Mauthausen Trilogy: Difference between revisions

Mauthausen Trilogy
Mauthausen Trilogy
Song cycle by Mikis Theodorakis
	2000 recording cover art
Other name	The Ballad of Mauthausen; Mauthausen Cantata;
Occasion	50th anniversary of liberation of the Mauthausen concentration camp (May 1945)
Text	Iakovos Kambanellis (Greek original), Hebrew version by Elinoar Moav Veniadis, English version by Julie Dennis
Language	Greek, Hebrew, English
Based on	"The Ballad of Mauthausen" (1966)
Composed	1965
Dedication	In Memoriam of Liberation
Performed	7 May 1995: Mauthausen, Austria by Maria Farantouri, Berliner Instrumentalisten, Jouth Choir Haag, Choir of the Herbsttage Blindenmarkt, conducted by Mikis Theodorakis
Published	2000 (CD by pläne), 2018 (digital & remastered by ZAS records)
Recorded	7 May 1995 (live in Mauthausen)
Vocal	English version by Nadja Weinberg, recorded at the Karozas studio in Frankfurt & Hebrew version by Elinoar Moav Veniadi, recorded at the Yossi Ben-Nun studio in Tel Aviv
Premiere
Date	May 1988
Location	Mauthausen, Austria
Conductor	Mikis Theodorakis
Performers	Maria Farandouri (Greek), Elinor Moav (Hebrew), Gisela May (German)
	Simon Wiesenthal (speech), Asteris Koutoulas, Alexandros Karozas & Tim Dowdall (producers)

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The "Mauthausen Trilogy", also known as "The Ballad of Mauthausen"^[3] and the "Mauthausen Cantata",^[4] is a cycle of four arias with lyrics based on poems written by Greek poet Iakovos Kambanellis, a Mauthausen concentration camp survivor, and music written by Greek composer Mikis Theodorakis. It has been described as the "most beautiful musical work ever written about the Holocaust",^[5] and as "an exquisite, haunting and passionate melody that moves Kambanellis' affecting words to an even higher level".

In May 1988, the world premiere of the "Trilogy" at the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria was attended by then Austrian chancellor Franz Vranitzky and tens of thousands of Europeans. The ballad was conducted by Theodorakis and sung by Maria Farandouri in Greek, Elinor Moav in Hebrew and Gisela May in German. In May 1995, Theodorakis conducted a repeat concert of the ballad at the camp to mark the 50th anniversary of its liberation from the Nazis. Before the concert Simon Wiesenthal made a speech, which was included in the Mauthausen Trilogy CD. The Mauthausen Cycle is one of the best known compositions inspired by events at the Mauthausen concentration camp, it is popular in Israel, and has been used to promote peace and cooperation worldwide.^[6] In 1991, the Philharmonic Orchestra of Israel conducted by Zubin Mehta performed the work as part of the Athens Festival.^[7]

The ballad reflects Kambanellis's own experience at Mauthausen, including his love for a Lithuanian-Jewish woman, as it recounts the love affair between a young Greek prisoner and his Jewish love amidst the atrocities they witnessed at the camp. Approximately a year after the release of his ballad, during the premiere of the Mauthausen song cycle in London in 1967, Mikis Theodorakis was imprisoned in Greece by the recently installed Greek military junta and his music was banned in the country.

Historical background

In World War II, Iakovos Kambanellis, a Greek author and poet, was imprisoned by the Nazis at the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria where he witnessed the Nazi atrocities. Over 100,000 victims died at the camp. Kambanellis survived the incarceration at the Nazi concentration camp and, after the liberation by the Allies, started writing a book based on the events and atrocities he witnessed there.^[5]

With the passing years, Kambanellis's work remained in manuscript form at his home. Subsequent world events, such as the assassination of US President Kennedy, caused Kambanellis to re-examine and update his manuscript. He then wrote two new chapters, which were eventually published in the Sunday editions of the Greek newspaper Eleftheria and caused a sensation. In December 1965, Kambanellis published his book Mauthausen with the Themelio publishers in Athens.^[5]

Inception and theme

While the book was being prepared for publication by Themelio, Kambanellis wrote four poems based on four chapters in his book. The poems recounted the love affair between two young prisoners at the camp. The owner of Themelio publications, Mimis Despotides, suggested to Kambanellis that the four poems should also be released as songs, to coincide with the publication of the book, and suggested Mikis Theodorakis as the composer.^[8]

Kambanellis agreed and gave the poems to his friend Mikis Theodorakis who was very receptive to the idea of composing the music for them, since he was also imprisoned by the Nazis and Italian fascists in Greece during the war, and created the "Mauthausen Trilogy" which was quite unlike any of his previous works.^[2]^[5] The premiere of the works in Greece was at a theatre in Hippocrates street in Athens in December 1965 and the reception by the audience was enthusiastic.^[8]^[9]

Structure

The title of the songs is "The Ballad of Mauthausen" and contained four arias:^[4] "Άσμα ασμάτων [Asma Asmaton]" (Song of Songs) with verses inspired to a degree by erotic lyrics from the biblical Song of Songs,^[4] and includes the lyrics Τι ωραία που είναι η αγάπη μου [Ti oraia pou einai i agapi mou] (How beautiful is my beloved).^[5] The second song was "Αντώνης [Antonis]" (Anthony), followed by "Δραπέτης [Drapetis]" (Runaway) and "Όταν τελειώση ο πόλεμος] Otan Teleiosi o Polemos" (When the War Ends).^[5] The composition is a music cycle.^[10]

In "Asma Asmaton" the struggle of the young male prisoner is depicted as he is trying hopelessly to locate his love. It reflects Kambanellis's own experience at Mauthausen with a Lithuanian-Jewish woman,^[11] as it recounts the love affair between a young Greek prisoner and his Jewish love.^[11]^[12] Kambanellis uses a question from the biblical "Song of Songs" 3:3: "Have you seen the one I love?" as the refrain for his lyrics.^[13]

In the lyrics, the hero is asking the girls of the concentration camps if they saw the girl he loves: "Girls of Auschwitz, girls of Dachau, have you seen the one I love?" and the reply is: "We saw her on a long journey. She no longer had her dress nor the little comb in her hair".^[14] He then asks again: "Girls of Mauthausen, girls of Belsen, have you seen the one I love? and gets the reply: "We saw her in the frozen square with a number in her white hand, with a yellow star on her heart".^[5]^[14]

In "Antonis", the suffering of the imprisoned Jews doing hard labour,^[4] at the Mauthausen quarries is told, "mixed with a revolutionary and subversive mood".^[5] Antonis is a Greek prisoner who tries to help his Jewish friend carry a heavy boulder up an incline of 180 steps after his friend cannot work any longer and asks Antonis to help him. The boulders are used to pave the streets of Vienna.^[15] The lyrics state: "help is an insult. compassion a curse", indicating that helping another inmate is severely punished by the Nazi guards.^[15]

However, Antonis helps his friend without hesitation.^[15] A Nazi guard intervenes and, to punish Antonis, instructs him to carry a boulder twice as heavy. Antonis then chooses an even heavier boulder than the one the Nazi guard showed him and carries it to the top instead. Antonis states his name in Greek: "Μένα με λένε Αντώνη, κι' αν είσαι άντρας έλα δω στο μαρμαρένιο αλώνι" ("My name is Antonis, and if you are a man come here on the marble threshing floor"), challenging the guard and implying that real men are fighting for their lives in the Nazi quarry.^[15] The image of the marble threshing-floor is common in Greek folk literature, deriving from the Akritic songs, where the eponymous hero, Digenis Akritas, "as a kind of representative of mankind's struggles with Charos, death, at the marble threshing-floor".^[16]

In "Drapetis", the adventure of an escapee, "Yannos Ber from The North", is narrated through the song, as is also his recapture by the SS which leads to his "tragic fate".^[5]

The finale "Otan Teleiosi o Polemos" is a fantasy about the reunion of the two lovers.^[4] It goes full circle with the girl from "Song of Songs" appearing as "the girl with the fearful eyes" and "the girl with the frozen hand",^[12] and shows the protagonist of the first part, "Asma Asmaton", seeking love everywhere inside the concentration camp as a means of erasing Death, singing the words: "Έρωτα μεσ' στο μεσημέρι σ' όλα τα μέρη του θανάτου ώσπου ν' αφανιστεί η σκιά του" (Make love at midday, in all of Death's places until his Shadow disappears".^[5]

Reception

The ballad is considered as possibly the greatest work of Theodorakis,^[17] while the "Song of Songs" has been described as "one of the finest songs Theodorakis has ever written".^[18] The music critic of the Baltimore Sun writes: "Theodorakis had the genius to set this poem with melodic elements from the hymn for Palm Sunday of the Eastern Orthodox Church, creating an exquisite, haunting and passionate melody that moves Kambanellis' affecting words to an even higher level."^[17]

Jerry Silverman in his book The Undying Flame: Ballads and Songs of the Holocaust writes that "we can be [similarly] enthralled by the passionate lyrics and haunting melody of "Asma Asmaton"" and "[Kambanellis] also wrote a cycle of four poems based on episodes in his book, which were lovingly set to music by Mikis Theodorakis".^[19] Silverman also calls "Asma Asmaton" "extraordinarily moving".^[20]

Sophia Richman in her book Mended by the Muse: Creative Transformations of Trauma writes: "The song cycle is a requiem for Holocaust victims and raised the consciousness of all Greeks. Its sublime melodic lines, extended harmonies and rhythms, forced listeners to ask, "What happened to our Jews?"".^[1] Richman also mentions that the composer "created songs that have entered the pantheon of acclaimed song cycles".^[1]

