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{{short description|1967 Czechoslovak New Wave epic historical drama film by František Vláčil}}
{{Infobox film
{{Infobox film
| name = Marketa Lazarová
| name = Marketa Lazarová
| image = Marketa Lazarova film poster 1967 Czech film.jpg
| image = Marketa Lazarova film poster 1967 Czech film.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| caption = Promotional release poster
| director = [[František Vláčil]]
| director = [[František Vláčil]]
| producer = Josef Ouzký
| producer = Josef Ouzký
| based on = {{based on|''[[Marketa Lazarová (novel)|Marketa Lazarová]]''|[[Vladislav Vančura]]}}
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Marketa Lazarová (novel)|Marketa Lazarová]]''<br>1931 novel|[[Vladislav Vančura]]}}
| screenplay = František Pavlíček, František Vláčil
| screenplay = František Pavlíček, František Vláčil
| narrator = [[Zdeněk Štěpánek]]
| narrator = [[Zdeněk Štěpánek]]
Line 19: Line 20:
| country = Czechoslovakia
| country = Czechoslovakia
| language = Czech<br />[[German language|German]]
| language = Czech<br />[[German language|German]]
| budget = 13 Million [[Czechoslovak Crown|Kčs]]
| budget = 12,733,000 [[Czechoslovak Crown|Kčs]]<ref name="CSFD"/>
| gross = 5.2 Million [[Czechoslovak Crown|Kčs]]<ref name="lidovky.cz">{{cite web|title=Restaurovaná Marketa Lazarová vyšla na DVD|url=http://www.lidovky.cz/restaurovana-marketa-lazarova-vysla-na-dvd-fk4-/kultura.aspx?c=A111208_140808_ln_kultura_btt|website=Lidovky.cz|accessdate=17 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Koupíme si za dnešní plat více než před dvaceti lety?|url=http://finance.idnes.cz/koupime-si-za-dnesni-plat-vice-nez-pred-dvaceti-lety-fh3-/viteze.aspx?c=A020603_155800_fi_osobni_mir|website=iDNES.cz|accessdate=26 August 2016|date=4 June 2002}}</ref>
| gross = 5,200,000 [[Czechoslovak Crown|Kčs]]<ref name="lidovky.cz">{{cite web|title=Restaurovaná Marketa Lazarová vyšla na DVD|url=http://www.lidovky.cz/restaurovana-marketa-lazarova-vysla-na-dvd-fk4-/kultura.aspx?c=A111208_140808_ln_kultura_btt|website=Lidovky.cz| date=8 December 2011 |accessdate=17 August 2015|language=cs}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Koupíme si za dnešní plat více než před dvaceti lety?|url=http://finance.idnes.cz/koupime-si-za-dnesni-plat-vice-nez-pred-dvaceti-lety-fh3-/viteze.aspx?c=A020603_155800_fi_osobni_mir|website=iDNES.cz|accessdate=26 August 2016|date=4 June 2002|language=cs}}</ref>
}}
}}


'''''Marketa Lazarová''''' (1967) is a [[Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovak]] historical film directed by [[František Vláčil]]. It is an adaptation of the novel ''[[Marketa Lazarová (novel)|Marketa Lazarová]]'' (1931) by [[Vladislav Vančura]]. The film takes place in an indeterminate time during the Middle Ages, and tells the story of a daughter of a feudal lord who is kidnapped by neighbouring robber knights and becomes a mistress of one of them.
'''''Marketa Lazarová''''' is a 1967 [[Czechoslovak New Wave]] [[Epic film|epic]] [[period drama]]<ref name="TOP 10" /> film directed by [[František Vláčil]]. It is an adaptation of the novel ''[[Marketa Lazarová (novel)|Marketa Lazarová]]'' (1931) by [[Vladislav Vančura]]. Set in the middle of 13th century when Christianity was taking over native Paganism in [[Central Europe]], the film tells the story of a daughter of a feudal lord who is kidnapped by neighbouring robber knights shortly before she is to join a [[convent]] .


''Marketa Lazarová'' was voted the [[List of films Czech films considered the best|all-time best Czech movie]] in a prestigious 1998 poll of Czech film critics and publicists.<ref name="TOP 10">{{cite web|url=http://www.uh.cz/p100/p100/anketa.htm|title=TOP 10 CESKO-SLOVENSKEHO HRANEHO FILMU|language=Czech|work=Mestska kina Uherske Hradiste|year=1998|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19991002160851/http://www.uh.cz/p100/p100/anketa.htm|archivedate=2 October 1999}}</ref>
''Marketa Lazarová'' was voted the [[List of films Czech films considered the best|all-time best Czech movie]] in a 1998 poll of Czech film critics and publicists.<ref name="TOP 10">{{cite web|url=http://www.uh.cz/p100/p100/anketa.htm|title=Top 10 Cesko-Slovenskeho Hraneho Filmu|language=cs|work=Mestska kina Uherske Hradiste|year=1998|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19991002160851/http://www.uh.cz/p100/p100/anketa.htm|archivedate=2 October 1999}}</ref> Although not quite as known as other Czechoslovakian movies is highly regarded by those who watched as one of the best historical movies ever made.


[[Theodor Pištěk (costume designer)|Theodor Pištěk]] designed the costumes for the film.
[[Theodor Pištěk (costume designer)|Theodor Pištěk]] designed the costumes for the film.


==Plot==
==Plot==
{{plot|date=June 2016}}
The sons of the robber clan patriarch Kozlík ambush a small caravan travelling to the nearby [[Mladá Boleslav]] in winter. One man escapes, turning out to be the new Bishop of Hennau and an important ally of the Czech king, while the two captives the clan takes are the Bishop's son and his assistant. Mikoláš, one of the sons, encounters the neighboring clan leader Lazar scavenging at the site of the ambush. He threatens to kill Lazar, but spares him as he prays to Christ to forgive Mikoláš. He returns to his settlement where his father, Kozlík, grows furious at him for allowing a man to escape and bringing captives.


=== Part 1 ===
Later, Kozlík reaches the settlement after being chased by wolves through a forest. He had answered summons from the king and upon his arrival to Mladá Boleslav, the king's captain attempted to take him into custody. Anticipating a regiment led by the captain, the clan abandons the settlement and moves deeper into the forest. Mikoláš visits Lazar's settlement, urging him to help Kozlík ambush the regiment. Lazar's young virgin daughter Markéta is shocked to see her father's men brutally beat Mikoláš, who is then allowed to leave. When he returns, Kozlík sends a small group of men to avenge the beating. They turn back upon finding that the regiment has already arrived to Lazar's settlement and shoot down the captain's closest knight as he rides to meet them. The captain swears justice and vengeance.
During a harsh winter, two sons of Kozlík, a robber clan leader, ambush a group traveling to [[Mladá Boleslav]]. They kidnap a young nobleman, Kristian, who has been chosen to become the Bishop of Hennau, but Kristian's father, a count and ally of the [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemian king]], escapes. Mikoláš, one of the sons, finds a neighboring clan leader, Lazar, scavenging the site of the ambush. When Mikoláš makes him get down and pray, Lazar becomes transfixed by a holy vision of his virginal daughter, Marketa, as a nun, and Mikoláš spares his life. At their settlement, named Roháček, Kozlík chastises Mikoláš for bringing captives and sparing Lazar. His anger increases when the other son, Adam, reveals that the nobleman's father escaped, raising the possibility that the king's soldiers might come to Roháček. As a result, Kozlík reverses his order to kill Kristian. Meanwhile, Kozlík's daughter, Alexandra, takes a liking to Kristian, much to Adam's dismay.


Kozlík goes to the king's captain in Boleslav, saying he has come in good faith to talk, but the captain tells him it is too late and that the king has given him orders to imprison Kozlík. Kozlík stabs the captain at the prison door, manages to escape, and returns to Roháček. Anticipating an attack by the captain, the clan retreats to a remote fortification. Mikoláš visits Lazar, urging him to help Kozlík ambush the regiment. Marketa is shocked to see Mikoláš brutally beaten and driven out. A small group sent by Kozlík to avenge the beating finds the regiment already at Lazar's settlement. They kill the captain's closest knight and retreat, and the captain swears justice and revenge.
Lazar and Markéta visit the nunnery, but Lazar has failed to bring the required amount of money to allow Markéta to take vows. When they return to their settlement, Mikoláš and his men have already captured it. They kill Lazar's mentally disabled son, kidnap Markéta, and nail Lazar to the gate. Upon returning to his clan's forest stronghold, Mikoláš rapes Markéta and then protects her from his father's wrath. Meanwhile, a romance has developed between the Bishop's captive son Kristián and Kozlík's daughter Alexandra, whom he impregnantes. She had some time ago had an affair with her brother Adam, who lost an arm as a result. Kozlík now chains Mikoláš and Markéta, who are falling in love, together with Kristián and Alexandra on a hill outside the fortress.


Lazar and Marketa visit the [[convent]] and make arrangements to enroll her at winter's end. Returning their settlement, they find it captured by Mikoláš and his men, who kill Lazar's mentally disabled son. As Lazar begs for his life, Mikoláš demands Marketa in exchange. He protests, but they nail him to the gate and take Marketa. At their forest stronghold, Mikoláš rapes Marketa but then protects her from Kozlík's wrath. Meanwhile, Kristian has impregnated Alexandra. Kozlík chains both couples on a nearby hill.
When the captain's regiment arrives with Adam whom they had captured, Kozlík allows the four back inside. After an initial rash attack in which Adam dies is repulsed, the Captain mounts a second attack which succeeds. Kristián sees Alexandra chased by dogs and is torn in his loyalty to his father and his love for her, running off into the forest. Mikoláš, Markéta, and Alexandra escape while Kozlík is taken captive to Mladá Boleslav. Alexandra comes across Kristián and crushes his head with a rock. Markéta return home to her father, who survived his crucifixion, but he rejects her. She travels to the nunnery and begins to take her vows just as Mikoláš attempts to free his father from the castle dungeon. She leaves during the ceremony to find Mikoláš dying in the castle courtyard from wounds suffered in the rescue attempt. The captain marries Mikoláš and Markéta on the spot before his men take Kozlík away and Mikoláš dies. In the final scene, Markéta wanders the countryside as the narrator reveals that both she and Alexandra had sons. Markéta nursed both boys, implying that Alexandra died after giving birth, perhaps comitting suicide.


