.2014.895963. S2CID 128915677.
^ "Italy Quake Reconstruction to Cost at Least $16 Billion". Fox News. April 15, 2009. Archived from the original on April 19, 2009. Retrieved October 23, 2012.
^ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) (1972). "Significant Earthquake Database" (Data Set). National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.

External links

USGS-ANSS Latest earthquakes around the world
Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC)
IRIS Seismic Monitor, Recent earthquakes around the world
SeismoArchives, Seismogram Archives of Significant Earthquakes of the World
Recent New Zealand earthquakes
Database for the damage of world earthquake, ancient period (3000 BC) to year of 2006—Building Research Institute (Japan)
20 Largest Earthquakes in the World Since 1900, USGS
Historic Worldwide Earthquakes, magnitude 6.0 and greater, sorted by magnitude, USGS (archived 2009)

This article includes an events-related list of lists.

[1] "Earthquakes with 50,000 or More Deaths". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on September 1, 2009. Retrieved February 12, 2011.

[Ambraseys&Melville-2] Ambraseys, N.N.; Melville, C.P. (2005). A History of Persian Earthquakes. Cambridge Earth Science. Cambridge University Press. p. 175. ISBN 978-0-521-02187-6.

[Gupta-3] Gupta, H. (2011). Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences (2 ed.). Springer. p. 566. ISBN 978-90-481-8701-0.

[news.xinhuanet.com-4] "Death toll of 1920 China earthquake higher than previously estimated". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on August 20, 2013.

[Utsu-5] Utsu, T. "Search Page". Catalog of Damaging Earthquakes in the World (Through 2008). Retrieved June 3, 2010.

[Sbeinati-6] Sbeinati, Mohamed Reda; Darawchech, Ryad; Mouty, Mikhail (June 2005). "The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D." (PDF). Annals of Geophysics. 48 (3): 347–435. Retrieved October 8, 2015.

[NGDC_526-7] National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.

[8] "Earthquakes with 50,000 or More Deaths". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on June 5, 2013. Retrieved March 17, 2012. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[9] Theodore S. Glickman. [1993] (1993). Acts of God and Acts of Man. DIANE Publishing. ISBN 1-56806-371-7

[USGSList-10] "Most Destructive Known Earthquakes on Record in the World". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on September 1, 2009. Retrieved April 22, 2022.

[Ambraseys2004-11] Ambraseys, Nicholas N., "The 12th century seismic paroxysm in the Middle East: a historical perspective" (PDF), Annals of Geophysics, Vol. 47, N. 2/3, April/June 2004, p. 743.

[12] "Ruins of the Hongdong Earthquake (1303)". China Virtual Museums. Retrieved November 28, 2015.

[Grunthal&Wahlstrom_2009-13] Grǖnthal G.; Wahlström R. (2009). "A harmonized seismicity data base for the EuroMediterranean region" (PDF). Proceedings of the 27th ECGS Workshop 'Seismicity Patterns in the Euro-Med Region: 15–21.

[14] National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.

[15] "Today in Earthquake History". United States Geological Survey.

[2005_Xie-16] 颤抖的地球—地震科学 Archived 13 November 2023 at the Wayback Machine (2005). Researched by China Earthquake Administration seismologists 冯万鹏,薑文亮,龚丽霞,公茂盛,胡进军; Revised by CEA seismologists 王文清,续春荣,张宝红; Edited by CEA chiefs 谢礼立,张景发. Tsinghua University Press. Pages XIII, 162. "1556年陕西华县8级大地震，死亡的83万人中, 据估计死于瘟疫者不下七八成" [Among the 830,000 died, it is estimated that no less than 70% or 80% died from plagues]

[1998_law-17] 邬福肇; 曹康泰; 陈章立, eds. (1998). "第三章地震灾害预防". 中华人民共和国防震减灾法释义. 法律出版社. Archived from the original on August 4, 2023. Retrieved August 4, 2023. １５５６年我国陕西的华县８级大地震，共死亡约８３万人，但实际上其中７０多万人死于其后的瘟疫和饥荒。

[2008_Gao-18] 高东旗; 王常有; 杜玉萍; 王晓燕 (2008). "大地震后传染病的防疫要点". 华北国防医药 (3). 1556年陕西发生大地震，当时死亡10万人，而第2年发生大瘟疫，却死亡70多万人 [100,000 died in 1556, while a plague struck the subsequent year and led to a further death of 700,000-odd.]