Yaʾir Oron in the book The Pain Of Knowledge: Holocaust And Genocide Issues In Education writes that Kambanellis's poem "Song of Songs" "touches on certain aspects of the attitude of the world to the victims of the Holocaust in a unique way". Oron further comments that "Through its delicate poetical phrasing and its allusions to the biblical "Song of Songs" (Song of Solomon), the reader's attention is drawn to seemingly trivial details rather than to abstract generalizations. In this way, the poem evokes a personal identification with a specific figure (a young Jewish girl in this case)." Oron concludes that these attributes of the poem will make the pupil interested in the poem itself as well as the greater historical context surrounding the events depicted in the lyrics.^[14]

Kambanellis's poem "Song of Songs" has been included in a 7th Grade reader which is approved for the new middle schools' literature curriculum in Israel.^[14]

The work has been described as a "classical piece",^[21] and as "one that contrasts the Nazi horror with the only possible joy, the joy of resistance".^[22]

During the premiere of his ballad in London in 1967, Mikis Theodorakis was in Greece imprisoned by the recently installed Greek military junta and his music was banned in the country.^[17]

On 6 May 1994 at a concert in Carnegie Hall, filled to capacity, the audience joined Farandouri in singing the ballad.^[13] There are editions of these songs in Hebrew and several other languages.^[11] Already in 1967, on Theodorakis' request, Liesbeth List sung the Mauthausen cycle in Dutch in Liesbeth List zingt Theodorakis [nl], which became a platinum disc.^[23]

World premiere and anniversaries

In May 1988, the world premiere of the "Mauthausen Trilogy", described as a "landmark concert",^[24] took place with Mikis Theodorakis conducting at the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria. The concert was attended by Austrian chancellor Franz Vranitzky along with tens of thousands of people from across Europe.^[24] Iakovos Kambanellis was also present. The ballad was sung by Maria Farandouri in Greek, Elinoar Moav Veniadi in Hebrew, Nadia Weinberg in English, and by East-German singer Gisela May in German.^[24]^[25]

In May 1995, a repeat concert at Mauthausen camp took place to mark the 50th anniversary of the liberation of the camp conducted again by Theodorakis, which was also attended by chancellor Vranitzky and Simon Wiesenthal, who held a speech during the event. Maria Farandouri was the performer of the songs at that concert as well.^[21]^[26]

On 10 May 2015, the ballad of Theodorakis was played in a ceremony at the Greek memorial of Mauthausen honouring the memory of the 3,700 Greek victims of the Holocaust with Zoe Konstantopoulou attending as speaker of the Hellenic Parliament on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the liberation of the camp. Delegations from other European states and thousands of Europeans also attended ceremonies at the memorials of their individual countries.^[27]

In October 2015 the municipality of Larissa in Greece included the performance of Theodorakis's ballad as part of a five-day celebration commemorating the liberation of the city from the Nazi occupation.^[28]

Wider impact

The song "Antonis" from the ballad has been used by the Kurds as musical background in a video showing Kurdish women fighting at Kobanî during the Syrian Civil War.^[29]^[30] The song was also sung by the residents of Kabul in 2001 as they greeted troops of the Northern Alliance in Afghanistan entering the city and expelling the Taliban.^[29] The aria of "Antonis" was the music theme of Costa-Gavras's 1969 film Z, whose soundtrack won a BAFTA Award for Best Film Music in 1970.^[5]^[29]

"Antonis" was also chosen as the background music for a pre-election advertising spot of Syriza, a fact criticised by the newspapers because the name "Antonis" was that of the New Democracy leader at the time, Antonis Samaras, and the lyrics depict Antonis as a heroic figure who challenges anyone to fight with him on the marble threshing-floor. The title of one newspaper article translates as: "[Elena] Akrita: Did anyone at Syriza pay attention to the lyrics of the piece they chose for their [advertising] spot?" and the other: "Unfortunate selection of music in Syriza's [advertising] spot".^[31]^[32]

Theatrical play

A theatrical play based on the Trilogy premiered in Athens on 6 December 2012 featuring the music of Mikis Theodorakis and Gustav Mahler. The work appeared at the Badminton Theater in Athens under the title Mauthausen. Theodorakis had granted permission for the use of his work during the play.^[33]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Sophia Richman (21 March 2014). Mended by the Muse: Creative Transformations of Trauma. Routledge. pp. 163–164. ISBN 978-1-136-91403-4.
^ ^a ^b "Ο Ελληνισμός θα τιμήσει τους νεκρούς στο ναζιστικό στρατόπεδο συγκέντρωσης Μαουτχάουζεν". Epikaira.gr. 10 May 2013. Archived from the original on 2016-01-19.
^ Peter Hayes; John K. Roth (22 November 2012). The Oxford Handbook of Holocaust Studies. OUP Oxford. p. 708. ISBN 978-0-19-165079-6.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Richman, Sophia (21 March 2014). Mended by the Muse: Creative Transformations of Trauma. Taylor & Francis. p. 270. ISBN 978-1-136-91402-7.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Αντωνης Μποσκοιτης (2 February 2015). "Αφιέρωμα στη Μπαλάντα του Μάουτχάουζεν του Μίκη Θεοδωράκη και του Ιάκωβου Καμπανέλλη Το ωραιότερο μουσικό έργο για το Ολοκαύτωμα που γράφτηκε ποτέ". Lifo.gr. Retrieved 27 December 2015. Google translation: "A Tribute to Ballad of Mauthausen Mikis Theodorakis and Iakovos Kambanellis The finest musical work about the Holocaust ever written."
^ "Mauthausen". Holocaustmusic.ort.org.
^ ""Μαουτχάουζεν" με την φιλαρμονική ορχήστρα του Ισραήλ και διεύθυνση του Z. Mehta". Μεγάλη Μουσική Βιβλιοθήκη της Ελλάδας.
^ ^a ^b Κωστουλα Τωμαδακη (19 April 2013). "Η λογοτεχνική αντίσταση στην καρδιά της χούντας". To Pontiki.
^ Política Operária. Política operária. 2005. p. 39. Assim nasceu a Cantata de Mauthausen, apresentada publicamente em Dezembro de 1965, cantada por Maria...
^ "Τιμούν τον Καμπανέλλη στο Νιου Τζέρσεϊ". No. 1862. Το ποντίκι [To Pontiki, the mouse]. 4 May 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c Gail Holst-Warhaft (4 April 2011). "Iakovos Kambanellis obituary". The Guardian.
^ ^a ^b Zable, Arnold (6 September 2004). The Fig Tree. Text Publishing. pp. 63–64. ISBN 978-1-921799-46-4.
^ ^a ^b Striar, Marguerite M. (1998). Beyond Lament: Poets of the World Bearing Witness to the Holocaust. Northwestern University Press. pp. 436–38. ISBN 978-0-8101-1556-9.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Oron, Yaʾir. The Pain Of Knowledge: Holocaust And Genocide Issues In Education. Transaction Publishers. p. 57. ISBN 978-1-4128-3817-7.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Papargyriou, Dr Eleni; Carabott, Dr Philip; Hamilakis, Professor Yannis (28 July 2015). Camera Graeca: Photographs, Narratives, Materialities. Ashgate Publishing Ltd. p. 319. ISBN 978-1-4724-2478-5.
^ Jeffreys, Elizabeth (1998). Digenis Akritis: the Grottaferrata and Escorial Versions. Cambridge University Press. p. xv. ISBN 978-0-521-39472-7.
^ ^a ^b ^c Stephen Wigler, Sun Music Critic (8 May 1994). "Theodorakis writes the music of history".
^ Gail Holst; Gail Holst-Warhaft (1980). Theodorakis: myth & politics in modern Greek music. Hakkert. p. 118. ISBN 9789025607951. Theodorakis composed a series of four songs to a cycle of poems by the poet Iakovos Kambanellis. Kambanellis ... The 'Song of Songs' which opens the cycle is one of the finest songs Theodorakis has ever written.
^ Jerry Silverman (31 December 2001). The Undying Flame: Ballads and Songs of the Holocaust : 110 Songs in 16 Languages with Extensive Historical Notes, Illustrations, Piano Arrangements, Guitar Chords, and Singable English Translations. Syracuse University Press. pp. 245–248. ISBN 978-0-8156-0708-3.
^ Jerry Silverman (31 December 2001). The Undying Flame: Ballads and Songs of the Holocaust : 110 Songs in 16 Languages with Extensive Historical Notes, Illustrations, Piano Arrangements, Guitar Chords, and Singable English Translations. Syracuse University Press. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-8156-0708-3.
^ ^a ^b The Bulletin. J. Haynes and J.F. Archibald. 1995. p. 91. As well as renditions of his popular works, audiences can expect classical pieces such as the Mauthausen cantata, which Theodorakis performed in Austria in May to mark the 50th anniversary of the liberation of that country's Mauthausen Nazi ...
^ Gerhard Kofler (2005). Notizbuch der Wasserrosen. Wieser. p. 58. ISBN 978-3-85129-575-7. Una gioia questa, che non riesce a tacere nemmeno fra le mura di Mauthausen. No, non hanno suonato la cantata di Mauthausen di Mikis Theodorakis, quella che contrappone all'orrore nazista l'unica gioia possibile, la gioia della resistenza
^ "Liesbeth List: Biografie" (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 8 November 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Βιέννη: Ο Μίκης Θεοδωράκης αποθεώθηκε στη μεγάλη συναυλία προς τιμήν του". Kathimerini.
^ Kızıl şafak. Vol. 34. G. Schneider. 2000. Mauthausen-Häftlings lacovos Kambanellis, die Mikis Theodorakis vertonte und Maria Farantouri zur Gedenkfeier sang sowie Versionen von Nadia Weinberg (englisch)
^ "Βραβείο για την πρώτη γερμανική μετάφραση του "Μαουτχάουζεν" του Ιάκωβου Καμπανέλλη". Συμβούλιο Αποδήμου Ελληνισμού.
^ "H Κωνσταντοπούλου στο Μαουτχάουζεν". NewPost.gr. 20 April 2015.
^ "Αφιέρωμα στην "Μπαλάντα Μαουτχάουζεν" του Μίκη Θεοδωράκη". Eleftheria.gr. 27 October 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c "ΒΙΝΤΕΟ ΝΤΥΜΕΝΟ ΜΕ ΤΟΝ "ΑΝΤΩΝΗ" ΚΑΙ "ΠΟΙΟΣ ΔΕΝ ΜΙΛΑ ΓΙΑ ΤΗ ΛΑΜΠΡΗ" Η μουσική του Θεοδωράκη εμψυχώνει τη μάχη των Κούρδων στο Κομπάνι". Ethnos.gr.
^ "Υπό τους ήχους του Θεοδωράκη οι Κούρδοι πολεμούν τους τζιχαντιστές!". Imerisia.gr.
^ "Ακρίτα: Κανείς στο ΣΥΡΙΖΑ δεν πρόσεξε τους στίχους για το κομμάτι που επέλεξαν στο σποτ τους;". Eleftheria.gr.
^ "Ατυχής επιλογή η μουσική στο σποτ του Σύριζα". Topnews.gr. 5 January 2015.
^ "Θεατρικό "Μαουτχάουζεν" με υπογραφή Καμπανέλλη – Θεοδωράκη Το συγκλονιστικό χρονικό μιας προσωπικής εμπειρίας στη σκηνή του Badminton". To Vima. 5 December 2012.

