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{{Short description|Founder of Shishunaga dynasty (ruled c. 413 – 395 BCE)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
{{Infobox royalty
| succession = Founder of [[Shishunaga dynasty]]
| succession = [[List of monarchs of Magadha#House of Shaishunaga|King of Magadha]]
| reign = {{circa|412|395 BCE}}
| reign = {{circa|413|395 BCE}}
| predecessor = [[Nāgadāsaka]] (of [[Haryanka dynasty]])
| predecessor = [[Nāgadāsaka]] (of [[Haryanka dynasty]])
| successor = Kalashoka (Kakavarna)
| successor = [[Kalashoka]] (Kakavarna)
| issue = Kalashoka
| issue = [[Kalashoka]]
| dynasty = [[Shishunaga dynasty|Shishunaga]]
| dynasty = [[Shishunaga dynasty|Shishunaga]]
}}
}}
'''Shishunaga''' (or Shusunaga) (c. 444 – 363 BCE) was the founder of the [[Shishunaga dynasty]] of the [[Magadha|Magadha Empire]] in the present day northern [[India]]. Initially, he was an ''amatya'' (official) of the Magadha empire under the [[Haryanka dynasty]]. He was placed on the throne by the people who revolted against the Haryanka dynasty rule. The [[Puranas]] tell us that he placed his son at [[Varanasi]] and himself ruled from Girivraja ([[Rajgir|Rajagriha]]). He was succeeded by his son Kalashoka (Kakavarna).
'''Shishunaga''' ([[IAST]]: Śiśunāga, or Shusunaga) ({{Circa|413}} – 395 BCE) was the founder of the [[Shishunaga dynasty]] of the [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha Empire]] in the present day northern [[India]]. Initially, he was an ''amatya'' (official) of the Magadha empire under the [[Haryanka dynasty]]. He was placed on the throne by the people who revolted against the Haryanka dynasty rule. According to the [[Puranas]], he placed his son at [[Varanasi]] and himself ruled from Girivraja ([[Rajgir|Rajagriha]]). He was succeeded by his son Kalashoka (Kakavarna).


==Early life==
==Early life==
According to the ''Mahavamsatika'', Shishunaga was a son of a [[Licchavi (clan)|Licchavi]] ruler of [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vaishali]].{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=272}} He was conceived by a ''nagara-shobhini'' and brought up an officer of state. At the time of the revolt, he was a viceroy at [[Varanasi]] of king [[Nagadasaka]], the last ruler of the Haryanka dynasty.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1972|pp=193–5}}
According to the ''Mahavamsatika'', Shishunaga was a son of a [[Licchavi (tribe)|Licchavi]] ruler of [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vaishali]].{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=272}} He was conceived by a ''nagara-shobhini'' and brought up an officer of state. At the time of the revolt, he was a viceroy at [[Varanasi]] of king [[Nagadasaka]], the last ruler of the Haryanka dynasty.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1972|pp=193–5}}


==Reign==
==Reign==
Shishunaga ruled from 413 BCE to 395 BCE.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1972|p=201}}{{sfn|Thapar|1990|p=}} Initially, his capital was Rajagriha and [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vaishali]] was his second royal residence. Later he shifted his capital to Vaishali. His most significant achievement was the destruction of the 'glory' of the [[Pradyota dynasty]] of the [[Avanti (India)|Avanti]] kingdom. Most probably the king of Avanti whom Shishunaga humbled was Avantivardhana. The Magadhan victory must have been helped by the revolution that placed Aryaka on the thone of [[Ujjain|Ujjayini]].{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1972|pp=193–5}}
Shishunaga ruled from 413 BCE to 395 BCE.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1972|p=201}}{{sfn|Thapar|1990|p=}} Initially, his capital was Rajagriha and [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vaishali]] was his second royal residence. Later he shifted his capital to Vaishali. He conquered [[Avanti (Ancient India)|Avanti kingdom]] by defeating Nandivardhana or Avantivardhana, the last king of [[Pradyota dynasty]].{{sfn|Kailash Chand Jain|1972|p=103}} The Magadhan victory must have been helped by the revolution that placed Aryaka on the throne of [[Ujjain|Ujjayini]].{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1972|pp=193–5}}


The [[Puranas]] tell us that he placed his son at [[Varanasi]] and himself ruled from Girivraja ([[Rajgir|Rajagriha]]).{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1972|p=193}}{{sfn|Mahajan|2007|pp=250–1}}
The [[Puranas]] tell us that he placed his son at [[Varanasi]] and himself ruled from Girivraja ([[Rajgir|Rajagriha]]).{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1972|p=193}}{{sfn|Mahajan|2007|pp=250–1}}


==Expansion==
==Expansion==
He destroyed [[Pradyota dynasty]] of [[Avanti (Ancient India)|Avanti]] and conquered kingdoms of [[Kosala]] and [[Vatsa]].{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=272}}
During Shishunag's rule practically the whole of India (present day India excluding the regions of Tamil Nadu south of Madurai, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Afghanistan and North-East Bangladesh) was under his rule. In 425 BC he annexed Jaipur to his empire.
By 405 BC he subdued the last of [[Mahajanapada|mahajanapadas]]. From period of 422 BC to 415 BC he annexed Sindh, Multan, Lahore, Kabul, Herat, Chagcharan, Anjuri, Kandahar, Karachi and Vellore. His Territories spread up to [[Kochi]] and [[Madurai]] in the South to Shardu and Danyor in the North, [[Murshidabad]] and [[Gabtali Upazila|Dakhinpara]] and [[Hamren]] in the East to Mand and Herat in the West in 413 BC.{{cn|date=October 2015}}