[2008_Q&A-19] China Earthquake Administration, ed. (2008). 地震知识百问百答. 地震出版社. Archived from the original on May 9, 2009. 实则直接死于地震的只有十数万人，其余70余万人均死于瘟疫和饥荒 [Actually, direct deaths from earthquake amount to 100,000-odd, the remaining 700,000-odd died from plagues and famine]

[20] Haiti Dominates Earthquake Fatalities in 2010 (January 11, 2011), U.S. Geological Survey.

[21] Maura R. O'Connor, [Two Years Later, Haitian Earthquake Death Toll in Dispute], Columbia Journalism Review (January 12, 2012).

[22] Report challenges Haiti earthquake death toll (June 1, 2011), BBC.

[23] National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.

[24] "22 Mayıs 1971 Bingöl Depremi Ms:6.8". AFAD (in Turkish). Retrieved April 5, 2022.

[25] ANSS. "M 6.8 – 32 km E of Uttarkashi, India 1991". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved March 28, 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[26] "Today in Earthquake History". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved March 27, 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[27] ANSS. "M 7.9 – 103 km S of Bengkulu, Indonesia 2000". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[28] ANSS. "M 6.3 – 10 km E of Pundong, Indonesia 2006". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[29] ANSS. "M 7.6 – 30 km WSW of Pariaman, Indonesia 2022". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved January 8, 2022.

[30] ANSS. "M 7.8 – 27 km SSE of Muisne, Ecuador 2016". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved January 8, 2022.

[31] ANSS. "M 7.1 - 2025 Southern Tibetan Plateau Earthquake 2025". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[32] "Magnitude 8 and Greater Earthquakes Since 1900". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on April 14, 2016.

[33] Johnston, Arch C.; Halchuk, Stephen (June–July 1993), "The seismicity data base for the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program", Annali di Geofisica, 36 (3–4): 133–151, pp. 140, 142 et seq.

[alaska64-34] ANSS. "M 9.2 – The 1964 Prince William Sound, Alaska Earthquake 1964". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[35] Stein, Seth; Okal, Emile A. (January 1, 2007). "Ultralong Period Seismic Study of the December 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Implications for Regional Tectonics and the Subduction Process". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 97 (1A): S279 – S295. Bibcode:2007BuSSA..97S.279S. doi:10.1785/0120050617. ISSN 1943-3573.

[36] Fujii, Yushiro; Satake, Kenji; Watada, Shingo; Ho, Tung-Cheng (December 1, 2021). "Re-examination of Slip Distribution of the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman Earthquake (Mw 9.2) by the Inversion of Tsunami Data Using Green's Functions Corrected for Compressible Seawater Over the Elastic Earth". Pure and Applied Geophysics. 178 (12): 4777–4796. doi:10.1007/s00024-021-02909-6. ISSN 1420-9136.

[37] Romano, F.; Piatanesi, A.; Lorito, S.; D'Agostino, N.; Hirata, K.; Atzori, S.; Yamazaki, Y.; Cocco, M. (April 27, 2012). "Clues from joint inversion of tsunami and geodetic data of the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake". Scientific Reports. 2 (1): 385. Bibcode:2012NatSR...2E.385R. doi:10.1038/srep00385. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 3338116. PMID 22545193.

[38] Wang, Zhen; Kato, Teruyuki; Zhou, Xin; Fukuda, Jun’ichi (November 28, 2016). "Source process with heterogeneous rupture velocity for the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake based on 1-Hz GPS data". Earth, Planets and Space. 68 (1): 193. Bibcode:2016EP&S...68..193W. doi:10.1186/s40623-016-0572-4. ISSN 1880-5981.

[usgs-39] ANSS. "M 8.6 – 1950 Assam-Tibet Earthquake 1950". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[40] ANSS. "M 8.4 - 1933 Sanriku (Sanriku-oki) Earthquake, Japan 1933". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[Carvajal_etal_2017-41] Carvajal, M.; Cisternas, M.; Catalán, P.A. (2017). "Source of the 1730 Chilean earthquake from historical records: Implications for the future tsunami hazard on the coast of Metropolitan Chile". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 122 (5): 3648–3660. Bibcode:2017JGRB..122.3648C. doi:10.1002/2017JB014063. S2CID 133806784.