[Richman2014p163-1] Sophia Richman (21 March 2014). Mended by the Muse: Creative Transformations of Trauma. Routledge. pp. 163–164. ISBN 978-1-136-91403-4.

[Epikaira-2] "Ο Ελληνισμός θα τιμήσει τους νεκρούς στο ναζιστικό στρατόπεδο συγκέντρωσης Μαουτχάουζεν". Epikaira.gr. 10 May 2013. Archived from the original on 2016-01-19.

[HayesRoth2012-3] Peter Hayes; John K. Roth (22 November 2012). The Oxford Handbook of Holocaust Studies. OUP Oxford. p. 708. ISBN 978-0-19-165079-6.

[Richman2014-4] Richman, Sophia (21 March 2014). Mended by the Muse: Creative Transformations of Trauma. Taylor & Francis. p. 270. ISBN 978-1-136-91402-7.

[Lifo.gr-5] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Αντωνης Μποσκοιτης (2 February 2015). "Αφιέρωμα στη Μπαλάντα του Μάουτχάουζεν του Μίκη Θεοδωράκη και του Ιάκωβου Καμπανέλλη Το ωραιότερο μουσικό έργο για το Ολοκαύτωμα που γράφτηκε ποτέ". Lifo.gr. Retrieved 27 December 2015. Google translation: "A Tribute to Ballad of Mauthausen Mikis Theodorakis and Iakovos Kambanellis The finest musical work about the Holocaust ever written."

[Holocaustmusic-6] "Mauthausen". Holocaustmusic.ort.org.

[mmb.org-7] ""Μαουτχάουζεν" με την φιλαρμονική ορχήστρα του Ισραήλ και διεύθυνση του Z. Mehta". Μεγάλη Μουσική Βιβλιοθήκη της Ελλάδας.

[To_Pontiki-8] Κωστουλα Τωμαδακη (19 April 2013). "Η λογοτεχνική αντίσταση στην καρδιά της χούντας". To Pontiki.

[9] Política Operária. Política operária. 2005. p. 39. Assim nasceu a Cantata de Mauthausen, apresentada publicamente em Dezembro de 1965, cantada por Maria...

[To_Pontiki2-10] "Τιμούν τον Καμπανέλλη στο Νιου Τζέρσεϊ". No. 1862. Το ποντίκι [To Pontiki, the mouse]. 4 May 2015.

[The_Guardian-11] Gail Holst-Warhaft (4 April 2011). "Iakovos Kambanellis obituary". The Guardian.

[Zable2004-12] Zable, Arnold (6 September 2004). The Fig Tree. Text Publishing. pp. 63–64. ISBN 978-1-921799-46-4.

[Striar1998-13] Striar, Marguerite M. (1998). Beyond Lament: Poets of the World Bearing Witness to the Holocaust. Northwestern University Press. pp. 436–38. ISBN 978-0-8101-1556-9.

[Oron-14] Oron, Yaʾir. The Pain Of Knowledge: Holocaust And Genocide Issues In Education. Transaction Publishers. p. 57. ISBN 978-1-4128-3817-7.

[PapargyriouCarabott2015-15] Papargyriou, Dr Eleni; Carabott, Dr Philip; Hamilakis, Professor Yannis (28 July 2015). Camera Graeca: Photographs, Narratives, Materialities. Ashgate Publishing Ltd. p. 319. ISBN 978-1-4724-2478-5.

[16] Jeffreys, Elizabeth (1998). Digenis Akritis: the Grottaferrata and Escorial Versions. Cambridge University Press. p. xv. ISBN 978-0-521-39472-7.

[Baltimore_Sun-17] Stephen Wigler, Sun Music Critic (8 May 1994). "Theodorakis writes the music of history".

[HolstHolst-Warhaft1980-18] Gail Holst; Gail Holst-Warhaft (1980). Theodorakis: myth & politics in modern Greek music. Hakkert. p. 118. ISBN 9789025607951. Theodorakis composed a series of four songs to a cycle of poems by the poet Iakovos Kambanellis. Kambanellis ... The 'Song of Songs' which opens the cycle is one of the finest songs Theodorakis has ever written.

[Silverman2001-19] Jerry Silverman (31 December 2001). The Undying Flame: Ballads and Songs of the Holocaust : 110 Songs in 16 Languages with Extensive Historical Notes, Illustrations, Piano Arrangements, Guitar Chords, and Singable English Translations. Syracuse University Press. pp. 245–248. ISBN 978-0-8156-0708-3.

[Silverman2001p28-20] Jerry Silverman (31 December 2001). The Undying Flame: Ballads and Songs of the Holocaust : 110 Songs in 16 Languages with Extensive Historical Notes, Illustrations, Piano Arrangements, Guitar Chords, and Singable English Translations. Syracuse University Press. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-8156-0708-3.

[Bulletin-21] The Bulletin. J. Haynes and J.F. Archibald. 1995. p. 91. As well as renditions of his popular works, audiences can expect classical pieces such as the Mauthausen cantata, which Theodorakis performed in Austria in May to mark the 50th anniversary of the liberation of that country's Mauthausen Nazi ...

[Kofler2005-22] Gerhard Kofler (2005). Notizbuch der Wasserrosen. Wieser. p. 58. ISBN 978-3-85129-575-7. Una gioia questa, che non riesce a tacere nemmeno fra le mura di Mauthausen. No, non hanno suonato la cantata di Mauthausen di Mikis Theodorakis, quella che contrappone all'orrore nazista l'unica gioia possibile, la gioia della resistenza

[23] "Liesbeth List: Biografie" (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 8 November 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2016.

[Kathimerini-24] "Βιέννη: Ο Μίκης Θεοδωράκης αποθεώθηκε στη μεγάλη συναυλία προς τιμήν του". Kathimerini.

[25] Kızıl şafak. Vol. 34. G. Schneider. 2000. Mauthausen-Häftlings lacovos Kambanellis, die Mikis Theodorakis vertonte und Maria Farantouri zur Gedenkfeier sang sowie Versionen von Nadia Weinberg (englisch)

[SAE-26] "Βραβείο για την πρώτη γερμανική μετάφραση του "Μαουτχάουζεν" του Ιάκωβου Καμπανέλλη". Συμβούλιο Αποδήμου Ελληνισμού.

[NewPost-27] "H Κωνσταντοπούλου στο Μαουτχάουζεν". NewPost.gr. 20 April 2015.

[Eleftheria-28] "Αφιέρωμα στην "Μπαλάντα Μαουτχάουζεν" του Μίκη Θεοδωράκη". Eleftheria.gr. 27 October 2015.

[Ethnos-29] "ΒΙΝΤΕΟ ΝΤΥΜΕΝΟ ΜΕ ΤΟΝ "ΑΝΤΩΝΗ" ΚΑΙ "ΠΟΙΟΣ ΔΕΝ ΜΙΛΑ ΓΙΑ ΤΗ ΛΑΜΠΡΗ" Η μουσική του Θεοδωράκη εμψυχώνει τη μάχη των Κούρδων στο Κομπάνι". Ethnos.gr.

[Imerisia-30] "Υπό τους ήχους του Θεοδωράκη οι Κούρδοι πολεμούν τους τζιχαντιστές!". Imerisia.gr.

[Eleftheria2-31] "Ακρίτα: Κανείς στο ΣΥΡΙΖΑ δεν πρόσεξε τους στίχους για το κομμάτι που επέλεξαν στο σποτ τους;". Eleftheria.gr.

[Topnews-32] "Ατυχής επιλογή η μουσική στο σποτ του Σύριζα". Topnews.gr. 5 January 2015.

[To_Vima-33] "Θεατρικό "Μαουτχάουζεν" με υπογραφή Καμπανέλλη – Θεοδωράκη Το συγκλονιστικό χρονικό μιας προσωπικής εμπειρίας στη σκηνή του Badminton". To Vima. 5 December 2012.