==Cast and characters==
=== Part 2 ===
Bernard, a wandering priest, happens upon Lazar's settlement, where the captain's soldiers knock him out and steal his sheep.  After traveling away from the settlement, the soldiers are killed and robbed by Adam and an accomplice, but the captain and additional soldiers arrive and take Adam captive.  Kristian's father demands Adam be killed, but the captain forces Adam to lead them to Kozlik. In a flashback we learn that Alexandra and Adam previously engaged in incest, during which he was bitten by a venomous snake on the arm. Kozlik chopped off Adam's arm to give him a chance to survive but otherwise left the siblings' fate to the gods, telling Alexandra that if he died she would be killed. In the present, Bernard wanders to Kozlik's fortification, where he eats his own sheep for a meal, learning this only afterward. When the captain's regiment arrives at the stronghold with Adam, Kozlík allows Mikolas to join the others back inside.
===Main characters===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Character !! Role !! Notes
|-
| Narrator (voice) || [[Zdeněk Štěpánek]] ||
|-
| Kozlík || [[Josef Kemr]] || A bandit knight who resides at Roháček. He is Lazar's rival. His clan has to face the royal army.<ref name="postavy">{{cite web|title=Nostalghia.cz - Marketa Lazarová|url=http://nostalghia.cz/webs/marketa/postavy.php#ident3|website=nostalghia.cz|accessdate=26 August 2016}}</ref>
|-
| Mikoláš || [[František Velecký]]<br>[[Petr Kostka]] (voice) || Kozlík's second born son and the protagonist of the film.<ref name="Filmy režiséra Františka Vláčila">{{cite web|title=Filmy režiséra Františka Vláčila|url=http://www.rozhlas.cz/nabozenstvi/krestanskavlna/_zprava/filmy-rezisera-frantiska-vlacila--1252894|website=Rozhlas.cz|accessdate=27 October 2017|language=cs}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=2003-2016|first1=Filmová databáze s.r.o. (FDb.cz),|title=Marketa Lazarová (1967)|url=http://www.fdb.cz/film/marketa-lazarova/popis-obsah/12053|website=FDb.cz|accessdate=26 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=VERTIGO {{!}} Marketa Lazarová|url=https://www.closeupfilmcentre.com/vertigo_magazine/volume-3-issue-7-autumn-2007/marketa-lazarov/|website=www.closeupfilmcentre.com|accessdate=26 August 2016}}</ref> He is considered to be Kozlík's successor. He abducts Marketa and eventually marries her.
|-
| Adam-Jednoručka || [[Ivan Palúch]]<br>[[Ladislav Trojan]] (voice) || Kozlík's son who is in a relationship with his sister Alexandra.
|-
| Alexandra || Pavla Polášková<br> [[Karolina Slunéčková]] (voice) || Kozlík's daughter who is in a relationship with her brother Adam. She falls in love with Kristián, a prisoner of her family.<ref name="postavy"/>
|-
| Lazar || [[Michal Kožuch]]<br>[[Martin Růžek]] (voice) || Marketa's father who is a bandit knight but rejects to help Kozlík and eventually helps the royal army.<ref name="postavy"/>
|-
| Marketa Lazarová || [[Magda Vášáryová]]<br>[[Gabriela Vránová]] (voice) || The only daughter of Lazar. She is a naive girl who is abducted by Mikoláš and becomes his mistress. She eventually falls in love with him and they get married before his execution.<ref name="postavy"/>
|-
| Kristián || [[Harry Studt]] || Saxon Count whose son is abducted by Kozlík's sons.
|-
| Kristián || [[Vlastimil Harapes]]<br>[[Klaus-Peter-Thiele]] (voice) || Son of a Saxon noble who is taken prisoner by Kozlík's clan. He falls in love with Alexandra.<ref name="postavy"/>
|-
| Captain Pivo || [[Zdeněk Kryzánek]] || The leader of the royal army who is sent against Kozlík. He is tasked to rescue Kristián. He later marries Mikoláš to Marketa.
|-
| Sovička || [[Zdeněk Řehoř]] ||Pivo's second in command. He is attracted to Marketa. He is killed by Kozlík's sons.<ref name="postavy"/>
|-
| Kateřina || [[Naďa Hejná]]<br>[[Antonie Hegerliková]] (voice) || Kozlík's wife.
|-
| Bernard || [[Vladimír Menšík]] || Wandering monk who serves as a viewer of the events in the film. He didn't appear in the novel.<ref name="postavy"/>
|-
| Priory || [[Karla Chadimová]] ||
|}


In an initial rash attack, the captain is repulsed but Adam dies. He then mounts a successful second attack. Kristian sees Alexandra chased by the attackers and is torn between loyalty to his father and love for her. He stumbles away beaten while a dream-like flashback shows him explaining his love for Alexandra and their future child to his dismayed father. Kristian reaches Roháček calling out for Alexandra, finds the settlement partially burned down and abandoned with the exception for Bernard, and wanders away. Meanwhile, Alexandra, Mikoláš, and Marketa have escaped the captain, who has taken Kozlík captive to Boleslav. Alexandra finds Kristian crawling through the woods and kills him. Kristian's father eventually finds her and demands to know where his body is buried, and finally she is arrested.
===Supporting cast===

{| class="wikitable"
Marketa returns to Lazar, who survived, but he rejects her. In a trance-like state, she travels to the nunnery and begins to take her vows just as Mikoláš attempts to free Kozlík from the Boleslav dungeon. A child finds her and takes her arm. She leaves the ceremony to find Mikoláš dying in the castle courtyard from wounds suffered in the attempt. The captain marries Mikoláš and Marketa on the spot, and Mikoláš dies immediately afterward. Kozlík and Alexandra are present for the marriage, and then he is led toward his execution and she is taken to the prison. Brother Bernard finds Marketa in the wilderness and offers to travel with her in search of a new life. In the final scene, Marketa wanders on as the narrator reveals that she and Alexandra each had a son and that Marketa breastfed both boys.
|-

! Character !! Role !! Notes
==Cast==
|-
*[[Josef Kemr]] as Kozlík, a bandit yeoman who resides at Roháček. Lazar's rival.
| Jan || [[Jaroslav Moučka]] || Kozlík's first born son.
*[[František Velecký]] as Mikoláš, Kozlík's second born son
|-
| Jiří || [[Karel Vašíček]] || Kozlík's son.
*[[Ivan Palúch]] as Adam-Jednoručka, Kozlík's son
*Pavla Polášková as Alexandra, Kozlík's daughter
|-
| Smil || [[Pavel Landovský]] || Kozlík's son.
*[[Michal Kožuch]] as Lazar, a bandit yeoman. Kozlík's rival.
*[[Magda Vášáryová]] as Marketa Lazarová, Lazar's daughter
|-
*[[Harry Studt]] as Kristián, Saxon Count whose son is abducted by Kozlík's sons
| Burjan || [[Ladislav Považay]] || Kozlík's son.
*[[Vlastimil Harapes]] as Kristián, son of a Saxon noble who is taken prisoner by Kozlík's clan
|-
*[[Zdeněk Kryzánek]] Captain Pivo, the leader of the royal army
| Václav || [[Martin Mrázek]] || Kozlík's son.
*[[Zdeněk Řehoř]] as Sovička, Pivo's second in command
|-
*[[Naďa Hejná]] as Kateřina, Kozlík's wife.
| Bohdan || [[Václav Kovařík]] ||
*[[Vladimír Menšík]] as Bernard, a wandering monk
|-
*[[Karla Chadimová]] as the Abbess
| Jakub || [[Petr Sedlák]] ||
*[[Jaroslav Moučka]] as Jan, Kozlík's first born son
|-
*[[Pavel Landovský]] as Smil, Kozlík's son.
| Reiner || [[Zdeněk Kutil]] || Count's butler
*[[Zdeněk Štěpánek]] as Narrator (voice)
|-
*[[Petr Kostka]] as Mikoláš (voice)
| Wagoner || [[František Nechyba]] ||
*[[Ladislav Trojan]] as Adam-Jednoručka (voice)
|-
*[[Karolina Slunéčková]] as Alexandra, Kozlík's daughter (voice)
| Armory || [[Karel Bradáč]] ||
*[[Martin Růžek]] as Lazar (voice)
|-
*[[Gabriela Vránová]] as Marketa Lazarová (voice)
| Šimon || [[Václav Sloup]] || Jan's son.
*[[Klaus-Peter Thiele]] as Kristián (voice)
|-
*[[Antonie Hegerlíková]] as Kateřina (voice)<ref name="Filmy režiséra Františka Vláčila">{{cite web|title=Filmy režiséra Františka Vláčila|url=http://www.rozhlas.cz/nabozenstvi/krestanskavlna/_zprava/filmy-rezisera-frantiska-vlacila--1252894|website=Rozhlas.cz|date=8 September 2013 |accessdate=27 October 2017|language=cs}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Marketa Lazarová (1967)|url=http://www.fdb.cz/film/marketa-lazarova/popis-obsah/12053|website=FDb.cz|accessdate=26 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Vertigo {{!}} Marketa Lazarová|url=https://www.closeupfilmcentre.com/vertigo_magazine/volume-3-issue-7-autumn-2007/marketa-lazarov/|website=Closeupfilmcentre.com|accessdate=26 August 2016}}</ref>
| Kornet || [[Jan Pohan]] ||
|-
| Drahuše || [[Alena Pavlíková]] || Kozlík's daughter.
|-
| Jakub || [[Zdeněk Lipovčan]] || Lazar's son.
|-
| Františkán || [[Ota Ševčík]] ||
|-
| rowspan="5"|Royal soldiers || Majka-Čech || rowspan="5"| Soldiers of Pivo's regiment
|-
| [[František Hlinovský]]
|-
| [[Jaroslav Mařan]]
|-
| [[Ota Lackovič]]
|-
| Others
|}


==Themes==
==Themes==
The film is set in medieval Bohemia at a time when Christianity had not fully replaced Paganism. Conflict between Christianity and Paganism, mirroring a conflict between the clans and central authority, is a major theme. The Kozlík clan leans toward Paganism while the royal regiment represent Christianity and authority.<ref name="Marketa Lazarová – The greatest Czech film of all time">{{cite web|title=Marketa Lazarová – The greatest Czech film of all time|url=https://lisathatcher.com/2012/03/06/marketa-lazarova-the-greatest-czech-film-of-all-time/|website=Lisa Thatcher|accessdate=27 August 2017|date=6 March 2012}}</ref> Meanwhile, Lazar's clan is nominally Christian but politically neutral. Kozlík wants Lazar to support him in the fight but Lazar refuses and sides with the king, leading to the abduction of his daughter.<ref name="'Marketa Lazarova', a Haunting Czech Epic, Will Entrance You">{{cite web|title='Marketa Lazarova', a Haunting Czech Epic, Will Entrance You|url=http://www.popmatters.com/review/173425-marketa-lazarova/|website=PopMatters|accessdate=27 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="Prague’s Savage Spring"/>
The film is set in medieval Bohemia at a time when Christianity had not fully replaced Paganism. Conflict between Christianity and Paganism, mirroring a conflict between the clans and central authority, is a major theme. The Kozlík clan leans toward Paganism while the royal regiment represent Christianity and authority.<ref name="Marketa Lazarová – The greatest Czech film of all time">{{cite web|title=Marketa Lazarová – The greatest Czech film of all time|url=https://lisathatcher.com/2012/03/06/marketa-lazarova-the-greatest-czech-film-of-all-time/|website=Lisa Thatcher|accessdate=27 August 2017|date=6 March 2012}}</ref> Meanwhile, Lazar's clan is nominally Christian but politically neutral. Kozlík wants Lazar to support him in the fight but Lazar refuses and sides with the king, leading to the abduction of his daughter.<ref name="'Marketa Lazarova', a Haunting Czech Epic, Will Entrance You">{{cite web|title='Marketa Lazarova', a Haunting Czech Epic, Will Entrance You|url=http://www.popmatters.com/review/173425-marketa-lazarova/|website=PopMatters|date=19 July 2013 |accessdate=27 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="Prague's Savage Spring"/>


Similarly, the romance between Markéta and Mikoláš, who rapes her but later protects and loves her, represents a meeting of purity and innocence with worldly violence. The film highlights Mikoláš's ferocity and unrestrainment.<ref name="Marketa jediná zvítězí!">{{cite web|title=Marketa jediná zvítězí!|url=https://www.advojka.cz/archiv/2010/6/marketa-jedina-zvitezi|website=A2.cz|accessdate=27 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="Filmové obrazy středověku - Castrum o.p.s.">{{cite web|last1=Humpolcem|first1=Hrad Orlík nad|title=Filmové obrazy středověku - Castrum o.p.s.|url=http://www.castrum.cz/film-a-dejiny/clanky/petr-kopal/filmove-obrazy-stredoveku/|website=www.castrum.cz|accessdate=27 August 2017|language=cs}}</ref> This interplays with the romance between Mikoláš's sister Alexandra and Kristián, in which the roles are reversed. Kristián's love for Alexandra contradicts Mikoláš's love for Marketa; he is uncertain in it due to his loyalty to his father.
Similarly, the romance between Markéta and Mikoláš, who rapes her but later protects and loves her, represents a meeting of purity and innocence with worldly violence. The film highlights Mikoláš's ferocity and unrestrainment.<ref name="Marketa jediná zvítězí!">{{cite web|title=Marketa jediná zvítězí!|url=https://www.advojka.cz/archiv/2010/6/marketa-jedina-zvitezi|website=A2.cz|accessdate=27 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="Filmové obrazy středověku - Castrum o.p.s.">{{cite web|title=Filmové obrazy středověku|publisher=Castrum o.p.s.|url=http://www.castrum.cz/film-a-dejiny/clanky/petr-kopal/filmove-obrazy-stredoveku/|website=Castrum.cz|accessdate=27 August 2017|language=cs}}</ref> This interplays with the romance between Mikoláš's sister Alexandra and Kristián, in which the roles are reversed. Kristián's love for Alexandra contradicts Mikoláš's love for Marketa; he is uncertain in it due to his loyalty to his father.