[Junfang-42] Jin Junfang; Yin Shuyan; Yan Junping (2014). "Symmetry and tendency judgment of Ms ≥ 8.0 strong earthquakes in Chile". Geodesy and Geodynamics. 5 (1): 34–40. Bibcode:2014G&G.....5...34J. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1246.2014.01034.

[Ringer-43] H. Ringer; J. P. Whitehead; J. Krometis; R. A. Harris; N. Glatt-Holtz; S. Giddens; C. Ashcraft; G. Carver; A. Robertson; M. Harward; J. Fullwood; K. Lightheart; R. Hilton; A. Avery; C. Kesler; M. Morrise; M. H. Klein (2021). "Methodological Reconstruction of Historical Seismic Events From Anecdotal Accounts of Destructive Tsunamis: A Case Study for the Great 1852 Banda Arc Mega-Thrust Earthquake and Tsunami" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 126 (4). arXiv:2009.14272. Bibcode:2021JGRB..12621107R. doi:10.1029/2020JB021107. S2CID 222066748. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 9, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2021.

[Hoei_1707-44] "M 9.3Re-evaluation of Mw of the 1707 Hoei earthquake – near the east coast of Honshu, Japan" (PDF). AIST.

[45] "Significant Earthquake Information CHINA: SHANDONG PROVINCE". NGCD. Retrieved December 9, 2020.

[46] NCEI Global Historical Hazard Database. "Significant Earthquake Information PORTUGAL: LISBON". ngdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved February 1, 2021.

[Hough-47] Hough S.E. (2013). "Missing great earthquakes". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 118 (3): 1098–1108. Bibcode:2013JGRB..118.1098H. doi:10.1002/jgrb.50083. S2CID 128458643.