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+{{Short description|Four arias with music by Mikis Theodorakis}}
 {{Infobox musical composition
-| name            = Mauthausen Trilogy
+| name                = Mauthausen Trilogy
-| type            = [[Song cycle]]
+| type                = [[Song cycle]]
-| composer        = [[Mikis Theodorakis]]
+| composer            = [[Mikis Theodorakis]]
+| text                = [[Iakovos Kambanellis]] (Greek original), Hebrew version by Elinoar Moav Veniadis, English version by Julie Dennis
-| image            = Mauthausen Trilogy cover.jpg
+| composed            = 1965
-| caption = 1995 recording cover art
-| year                = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY}} -->
+| image               = Mauthausen Trilogy cover.jpg
-| period              =
+| caption             = 2000 recording cover art
-| genre               =
+| other_name          = * ''The Ballad of Mauthausen''
+* ''Mauthausen Cantata''
-| style               =
+| occasion            = 50th anniversary of liberation of the Mauthausen concentration camp (May 1945)
-| form                =
-| related             =
+| language            = Greek, Hebrew, English<ref name="Richman2014p163"/>
+| based_on            = "The Ballad of Mauthausen" (1966)<ref name=Epikaira/>
-| occasion            =
+| dedication          = In Memoriam of Liberation
-| written             = <!-- {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}}|end_date={{End date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}}|location=}} -->
+| performed           = {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|1995|05|07|df=y}}|location=[[Mauthausen, Upper Austria|Mauthausen]], Austria}} by Maria Farantouri, Berliner Instrumentalisten, Jouth Choir Haag, Choir of the Herbsttage Blindenmarkt, conducted by Mikis Theodorakis
-| text                =  [[Iakovos Kambanellis]]
-| libretto            =
+| first_recording     = 7 May 1995 (live in Mauthausen)
+| vocal               = English version by Nadja Weinberg, recorded at the Karozas studio in Frankfurt & Hebrew version by Elinoar Moav Veniadi, recorded at the Yossi Ben-Nun studio in Tel Aviv
-| language            = Greek, Hebrew, English, German<ref name="Richman2014p163"/>
+| published           = 2000 (CD by pläne), 2018 (digital & remastered by ZAS records)
-| based_on            = "Mauthausen Cantata" (1966)<ref name=Epikaira/>
-| meter               =
-| time                = <!-- time signature if unusual or worth mentioning -->
-| composed            = <!-- {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}}|end_date={{End date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}}|location=}} -->
-| dedication          = 50th anniversary of liberation
-| performed           = {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|1995|05|df=y}}|location=[[Mauthausen]], Austria}}
-| published           = <!-- {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}}|location=}} --><!--supposedly hAudio microformat-->
-| publisher           =
-| first_recording     = {{Start date|1995}}
-| duration            = <!-- {{Duration|m=MM|s=SS}}, optional h parameter for hours --><!-- supposedly hAudio microformat -->
-| movements           =
-| scoring             =
-| solo                =
-| vocal               =
-| instrumental        =
-| comment             = [[Simon Wiesenthal]], speech
 | premiere_date       = May 1988
 | premiere_location   = Mauthausen, Austria
 | premiere_conductor  = Mikis Theodorakis
-| premiere_performers = [[Maria Farandouri]] (Greek), Elinor Moav (Hebrew), Nadia Weinberg (English), [[Gisela May]] (German)
+| premiere_performers = [[Maria Farandouri]] (Greek), Elinor Moav (Hebrew), [[Gisela May]] (German)
+| misc                = [[Simon Wiesenthal]] (speech), [[Asteris Koutoulas]], Alexandros Karozas & Tim Dowdall (producers)
-| misc                =
 }}
-The "'''Mauthausen Trilogy'''" also known as "'''The Ballad of Mauthausen'''",<ref name="HayesRoth2012">{{cite book|author1=Peter Hayes|author2=John K. Roth|title=The Oxford Handbook of Holocaust Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b3hUvouXdvYC&pg=PT708|date=22 November 2012|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-165079-6|page=708}}</ref> and the "'''Mauthausen Cantata'''",<ref name="Richman2014"/> is a cycle of four [[aria]]s  with lyrics based on poems written by Greek poet [[Iakovos Kambanellis]], a [[Mauthausen concentration camp]] survivor, and music written by Greek composer [[Mikis Theodorakis]]. It has been described as the "most beautiful musical work ever written about the [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]]",<ref name=Lifo.gr>{{cite news|author1=Αντωνης Μποσκοιτης|title=Αφιέρωμα στη ''Μπαλάντα του Μάουτχάουζεν'' του Μίκη Θεοδωράκη και του Ιάκωβου Καμπανέλλη Το ωραιότερο μουσικό έργο για το Ολοκαύτωμα που γράφτηκε ποτέ|url=http://www.lifo.gr/team/music/55078|accessdate=27 December 2015|publisher=Lifo.gr|date=2 February 2015|quote=Google translation: "A Tribute to Ballad of Mauthausen Mikis Theodorakis and Iakovos Kambanellis The finest musical work about the Holocaust ever written."
+The "'''Mauthausen Trilogy'''", also known as "'''The Ballad of Mauthausen'''"<ref name="HayesRoth2012">{{cite book|author1=Peter Hayes|author2=John K. Roth|title=The Oxford Handbook of Holocaust Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b3hUvouXdvYC&pg=PT708|date=22 November 2012|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-165079-6|page=708}}</ref> and the "'''Mauthausen Cantata'''",<ref name="Richman2014"/> is a cycle of four [[aria]]s  with lyrics based on poems written by Greek poet [[Iakovos Kambanellis]], a [[Mauthausen concentration camp]] survivor, and music written by Greek composer [[Mikis Theodorakis]]. It has been described as the "most beautiful musical work ever written about the [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]]",<ref name=Lifo.gr>{{cite news|author1=Αντωνης Μποσκοιτης|title=Αφιέρωμα στη ''Μπαλάντα του Μάουτχάουζεν'' του Μίκη Θεοδωράκη και του Ιάκωβου Καμπανέλλη Το ωραιότερο μουσικό έργο για το Ολοκαύτωμα που γράφτηκε ποτέ|url=http://www.lifo.gr/team/music/55078|access-date=27 December 2015|publisher=Lifo.gr|date=2 February 2015|quote=Google translation: "A Tribute to Ballad of Mauthausen Mikis Theodorakis and Iakovos Kambanellis The finest musical work about the Holocaust ever written."
 }}</ref> and as "an exquisite, haunting and passionate melody that moves Kambanellis' affecting words to an even higher level".
-In May 1988, the world premiere of the "Trilogy" at the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria was attended by then Austrian chancellor [[Franz Vranitzky]] and tens of thousands of Europeans. The ballad was conducted by Theodorakis and sung by [[Maria Farandouri]] and [[Demis Roussos]] in Greek, Elinor Moav in Hebrew and [[Gisela May]] in German. In May 1995, Theodorakis conducted a repeat concert of the ballad at the camp to mark the 50th anniversary of its liberation from the Nazis. It is one of the best known compositions inspired by events at the Mauthausen concentration camp, it is popular in [[Israel]], and has been used to promote peace and cooperation worldwide.<ref name=Holocaustmusic>{{cite news|title=Mauthausen|url=http://holocaustmusic.ort.org/places/camps/central-europe/mauthausen/|agency=Holocaustmusic.ort.org}}</ref> In 1991, the [[Israel Philharmonic Orchestra|Philharmonic Orchestra of Israel]] conducted by [[Zubin Mehta]] performed the work as part of the [[Athens Festival]].<ref name=mmb.org>{{cite web|title="Μαουτχάουζεν" με την φιλαρμονική ορχήστρα του Ισραήλ και διεύθυνση του Z. Mehta|url=http://digma.mmb.org.gr/Item.aspx?kkt=TMUSIC000001336|publisher=Μεγάλη Μουσική Βιβλιοθήκη της Ελλάδας}}</ref>
+In May 1988, the world premiere of the "Trilogy" at the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria was attended by then Austrian chancellor [[Franz Vranitzky]] and tens of thousands of Europeans. The ballad was conducted by Theodorakis and sung by [[Maria Farandouri]] in Greek, Elinor Moav in Hebrew and [[Gisela May]] in German. In May 1995, Theodorakis conducted a repeat concert of the ballad at the camp to mark the 50th anniversary of its liberation from the Nazis. Before the concert [[Simon Wiesenthal]] made a speech, which was included in the Mauthausen Trilogy CD. The Mauthausen Cycle is one of the best known compositions inspired by events at the Mauthausen concentration camp, it is popular in [[Israel]], and has been used to promote peace and cooperation worldwide.<ref name=Holocaustmusic>{{cite news|title=Mauthausen|url=http://holocaustmusic.ort.org/places/camps/central-europe/mauthausen/|agency=Holocaustmusic.ort.org}}</ref> In 1991, the [[Israel Philharmonic Orchestra|Philharmonic Orchestra of Israel]] conducted by [[Zubin Mehta]] performed the work as part of the [[Athens Festival]].<ref name=mmb.org>{{cite web|title="Μαουτχάουζεν" με την φιλαρμονική ορχήστρα του Ισραήλ και διεύθυνση του Z. Mehta|url=http://digma.mmb.org.gr/Item.aspx?kkt=TMUSIC000001336|publisher=Μεγάλη Μουσική Βιβλιοθήκη της Ελλάδας}}</ref>
 The ballad reflects Kambanellis's own experience at Mauthausen, including his love for a Lithuanian-Jewish woman, as it recounts the love affair between a young Greek prisoner and his Jewish love amidst the atrocities they witnessed at the camp. Approximately a year after the release of his ballad, during the premiere of the Mauthausen song cycle in [[London]] in 1967, Mikis Theodorakis was imprisoned in Greece by the recently installed [[Greek military junta of 1967–74|Greek military junta]] and his music was banned in the country.