Royal scenes that were cut from the film were supposed to show contradictions between the Kozlík clan and the royal family. Their difference was to be shown in a struggle for property and power. Desire for the crown leads to hatred between brothers and of sons towards their father, common in big royal families but not in small families. The film also shows conflict between Mikoláš and Adam. Neither is the oldest son but they are both likely candidates to replace Kozlík as clan leader.<ref name="Filmové obrazy středověku - Castrum o.p.s."/>
Royal scenes that were cut from the film were supposed to show contradictions between the Kozlík clan and the royal family. Their difference was to be shown in a struggle for property and power. Desire for the crown leads to hatred between brothers and of sons towards their father, common in big royal families but not in small families. The film also shows conflict between Mikoláš and Adam. Neither is the oldest son but they are both likely candidates to replace Kozlík as clan leader.<ref name="Filmové obrazy středověku - Castrum o.p.s."/>
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==Production==
==Production==
[[File:Hrad Rabí s hradním kostelem Nejsvětější Trojice, část stojící, část zřícenina a archeologické stopy (Rabí) (3).jpg|250px|thumb|right|[[Rabí Castle]] represented Medieval Boleslav.<ref name="Hrad Rabí">{{cite web|title=Hrad Rabí|url=http://www.zemefilmu.cz/cz/filmova-mista/10104-hrad-rabi/|website=Země filmů|accessdate=1 October 2017|language=cs}}</ref>]]
[[File:Hrad Rabí s hradním kostelem Nejsvětější Trojice, část stojící, část zřícenina a archeologické stopy (Rabí) (3).jpg|250px|thumb|right|[[Rabí Castle]] represented Medieval Boleslav.<ref name="Hrad Rabí">{{cite web|title=Hrad Rabí|url=http://www.zemefilmu.cz/cz/filmova-mista/10104-hrad-rabi/|website=Země filmů|accessdate=1 October 2017|language=cs}}</ref>]]
Before production started, [[František Vláčil]] and [[František Pavlíček]] had to transfer the novel into screenplay. The text of the book was linguistically difficult and the transfer took a few years. The whole works on ''Marketa Lazarová'' took seven years.<ref name="Marketa Lazarová — Česká televize">{{cite web|last1=Ceska Televize;|title=Marketa Lazarová|url=http://www.ceskatelevize.cz/porady/16266-marketa-lazarova/|website=Česká televize|accessdate=8 August 2017|language=cs}}</ref>
Before production started, [[František Vláčil]] and [[František Pavlíček]] had to transfer the novel into screenplay. The text of the book was linguistically difficult and the transfer took a few years. The whole works on ''Marketa Lazarová'' took seven years.<ref name="Marketa Lazarová — Česká televize">{{cite web|title=Marketa Lazarová|url=http://www.ceskatelevize.cz/porady/16266-marketa-lazarova/|website=Česká televize|accessdate=8 August 2017|language=cs}}</ref>


Production itself took three years. The shooting started in 1964 and concluded in 1966. It took 548 days. The film was shot at multiple places in the current Czech Republic such as [[Lánská obora]], [[Mrtvý luh]] and [[Klokočín Castle]]. Shooting took place during extreme conditions of tough winter.<ref name="Drsná Šumava vykouzlila na plátně syrovou atmosféru filmové epopeje">{{cite web|title=Drsná Šumava vykouzlila na plátně syrovou atmosféru filmové epopeje|url=http://ceskobudejovicky.denik.cz/z-regionu/drsna-sumava-vykouzlila-na-platne-syrovou-atmosferu-filmove-epopeje-20150822.html|website=Českobudějovický deník|accessdate=8 August 2017|language=cs|date=22 August 2015}}</ref> The intended budget was 7 million crowns but the film cost almost 13 million crowns in the end. The expensiveness of the film was one of the reasons for making ''[[The Valley of the Bees]]'' in which Vláčil used costumes and decorations intended for ''Marketa Lazarová''. The film was finished in 1967.<ref>{{cite web|title=5. ledna 2015|url=http://nostalghia.cz/webs/vlacil/index08.php|website=Nostalghia|accessdate=17 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Marketa Lazarová - Zajímavosti|url=http://www.csfd.cz/film/9342-marketa-lazarova/zajimavosti/?type=film|website=CSFD.cz|accessdate=17 August 2015}}</ref> Some parts were shot in Slovakia.<ref name="Filmová místa.cz">{{cite web|title=Markéta Lazarová|url=https://www.filmovamista.cz/1379-Marketa-Lazarova|website=www.filmovamista.cz|accessdate=6 September 2017|language=cs}}</ref>
Production itself took three years. The shooting started in 1964 and concluded in 1966. It took 548 days. The film was shot at multiple places in the current Czech Republic such as [[Lánská obora]], [[Mrtvý luh]] and [[Klokočín Castle]]. Shooting took place during extreme conditions of tough winter.<ref name="Drsná Šumava vykouzlila na plátně syrovou atmosféru filmové epopeje">{{cite news|title=Drsná Šumava vykouzlila na plátně syrovou atmosféru filmové epopeje|url=http://ceskobudejovicky.denik.cz/z-regionu/drsna-sumava-vykouzlila-na-platne-syrovou-atmosferu-filmove-epopeje-20150822.html|website=Českobudějovický deník|accessdate=8 August 2017|language=cs|date=22 August 2015|last1=Dvořák |first1=Luboš }}</ref> The intended budget was 7 million crowns but the film cost almost 13 million crowns in the end. [[List of most expensive Czech films|The expensiveness of the film]] was one of the reasons for making ''[[The Valley of the Bees]]'' in which Vláčil used costumes and decorations intended for ''Marketa Lazarová''. The film was finished in 1967.<ref>{{cite web|title=5. ledna 2015|url=http://nostalghia.cz/webs/vlacil/index08.php|website=Nostalghia|accessdate=17 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="CSFD">{{cite web|title=Marketa Lazarová - Zajímavosti|url=http://www.csfd.cz/film/9342-marketa-lazarova/zajimavosti/?type=film|website=CSFD.cz|accessdate=17 August 2015|language=cs}}</ref> Some parts were shot in Slovakia.<ref name="Filmová místa.cz">{{cite web|title=Markéta Lazarová|url=https://www.filmovamista.cz/1379-Marketa-Lazarova|website=www.filmovamista.cz|accessdate=6 September 2017|language=cs}}</ref>


===Royal Pictures===
===Royal Pictures===
Line 137: Line 88:


====Plot====
====Plot====
The first picture would show old Kristián coming to the Royal Court asking for help to save his son. Present nobels would blame the king for being passive in the matter. The second picture would be set two years prior to the events. It would show the prince being convinced to overthrow his father. The prince would then start remembering when his father returned from a hunt injured and met his sons. The prince was afraid of him. Another picture would be set in the aftermath of the film's events. Pivo brings old Kristián and Alexandra to the king. Alexandra is to be punished for murdering young Kristián but old Kristián asks to pardon her because of her pregnancy. The king orders the prince to be brought to the court. The prince was imprisoned after his attempt to overthrow the king. Pivo starts remembering events of the military campaign against Kozlík. The king unsuccessfully tries to humiliate his son; the question of pardon for Alexandra becomes a secondary matter as the conflict between king and prince becomes a conflict about conception of rule. The king leaves the decision about pardon to Alexandra to Kristián.<ref name="František Vláčil: Markéta Lazarová {{!}} V noci jsem snil, že jsem motýlem">{{cite web|title=František Vláčil: Markéta Lazarová V noci jsem snil, že jsem motýlem|url=https://www.odaha.com/tomas-odaha/recenze/film/frantisek-vlacil-marketa-lazarova|website=www.odaha.com|accessdate=8 September 2017|language=cs}}</ref>
The first picture would show old Kristián coming to the Royal Court asking for help to save his son. Present nobles would blame the king for being passive in the matter. The second picture would be set two years prior to the events. It would show the prince being convinced to overthrow his father. The prince would then start remembering when his father returned from a hunt injured and met his sons. The prince was afraid of him. Another picture would be set in the aftermath of the film's events. Pivo brings old Kristián and Alexandra to the king. Alexandra is to be punished for murdering young Kristián but old Kristián asks to pardon her because of her pregnancy. The king orders the prince to be brought to the court. The prince was imprisoned after his attempt to overthrow the king. Pivo starts remembering events of the military campaign against Kozlík. The king unsuccessfully tries to humiliate his son; the question of pardon for Alexandra becomes a secondary matter as the conflict between king and prince becomes a conflict about conception of rule. The king leaves the decision about pardon to Alexandra to Kristián.<ref name="František Vláčil: Markéta Lazarová {{!}} V noci jsem snil, že jsem motýlem">{{cite web|title=František Vláčil: Markéta Lazarová V noci jsem snil, že jsem motýlem|url=https://www.odaha.com/tomas-odaha/recenze/film/frantisek-vlacil-marketa-lazarova|website=Odaha.com|accessdate=8 September 2017|language=cs}}</ref>


==Soundtrack==
==Soundtrack==
The music for ''Marketa Lazarová'' was composed by [[Zdeněk Liška]]. It is based on medieval composition. There are motifs of [[Gregorian chant]]. The music emphasizes the conflict between the Christian and the Pagan world.<ref name="Hudba z filmu Marketa Lazarová zazní poprvé v koncertním provedení">{{cite web|title=Hudba z filmu Marketa Lazarová zazní poprvé v koncertním provedení|url=https://www.irozhlas.cz/kultura_hudba/hudba-z-filmu-marketa-lazarova-zazni-poprve-v-koncertnim-provedeni_201510090441_kwinklerova|website=iROZHLAS|date=9 October 2015 |accessdate=8 August 2017|language=cs}}</ref>
[[File:Marketa Lazarová Soundtrack.jpg|thumb|right|Cover art for the soundtrack.]]
The soundtrack was released in 1996 as part of edition by publishers Zóna and Bonton Music.
The music for ''Marketa Lazarová'' was composed by [[Zdeněk Liška]]. It is based on medieval composition. There are motives of [[Gregorian chant]]. The music emphasizes the conflict between the Christian and the Pagan world.<ref name="Hudba z filmu Marketa Lazarová zazní poprvé v koncertním provedení">{{cite web|title=Hudba z filmu Marketa Lazarová zazní poprvé v koncertním provedení|url=https://www.irozhlas.cz/kultura_hudba/hudba-z-filmu-marketa-lazarova-zazni-poprve-v-koncertnim-provedeni_201510090441_kwinklerova|website=iROZHLAS|accessdate=8 August 2017|language=cs}}</ref>