[48] ANSS. "M 8.2 - 97 km WNW of Sinabang, Indonesia 1907". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[49] ANSS. "M 7.5 - 6 km S of Copala, Mexico 1908". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[50] ANSS. "M 7.7 - 52 km ESE of Farkh?r, Afghanistan 1909". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[51] ANSS. "M 8.1 - 163 km NW of Hirara, Japan 1910". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[52] ANSS. "M 7.9 - 108 km NW of Naze, Japan 1912". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[53] ANSS. "M 7.9 - 32 km NW of Taunggyi, Myanmar 1912". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[54] ANSS. "M 7.9 - 47 km ESE of Kalbay, Philippines 1913". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[55] ANSS. "M 8.2 - 130 km SE of Biak, Indonesia 1914". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[56] ANSS. "M 7.8 - 266 km SSW of Severo-Kuril'sk, Russia 1915". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[57] ANSS. "M 8.0 - 60 km SE of Kokopo, Papua New Guinea 1916". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[58] ANSS. "M 8.2 - Kermadec Islands region 1917". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[59] ANSS. "M 8.3 - 75 km SSW of Malisbeng, Philippines 1918". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[60] ANSS. "M 8.1 - 166 km ENE of Neiafu, Tonga 1919". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[61] ANSS. "M 8.2 - 47 km SE of Hualien City, Taiwan 1920". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[62] ANSS. "M 7.8 - 71 km SSW of Jurm, Afghanistan 1921". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[63] ANSS. "M 8.5 - 94 km ENE of Vallenar, Chile 1922". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[64] ANSS. "M 8.4 - 121 km ESE of Mil'kovo, Russia 1923". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[65] ANSS. "M 8.1 - 6 km E of Tibanbang, Philippines 1924". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[66] ANSS. "M 7.3 - 60 km WNW of Sorong, Indonesia 1925". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[67] ANSS. "M 7.6 - 158 km WSW of Abepura, Indonesia 1926". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[68] ANSS. "M 7.7 - 31 km SSW of Wuwei, China 1927". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[69] ANSS. "M 8.0 - 15 km ESE of San Gabriel Mixtepec, Mexico 1928". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[70] ANSS. "M 8.1 - South Sandwich Islands region 1929". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[71] ANSS. "M 7.5 - 36 km SSW of Pyu, Myanmar 1930". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[72] ANSS. "M 7.9 - 172 km SE of Altay, China 1931". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[73] ANSS. "M 8.1 - 4 km ENE of Tonaya, Mexico 1932". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[74] ANSS. "M 8.4 - 1933 Sanriku (Sanriku-oki) Earthquake, Japan 1933". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[75] ANSS. "M 8.0 - Nepal 1934". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[76] ANSS. "M 7.8 - New Guinea, Papua New Guinea 1935". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[77] ANSS. "M 7.8 - 161 km SE of Sarangani, Philippines 1936". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[78] ANSS. "M 7.8 – southern Qinghai, China 1937". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[79] ANSS. "M 8.1 – 68 km SSW of Gorontalo, Indonesia 1939". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[80] ANSS. "M 7.6 – 138 km SW of Insrom, Indonesia 1947". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[81] ANSS. "M 7.9 – off the east coast of Honshu, Japan 1953". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[auto-82] ANSS. "M 7.8 – Strait of Gibraltar 1954". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[83] ANSS. "M 7.5 – Kermadec Islands region 1955". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[84] ANSS. "M 7.6 – Peru-Brazil border region 1961". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[85] ANSS. "M 7.5 – Fiji region 1962". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[86] ANSS. "M 8.2 – Kuril Islands 1969". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[87] ANSS. "M 8.0 – Mindanao, Philippines 1972". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[88] ANSS. "M 7.9 – 199 km S of Lata, Solomon Islands 1980". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[89] ANSS. "M 7.6 – off the west coast of the South Island of New Zealand 1981". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[90] ANSS. "M 7.6 – 157 km ESE of Kokopo, Papua New Guinea 1983". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[91] ANSS. "M 7.6 – 85 km SE of Honiara, Solomon Islands 1984". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[92] ANSS. "M 8.0 – 85 km SSW of Atka, Alaska 1986". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[93] ANSS. "M 7.9 – 200 km WSW of Yakutat, Alaska 1987". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[94] ANSS. "M 7.8 – Gulf of Alaska 1988". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[95] ANSS. "M 8.0, Macquarie Island region 1989". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[96] ANSS. "1997 M 7.8 – 156 km S of Ust'-Kamchatsk Staryy, Russia". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[97] ANSS. "M 7.8 – 71 km SSW of Jurm, Afghanistan 1909". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[98] ANSS. "M 6.7 – 7 km WNW of Lukovo, North Macedonia 1967". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[99] ANSS. "M 6.4 – 188 km SW of Vailoatai, American Samoa 1944". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[100] ANSS. "M 6.0 – 67 km N of Sumbe, Angola 1914". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[101] ANSS. "M 6.3 – 121 km NNW of The Valley, Anguilla 1906". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[102] National Geophysical Data Center (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Retrieved June 9, 2024.

[103] ANSS. "M 8.0 – Macquarie Island region 1989". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[104] ANSS. "M 6.5 – 171 km NNE of Greenland, Barbados 2014". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[105] ANSS. "M 6.5 – 128 km NE of Bathsheba, Barbados 2015". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[106] ANSS. "M 4.7 – 55 km ESE of Dangriga, Belize 1985". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[107] ANSS. "M 4.4 – 13 km NNE of Abomey-Calavi, Benin 2009". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[108] Simon, RE; Kwadiba, MTO; King, JG; Moidaki, M (2012). "A History of Botswana's Seismic Network". Botswana Notes and Records. 44: 184–192. JSTOR 43855570.