 ==Historical background==
-In [[World War II]], Iakovos Kambanellis, a Greek author and poet, was imprisoned by the Nazis at the [[Mauthausen concentration camp]] in Austria where he witnessed the Nazi atrocities. Over 100,000 victims died at the camp. Kambanellis survived the incarceration at the Nazi concentration camp and, after the liberation by the allies, started writing a book based on the events and atrocities he witnessed there.<ref name=Lifo.gr/>
+In [[World War II]], [[Iakovos Kambanellis]], a Greek author and poet, was imprisoned by the Nazis at the [[Mauthausen concentration camp]] in Austria where he witnessed the Nazi atrocities. Over 100,000 victims died at the camp. Kambanellis survived the incarceration at the Nazi concentration camp and, after the liberation by the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], started writing a book based on the events and atrocities he witnessed there.<ref name=Lifo.gr/>
-With the passing years, Kambanellis's work remained in manuscript form at his home. Subsequent world events, such as the [[Assassination of John F. Kennedy|assassination of US President Kennedy]], caused Kambanellis to re-examine and update his manuscript. He then wrote two new chapters which were eventually published in the Sunday editions of the Greek newspaper ''Eleftheria'' and caused a sensation. In December 1965, Kambanellis published his book ''Mauthausen'' with the ''Themelio'' publishers in Athens.<ref name=Lifo.gr/>
+With the passing years, Kambanellis's work remained in manuscript form at his home. Subsequent world events, such as the [[Assassination of John F. Kennedy|assassination of US President Kennedy]], caused Kambanellis to re-examine and update his manuscript. He then wrote two new chapters, which were eventually published in the Sunday editions of the Greek newspaper ''[[Eleftheria (newspaper)|Eleftheria]]'' and caused a sensation. In December 1965, Kambanellis published his book ''Mauthausen'' with the ''Themelio'' publishers in Athens.<ref name=Lifo.gr/>
 ==Inception and theme==
 While the book was being prepared for publication by ''Themelio'', Kambanellis wrote four poems based on four chapters in his book. The poems recounted the love affair between two young prisoners at the camp. The owner of ''Themelio'' publications, Mimis Despotides, suggested to Kambanellis that the four poems should also be released as  songs, to coincide with the publication of the book, and suggested Mikis Theodorakis as the composer.<ref name="To Pontiki">{{cite news|author1=Κωστουλα Τωμαδακη|title=Η λογοτεχνική αντίσταση στην καρδιά της χούντας|url=http://www.topontiki.gr/article/51960/i-logotehniki-antistasi-stin-kardia-tis-hoyntas|publisher=To Pontiki|date=19 April 2013}}</ref>
-Kambanellis agreed and gave the poems to his friend Mikis Theodorakis who was very receptive to the idea of composing the music for them, since he was also imprisoned by the Nazis and [[Italian Fascism|Italian fascist]]s in Greece during the war, and created the "Mauthausen Trilogy" which was quite unlike any of his previous works.<ref name=Epikaira>{{cite news|title=Ο Ελληνισμός θα τιμήσει τους νεκρούς στο ναζιστικό στρατόπεδο συγκέντρωσης Μαουτχάουζεν|url=http://www.epikaira.gr/article/o-ellinismos-tha-timisei-toys-nekrous-sto-nazistiko-stratopedosygkentrosis-maoytxaoyzen|publisher=Epikaira.gr|date=10 May 2013}}</ref><ref name=Lifo.gr/> The premiere of the works in Greece was at a theatre in Hippocrates street in Athens in December 1965 and the reception by the audience was enthusiastic.<ref name="To Pontiki"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Política Operária|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WWazAAAAIAAJ&q=cantata+Kambanellis&dq=cantata+Kambanellis&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjR796D7JDKAhUGqR4KHbe4B8UQ6AEITzAH|year=2005|publisher=Política operária|issue=98=106|page=39|quote=Assim nasceu a Cantata de Mauthausen, apresentada publicamente em Dezembro de 1965, cantada por Maria...}}</ref>
+Kambanellis agreed and gave the poems to his friend Mikis Theodorakis who was very receptive to the idea of composing the music for them, since he was also imprisoned by the Nazis and [[Italian Fascism|Italian fascist]]s in Greece during the war, and created the "Mauthausen Trilogy" which was quite unlike any of his previous works.<ref name=Epikaira>{{cite news|title=Ο Ελληνισμός θα τιμήσει τους νεκρούς στο ναζιστικό στρατόπεδο συγκέντρωσης Μαουτχάουζεν|url=http://www.epikaira.gr/article/o-ellinismos-tha-timisei-toys-nekrous-sto-nazistiko-stratopedosygkentrosis-maoytxaoyzen|publisher=Epikaira.gr|date=10 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119041106/http://www.epikaira.gr/article/o-ellinismos-tha-timisei-toys-nekrous-sto-nazistiko-stratopedosygkentrosis-maoytxaoyzen |archive-date=2016-01-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Lifo.gr/> The premiere of the works in Greece was at a theatre in Hippocrates street in Athens in December 1965 and the reception by the audience was enthusiastic.<ref name="To Pontiki"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Política Operária|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WWazAAAAIAAJ&q=cantata+Kambanellis|year=2005|publisher=Política operária|issue=98=106|page=39|quote=Assim nasceu a Cantata de Mauthausen, apresentada publicamente em Dezembro de 1965, cantada por Maria...}}</ref>
 ==Structure==
 [[File:Mauthausen survivors cheer the soldiers of the Eleventh Armored Division.jpg|thumb|right|Tanks of the [[11th Armored Division (United States)|US 11th Armored Division]] entering the [[Mauthausen concentration camp]] in 1945]]
-The title of the songs was "The Ballad of Mauthausen" and contained four [[aria]]s:<ref name="Richman2014"/> "Asma Asmaton" (Song of Songs) with verses inspired to a degree by erotic lyrics from the biblical [[Song of Songs]],<ref name="Richman2014"/> and includes the lyrics ''Ti oraia pou einai i agapi mou'' (How beautiful is my beloved).<ref name=Lifo.gr/> The second song was "Andonis" (Anthony), followed by "Drapetis" (Runaway) and "Otan Teleiosi o Polemos" (When the War Ends).<ref name=Lifo.gr/> The composition is a music cycle.<ref name="To Pontiki2">{{cite news|title=Τιμούν τον Καμπανέλλη στο Νιου Τζέρσεϊ|url=http://www.topontiki.gr/article/127007/timoyn-ton-kampanelli-sto-nioy-tzersei|issue=1862|publisher=To Pontiki|date=4 May 2015}}</ref>
+The title of the songs is "The Ballad of Mauthausen" and contained four [[aria]]s:<ref name="Richman2014"/> "Άσμα ασμάτων [Asma Asmaton]" (Song of Songs) with verses inspired to a degree by erotic lyrics from the biblical [[Song of Songs]],<ref name= "Richman2014"/> and includes the lyrics ''Τι ωραία που είναι η αγάπη μου [Ti oraia pou einai i agapi mou]'' (How beautiful is my beloved).<ref name= Lifo.gr/> The second song was "Αντώνης [Antonis]" (Anthony), followed by "Δραπέτης [Drapetis]" (Runaway) and "Όταν τελειώση ο πόλεμος] Otan Teleiosi o Polemos" (When the War Ends).<ref name= Lifo.gr/> The composition is a music cycle.<ref name="To Pontiki2">{{cite news|title=Τιμούν τον Καμπανέλλη στο Νιου Τζέρσεϊ|url= http://www.topontiki.gr/article/127007/timoyn-ton-kampanelli-sto-nioy-tzersei |issue=1862|publisher= Το ποντίκι [To Pontiki, the mouse] |date=4 May 2015}}</ref>
-In "Asma Asmaton" the struggle of the young male prisoner is depicted as he is trying hopelessly to locate his love. It reflects Kambanellis's own experience at Mauthasen with  a Lithuanian-Jewish woman,<ref name="The Guardian"/> as it recounts the love affair between a young Greek prisoner and his Jewish love.<ref name="The Guardian"/><ref name="Zable2004">{{cite book|author=Arnold Zable|title=The Fig Tree|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A9L67E-4IW8C&pg=PT63|date=6 September 2004|publisher=Text Publishing|isbn=978-1-921799-46-4|pages=63–64}}</ref> Kambanellis uses a question from the biblical "[[Song of Songs]]" 3:3: "Have you seen the one I love?" as the refrain for his lyrics.<ref name="Striar1998">{{cite book|author=Marguerite M. Striar|title=Beyond Lament: Poets of the World Bearing Witness to the Holocaust|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pqsBd-zW3UcC&pg=PA437|year=1998|publisher=Northwestern University Press|isbn=978-0-8101-1556-9|pages=436–438}}</ref>
+In "Asma Asmaton" the struggle of the young male prisoner is depicted as he is trying hopelessly to locate his love. It reflects Kambanellis's own experience at Mauthausen with  a Lithuanian-Jewish woman,<ref name= "The Guardian"/> as it recounts the love affair between a young Greek prisoner and his Jewish love.<ref name="The Guardian"/><ref name="Zable2004">{{cite book| first = Arnold | last = Zable|title=The Fig Tree|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=A9L67E-4IW8C&pg=PT63 |date=6 September 2004|publisher=Text Publishing|isbn= 978-1-921799-46-4 |pages= 63–64}}</ref> Kambanellis uses a question from the biblical "[[Song of Songs]]" 3:3: "Have you seen the one I love?" as the refrain for his lyrics.<ref name="Striar1998">{{cite book| first = Marguerite M. | last = Striar |title= Beyond Lament: Poets of the World Bearing Witness to the Holocaust |url= https://archive.org/details/beyondlament00marg | url-access = registration |year= 1998|publisher= Northwestern University Press |isbn= 978-0-8101-1556-9|pages=[https://archive.org/details/beyondlament00marg/page/436 436]–38}}</ref>