In 2015, Petr Ostrouch was permitted by Liška's descendants to make a concert of music from ''Marketa Lazarová''.<ref name="Liškovi dědici svolili k prvnímu koncertnímu uvedení hudby z Markety Lazarové">{{cite web|last1=Černíček|first1=Jan|title=Liškovi dědici svolili k prvnímu koncertnímu uvedení hudby z Markety Lazarové|url=https://archiv.ihned.cz/c1-64618580-struny-podzimu-marketa-lazarova-zdenek-liska|website=Hospodářské noviny|accessdate=8 August 2017|language=cs|date=18 September 2015}}</ref> It was held on 9 October 2015 at Karlín. It was part of the musical festival Struny podzimu and a recording was released as a double album in 2018.<ref name="Struny podzimu uvedou koncert hudby z filmu Marketa Lazarová">{{cite news |website=tyden.cz |title= Struny podzimu uvedou koncert hudby z filmu Marketa Lazarová |url= http://www.tyden.cz/rubriky/kultura/hudba/struny-podzimu-uvedou-koncert-hudby-z-filmu-marketa-lazarova_355823.html |accessdate= 8 August 2017 |date= 15 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="Marketa Lazarová jako oratorium">{{cite web|last1=Dobrovská|first1=Wanda|title=Marketa Lazarová jako oratorium|date=12 October 2015 |url=http://www.casopisharmonie.cz/kritiky/marketa-lazarova-jako-oratorium.html|accessdate=8 August 2017|language=cs}}</ref>
The soundtrack was released in 1996 as part of edition by publishers ZÓNA and BONTON Music. The soundtrack was preserved only in a film strip so it had to be taken of the strip and reconstructed. It was divided into 17 relatively independent compositions. Dialogues couldn't be removed from the compositions. The names of compositions are mostly based on chapters of the film.<ref name="Nostalghia.cz - Marketa Lazarová">{{cite web|title=Nostalghia.cz - Marketa Lazarová|url=http://www.nostalghia.cz/webs/marketa/clanky/cd_zona.php|website=www.nostalghia.cz|accessdate=8 September 2017}}</ref>

In 2015, Petr Ostrouch was permitted by Liška's descendants to make a concert of music from ''Marketa Lazarová''.<ref name="Liškovi dědici svolili k prvnímu koncertnímu uvedení hudby z Markety Lazarové">{{cite web|last1=Černíček|first1=Jan|title=Liškovi dědici svolili k prvnímu koncertnímu uvedení hudby z Markety Lazarové|url=https://archiv.ihned.cz/c1-64618580-struny-podzimu-marketa-lazarova-zdenek-liska|website=Hospodářské noviny|accessdate=8 August 2017|language=cs-CZ|date=18 September 2015}}</ref> It was held on 9 October 2015 at Karlín. It was part of the musical festival Struny podzimu (Strings of Autumn).<ref name="Struny podzimu uvedou koncert hudby z filmu Marketa Lazarová">{{cite web |last= TYDEN, www.tyden.cz |title= Struny podzimu uvedou koncert hudby z filmu Marketa Lazarová |url= http://www.tyden.cz/rubriky/kultura/hudba/struny-podzimu-uvedou-koncert-hudby-z-filmu-marketa-lazarova_355823.html |website= TÝDEN.cz |accessdate= 8 August 2017 |date= 15 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="Marketa Lazarová jako oratorium">{{cite web|last1=Dobrovská|first1=Wanda|title=Marketa Lazarová jako oratorium|url=http://www.casopisharmonie.cz/kritiky/marketa-lazarova-jako-oratorium.html|accessdate=8 August 2017|language=cs-cz}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Num !! Original Name !! English Name !! Lengh
|-
! 1.
| Prolog || Prolog || 3:22
|-
! 2.
| Říšská Cesta || Imperial Way || 3:03
|-
! 3.
| Pan Lazar || Mr. Lazar || 4:36
|-
! 4.
| Na Roháčku || At Roháček || 3:55
|-
! 5.
| Rajská Sonáta || The Sonata of Paradise || 3:37
|-
! 6.
| Kozlík || Kozlík || 3:13
|-
! 7.
| Dcera Lazarova || Lazar's Daughter || 6:35
|-
! 8.
| Hejtman Pivo || Captain pivo || 3:13
|-
! 9.
| V Klášteře || In the Monastery || 3:07
|-
! 10.
| Únos || Abduction || 4:24
|-
! 11.
| Straba || Straba || 6:22
|-
! 12.
| Pod Šancí || Under Šance || 2:38
|-
! 13.
| Dubový Háj || Oak Grove || 7:15
|-
! 14.
| Návrat Na Obořiště || Return to Obořiště || 3:19
|-
! 15.
| Boží Milost || God's Grace || 8:05
|-
! 16.
| Marketina Svatba || Marketa's Marriage || 3:32
|-
! 17.
| Epilog || Epilog || 2:40
|-
| colspan="4"|Source:<ref name="Zdeněk Liška - Marketa Lazarová Soundtrack">{{cite web|title=Zdeněk Liška - Marketa Lazarová Soundtrack|url=https://www.discogs.com/Zden%C4%9Bk-Li%C5%A1ka-Marketa-Lazarov%C3%A1-Soundtrack/release/3878975|website=Discogs|accessdate=8 September 2017|language=en}}</ref>
|}


==Differences between the film and novel==
==Differences between the film and novel==
[[File:Vladislav Vancura.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Vladislav Vančura]]
[[File:Vladislav_Vancura_1923.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Vladislav Vančura]]
The film is based on [[Vladislav Vančura|Vladislav Vančura's]] novel of the same name.<ref name="MARKÉTA LAZAROVÁ, MISTROVSKÁ VANČUROVA KNIHA A VLÁČILŮV NEJLEPŠÍ FILM">{{cite web|last1=Herman|first1=Mik|title=Markéta Lazarová, mistrovská Vančurova kniha a Vláčilův nejlepší film|url=https://www.citarny.cz/index.php/nove-knihy/knihy-dospeli/beletrie-ceska/marketa-lazarova-kniha-film-vlacil|website=Čítárny – Příběhy, knihy, lidé|accessdate=6 September 2017|language=cs-cz}}</ref> The film isn't a faithful adaptation and there are many differences. <ref name="Filmový přehled"/> The film includes some elements from ''Obrazy z dějin národa českého'' that weren't present in the ''Marketa Lazarová'' novel. The character of Monk Bernard and the unrealised Royal Pictures originate from ''Obrazy z dějin národa českého''.<ref name="Nostalghia.cz Vančura">{{cite web|title=Nostalghia.cz - Marketa Lazarová|url=http://nostalghia.cz/webs/marketa/predlohy.php|website=nostalghia.cz|accessdate=6 September 2017}}</ref>
The film is based on [[Vladislav Vančura|Vladislav Vančura's]] novel of the same name.<ref name="MARKÉTA LAZAROVÁ, MISTROVSKÁ VANČUROVA KNIHA A VLÁČILŮV NEJLEPŠÍ FILM">{{cite web|last1=Herman|first1=Mik|title=Markéta Lazarová, mistrovská Vančurova kniha a Vláčilův nejlepší film|url=https://www.citarny.cz/index.php/nove-knihy/knihy-dospeli/beletrie-ceska/marketa-lazarova-kniha-film-vlacil|website=Čítárny|accessdate=6 September 2017|language=cs}}</ref> The film isn't a faithful adaptation and there are many differences.<ref name="Filmový přehled"/> The film includes some elements from ''Obrazy z dějin národa českého'' that weren't present in the ''Marketa Lazarová'' novel. The character of Monk Bernard and the unrealised Royal Pictures originate from ''Obrazy z dějin národa českého''.<ref name="Nostalghia.cz Vančura">{{cite web|title=Nostalghia.cz - Marketa Lazarová|url=http://nostalghia.cz/webs/marketa/predlohy.php|website=nostalghia.cz|accessdate=6 September 2017}}</ref>


The novel wasn't a historically accurate capture of the age of setting. The film tries to be more historically accurate wanted to capture the world of 13th century. It was visible in the Royal Pictures that was to be set at the Royal Court of [[Wenceslaus I of Bohemia]].<ref name="Přes Vláčilův film až ke knize - Markéta Lazarová {{!}} KOSMAS.cz - vaše internetové knihkupectví">{{cite web|title=Přes Vláčilův film až ke knize - Markéta Lazarová {{!}} KOSMAS.cz|url=https://www.kosmas.cz/oko/video/12963/pres-vlaciluv-film-az-ke-knize-marketa-lazarova/|website=www.kosmas.cz|accessdate=7 September 2017|language=cs}}</ref>
The novel wasn't a historically accurate capture of the age of setting. The film tries to be more historically accurate wanted to capture the world of 13th century. It was visible in the Royal Pictures that was to be set at the Royal Court of [[Wenceslaus I of Bohemia]].<ref name="Přes Vláčilův film až ke knize - Markéta Lazarová {{!}} KOSMAS.cz - vaše internetové knihkupectví">{{cite web|title=Přes Vláčilův film až ke knize - Markéta Lazarová|url=https://www.kosmas.cz/oko/video/12963/pres-vlaciluv-film-az-ke-knize-marketa-lazarova/|website=Kosmas.cz|accessdate=7 September 2017|language=cs}}</ref>


Another major difference is that Alexandra's fate is left unresolved in the film. This was caused by the removal of the Royal Pictures that would include her trial at the royal court and suicide.<ref name="Nostalghia.cz Vančura"/>
Another major difference is that Alexandra's fate is left unresolved in the film. This was caused by the removal of the Royal Pictures that would include her trial at the royal court and suicide.<ref name="Nostalghia.cz Vančura"/>


==Release==
==Release==
The film premiered on 24 November 1967. The film was watched by 1.3 million people in theaters.<ref name="lidovky.cz">{{cite web|title=Restaurovaná Marketa Lazarová vyšla na DVD|url=http://www.lidovky.cz/restaurovana-marketa-lazarova-vysla-na-dvd-fk4-/kultura.aspx?c=A111208_140808_ln_kultura_btt|website=Lidovky.cz|accessdate=17 August 2015}}</ref>
The film premiered on 24 November 1967 and was watched by 1.3 million people in theaters. However, it became inaccessible for a long period of time after it left Cinemas.<ref name="lidovky.cz">{{cite web|title=Restaurovaná Marketa Lazarová vyšla na DVD|url=http://www.lidovky.cz/restaurovana-marketa-lazarova-vysla-na-dvd-fk4-/kultura.aspx?c=A111208_140808_ln_kultura_btt|website=Lidovky.cz| date=8 December 2011 |accessdate=17 August 2015|language=cs}}</ref>
When the film was screened at San Francisco Film Festival in 1968 the critics wrote "This is one of the most artistic and convincing medieval epics ever made, plunging us into the past with a relentless assault upon the visual senses with both dazzling and horrifying effects."


On 30 August 1974, ''Marketa Lazarová'' premiered in the United States. It was shortened to 100 minutes for the American market. Reviews for this version were mixed.<ref name="Prague’s Savage Spring">{{cite web|last1=Hoberman|first1=J.|title=Prague’s Savage Spring|url=http://www.nybooks.com/daily/2013/07/03/marketa-lazarova-savage-spring/|website=The New York Review of Books|accessdate=16 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="Movie Review - - Screen: 'Marketa Lazarova' Opens:Czech Production Is a Medieval Hodgepodge The Cast Savage Koslik Clan Is Noted for Brutality - NYTimes.com">{{cite web|title=Movie Review - - Screen: 'Marketa Lazarova' Opens:Czech Production Is a Medieval Hodgepodge The Cast Savage Koslik Clan Is Noted for Brutality - NYTimes.com|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9C05EFD81E3CEF34BC4850DFBE66838F669EDE|website=www.nytimes.com|accessdate=16 July 2017|language=en}}</ref>
On 30 August 1974, ''Marketa Lazarová'' premiered in the United States. It was shortened to 100 minutes for the American market. Reviews for this version were mixed.<ref name="Prague's Savage Spring">{{cite web|last1=Hoberman|first1=J.|title=Prague's Savage Spring|url=http://www.nybooks.com/daily/2013/07/03/marketa-lazarova-savage-spring/|website=The New York Review of Books|date=3 July 2013 |accessdate=16 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="Movie Review - - Screen: 'Marketa Lazarova' Opens:Czech Production Is a Medieval Hodgepodge The Cast Savage Koslik Clan Is Noted for Brutality - NYTimes.com">{{cite web|title=Movie Review - - Screen: 'Marketa Lazarova' Opens:Czech Production Is a Medieval Hodgepodge The Cast Savage Koslik Clan Is Noted for Brutality|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9C05EFD81E3CEF34BC4850DFBE66838F669EDE|website=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=16 July 2017}}</ref> The film's reputation was restored after the original version was made available in the United States in 2011.<ref name="Turner Classic Movies">{{cite web|last1=Miller|first1=Frank|title=Marketa Lazarová|url=http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article.html?isPreview=&id=1365469%7C1365473&name=Marketa-Lazarova|website=Turner Classic Movies|accessdate=9 May 2018}}</ref>