[109] ANSS. "M 7.6 – 132 km SW of Tarauacá, Brazil 1963". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[110] ANSS. "M 5.2 – 68 km N of Tutong, Brunei 1992". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[111] ANSS. "M 5.4 – 20 km S of Gitega, Burundi 1966". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[112] ANSS. "M 5.9 – 93 km NW of Ouésso, Republic of the Congo 1945". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[113] ANSS. "M 6.5 – 267 km NNW of Ponta do Sol, Cabo Verde 1941". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[114] ANSS. "M 5.2 – 64 km N of Coro, Venezuela 2017". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[115] ANSS. "M 4.9 – 55 km N of Zemio, Central African Republic 1994". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[116] ANSS. "M 7.9 – South Indian Ocean 2000". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[117] ANSS. "M 6.2 – 1 km NNE of Vanadjou, Comoros 1918". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[118] ANSS. "M 5.2 – 116 km SW of Impfondo, Republic of the Congo 1998". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[119] ANSS. "M 7.1 – 84 km SW of Niquero, Cuba 1917". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[120] ANSS. "M 4.8 – 0 km NW of Skalná, Czechia 1985". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[121] ANSS. "M 6.9 – 39 km WSW of Karema, Tanzania 1910". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[122] ANSS. "M 4.4 – 47 km WNW of Thyborøn, Denmark 2010". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[123] ANSS. "M 6.5 – 12 km ENE of Gâlâfi, Djibouti 1989". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[124] ANSS. "M 6.4 – 18 km SSE of Berekua, Dominica iscgem881160". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[125] ANSS. "M 7.2 – 58 km ENE of Lospalos, Timor Leste 1905". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[126] White, R. A.; Ligorria, J. P.; Cifuentes, I. L. (2004). "Seismic history of the Middle America subduction zone along El Salvador, Guatemala, and Chiapas, Mexico: 1526–2000". Natural Hazards in El Salvador. Geological Society of America. p. 394. ISBN 978-0-8137-2375-4.

[127] ANSS. "M 4.9 – 8 km NNW of Malabo, Equatorial Guinea 1999". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[128] ANSS. "M 6.6 – 144 km NE of Massawa, Eritrea 1977". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[129] ANSS. "M 4.4 – 16 km ENE of Sidvokodvo, Eswatini 1987". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[130] ANSS. "M 6.5 – 8 km E of Goba, Ethiopia 1906". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[FinLargest-131] "Largest earthquake in Finland". Sodankylän Geofysiikan Observatorio, Oulun Toimintayksikkö (University of Oulu). Archived from the original on May 28, 2006. Retrieved June 21, 2022.

[Assumpçao-132] Marcelo Assumpção, Alberto V. Veloso (2020). "The 1885 M 6.9 Earthquake in the French Guiana–Brazil Border: The Largest Midplate Event in the Nineteenth Century in South America". Seismological Research Letters. 91 (5): 2497–2510. Bibcode:2020SeiRL..91.2497A. doi:10.1785/0220190325. S2CID 219502957.

[133] ANSS. "M 5.6 – South Pacific Ocean 1965". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[134] ANSS. "M 6.2 – 64 km NNE of Lastoursville, Gabon 1974". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[135] ANSS. "M 6.4 – 8 km ENE of Swedru, Ghana 1939". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[136] "NCEI Significant Earthquake Information". National Geophysical Data Center. Retrieved January 11, 2022.

[137] ANSS. "M 5.5 – 82 km SSE of Lethem, Guyana 2021". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[138] ANSS. "M 3.8 – 14 km SW of Tai O, Hong Kong 2020". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[139] ANSS. "M 7.0 – 79 km N of Norðurþing, Iceland 1910". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[Onur_etal_2016-140] Onur, T.; Gok, R.; Abdulnaby, W.; Mahdi, H.; Numan, N.M.; Al-Shukri, H.; Shakir, A.; Chlaib, H.; Ameen, T.H.; Abd, N. (2016). "A Comprehensive Earthquake Catalogue for Iraq in Terms of Moment Magnitude". Seismological Research Letters. 88 (3): 798–811. doi:10.1785/0220160078. OSTI 1466119.

[141] ANSS. "M 4.0 – 60 km W of Belmullet, Ireland 2012". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[142] ANSS. "M 5.4 – 18 km E of Saint Helier, Jersey 1926". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[143] ANSS. "M 6.7 – 33 km WNW of Nyahururu, Kenya 1928". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[144] ANSS. "M 5.9 – Gilbert Islands, Kiribati region 1982". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[145] "Të gjitha tërmetet që kanë ndodhur në territorin e Kosovës" [All earthquakes that have occurred in the territory of Kosovo] (in Albanian). September 24, 2019.