-In the lyrics, the hero is asking the girls of the concentration camps if they saw the girl he loves: "Girls of [[Auschwitz]], girls of [[Dachau concentration camp|Dachau]], have you seen the one I love?" and the reply is: "We saw her on a long journey. She no longer had her dress nor the little comb in her hair".<ref name="Oron"/> He then asks again:  "Girls of Mauthausen, girls of [[Belsen]], have you seen the one I love? and gets the reply: "We saw her in the frozen square with a number in her white hand, with a yellow star on her heart".<ref name=Lifo.gr/><ref name="Oron">{{cite book|author=Yaʾir Oron|title=The Pain Of Knowledge: Holocaust And Genocide Issues In Education|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XovwBp3LYvIC&pg=PA57|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=978-1-4128-3817-7|page=57}}</ref>
+In the lyrics, the hero is asking the girls of the concentration camps if they saw the girl he loves: "Girls of [[Auschwitz]], girls of [[Dachau concentration camp|Dachau]], have you seen the one I love?" and the reply is: "We saw her on a long journey. She no longer had her dress nor the little comb in her hair".<ref name="Oron"/> He then asks again:  "Girls of Mauthausen, girls of [[Belsen]], have you seen the one I love? and gets the reply: "We saw her in the frozen square with a number in her white hand, with a yellow star on her heart".<ref name= Lifo.gr/><ref name= "Oron">{{cite book| first = Yaʾir | last = Oron|title= The Pain Of Knowledge: Holocaust And Genocide Issues In Education|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=XovwBp3LYvIC&pg=PA57 |publisher= Transaction Publishers |isbn= 978-1-4128-3817-7 |page= 57}}</ref>
-In "Andonis", the suffering of the imprisoned Jews doing [[hard labour]],<ref name="Richman2014"/> at the Mauthausen quarries is told, "mixed with a revolutionary and subversive mood".<ref name=Lifo.gr/> Andonis is a Greek prisoner who tries to help his Jewish friend carry a heavy boulder up an incline of 180 steps after his friend cannot work any longer and asks Andonis to help him. The boulders are used to pave the streets of [[Vienna]].<ref name="PapargyriouCarabott2015" /> The lyrics state: "help is an insult. compassion a curse", indicating that helping another inmate is severely punished by the Nazi guards.<ref name="PapargyriouCarabott2015"/>
+In "Antonis", the suffering of the imprisoned Jews doing [[hard labour]],<ref name="Richman2014"/> at the Mauthausen quarries is told, "mixed with a revolutionary and subversive mood".<ref name=Lifo.gr/> Antonis is a Greek prisoner who tries to help his Jewish friend carry a heavy boulder up an incline of 180 steps after his friend cannot work any longer and asks Antonis to help him. The boulders are used to pave the streets of [[Vienna]].<ref name="PapargyriouCarabott2015" /> The lyrics state: "help is an insult. compassion a curse", indicating that helping another inmate is severely punished by the Nazi guards.<ref name= "PapargyriouCarabott2015"/>
-However, Andonis helps his friend without hesitation.<ref name="PapargyriouCarabott2015">{{cite book|author1=Dr Eleni Papargyriou|author2=Dr Philip Carabott|author3=Professor Yannis Hamilakis|title=Camera Graeca: Photographs, Narratives, Materialities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=skIUCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT319|date=28 July 2015|publisher=Ashgate Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4724-2478-5|page=319}}</ref> A Nazi guard intervenes and, to punish Andonis, instructs him to carry a boulder twice as heavy. Andonis then chooses an even heavier boulder than the one the Nazi guard showed him and carries it to the top instead. Andonis states his name in Greek: "Μένα με λένε Αντώνη, κι' αν είσαι άντρας έλα δω στο μαρμαρένιο αλώνι" ("My name is Andonis, and if you are a man come here on the marble [[threshing floor]]"), challenging the guard and implying that real men are fighting for their lives in the Nazi quarry.<ref name="PapargyriouCarabott2015" /> The image of the marble threshing-floor is common in Greek folk literature, deriving from the [[Akritic songs]], where the eponymous hero, [[Digenis Akritas]], "as a kind of representative of mankind's struggles with [[Charos]], death, at the marble threshing-floor".<ref>* {{cite book | last=Jeffreys |first=Elizabeth | authorlink = Elizabeth Jeffreys | title=Digenis Akritis: the Grottaferrata and Escorial Versions| publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=1998 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Gd4ifVQxKtwC| isbn= 978-0-521-39472-7| page =xv}}</ref>
+However, Antonis helps his friend without hesitation.<ref name= "PapargyriouCarabott2015">{{cite book| first1 =Dr Eleni | last1 = Papargyriou | first2 = Dr Philip | last2 = Carabott| first3 =Professor Yannis | last3 = Hamilakis |title=Camera Graeca: Photographs, Narratives, Materialities |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=skIUCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT319 |date=28 July 2015|publisher=Ashgate Publishing Ltd|isbn= 978-1-4724-2478-5|page=319}}</ref> A Nazi guard intervenes and, to punish Antonis, instructs him to carry a boulder twice as heavy. Antonis then chooses an even heavier boulder than the one the Nazi guard showed him and carries it to the top instead. Antonis states his name in Greek: "Μένα με λένε Αντώνη, κι' αν είσαι άντρας έλα δω στο μαρμαρένιο αλώνι" ("My name is Antonis, and if you are a man come here on the marble [[threshing floor]]"), challenging the guard and implying that real men are fighting for their lives in the Nazi quarry.<ref name="PapargyriouCarabott2015" /> The image of the marble threshing-floor is common in Greek folk literature, deriving from the [[Akritic songs]], where the eponymous hero, [[Digenis Akritas]], "as a kind of representative of mankind's struggles with [[Charos]], death, at the marble threshing-floor".<ref>{{cite book | last= Jeffreys |first=Elizabeth | author-link = Elizabeth Jeffreys | title=Digenis Akritis: the Grottaferrata and Escorial Versions| publisher=Cambridge University Press | year= 1998 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Gd4ifVQxKtwC| isbn= 978-0-521-39472-7| page =xv}}</ref>
 In "Drapetis", the adventure of an escapee, "Yannos Ber from The North", is narrated through the song, as is also his recapture by the [[SS]] which leads to his "tragic fate".<ref name=Lifo.gr/>
-The finale "Otan Teleiosi o Polemos" is a [[fantasy]] about the reunion of the two lovers.<ref name="Richman2014">{{cite book|author=Sophia Richman|title=Mended by the Muse: Creative Transformations of Trauma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h_YjAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT270|date=21 March 2014|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-136-91402-7|page=270}}</ref> It goes full circle with the girl from "Song of Songs" appearing as "the girl with the fearful eyes" and "the girl with the frozen hand",<ref name="Zable2004"/> and shows the protagonist of the first part, "Asma Asmaton", seeking love everywhere inside the concentration camp as a means of erasing Death, singing the words: "Έρωτα μεσ' στο μεσημέρι σ' όλα τα μέρη του θανάτου ώσπου ν' αφανιστεί η σκιά του" (Make love at midday, in all of Death's places until his Shadow disappears".<ref name=Lifo.gr/>
+The finale "Otan Teleiosi o Polemos" is a [[fantasy]] about the reunion of the two lovers.<ref name= "Richman2014">{{cite book| first =Sophia | last = Richman |title=Mended by the Muse: Creative Transformations of Trauma|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=h_YjAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT270|date=21 March 2014|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-136-91402-7|page=270}}</ref> It goes full circle with the girl from "Song of Songs" appearing as "the girl with the fearful eyes" and "the girl with the frozen hand",<ref name="Zable2004"/> and shows the protagonist of the first part, "Asma Asmaton", seeking love everywhere inside the concentration camp as a means of erasing Death, singing the words: "Έρωτα μεσ' στο μεσημέρι σ' όλα τα μέρη του θανάτου ώσπου ν' αφανιστεί η σκιά του" (Make love at midday, in all of Death's places until his Shadow disappears".<ref name=Lifo.gr/>
 ==Reception==
-The ballad is considered as possibly the greatest work of Theodorakis,<ref name="Baltimore Sun"/> while the "Song of Songs" has been described as "one of the finest songs Theodorakis has ever written".<ref name="HolstHolst-Warhaft1980">{{cite book|author1=Gail Holst|author2=Gail Holst-Warhaft|title=Theodorakis: myth & politics in modern Greek music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EAUIAQAAMAAJ|year=1980|publisher=Hakkert|page=118|quote=Theodorakis composed a series of four songs to a cycle of poems by the poet Iakovos Kambanellis. Kambanellis ... The 'Song of Songs' which opens the cycle is one of the finest songs Theodorakis has ever written.}}</ref> The music critic of the ''[[Baltimore Sun]]'' writes: "Theodorakis had the genius to set this poem with melodic elements from the hymn for [[Palm Sunday]] of the [[Orthodox Church]], creating an exquisite, haunting and passionate melody that moves Kambanellis' affecting words to an even higher level."<ref name="Baltimore Sun">{{cite news|author1=Stephen Wigler, Sun Music Critic|title=Theodorakis writes the music of history|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1994-05-08/features/1994128214_1_mikis-theodorakis-greek-barrel-chest/2|date=8 May 1994}}</ref>