The digitized version of ''Marketa Lazarová'' premiered at 2011 [[Karlovy Vary International Film Festival]]. The film was then distributed in cinemas since 13 October 2011.<ref name="Fanoušci Vláčila se dočkali, Marketa Lazarová je konečně v kinech">{{cite web|title=Fanoušci Vláčila se dočkali, Marketa Lazarová je konečně v kinech|url=http://kultura.zpravy.idnes.cz/fanousci-vlacila-se-dockali-marketa-lazarova-je-konecne-v-kinech-pwz-/filmvideo.aspx?c=A111013_084736_filmvideo_tt|website=iDNES.cz|accessdate=8 August 2017|date=13 October 2011}}</ref>
The restored version returned to Czech cinemas on 13 October 2011.<ref name="Fanoušci Vláčila se dočkali, Marketa Lazarová je konečně v kinech">{{cite web|title=Fanoušci Vláčila se dočkali, Marketa Lazarová je konečně v kinech|url=http://kultura.zpravy.idnes.cz/fanousci-vlacila-se-dockali-marketa-lazarova-je-konecne-v-kinech-pwz-/filmvideo.aspx?c=A111013_084736_filmvideo_tt|website=iDNES.cz|accessdate=8 August 2017|date=13 October 2011|language=cs}}</ref> The premiere was presented by [[Magdaléna Vášáryová]]. Vašáryová stated that she was moved by the number of young people who expressed interest in the film.<ref name="Digitálně opravenou Marketu Lazarovou uvedla Magda Vašáryová">{{cite web|title=Digitálně opravenou Marketu Lazarovou uvedla Magda Vašáryová|url=https://www.irozhlas.cz/kultura_film/digitalne-opravenou-marketu-lazarovou-uvedla-magda-vasaryova_201107021609_kkrenova|website=iROZHLAS|date=2 July 2011 |accessdate=9 May 2018|language=cs}}</ref>


===Video release===
===Video release===
The film was released on [[DVD]] and [[Blu-ray]] by the [[Criterion Collection]] in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mad about ‘Marketa’: A few words about the Czech classic|url=http://www.thesamecinemaeverynight.net/mad-about-marketa-a-few-words-about-the-czech-classic/|website=The Same Cinema Every Night|accessdate=7 March 2017|date=19 June 2013}}</ref>
In 2009, Bontonfilm announced it will release ''Marketa Lazarová'' for [[DVD]] and [[Blu-ray]]. Bontonfilm didn't have enough finances for restoration and thus cancelled the plan. The situation changed in 2011, when the film was digitally restored by UPP. Restoration cost 2 million Czech crowns. It was financed by the [[Ministry of Culture (Czech Republic)|Czech Ministry of Culture]] and [[Karlovy Vary International Film Festival]]. The digitalized version of the film premiered on 2 July 2011 at Karlovy Vary film festival.<ref name="Marketa Lazarová jako nová">{{cite web|title=Marketa Lazarová jako nová|url=http://www.ceskatelevize.cz/ct24/kultura/1254379-marketa-lazarova-jako-nova|website=ČT24|accessdate=8 August 2017|language=cs}}</ref> The film was released in the Czech Republic on DVD on 8 December 2011.<ref name="Restaurovaná Marketa Lazarová vyšla na DVD Kultura"/> The film was released worldwide on [[DVD]] and [[Blu-ray]] by the [[Criterion Collection]] in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mad about 'Marketa': A few words about the Czech classic|url=http://www.thesamecinemaeverynight.net/mad-about-marketa-a-few-words-about-the-czech-classic/|website=The Same Cinema Every Night|accessdate=7 March 2017|date=19 June 2013}}</ref>


==Reception==
==Reception==
===Critical reception===
===Critical reception===
The film has received universal acclaim from critics. It has a 91% approval rating on [[Rotten Tomatoes]] based on 11 reviews.<ref name="Rotten Tomatoes">{{cite web|title=Marketa Lazarová|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/marketa-lazarova|website=Rotten Tomatoes|accessdate=29 August 2017|language=en}}</ref> In 1968, the magazine ''Film a doba'' held a survey of film critics to choose the best Czechoslovak film of 1967. ''Marketa Lazarová'' won the survey and received 344 votes, beating films such as ''[[Firemens Ball]]'' and ''[[Daisies (film)|Daisies]]''. It also received more votes than any film from foreign films category.<ref name="Nejlepší filmy 1967">{{cite journal|title=Nejlepší filmy 1967|journal=Film a doba|date=1968|pages=64 - 65|url=http://www.nostalghia.cz/webs/vlacil/texty/sken/fad1968_2_65.jpg|accessdate=6 October 2017}}</ref> During [[Karlovy Vary International Film Festival]] in 1994 ''Marketa Lazarová'' was voted the best Czech film ever made.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Novotny|first1=Michal|title=Festivalové ozvěny: 20. týden - filmserver.cz|url=http://filmserver.cz/clanek/1637/festivalove-ozveny-20-tyden/|website=filmserver.cz|accessdate=7 March 2017}}</ref> The film was also voted the greatest Czech film of all time in a national critics' poll.<ref>[http://www.kfilmu.net/filmy.php?sekce=informace&film=marketa-lazarova Marketa Lazarová] on kfilmu.net (in Czech)</ref> ''Marketa Lazarová'' also won several awards. It was awarded at [[Mar del Plata International Film Festival]] and [[Edinburgh International Film Festival]].<ref name="Restaurovaná Marketa Lazarová vyšla na DVD Kultura">{{cite web|title=Restaurovaná Marketa Lazarová vyšla na DVD|url=http://www.lidovky.cz/restaurovana-marketa-lazarova-vysla-na-dvd-fk4-/kultura.aspx?c=A111208_140808_ln_kultura_btt|website=Lidovky.cz|accessdate=8 August 2017|date=8 December 2011}}</ref>
The film has received universal acclaim from critics. On review aggregation website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film has a rating of 100% based on 12 reviews, with an average rating of 9.40/10.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/marketa-lazarova | title=Marketa Lazarová - Rotten Tomatoes | website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] }}</ref> In 1968, the magazine ''Film a doba'' held a survey of film critics to choose the best Czechoslovak film of 1967. ''Marketa Lazarová'' won the survey and received 344 votes, beating films such as ''[[The Firemen's Ball]]'' and ''[[Daisies (film)|Daisies]]''. It also received more votes than any film from foreign films category.<ref name="Nejlepší filmy 1967">{{cite journal|title=Nejlepší filmy 1967|journal=Film a Doba|date=1968|pages=64–65|url=http://www.nostalghia.cz/webs/vlacil/texty/sken/fad1968_2_65.jpg|accessdate=6 October 2017}}</ref> During [[Karlovy Vary International Film Festival]] in 1994 ''Marketa Lazarová'' was voted the best Czech film ever made.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Novotny|first1=Michal|title=Festivalové ozvěny: 20. týden - filmserver.cz|url=http://filmserver.cz/clanek/1637/festivalove-ozveny-20-tyden/|website=filmserver.cz|accessdate=7 March 2017|language=cs}}</ref> The film was also voted the greatest Czech film of all time in a national critics' poll.<ref>[http://www.kfilmu.net/filmy.php?sekce=informace&film=marketa-lazarova Marketa Lazarová] on kfilmu.net (in Czech)</ref> ''Marketa Lazarová'' also won several awards. It was awarded at [[Mar del Plata International Film Festival]] and [[Edinburgh International Film Festival]].<ref name="Restaurovaná Marketa Lazarová vyšla na DVD Kultura">{{cite web|title=Restaurovaná Marketa Lazarová vyšla na DVD|url=http://www.lidovky.cz/restaurovana-marketa-lazarova-vysla-na-dvd-fk4-/kultura.aspx?c=A111208_140808_ln_kultura_btt|website=Lidovky.cz|accessdate=8 August 2017|date=8 December 2011}}</ref>


===Public reception===
===Public reception===
The film was also successful with audiences. It was attended by more than 1 million people in Czechoslovak cinemas.<ref name="lidovky.cz"/> ''Marketa Lazarová'' was voted best Czech film of 1965-1967 period with 28% of votes in a survey by Týden.cz.<ref name="ANKETA: Suverénním vítězem je Marketa Lazarová">{{cite web|title=ANKETA: Suverénním vítězem je Marketa Lazarová|url=https://www.tyden.cz/rubriky/kultura/film/anketa-ceske-filmy/anketa-suverennim-vitezem-je-marketa-lazarova_170816.html|website=TÝDEN.cz|accessdate=7 May 2018|language=cs|date=31 May 2010}}</ref> The film also placed 5th in a Public survey by Media Desk.<ref name="Zachraňte Kristiana - digitalizace tématem nejen karlovarských OVM">{{cite web|title=Zachraňte Kristiana - digitalizace tématem nejen karlovarských OVM|url=http://www.ceskatelevize.cz/ct24/kultura/1331656-zachrante-kristiana-digitalizace-tematem-nejen-karlovarskych-ovm|website=ČT24|accessdate=7 May 2018|language=cs}}</ref><ref name="Poll: best Czech film of all time is 1939 “Kristián”">{{cite web|title=Poll: best Czech film of all time is 1939 "Kristián"|url=http://www.radio.cz/en/section/news/poll-best-czech-film-of-all-time-is-1939-kristian|website=Radio.cz|date=3 July 2010 |accessdate=7 May 2018}}</ref>
The film was also successful in audiences. It was attended by more than 1 million people in Czechoslovak cinemas.<ref name="lidovky.cz"/>