[146] ANSS. "M 4.7 – 44 km S of Al Jahra, Kuwait 1993". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[147] ANSS. "M 4.7 – 38 km NW of Al Wafrah, Kuwait 2020". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[148] ANSS. "M 6.7 – 41 km S of Luang Namtha, Laos 1925". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[149] ANSS. "M 4.5 – 16 km SW of Tubmanburg, Liberia 1995". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[150] ANSS. "M 6.8 – near the coast of Libya 1935". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[151] ANSS. "M 3.6 – 1 km SSW of Balzers, Liechtenstein 2013". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[152] ANSS. "M 2.9 – 2 km E of Wilwerwiltz, Luxembourg 1986". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[153] ANSS. "M 6.2 – 283 km WSW of Anakao, Madagascar 1919". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[154] ANSS. "M 6.6 – 26 km NNW of Lahad Datu, Malaysia 1923". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[155] ANSS. "M 7.4 – 212 km E of Fuvahmulah, Maldives 1944". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[156] ANSS. "M 4.2 – 75 km NW of Kolokani, Mali 1999". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[157] ANSS. "M 5.5 – 109 km SE of Birżebbuġa, Malta 2023". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[158] ANSS. "M 5.6 – Marshall Islands region 1982". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[159] ANSS. "M 4.6 – Mauritania 1993". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[160] ANSS. "M 4.6 – 76 km E of Zouerate, Mauritania 2012". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[161] ANSS. "M 6.1 – 279 km NE of Port Mathurin, Mauritius 1976". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[162] ANSS. "M 5.9 – 32 km E of Pamandzi, Mayotte 2018". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[163] ANSS. "M 7.8 – State of Yap, Federated States of Micronesia 1911". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[164] ANSS. "M 3.9 – 12 km S of Ocnița, Moldova 1988". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[165] ANSS. "M 6.3 – Ligurian Sea 1963". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[166] ANSS. "M 5.4 – 68 km NNW of Khorixas, Namibia 2021". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[167] National Geophysical Data Center (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Retrieved June 9, 2024.

[168] ANSS. "M 8.2 – Kermadec Islands region 1917". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[169] ANSS. "M 4.6 – 259 km WNW of Bilma, Niger 2017". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[170] ANSS. "M 4.5 – 34 km S of Siluko, Nigeria 2000". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[171] ANSS. "M 6.5 – 61 km SSE of Ungsang-nodongjagu, North Korea 1973". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[172] ANSS. "M 6.7 – 3 km SW of Kuklis, North Macedonia 1931". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[173] ANSS. "M 7.7 – Mariana Islands region 1940". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[174] ANSS. "M 7.7 – Pagan region, Northern Mariana Islands 2016". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[175] ANSS. "M 6.8 – 89 km NW of Olonkinbyen, Svalbard and Jan Mayen 2012". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[176] ANSS. "M 5.7 – 291 km ESE of Sur, Oman 1966". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[177] ANSS. "M 6.4 – 121 km ESE of Kayangel, Palau 1982". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[178] ANSS. "M 8.2 – 183 km ESE of Kokopo, Papua New Guinea 1919". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[179] ANSS. "M 6.5 – 86 km E of General Enrique Mosconi, Argentina 1989". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[180] Wiejacz, Paweł; Debski, Wojciech (2009). "Podhale, Poland, earthquake of November 30, 2004". Acta Geophysica. 57 (2): 346–366. Bibcode:2009AcGeo..57..346W. doi:10.2478/s11600-009-0007-8. S2CID 128410108.