+The ballad is considered as possibly the greatest work of Theodorakis,<ref name="Baltimore Sun"/> while the "Song of Songs" has been described as "one of the finest songs Theodorakis has ever written".<ref name="HolstHolst-Warhaft1980">{{cite book|author1=Gail Holst|author2=Gail Holst-Warhaft|title=Theodorakis: myth & politics in modern Greek music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EAUIAQAAMAAJ|year=1980|publisher=Hakkert|page=118|isbn=9789025607951|quote=Theodorakis composed a series of four songs to a cycle of poems by the poet Iakovos Kambanellis. Kambanellis ... The 'Song of Songs' which opens the cycle is one of the finest songs Theodorakis has ever written.}}</ref> The music critic of the ''[[Baltimore Sun]]'' writes: "Theodorakis had the genius to set this poem with melodic elements from the hymn for [[Palm Sunday]] of the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], creating an exquisite, haunting and passionate melody that moves Kambanellis' affecting words to an even higher level."<ref name="Baltimore Sun">{{cite news|author1=Stephen Wigler, Sun Music Critic|title=Theodorakis writes the music of history|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1994/05/08/theodorakis-writes-the-music-of-history/|date=8 May 1994}}</ref>
-[[Jerry Silverman]] in his book  ''The Undying Flame: Ballads and Songs of the Holocaust'' writes that "we can be [similarly] enthralled by the passionate lyrics and haunting melody of "Asma Asmaton"" and "[Kambanellis] also wote a cycle of four poems based on episodes in his book, which were lovingly set to music by Mikis Theodorakis".<ref name="Silverman2001">{{cite book|author=Jerry Silverman|title=The Undying Flame: Ballads and Songs of the Holocaust : 110 Songs in 16 Languages with Extensive Historical Notes, Illustrations, Piano Arrangements, Guitar Chords, and Singable English Translations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LWZni-dTJcsC&pg=PA245|date=31 December 2001|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=978-0-8156-0708-3|pages=245–248}}</ref> Silverman also calls "Asma Asmaton" "extraordinarily moving".<ref name="Silverman2001p28">{{cite book|author=Jerry Silverman|title=The Undying Flame: Ballads and Songs of the Holocaust : 110 Songs in 16 Languages with Extensive Historical Notes, Illustrations, Piano Arrangements, Guitar Chords, and Singable English Translations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LWZni-dTJcsC&pg=PR28|date=31 December 2001|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=978-0-8156-0708-3|page=28}}</ref>
+[[Jerry Silverman]] in his book  ''The Undying Flame: Ballads and Songs of the Holocaust'' writes that "we can be [similarly] enthralled by the passionate lyrics and haunting melody of "Asma Asmaton"" and "[Kambanellis] also wrote a cycle of four poems based on episodes in his book, which were lovingly set to music by Mikis Theodorakis".<ref name="Silverman2001">{{cite book|author=Jerry Silverman|title=The Undying Flame: Ballads and Songs of the Holocaust : 110 Songs in 16 Languages with Extensive Historical Notes, Illustrations, Piano Arrangements, Guitar Chords, and Singable English Translations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LWZni-dTJcsC&pg=PA245|date=31 December 2001|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=978-0-8156-0708-3|pages=245–248}}</ref> Silverman also calls "Asma Asmaton" "extraordinarily moving".<ref name="Silverman2001p28">{{cite book|author=Jerry Silverman|title=The Undying Flame: Ballads and Songs of the Holocaust : 110 Songs in 16 Languages with Extensive Historical Notes, Illustrations, Piano Arrangements, Guitar Chords, and Singable English Translations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LWZni-dTJcsC&pg=PR28|date=31 December 2001|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=978-0-8156-0708-3|page=28}}</ref>
 Sophia Richman in her book ''Mended by the Muse: Creative Transformations of Trauma'' writes: "The song cycle is a requiem for Holocaust victims and raised the consciousness of all Greeks. Its sublime melodic lines, extended harmonies and rhythms, forced listeners to ask, "What happened to our Jews?"".<ref name="Richman2014p163">{{cite book|author=Sophia Richman|title=Mended by the Muse: Creative Transformations of Trauma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rPYjAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA164|date=21 March 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-91403-4|pages=163–164}}</ref> Richman also mentions that the composer "created songs that have entered the pantheon of acclaimed song cycles".<ref name="Richman2014p163"/>
@@ Line 86: / Line 72: @@
 During the premiere of his ballad in [[London]] in 1967, Mikis Theodorakis was in Greece imprisoned by the recently installed [[Greek military junta of 1967–74|Greek military junta]] and his music was banned in the country.<ref name="Baltimore Sun"/>
-On 6 May 1994 at a concert in [[Carnegie Hall]], filled to capacity, the audience joined Farandouri in singing the ballad.<ref name="Striar1998"/> There are editions of these songs in [[Hebrew]] and several other languages.<ref name="The Guardian">{{cite news|author1=Gail Holst-Warhaft|title=Iakovos Kambanellis obituary|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2011/apr/04/iakovos-kambanellis-obituary|publisher=The Guardian|date=4 April 2011}}</ref> Already in 1967, on Theodorakis' request, [[Liesbeth List]] sung the Mauthausen cycle in Dutch in ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Liesbeth List zingt Theodorakis|nl}}'', which became a [[platinum disc]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.liesbethlist.nl/#!biografie/cty | title = Liesbeth List: Biografie | language = Dutch | accessdate = 8 January 2016}}</ref>
+On 6 May 1994 at a concert in [[Carnegie Hall]], filled to capacity, the audience joined Farandouri in singing the ballad.<ref name="Striar1998"/> There are editions of these songs in [[Hebrew]] and several other languages.<ref name="The Guardian">{{cite news|author1=Gail Holst-Warhaft|title=Iakovos Kambanellis obituary|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2011/apr/04/iakovos-kambanellis-obituary|newspaper=The Guardian|date=4 April 2011}}</ref> Already in 1967, on Theodorakis' request, [[Liesbeth List]] sung the Mauthausen cycle in Dutch in ''{{Interlanguage link|Liesbeth List zingt Theodorakis|nl}}'', which became a [[platinum disc]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.liesbethlist.nl/#!biografie/cty | title = Liesbeth List: Biografie | language = Dutch | access-date = 8 January 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171108040010/https://www.liesbethlist.nl/#!biografie/cty | archive-date = 8 November 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
 ==World premiere and anniversaries==
-In May 1988, the world premiere of the "Mauthausen Trilogy", described as a "landmark concert",<ref name="Kathimerini"/> took place with Mikis Theodorakis conducting at the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria. The concert was attended by Austrian chancellor [[Franz Vranitzky]] along with tens of thousands of people from across Europe.<ref name="Kathimerini">{{cite news|title=Βιέννη: Ο Μίκης Θεοδωράκης αποθεώθηκε στη μεγάλη συναυλία προς τιμήν του|url=http://www.kathimerini.gr/22763/article/politismos/arxeio-politismoy/viennh-o-mikhs-8eodwrakhs-apo8ew8hke-sth-megalh-synaylia-pros-timhn-toy|publisher=Kathimerini}}</ref> Iakovos Kambanellis was also present. The ballad was sung by [[Maria Farandouri]] in Greek, Elinoar Moav Veniadi in Hebrew, Nadia Weinberg in English, and by East-German singer Gisela May in German.<ref>{{cite book|title=Kızıl şafak|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lpckAQAAIAAJ|year=2000|publisher=G. Schneider|volume=34|issue=1-15|quote=Mauthausen-Häftlings lacovos Kambanellis, die Mikis Theodorakis vertonte und Maria Farantouri zur Gedenkfeier sang sowie Versionen von Nadia Weinberg (englisch)}}</ref><ref name="Kathimerini"/>
+In May 1988, the world premiere of the "Mauthausen Trilogy", described as a "landmark concert",<ref name="Kathimerini"/> took place with Mikis Theodorakis conducting at the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria. The concert was attended by Austrian chancellor [[Franz Vranitzky]] along with tens of thousands of people from across Europe.<ref name="Kathimerini">{{cite news|title=Βιέννη: Ο Μίκης Θεοδωράκης αποθεώθηκε στη μεγάλη συναυλία προς τιμήν του|url=http://www.kathimerini.gr/22763/article/politismos/arxeio-politismoy/viennh-o-mikhs-8eodwrakhs-apo8ew8hke-sth-megalh-synaylia-pros-timhn-toy|newspaper=Kathimerini}}</ref> Iakovos Kambanellis was also present. The ballad was sung by [[Maria Farandouri]] in Greek, Elinoar Moav Veniadi in Hebrew, Nadia Weinberg in English, and by East-German singer Gisela May in German.<ref name="Kathimerini"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Kızıl şafak|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lpckAQAAIAAJ|year=2000|publisher=G. Schneider|volume=34|issue=1–15|quote=Mauthausen-Häftlings lacovos Kambanellis, die Mikis Theodorakis vertonte und Maria Farantouri zur Gedenkfeier sang sowie Versionen von Nadia Weinberg (englisch)}}</ref>