===Accolades===
===Accolades===
Line 248: Line 140:
|-
|-
| rowspan="7"| 1967
| rowspan="7"| 1967
| rowspan="2"| Trilobit Award
| rowspan="2"| [[Trilobit Award]]
| Best Director
| Best Director
| [[František Vláčil]]
| [[František Vláčil]]
| {{won}}
| {{won}}
| rowspan="2"| <ref name="FDb">{{cite web|last1=2003-2017|first1=Filmová databáze s.r.o. (FDb.cz),|title=Marketa Lazarová (1967)|url=https://www.fdb.cz/film/marketa-lazarova/ceny/12053|website=FDb.cz|accessdate=10 August 2017|language=cs}}</ref>
| rowspan="2"| <ref name="FDb">{{cite web|title=Marketa Lazarová (1967)|url=https://www.fdb.cz/film/marketa-lazarova/ceny/12053|website=FDb.cz|accessdate=10 August 2017|language=cs}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Design Production
| Design Production
Line 287: Line 179:
| [[František Vláčil]]
| [[František Vláčil]]
| {{nominated}}
| {{nominated}}
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Marketa Lazarová|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0063278/awards|website=IMDB|accessdate=21 August 2017}}</ref>
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Marketa Lazarová|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0063278/awards|website=IMDB|accessdate=21 August 2017}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Little Condor for artistic and historical values
| Little Condor for artistic and historical values
| [[František Vláčil]]
| [[František Vláčil]]
| {{won}}
| {{won}}
|
| <ref name="Festival Internacional de cine (Mar del plata 1968) - EcuRed">{{cite web|title=Festival Internacional de cine (Mar del plata 1968)|url=https://www.ecured.cu/Festival_Internacional_de_cine_(Mar_del_plata_1968)|website=www.ecured.cu|accessdate=10 August 2017|language=es}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Minister of Culture Award
| Minister of Culture Award
Line 304: Line 196:
| František Vláčil, František Pavlíček
| František Vláčil, František Pavlíček
| {{won}}
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{cite web|title=František Pavlíček|url=http://nfa.cz/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Pavl%C3%AD%C4%8Dek-Franti%C5%A1ek1.pdf|website=National Film Archive|accessdate=17 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=František Vláčil|url=http://nfa.cz/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Vl%C3%A1%C4%8Dil-Franti%C5%A1ek.pdf|website=National Film Archive|accessdate=17 August 2017}}</ref>
| <ref>{{cite web|title=František Pavlíček|url=http://nfa.cz/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Pavl%C3%AD%C4%8Dek-Franti%C5%A1ek1.pdf|website=National Film Archive|accessdate=17 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=František Vláčil|url=http://nfa.cz/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Vl%C3%A1%C4%8Dil-Franti%C5%A1ek.pdf|website=National Film Archive|accessdate=17 August 2017|language=cs}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Financial award for evaluation of Barandov Studio
| Financial award for evaluation of Barandov Studio
Line 325: Line 217:
|-
|-
| 1992
| 1992
| [[Karlovy Vary International Film Festival]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Karlovy Vary International Film Festival]]
| [[Crystal Globe]]
| [[Crystal Globe (Karlovy Vary International Film Festival)|Crystal Globe]]
| [[František Vláčil]]
| [[František Vláčil]]
| {{nominated}}
| {{nominated}}
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Mezinárodní Filmový Festival Karlovy Vary 1992|url=http://www.nafilmy.com/oceneni/mezinarodni-filmovy-festival-karlovy-vary/1992|website=www.nafilmy.com|accessdate=17 August 2017|language=cs}}</ref>
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Mezinárodní Filmový Festival Karlovy Vary 1992|url=http://www.nafilmy.com/oceneni/mezinarodni-filmovy-festival-karlovy-vary/1992|website=Nafilmy.com|accessdate=17 August 2017|language=cs}}</ref>
|-
| 1994
| Film critics poll of Best Czech film ever made
|
| {{won}}
| <ref name="Restored Print of Marketa Lazarová">{{cite web|title=Restored Print of Marketa Lazarová|url=http://www.aic.sk/aic/en/news/sk-in-karlovy-vary/2011/restored-print-of-marketa-lazarova.html|website=Aic.sk|accessdate=9 May 2018}}</ref>
|-
|-
| 1998
| 1998
Line 340: Line 238:


==Legacy==
==Legacy==
''Marketa Lazarová'' is widely considered the best Czech film ever made and the best film directed by František Vláčil. It is also considered one of the best historical films of all time.<ref name="Hrad na čas ovládl nejlepší český filmař">{{cite web|title=Hrad na čas ovládl nejlepší český filmař|url=https://magazin.aktualne.cz/kultura/umeni/hrad-na-cas-ovladl-nejlepsi-cesky-filmar/r~i:article:521207/|website=Aktuálně.cz - Víte, co se právě děje|accessdate=30 September 2017|language=cs-CZ|date=15 February 2008}}</ref> The film was already critically acclaimed in 1967 and received many positive reviews and won a survey for the best film. Vláčil himself wasn't satisfied with the film and stated that he expected more. The reason for his dissatisfaction was the failure to realise Royal Pictures as he believed that it was a pivotal part of the film.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nostalghia.cz - Marketa Lazarová|url=http://nostalghia.cz/webs/marketa/clanky/vlacil1968.php|website=nostalghia.cz|accessdate=30 September 2017}}</ref>
''Marketa Lazarová'' is widely considered the best Czech film ever made and the best film directed by František Vláčil. It is also considered one of the best historical films of all time.<ref name="Hrad na čas ovládl nejlepší český filmař">{{cite web|title=Hrad na čas ovládl nejlepší český filmař|url=https://magazin.aktualne.cz/kultura/umeni/hrad-na-cas-ovladl-nejlepsi-cesky-filmar/r~i:article:521207/|website=Aktuálně.cz|accessdate=30 September 2017|language=cs|date=15 February 2008}}</ref> The film was already critically acclaimed in 1967 and received many positive reviews and won a survey for the best film. Vláčil himself wasn't satisfied with the film and stated that he expected more. The reason for his dissatisfaction was the failure to realise Royal Pictures as he believed that it was a pivotal part of the film.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nostalghia.cz - Marketa Lazarová|url=http://nostalghia.cz/webs/marketa/clanky/vlacil1968.php|website=nostalghia.cz|accessdate=30 September 2017|language=cs}}</ref>

There was a survey of journalists during the 1994 [[Karlovy Vary International Film Festival]] to choose the best Czech film ever made. ''Marketa Lazarová'' won the survey.<ref name="Marketa Lazarová — Česká televize"/> Another poll was held in 1998. 55 Czech and Slovak film critics and publicists voted ''Marketa Lazarová'' the Best Czech-Slovak film of all time.<ref name="TOP 10"/> ''Marketa Lazarová'' also topped a 2007 survey of ''[[Reflex (magazine)|Reflex]]'' magazine publicists.<ref name="10 nejlepších českých filmů podle čtenářů Reflexu. Nejraději máte Pelíšky! - Reflex.cz">{{cite web|title=10 nejlepších českých filmů podle čtenářů Reflexu. Nejraději máte Pelíšky!|url=http://www.reflex.cz/clanek/kultura-archiv/43009/10-nejlepsich-ceskych-filmu-podle-ctenaru-reflexu-nejradeji-mate-pelisky.html|website=Reflex.cz|date=24 August 2011 |accessdate=30 September 2017|language=cs}}</ref> [[Týden|Týden.cz]] held surveys to choose the best Czech film of every epoch. ''Marketa Lazarová'' was voted the best Czech film of the 1965-1967 period.<ref name="ANKETA: Suverénním vítězem je Marketa Lazarová"/>


There was a survey of journalist during the 1994 [[Karlovy Vary International Film Festival]] to choose the best Czech film ever made. ''Marketa Lazarová'' won the survey.<ref name="Marketa Lazarová — Česká televize"/> Another poll was held in 1998. 55 Czech and Slovak film critics and publicists voted ''Marketa Lazarová'' the Best Czech-Slovak film of all time.<ref name="TOP 10"/> ''Marketa Lazarová'' also topped a 2007 survey of ''[[Reflex (magazine)|Reflex]]'' magazine publicists.<ref name="10 nejlepších českých filmů podle čtenářů Reflexu. Nejraději máte Pelíšky! - Reflex.cz">{{cite web|title=10 nejlepších českých filmů podle čtenářů Reflexu. Nejraději máte Pelíšky!|url=http://www.reflex.cz/clanek/kultura-archiv/43009/10-nejlepsich-ceskych-filmu-podle-ctenaru-reflexu-nejradeji-mate-pelisky.html|website=Reflex.cz|accessdate=30 September 2017|language=cs}}</ref> [[Týden|Týden.cz]] held surveys to choose the best Czech film of every epoch. ''Marketa Lazarová'' was voted the best Czech film of the 1965-1967 period.<ref name="ANKETA: Suverénním vítězem je Marketa Lazarová">{{cite web|title=ANKETA: Suverénním vítězem je Marketa Lazarová|url=https://www.tyden.cz/rubriky/kultura/film/anketa-ceske-filmy/anketa-suverennim-vitezem-je-marketa-lazarova_170816.html|website=TÝDEN.cz|accessdate=30 September 2017|date=31 May 2010}}</ref>
Casablanca Publisher released the book ''Marketa Lazarová: Studies and Documents'' in 2009. It is a study of the film edited by Petr Gajdošík.<ref name="Markéta Lazarová. Studie a dokumenty - Petr Gajdošík (ed.)">{{cite book|title=Markéta Lazarová. Studie a dokumenty - Petr Gajdošík (ed.)|url=https://www.kosmas.cz/knihy/150356/marketa-lazarova.-studie-a-dokumenty/|website=Kosmas.cz|accessdate=9 May 2018|language=cs}}</ref> It consists of various studies, interviews and articles about the film.<ref name="Mozaiková Marketa Lazarová">{{cite web|title=Mozaiková Marketa Lazarová|url=http://25fps.cz/2010/mozaikova-marketa-lazarova/|website=25fps.cz|date=25 March 2010 |accessdate=9 May 2018|language=cs}}</ref>


=== Digitization ===
==Other adaptations==
The novel was adapted into a play in 2013. It premiered on 16 November 2013 at ABC Theatre. Dramaturgist Věra Mašková stated that the play focuses on emotions and theatrical poetry. The play was directed by Pavel Khek, and it starred [[Veronika Khek Kubařová]] as Marketa and [[Tomáš Novotný]] as Mikoláš.<ref name="VIDEO: Divadelní Markéta Lazarová láká na Vančurovu básnivost">{{cite web|title=VIDEO: Divadelní Markéta Lazarová láká na Vančurovu básnivost|url=https://kultura.zpravy.idnes.cz/premiera-marketa-lazarova-dc0-/divadlo.aspx?c=A131114_170009_divadlo_ts|website=iDNES.cz|accessdate=9 May 2018|date=15 November 2013}}</ref> Tomáš Šťástka gave the play 60% in his review for iDnes.cz. He stated that it tries to focus on wider audience and retain medieval brutality. He praised that it managed to show the lyrical side of the novel, but noted that the medieval reality of the novel is in clear contrast with a theatrical environment.<ref name="RECENZE: Divadelní Markéta Lazarová básní skvěle. Jen neví, komu patří">{{cite web|title=RECENZE: Divadelní Markéta Lazarová básní skvěle. Jen neví, komu patří|url=https://kultura.zpravy.idnes.cz/recenze-marketa-lazarova-0hp-/divadlo.aspx?c=A131120_133920_divadlo_ts|website=iDNES.cz|accessdate=9 May 2018|date=20 November 2013}}</ref>
Prague Studio UPP digitized ''Marketa Lazarová'' in 2011. Restorers removed all damage to the film but did not change anything of the film. They worked with the official version of the film but also with the negative. Restoration cost 2 million Czech crowns. It was financed by the [[Ministry of Culture (Czech Republic)|Czech Ministry of Culture]] and [[Karlovy Vary International Film Festival]]. The digitized version of the film premiered on 2 July 2011 at Karlovy Vary film festival.<ref name="Marketa Lazarová jako nová">{{cite web|last1=televize|first1=Česká|title=Marketa Lazarová jako nová|url=http://www.ceskatelevize.cz/ct24/kultura/1254379-marketa-lazarova-jako-nova|website=ČT24|accessdate=8 August 2017|language=cs}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
* [[The Devil's Trap]]
* ''[[The Devil's Trap]]''
* [[List of films considered the best]]
* [[List of films considered the best]]
* [[The Valley of the Bees]]
* [[List of Czech films considered the best]]
* [[List of films with a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes]]
* ''[[The Valley of the Bees]]''


==References==
==References==
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* {{IMDb title|0063278}}
* {{IMDb title|0063278}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|marketa-lazarova}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|marketa-lazarova}}
* {{TCMDb title|id=558852}}
* [http://old.cfn.cz/detail_film.php?12053 Marketa Lazarová] at České filmové nebe (in Czech)
* [http://old.cfn.cz/detail_film.php?12053 Marketa Lazarová] at České filmové nebe (in Czech)
* [https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/2809-cinema-of-the-wolf-the-mystery-of-marketa-lazarov ''Cinema of the Wolf: The Mystery of Marketa Lazarová''] an essay by Tom Gunning at the [[Criterion Collection]]
* {{Amg movie|101664|Marketa Lazarová}}
* [http://www.criterion.com/current/posts/2810-marketa-lazarova-vladislav-vancura-and-his-novel Criterion Collection essay] by [[Alex Zucker]]
* [http://www.criterion.com/current/posts/2809-cinema-of-the-wolf-the-mystery-of-marketa-lazarova Criterion Collection essay] by Tom Gunning