[181] ANSS. "M 5.3 – 15 km WSW of Sainte-Rose, Reunion 2007". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[182] ANSS. "M 5.4 – 26 km NE of Upper Hell's Gate; Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba 1990". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[183] ANSS. "M 6.5 – 18 km SE of Market Shop; Saint Kitts and Nevis 1985". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[184] ANSS. "M 7.3 – 18 km WSW of Soufrière, Saint Lucia 1953". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[185] ANSS. "M 5.0 – 13 km ESE of Blowing Point Village, Anguilla 2012". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[186] ANSS. "M 6.1 – 13 km W of Barrouallie; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1940". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[187] ANSS. "M 5.5 – 87 km ENE of Santo Antonio; Sao Tome and Principe 2019". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[188] ANSS. "M 5.5 – 289 km W of Mermoz Boabab, Senegal 1986". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[189] ANSS. "M 6.0 – 8 km WNW of Kragujevac, Serbia 1927". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[190] ANSS. "M 5.2 – South Indian Ocean 1995". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[191] ANSS. "M 6.0 – northwestern Somalia 1929". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[192] ANSS. "M 6.8 – 118 km ESE of Richards Bay, South Africa 1932". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[193] ANSS. "M 5.9 – 275 km E of Kalmunai, Sri Lanka 1973". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[194] ANSS. "M 6.0 – 70 km SSW of Tokar, Sudan 1938". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[195] ANSS. "M 7.0 – 17 km SSW of Sumbawanga, Tanzania 1919". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[196] National Geophysical Data Center (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Retrieved June 9, 2024.

[197] Kázmér, Miklós (May 19, 2020). "Repeated historical earthquakes in Sousse, Monastir and El-Jem (Tunisia)—an archaeoseismological study" (PDF). Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 14 (3): 214. doi:10.1007/s12517-020-06372-w. S2CID 231738302. Retrieved July 22, 2022.

[198] National Geophysical Data Center (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Retrieved June 9, 2024.

[199] ANSS. "M 5.8 – 290 km N of Kulia Village, Tuvalu 1983". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[200] ANSS. "M 6.5 – 53 km N of Rukungiri, Uganda 1952". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[201] ANSS. "M 5.0 – 14 km NW of Reef Al Fujairah City, United Arab Emirates 2002". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[202] ANSS. "M 8.1 – 97 km WSW of Isangel, Vanuatu 1920". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[Salcedo-Hurtado1-203] Salcedo-Hurtado, Elkin de J.; Audemard, Franck A.; García-Millán, Nathalie (2021). "Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales" [Focal parameters of the April 28, 1894 earthquake in the Venezuelan Andes using macrosismic data]. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales (in Spanish). 45 (175): 591–606. doi:10.18257/raccefyn.1195. ISSN 0370-3908.

[204] ANSS. "M 6.8 – 27 km SE of Dien Bien Phu, Vietnam 1935". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[205] ANSS. "M 7.6 – 144 km SSW of Leava, Wallis and Futuna 1956". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[206] ANSS. "M 6.7 – 170 km E of Hadibu, Yemen 1908". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[207] ANSS. "M 6.5 – 12 km WNW of Chama, Zambia 1919". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[208] ANSS. "M 5.5 – 38 km SW of Siavonga, Zambia 1963". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.

[209] Zhang, Bo. "Top 5 Most Expensive Natural Disasters in History". AccuWeather.com. News & Video. Archived from the original on March 31, 2011. Retrieved March 29, 2011.

[210] Victoria Kim (March 21, 2011). "Japan damage could reach $235 billion, World Bank estimates". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 31, 2011. Retrieved March 21, 2011.

[211] Tierney, Kathleen (1997). Emergency response: lessons learned from the Kobe earthquake. University of Delaware Disaster Research Center.

[212] "Deprem bölgesinde fatura borçlarının silinmesi için süre uzatıldı". Milat Gazetsi. August 22, 2023. Retrieved November 9, 2023.

[213] "Political failure has killed people in Syria before and after the earthquakes". Counsil for Arab-British Understanding. April 10, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2023.

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[215] "Four years on: Insurance and the Canterbury Earthquakes" (PDF). Deloitte Access Economics. February 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 24, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2016.

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[217] Guha-Sapir, Debarati; Santos, Indhira; Borde, Alexandre (2013). The Economic Impacts of Natural Disasters. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 252. ISBN 978-0-19-984193-6.

[218] Santanu Baruah; Sowrav Saikia; Saurabh Baruah; Pabon K. Bora; Ruben Tatevossian; J. R. Kayal (March 19, 2014). "The September 2011 Sikkim Himalaya earthquake Mw 6.9: is it a plane of detachment earthquake?". Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk. 7: 248–263. doi:10.1080/19475705.2014.895963. S2CID 128915677.

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v t e Earthquakes by year
19th century	1900
20th century	1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
21st century	2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Historical earthquakes Lists of earthquakes