==Successor==
He was succeeded by his son Kalashoka (Kakavarna).{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1972|pp=193–5}}
He was succeeded by his son [[Kalashoka]] ([[Kakavarna]]).{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1972|pp=193–5}}{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=272}}


==Notes==
==See also==
*[[Avanti-Magadhan Wars]]
⚫
{{reflist|30em}}


==References==
==References==

===Citations===
⚫
{{reflist|30em}}

===Sources===
* {{citation |last=Jain |first=Kailash Chand |author-link=Kailash Chand Jain |title=Malwa Through the Ages |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_3O7q7cU7k0C |date=1972 |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |edition=First |isbn=978-81-208-0805-8 |ref={{sfnref|Kailash Chand Jain|1972}} }}
* {{citation
* {{citation
| surname1 = Mahajan
| surname1 = Mahajan
| given1 = V.D.
| given1 = V.D.
| origyear = 1960| year = 2007
| orig-year = 1960| year = 2007
| title = Ancient India
| title = Ancient India
| publisher = New Delhi: S. Chand
| publisher = New Delhi: S. Chand
| isbn = 81-219-0887-6
| isbn = 81-219-0887-6
}}
}}
* {{citation |last=Raychaudhuri |first=H.C. |authorlink=H.C. Raychaudhuri |date=1972 |title=Political History of Ancient India |url=https://archive.org/details/politicalhistory00raycuoft |publisher=[[University of Calcutta]] |location=[[Calcutta]] }}
* {{citation |last=Raychaudhuri |first=H.C. |author-link=H.C. Raychaudhuri |date=1972 |title=Political History of Ancient India |url=https://archive.org/details/politicalhistory00raycuoft |publisher=[[University of Calcutta]] |location=[[Calcutta]] }}
* {{citation |last=Singh |first=Upinder |authorlink=Upinder Singh |title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Pq2iCwAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Pearson Education]] |date=2016 |isbn=978-93-325-6996-6 |ref={{sfnref|Upinder Singh|2016}} }}
* {{citation |last=Singh |first=Upinder |author-link=Upinder Singh |title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pq2iCwAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Pearson Education]] |date=2016 |isbn=978-93-325-6996-6 |ref={{sfnref|Upinder Singh|2016}} }}
* {{citation |last=Thapar |first=Romila |authorlink=Romila Thapar |title=A History of India |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=1Y02AiEu1kcC |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |volume=1 |date=1990 |orig-year=1966 |isbn=978-0-14-194976-5 }}
* {{citation |last=Thapar |first=Romila |author-link=Romila Thapar |title=A History of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Y02AiEu1kcC |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |volume=1 |date=1990 |orig-year=1966 |isbn=978-0-14-194976-5 }}


⚫
[[Category:Mahajanapadas]]
[[Category:4th-century BC Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:4th-century BC Indian monarchs]]
⚫
[[Category:Kings of Magadha]]
[[Category:Shaishunaga dynasty]]




Latest revision as of 11:23, 23 November 2024

Shishunaga
King of Magadha
Reignc. 413 – c. 395 BCE
PredecessorNāgadāsaka (of Haryanka dynasty)
SuccessorKalashoka (Kakavarna)
IssueKalashoka
DynastyShishunaga

Shishunaga (IAST: Śiśunāga, or Shusunaga) (c. 413 – 395 BCE) was the founder of the Shishunaga dynasty of the Magadha Empire in the present day northern India. Initially, he was an amatya (official) of the Magadha empire under the Haryanka dynasty. He was placed on the throne by the people who revolted against the Haryanka dynasty rule. According to the Puranas, he placed his son at Varanasi and himself ruled from Girivraja (Rajagriha). He was succeeded by his son Kalashoka (Kakavarna).

Early life

[edit]

According to the Mahavamsatika, Shishunaga was a son of a Licchavi ruler of Vaishali.[1] He was conceived by a nagara-shobhini and brought up an officer of state. At the time of the revolt, he was a viceroy at Varanasi of king Nagadasaka, the last ruler of the Haryanka dynasty.[2]

Reign

[edit]

Shishunaga ruled from 413 BCE to 395 BCE.[3][4] Initially, his capital was Rajagriha and Vaishali was his second royal residence. Later he shifted his capital to Vaishali. He conquered Avanti kingdom by defeating Nandivardhana or Avantivardhana, the last king of Pradyota dynasty.[5] The Magadhan victory must have been helped by the revolution that placed Aryaka on the throne of Ujjayini.[2]

The Puranas tell us that he placed his son at Varanasi and himself ruled from Girivraja (Rajagriha).[6][7]

Expansion

[edit]

He destroyed Pradyota dynasty of Avanti and conquered kingdoms of Kosala and Vatsa.[1]

Successor

[edit]

He was succeeded by his son Kalashoka (Kakavarna).[2][1]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Upinder Singh 2016, p. 272.
  2. ^ a b c Raychaudhuri 1972, pp. 193–5.
  3. ^ Raychaudhuri 1972, p. 201.
  4. ^ Thapar 1990.
  5. ^ Kailash Chand Jain 1972, p. 103.
  6. ^ Raychaudhuri 1972, p. 193.
  7. ^ Mahajan 2007, pp. 250–1.

Sources

[edit]
  • Jain, Kailash Chand (1972), Malwa Through the Ages (First ed.), Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-81-208-0805-8
  • Mahajan, V.D. (2007) [1960], Ancient India, New Delhi: S. Chand, ISBN 81-219-0887-6
  • Raychaudhuri, H.C. (1972), Political History of Ancient India, Calcutta: University of Calcutta
  • Singh, Upinder (2016), A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century, Pearson Education, ISBN 978-93-325-6996-6
  • Thapar, Romila (1990) [1966], A History of India, vol. 1, Penguin Books, ISBN 978-0-14-194976-5


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