{{František Vláčil}}
{{František Vláčil}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Marketa Lazarova}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Marketa Lazarova}}
[[Category:1960s drama films]]
[[Category:1960s historical drama films]]
[[Category:1960s historical films]]
[[Category:1967 films]]
[[Category:1967 films]]
[[Category:Black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Czechoslovak black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Czech films]]
[[Category:Czech historical drama films]]
[[Category:Czech historical films]]
[[Category:1960s Czech-language films]]
[[Category:Czech-language films]]
[[Category:1960s German-language films]]
[[Category:German-language films]]
[[Category:Czechoslovak films]]
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[[Category:Films based on Czech novels]]
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[[Category:Films directed by František Vláčil]]
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[[Category:Films set in the 13th century]]
[[Category:Films set in the 13th century]]
[[Category:Films shot in Slovakia]]
[[Category:Films shot in Slovakia]]
[[Category:Incest in film]]
[[Category:Films about incest]]
[[Category:Rape in film]]
[[Category:Films about rape]]
[[Category:Religion in fiction]]
[[Category:Czech black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Czech epic films]]
[[Category:Historical epic films]]
[[Category:Czech multilingual films]]
[[Category:1960s multilingual films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Zdeněk Liška]]

Latest revision as of 20:34, 3 January 2025

Marketa Lazarová
Promotional release poster
Directed byFrantišek Vláčil
Screenplay byFrantišek Pavlíček, František Vláčil
Based onMarketa Lazarová
1931 novel
by Vladislav Vančura
Produced byJosef Ouzký
StarringMagda Vášáryová
Josef Kemr
František Velecký
Naďa Hejná
Jaroslav Moučka
Narrated byZdeněk Štěpánek
CinematographyBeda Batka
Edited byMiroslav Hájek
Music byZdeněk Liška
Production
company
Distributed byÚstřední půjčovna filmů
Release dates
  • 6 October 1967 (1967-10-06) (Czechoslovakia)
  • 30 August 1974 (1974-08-30) (United States)
Running time
165 minutes[1]
CountryCzechoslovakia
LanguagesCzech
German
Budget12,733,000 Kčs[2]
Box office5,200,000 Kčs[3][4]

Marketa Lazarová is a 1967 Czechoslovak New Wave epic period drama[5] film directed by František Vláčil. It is an adaptation of the novel Marketa Lazarová (1931) by Vladislav Vančura. Set in the middle of 13th century when Christianity was taking over native Paganism in Central Europe, the film tells the story of a daughter of a feudal lord who is kidnapped by neighbouring robber knights shortly before she is to join a convent .

Marketa Lazarová was voted the all-time best Czech movie in a 1998 poll of Czech film critics and publicists.[5] Although not quite as known as other Czechoslovakian movies is highly regarded by those who watched as one of the best historical movies ever made.

Theodor Pištěk designed the costumes for the film.

Plot

[edit]

Part 1

[edit]

During a harsh winter, two sons of Kozlík, a robber clan leader, ambush a group traveling to Mladá Boleslav. They kidnap a young nobleman, Kristian, who has been chosen to become the Bishop of Hennau, but Kristian's father, a count and ally of the Bohemian king, escapes. Mikoláš, one of the sons, finds a neighboring clan leader, Lazar, scavenging the site of the ambush. When Mikoláš makes him get down and pray, Lazar becomes transfixed by a holy vision of his virginal daughter, Marketa, as a nun, and Mikoláš spares his life. At their settlement, named Roháček, Kozlík chastises Mikoláš for bringing captives and sparing Lazar. His anger increases when the other son, Adam, reveals that the nobleman's father escaped, raising the possibility that the king's soldiers might come to Roháček. As a result, Kozlík reverses his order to kill Kristian. Meanwhile, Kozlík's daughter, Alexandra, takes a liking to Kristian, much to Adam's dismay.

Kozlík goes to the king's captain in Boleslav, saying he has come in good faith to talk, but the captain tells him it is too late and that the king has given him orders to imprison Kozlík. Kozlík stabs the captain at the prison door, manages to escape, and returns to Roháček. Anticipating an attack by the captain, the clan retreats to a remote fortification. Mikoláš visits Lazar, urging him to help Kozlík ambush the regiment. Marketa is shocked to see Mikoláš brutally beaten and driven out. A small group sent by Kozlík to avenge the beating finds the regiment already at Lazar's settlement. They kill the captain's closest knight and retreat, and the captain swears justice and revenge.

Lazar and Marketa visit the convent and make arrangements to enroll her at winter's end. Returning their settlement, they find it captured by Mikoláš and his men, who kill Lazar's mentally disabled son. As Lazar begs for his life, Mikoláš demands Marketa in exchange. He protests, but they nail him to the gate and take Marketa. At their forest stronghold, Mikoláš rapes Marketa but then protects her from Kozlík's wrath. Meanwhile, Kristian has impregnated Alexandra. Kozlík chains both couples on a nearby hill.

Part 2

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Bernard, a wandering priest, happens upon Lazar's settlement, where the captain's soldiers knock him out and steal his sheep.  After traveling away from the settlement, the soldiers are killed and robbed by Adam and an accomplice, but the captain and additional soldiers arrive and take Adam captive.  Kristian's father demands Adam be killed, but the captain forces Adam to lead them to Kozlik. In a flashback we learn that Alexandra and Adam previously engaged in incest, during which he was bitten by a venomous snake on the arm. Kozlik chopped off Adam's arm to give him a chance to survive but otherwise left the siblings' fate to the gods, telling Alexandra that if he died she would be killed. In the present, Bernard wanders to Kozlik's fortification, where he eats his own sheep for a meal, learning this only afterward. When the captain's regiment arrives at the stronghold with Adam, Kozlík allows Mikolas to join the others back inside.

In an initial rash attack, the captain is repulsed but Adam dies. He then mounts a successful second attack. Kristian sees Alexandra chased by the attackers and is torn between loyalty to his father and love for her. He stumbles away beaten while a dream-like flashback shows him explaining his love for Alexandra and their future child to his dismayed father. Kristian reaches Roháček calling out for Alexandra, finds the settlement partially burned down and abandoned with the exception for Bernard, and wanders away. Meanwhile, Alexandra, Mikoláš, and Marketa have escaped the captain, who has taken Kozlík captive to Boleslav. Alexandra finds Kristian crawling through the woods and kills him. Kristian's father eventually finds her and demands to know where his body is buried, and finally she is arrested.

Marketa returns to Lazar, who survived, but he rejects her. In a trance-like state, she travels to the nunnery and begins to take her vows just as Mikoláš attempts to free Kozlík from the Boleslav dungeon. A child finds her and takes her arm. She leaves the ceremony to find Mikoláš dying in the castle courtyard from wounds suffered in the attempt. The captain marries Mikoláš and Marketa on the spot, and Mikoláš dies immediately afterward. Kozlík and Alexandra are present for the marriage, and then he is led toward his execution and she is taken to the prison. Brother Bernard finds Marketa in the wilderness and offers to travel with her in search of a new life. In the final scene, Marketa wanders on as the narrator reveals that she and Alexandra each had a son and that Marketa breastfed both boys.

Cast

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Themes

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The film is set in medieval Bohemia at a time when Christianity had not fully replaced Paganism. Conflict between Christianity and Paganism, mirroring a conflict between the clans and central authority, is a major theme. The Kozlík clan leans toward Paganism while the royal regiment represent Christianity and authority.[9] Meanwhile, Lazar's clan is nominally Christian but politically neutral. Kozlík wants Lazar to support him in the fight but Lazar refuses and sides with the king, leading to the abduction of his daughter.[10][11]

Similarly, the romance between Markéta and Mikoláš, who rapes her but later protects and loves her, represents a meeting of purity and innocence with worldly violence. The film highlights Mikoláš's ferocity and unrestrainment.[12][13] This interplays with the romance between Mikoláš's sister Alexandra and Kristián, in which the roles are reversed. Kristián's love for Alexandra contradicts Mikoláš's love for Marketa; he is uncertain in it due to his loyalty to his father.

Royal scenes that were cut from the film were supposed to show contradictions between the Kozlík clan and the royal family. Their difference was to be shown in a struggle for property and power. Desire for the crown leads to hatred between brothers and of sons towards their father, common in big royal families but not in small families. The film also shows conflict between Mikoláš and Adam. Neither is the oldest son but they are both likely candidates to replace Kozlík as clan leader.[13]

Production

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Rabí Castle represented Medieval Boleslav.[14]

Before production started, František Vláčil and František Pavlíček had to transfer the novel into screenplay. The text of the book was linguistically difficult and the transfer took a few years. The whole works on Marketa Lazarová took seven years.[15]

Production itself took three years. The shooting started in 1964 and concluded in 1966. It took 548 days. The film was shot at multiple places in the current Czech Republic such as Lánská obora, Mrtvý luh and Klokočín Castle. Shooting took place during extreme conditions of tough winter.[16] The intended budget was 7 million crowns but the film cost almost 13 million crowns in the end. The expensiveness of the film was one of the reasons for making The Valley of the Bees in which Vláčil used costumes and decorations intended for Marketa Lazarová. The film was finished in 1967.[17][2] Some parts were shot in Slovakia.[18]

Royal Pictures

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The film was originally intended to be longer. Vláčil wanted to make scenes named "Royal Pictures". These were supposed to be set at the royal court. These would feature the Czech king Wenceslaus I of Bohemia and the conflict between him and his son Ottokar II of Bohemia. These scenes were never filmed because the budget was already too high and the film would be longer than three hours.[19]

Plot

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The first picture would show old Kristián coming to the Royal Court asking for help to save his son. Present nobles would blame the king for being passive in the matter. The second picture would be set two years prior to the events. It would show the prince being convinced to overthrow his father. The prince would then start remembering when his father returned from a hunt injured and met his sons. The prince was afraid of him. Another picture would be set in the aftermath of the film's events. Pivo brings old Kristián and Alexandra to the king. Alexandra is to be punished for murdering young Kristián but old Kristián asks to pardon her because of her pregnancy. The king orders the prince to be brought to the court. The prince was imprisoned after his attempt to overthrow the king. Pivo starts remembering events of the military campaign against Kozlík. The king unsuccessfully tries to humiliate his son; the question of pardon for Alexandra becomes a secondary matter as the conflict between king and prince becomes a conflict about conception of rule. The king leaves the decision about pardon to Alexandra to Kristián.[20]

Soundtrack

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The music for Marketa Lazarová was composed by Zdeněk Liška. It is based on medieval composition. There are motifs of Gregorian chant. The music emphasizes the conflict between the Christian and the Pagan world.[21] The soundtrack was released in 1996 as part of edition by publishers Zóna and Bonton Music.

In 2015, Petr Ostrouch was permitted by Liška's descendants to make a concert of music from Marketa Lazarová.[22] It was held on 9 October 2015 at Karlín. It was part of the musical festival Struny podzimu and a recording was released as a double album in 2018.[23][24]

Differences between the film and novel

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Vladislav Vančura

The film is based on Vladislav Vančura's novel of the same name.[25] The film isn't a faithful adaptation and there are many differences.[26] The film includes some elements from Obrazy z dějin národa českého that weren't present in the Marketa Lazarová novel. The character of Monk Bernard and the unrealised Royal Pictures originate from Obrazy z dějin národa českého.[27]

The novel wasn't a historically accurate capture of the age of setting. The film tries to be more historically accurate wanted to capture the world of 13th century. It was visible in the Royal Pictures that was to be set at the Royal Court of Wenceslaus I of Bohemia.[28]

Another major difference is that Alexandra's fate is left unresolved in the film. This was caused by the removal of the Royal Pictures that would include her trial at the royal court and suicide.[27]

Release

[edit]

The film premiered on 24 November 1967 and was watched by 1.3 million people in theaters. However, it became inaccessible for a long period of time after it left Cinemas.[3] When the film was screened at San Francisco Film Festival in 1968 the critics wrote "This is one of the most artistic and convincing medieval epics ever made, plunging us into the past with a relentless assault upon the visual senses with both dazzling and horrifying effects."