-In May 1995, a repeat concert at Mauthausen camp took place to mark the 50th anniversary of the liberation of the camp conducted again by Theodorakis, which was also attended by chancellor Vranitzky and Simon Wiesenthal, who held a speech during the event. Maria Farandouri was the performer of the songs at that concert as well.<ref name=Bulletin>{{cite book|title=The Bulletin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4-MxAQAAIAAJ&q=mauthausen+cantata&dq=mauthausen+cantata&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjtnp2H54vKAhVBKB4KHeu3CzoQ6AEIMDAC|year=1995|publisher=J. Haynes and J.F. Archibald|page=91|quote=As well as renditions of his popular works, audiences can expect classical pieces such as the Mauthausen cantata, which Theodorakis performed in Austria in May to mark the 50th anniversary of the liberation of that country's Mauthausen Nazi ...}}</ref><ref name=SAE>{{cite web|title=Βραβείο για την πρώτη γερμανική μετάφραση του "Μαουτχάουζεν" του Ιάκωβου Καμπανέλλη|url=http://el.sae.gr/?id=21256|publisher=Συμβούλιο Αποδήμου Ελληνισμού|archivedate=11 January 2011}}</ref>
+In May 1995, a repeat concert at Mauthausen camp took place to mark the 50th anniversary of the liberation of the camp conducted again by Theodorakis, which was also attended by chancellor Vranitzky and Simon Wiesenthal, who held a speech during the event. Maria Farandouri was the performer of the songs at that concert as well.<ref name=Bulletin>{{cite book|title=The Bulletin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4-MxAQAAIAAJ&q=mauthausen+cantata|year=1995|publisher=J. Haynes and J.F. Archibald|page=91|quote=As well as renditions of his popular works, audiences can expect classical pieces such as the Mauthausen cantata, which Theodorakis performed in Austria in May to mark the 50th anniversary of the liberation of that country's Mauthausen Nazi ...}}</ref><ref name=SAE>{{cite web|title=Βραβείο για την πρώτη γερμανική μετάφραση του "Μαουτχάουζεν" του Ιάκωβου Καμπανέλλη|url=http://el.sae.gr/?id=21256|publisher=Συμβούλιο Αποδήμου Ελληνισμού}}</ref>
 On 10 May 2015, the ballad of Theodorakis was played in a ceremony at the Greek memorial of  Mauthausen honouring the memory of the 3,700 Greek victims of the Holocaust with [[Zoe Konstantopoulou]] attending as [[speaker of the Hellenic Parliament]] on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the liberation of the camp. Delegations from other European states and thousands of Europeans also attended ceremonies at the memorials of their individual countries.<ref name=NewPost>{{cite news|title=H Κωνσταντοπούλου στο Μαουτχάουζεν|url=http://newpost.gr/politiki/457370/h-kwnstantopoyloy-sto-maoytxaoyzen|publisher=NewPost.gr|date=20 April 2015}}</ref>
@@ Line 98: / Line 84: @@
 ==Wider impact==
-The song "Andonis" from the ballad has been used by the [[Kurds]] as musical background in a video showing Kurdish women [[Siege of Kobanî|fighting at Kobanî]] during the [[Syrian Civil War]].<ref name=Ethnos>{{cite web|title=ΒΙΝΤΕΟ ΝΤΥΜΕΝΟ ΜΕ ΤΟΝ "ΑΝΤΩΝΗ" ΚΑΙ "ΠΟΙΟΣ ΔΕΝ ΜΙΛΑ ΓΙΑ ΤΗ ΛΑΜΠΡΗ" Η μουσική του Θεοδωράκη εμψυχώνει τη μάχη των Κούρδων στο Κομπάνι|url=http://www.ethnos.gr/article.asp?catid=22769&subid=2&pubid=64080180|publisher=Ethnos.gr}}</ref><ref name=Imerisia>{{cite news|title=Υπό τους ήχους του Θεοδωράκη οι Κούρδοι πολεμούν τους τζιχαντιστές!|url=http://www.imerisia.gr/article.asp?catid=26511&subid=2&pubid=113369603|publisher=Imerisia,gr}}</ref> The song was also sung by the residents of [[Kabul]] in 2001 as they greeted troops of the [[Northern Alliance]] in [[Afghanistan]] entering  the city and expelling the [[Taliban]].<ref name=Ethnos/> The aria of "Andonis" was the music theme of [[Costa-Gavras]]'s 1969 film ''[[Z (1969 film)|Z]]'', whose soundtrack won a [[BAFTA Award for Best Film Music]] in 1970.<ref name=Lifo.gr/><ref name=Ethnos/>
+The song "Antonis" from the ballad has been used by the [[Kurds]] as musical background in a video showing Kurdish women [[Siege of Kobanî|fighting at Kobanî]] during the [[Syrian Civil War]].<ref name=Ethnos>{{cite web|title=ΒΙΝΤΕΟ ΝΤΥΜΕΝΟ ΜΕ ΤΟΝ "ΑΝΤΩΝΗ" ΚΑΙ "ΠΟΙΟΣ ΔΕΝ ΜΙΛΑ ΓΙΑ ΤΗ ΛΑΜΠΡΗ" Η μουσική του Θεοδωράκη εμψυχώνει τη μάχη των Κούρδων στο Κομπάνι|url=http://www.ethnos.gr/article.asp?catid=22769&subid=2&pubid=64080180|publisher=Ethnos.gr}}</ref><ref name=Imerisia>{{cite news|title=Υπό τους ήχους του Θεοδωράκη οι Κούρδοι πολεμούν τους τζιχαντιστές!|url=http://www.imerisia.gr/article.asp?catid=26511&subid=2&pubid=113369603|publisher=Imerisia.gr}}</ref> The song was also sung by the residents of [[Kabul]] in 2001 as they greeted troops of the [[Northern Alliance]] in [[Afghanistan]] entering  the city and expelling the [[Taliban]].<ref name=Ethnos/> The aria of "Antonis" was the music theme of [[Costa-Gavras]]'s 1969 film ''[[Z (1969 film)|Z]]'', whose soundtrack won a [[BAFTA Award for Best Film Music]] in 1970.<ref name=Lifo.gr/><ref name=Ethnos/>
-"Andonis" was also chosen as the background music for a pre-election advertising spot of [[Syriza]], a fact criticised by the newspapers because the name "Andonis" was that of the New Democracy leader at the time, [[Antonis Samaras]], and the lyrics depict Andonis as a heroic figure who challenges anyone to fight with him on the marble threshing-floor. The title of one  newspaper article translates as: "[Elena] Akrita: Did anyone at Syriza pay attention to the lyrics of the piece they chose for their [advertising] spot?" and the other: "Unfortunate selection of music in Syriza's [advertising] spot".<ref name=Eleftheria2>{{cite web|title=Ακρίτα: Κανείς στο ΣΥΡΙΖΑ δεν πρόσεξε τους στίχους για το κομμάτι που επέλεξαν στο σποτ τους;|url=http://www.eleftheriaonline.gr/new/item/52154-akrita-kaneis-sto-syriza-den-prosekse-tous-stixous-gia-to-kommati-pou-epeleksan-sto-spot-tous|publisher=Eleftheria.gr}}</ref><ref name=Topnews>{{cite web|title=Ατυχής επιλογή η μουσική στο σποτ του Σύριζα|url=http://www.topnews.gr/atichis-epilogi-gia-mousiki-ependisi-sto-spot-tou-siriza/|publisher=Topnews.gr}}</ref>
+"Antonis" was also chosen as the background music for a pre-election advertising spot of [[Syriza]], a fact criticised by the newspapers because the name "Antonis" was that of the New Democracy leader at the time, [[Antonis Samaras]], and the lyrics depict Antonis as a heroic figure who challenges anyone to fight with him on the marble threshing-floor. The title of one  newspaper article translates as: "[Elena] Akrita: Did anyone at Syriza pay attention to the lyrics of the piece they chose for their [advertising] spot?" and the other: "Unfortunate selection of music in Syriza's [advertising] spot".<ref name=Eleftheria2>{{cite web|title=Ακρίτα: Κανείς στο ΣΥΡΙΖΑ δεν πρόσεξε τους στίχους για το κομμάτι που επέλεξαν στο σποτ τους;|url=http://www.eleftheriaonline.gr/new/item/52154-akrita-kaneis-sto-syriza-den-prosekse-tous-stixous-gia-to-kommati-pou-epeleksan-sto-spot-tous|publisher=Eleftheria.gr}}</ref><ref name=Topnews>{{cite web|title=Ατυχής επιλογή η μουσική στο σποτ του Σύριζα|date=5 January 2015|url=http://www.topnews.gr/atichis-epilogi-gia-mousiki-ependisi-sto-spot-tou-siriza/|publisher=Topnews.gr}}</ref>
 ==Theatrical play==
-A theatrical play based on the Trilogy, premiered in Athens on 6 December 2012 featuring the music of Mikis Theodorakis and [[Gustav Mahler]]. The work appeared at the [[Badminton Theater]] in Athens under the title ''Mauthausen''. Theodorakis had granted permission for the use of his work during the play.<ref name="To Vima">{{cite news|title=Θεατρικό "Μαουτχάουζεν" με υπογραφή Καμπανέλλη – Θεοδωράκη Το συγκλονιστικό χρονικό μιας προσωπικής εμπειρίας στη σκηνή του Badminton|url=http://www.tovima.gr/culture/article/?aid=487137|publisher=To Vima|date=5 December 2012}}</ref>
+A theatrical play based on the Trilogy premiered in [[Athens]] on 6 December 2012 featuring the music of Mikis Theodorakis and [[Gustav Mahler]]. The work appeared at the [[Badminton Theater]] in Athens under the title ''Mauthausen''. Theodorakis had granted permission for the use of his work during the play.<ref name="To Vima">{{cite news|title=Θεατρικό "Μαουτχάουζεν" με υπογραφή Καμπανέλλη – Θεοδωράκη Το συγκλονιστικό χρονικό μιας προσωπικής εμπειρίας στη σκηνή του Badminton|url=http://www.tovima.gr/culture/article/?aid=487137|newspaper=To Vima|date=5 December 2012}}</ref>
-==Anti-semitic views==
-{{POV|date=October 2017}}
-Theodorakis made the following anti-semitic comments in 2002:
-According to an article from Greekreporter.com: [he] said in a television interview that he is an “anti-Semite and anti-Zionist [...] he also said in the interview on Greece’s High channel that “everything that happens today in the world has to do with the Zionists [...] American Jews are responsible for the world economic crisis that has hit Greece also"
-The website wrote: The composer, a member of the Greek Communist Party for 60 years, once was a supporter of Israel but gradually became a major critic. He has gone from criticizing Israel to making anti-Semitic remarks and holding anti-Semitic positions.
-Theodorakis criticized Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou for meeting with his Israeli counterpart, Benjamin Netanyahu, who the composer says is a persona non-grata in Greece due to his “war crimes in Lebanon and Gaza.”
 ==References==
-{{reflist|30em}}
+{{reflist}}
+{{authority control}}
 [[Category:1966 songs]]
@@ Line 119: / Line 101: @@
 [[Category:Songs about the Holocaust]]
 [[Category:Songs about Austria]]
-[[Category:Arias]]
+[[Category:Arias in German]]
+[[Category:Arias in English]]
 [[Category:Requiems]]
+[[Category:Classical music about the Holocaust]]

Authority control databases
International	VIAF 2
National	Germany United States France BnF data