On 30 August 1974, Marketa Lazarová premiered in the United States. It was shortened to 100 minutes for the American market. Reviews for this version were mixed.[11][29] The film's reputation was restored after the original version was made available in the United States in 2011.[30]

The restored version returned to Czech cinemas on 13 October 2011.[31] The premiere was presented by Magdaléna Vášáryová. Vašáryová stated that she was moved by the number of young people who expressed interest in the film.[32]

Video release

[edit]

In 2009, Bontonfilm announced it will release Marketa Lazarová for DVD and Blu-ray. Bontonfilm didn't have enough finances for restoration and thus cancelled the plan. The situation changed in 2011, when the film was digitally restored by UPP. Restoration cost 2 million Czech crowns. It was financed by the Czech Ministry of Culture and Karlovy Vary International Film Festival. The digitalized version of the film premiered on 2 July 2011 at Karlovy Vary film festival.[33] The film was released in the Czech Republic on DVD on 8 December 2011.[34] The film was released worldwide on DVD and Blu-ray by the Criterion Collection in 2012.[35]

Reception

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Critical reception

[edit]

The film has received universal acclaim from critics. On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 100% based on 12 reviews, with an average rating of 9.40/10.[36] In 1968, the magazine Film a doba held a survey of film critics to choose the best Czechoslovak film of 1967. Marketa Lazarová won the survey and received 344 votes, beating films such as The Firemen's Ball and Daisies. It also received more votes than any film from foreign films category.[37] During Karlovy Vary International Film Festival in 1994 Marketa Lazarová was voted the best Czech film ever made.[38] The film was also voted the greatest Czech film of all time in a national critics' poll.[39] Marketa Lazarová also won several awards. It was awarded at Mar del Plata International Film Festival and Edinburgh International Film Festival.[34]

Public reception

[edit]

The film was also successful with audiences. It was attended by more than 1 million people in Czechoslovak cinemas.[3] Marketa Lazarová was voted best Czech film of 1965-1967 period with 28% of votes in a survey by Týden.cz.[40] The film also placed 5th in a Public survey by Media Desk.[41][42]

Accolades

[edit]
Date of ceremony Event Category Recipient(s) Result Ref(s)
1965 Artistic competition at 20th anniversary of Liberation of Czechoslovakia Writing František Vláčil, František Pavlíček Won [26]
1967 Trilobit Award Best Director František Vláčil Won [43]
Design Production Oldřich Okáč Won
V. Competition for the best musical work for film and television Main Award Zdeněk Liška Won [44]
XVIII. Worker's Film Festival Cheb Jury Award Won [26]
Litvínov Jury Award Won
Opava Jury Award Won
Pardubice Audience Award Won
1968 Mar del Plata International Film Festival Best Film František Vláčil Nominated [45]
Little Condor for artistic and historical values František Vláčil Won
Minister of Culture Award Lyrical and artistically inventive work František Vláčil Won [43]
Klement Gottwald State Award Writing and realisation František Vláčil, František Pavlíček Won [46][47]
Financial award for evaluation of Barandov Studio The most successful film František Vláčil Won [26]
Competition of Music Made for Film created in 1967 Main Award Zdeněk Liška Won [26]
Edinburgh International Film Festival Honourable Diploma Won [26]
1992 Karlovy Vary International Film Festival Crystal Globe František Vláčil Nominated [48]
1994 Film critics poll of Best Czech film ever made Won [49]
1998 Survey of Czech and Slovak film critics Best Czech-Slovak film ever made Won [26]

Legacy

[edit]

Marketa Lazarová is widely considered the best Czech film ever made and the best film directed by František Vláčil. It is also considered one of the best historical films of all time.[50] The film was already critically acclaimed in 1967 and received many positive reviews and won a survey for the best film. Vláčil himself wasn't satisfied with the film and stated that he expected more. The reason for his dissatisfaction was the failure to realise Royal Pictures as he believed that it was a pivotal part of the film.[51]

There was a survey of journalists during the 1994 Karlovy Vary International Film Festival to choose the best Czech film ever made. Marketa Lazarová won the survey.[15] Another poll was held in 1998. 55 Czech and Slovak film critics and publicists voted Marketa Lazarová the Best Czech-Slovak film of all time.[5] Marketa Lazarová also topped a 2007 survey of Reflex magazine publicists.[52] Týden.cz held surveys to choose the best Czech film of every epoch. Marketa Lazarová was voted the best Czech film of the 1965-1967 period.[40]

Casablanca Publisher released the book Marketa Lazarová: Studies and Documents in 2009. It is a study of the film edited by Petr Gajdošík.[53] It consists of various studies, interviews and articles about the film.[54]

Other adaptations

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The novel was adapted into a play in 2013. It premiered on 16 November 2013 at ABC Theatre. Dramaturgist Věra Mašková stated that the play focuses on emotions and theatrical poetry. The play was directed by Pavel Khek, and it starred Veronika Khek Kubařová as Marketa and Tomáš Novotný as Mikoláš.[55] Tomáš Šťástka gave the play 60% in his review for iDnes.cz. He stated that it tries to focus on wider audience and retain medieval brutality. He praised that it managed to show the lyrical side of the novel, but noted that the medieval reality of the novel is in clear contrast with a theatrical environment.[56]

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Marketa Lazarová". The Criterion Collection. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
  2. ^ a b "Marketa Lazarová - Zajímavosti". CSFD.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 17 August 2015.
  3. ^ a b c "Restaurovaná Marketa Lazarová vyšla na DVD". Lidovky.cz (in Czech). 8 December 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
  4. ^ "Koupíme si za dnešní plat více než před dvaceti lety?". iDNES.cz (in Czech). 4 June 2002. Retrieved 26 August 2016.
  5. ^ a b c "Top 10 Cesko-Slovenskeho Hraneho Filmu". Mestska kina Uherske Hradiste (in Czech). 1998. Archived from the original on 2 October 1999.
  6. ^ "Filmy režiséra Františka Vláčila". Rozhlas.cz (in Czech). 8 September 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  7. ^ "Marketa Lazarová (1967)". FDb.cz. Retrieved 26 August 2016.
  8. ^ "Vertigo | Marketa Lazarová". Closeupfilmcentre.com. Retrieved 26 August 2016.
  9. ^ "Marketa Lazarová – The greatest Czech film of all time". Lisa Thatcher. 6 March 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  10. ^ "'Marketa Lazarova', a Haunting Czech Epic, Will Entrance You". PopMatters. 19 July 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  11. ^ a b Hoberman, J. (3 July 2013). "Prague's Savage Spring". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  12. ^ "Marketa jediná zvítězí!". A2.cz. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  13. ^ a b "Filmové obrazy středověku". Castrum.cz (in Czech). Castrum o.p.s. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  14. ^ "Hrad Rabí". Země filmů (in Czech). Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  15. ^ a b "Marketa Lazarová". Česká televize (in Czech). Retrieved 8 August 2017.
  16. ^ Dvořák, Luboš (22 August 2015). "Drsná Šumava vykouzlila na plátně syrovou atmosféru filmové epopeje". Českobudějovický deník (in Czech). Retrieved 8 August 2017.
  17. ^ "5. ledna 2015". Nostalghia. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
  18. ^ "Markéta Lazarová". www.filmovamista.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 6 September 2017.
  19. ^ "Nostalghia.cz - Marketa Lazarová". nostalghia.cz. Retrieved 26 August 2016.
  20. ^ "František Vláčil: Markéta Lazarová V noci jsem snil, že jsem motýlem". Odaha.com (in Czech). Retrieved 8 September 2017.
  21. ^ "Hudba z filmu Marketa Lazarová zazní poprvé v koncertním provedení". iROZHLAS (in Czech). 9 October 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
  22. ^ Černíček, Jan (18 September 2015). "Liškovi dědici svolili k prvnímu koncertnímu uvedení hudby z Markety Lazarové". Hospodářské noviny (in Czech). Retrieved 8 August 2017.
  23. ^ "Struny podzimu uvedou koncert hudby z filmu Marketa Lazarová". tyden.cz. 15 September 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
  24. ^ Dobrovská, Wanda (12 October 2015). "Marketa Lazarová jako oratorium" (in Czech). Retrieved 8 August 2017.
  25. ^ Herman, Mik. "Markéta Lazarová, mistrovská Vančurova kniha a Vláčilův nejlepší film". Čítárny (in Czech). Retrieved 6 September 2017.
  26. ^ a b c d e f g "Marketa Lazarová (1967)". Filmový přehled (in Czech). Retrieved 6 September 2017.
  27. ^ a b "Nostalghia.cz - Marketa Lazarová". nostalghia.cz. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
  28. ^ "Přes Vláčilův film až ke knize - Markéta Lazarová". Kosmas.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  29. ^ "Movie Review - - Screen: 'Marketa Lazarova' Opens:Czech Production Is a Medieval Hodgepodge The Cast Savage Koslik Clan Is Noted for Brutality". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  30. ^ Miller, Frank. "Marketa Lazarová". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  31. ^ "Fanoušci Vláčila se dočkali, Marketa Lazarová je konečně v kinech". iDNES.cz (in Czech). 13 October 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
  32. ^ "Digitálně opravenou Marketu Lazarovou uvedla Magda Vašáryová". iROZHLAS (in Czech). 2 July 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  33. ^ "Marketa Lazarová jako nová". ČT24 (in Czech). Retrieved 8 August 2017.
  34. ^ a b "Restaurovaná Marketa Lazarová vyšla na DVD". Lidovky.cz. 8 December 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
  35. ^ "Mad about 'Marketa': A few words about the Czech classic". The Same Cinema Every Night. 19 June 2013. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
  36. ^ "Marketa Lazarová - Rotten Tomatoes". Rotten Tomatoes.
  37. ^ "Nejlepší filmy 1967". Film a Doba: 64–65. 1968. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  38. ^ Novotny, Michal. "Festivalové ozvěny: 20. týden - filmserver.cz". filmserver.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 7 March 2017.
  39. ^ Marketa Lazarová on kfilmu.net (in Czech)
  40. ^ a b "ANKETA: Suverénním vítězem je Marketa Lazarová". TÝDEN.cz (in Czech). 31 May 2010. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
  41. ^ "Zachraňte Kristiana - digitalizace tématem nejen karlovarských OVM". ČT24 (in Czech). Retrieved 7 May 2018.
  42. ^ "Poll: best Czech film of all time is 1939 "Kristián"". Radio.cz. 3 July 2010. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
  43. ^ a b "Marketa Lazarová (1967)". FDb.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 10 August 2017.
  44. ^ "Zdeněk Liška". Filmový přehled (in Czech). Retrieved 10 August 2017.
  45. ^ "Marketa Lazarová". IMDB. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
  46. ^ "František Pavlíček" (PDF). National Film Archive. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
  47. ^ "František Vláčil" (PDF). National Film Archive (in Czech). Retrieved 17 August 2017.
  48. ^ "Mezinárodní Filmový Festival Karlovy Vary 1992". Nafilmy.com (in Czech). Retrieved 17 August 2017.
  49. ^ "Restored Print of Marketa Lazarová". Aic.sk. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  50. ^ "Hrad na čas ovládl nejlepší český filmař". Aktuálně.cz (in Czech). 15 February 2008. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
  51. ^ "Nostalghia.cz - Marketa Lazarová". nostalghia.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 30 September 2017.
  52. ^ "10 nejlepších českých filmů podle čtenářů Reflexu. Nejraději máte Pelíšky!". Reflex.cz (in Czech). 24 August 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
  53. ^ Markéta Lazarová. Studie a dokumenty - Petr Gajdošík (ed.) (in Czech). Retrieved 9 May 2018. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  54. ^ "Mozaiková Marketa Lazarová". 25fps.cz (in Czech). 25 March 2010. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  55. ^ "VIDEO: Divadelní Markéta Lazarová láká na Vančurovu básnivost". iDNES.cz. 15 November 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  56. ^ "RECENZE: Divadelní Markéta Lazarová básní skvěle. Jen neví, komu patří". iDNES.cz. 20 November 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
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