Elmer Gantry's Velvet Opera: Difference between revisions

Elmer Gantry's Velvet Opera
Elmer Gantry's Velvet Opera
Also known as	Velvet Opera
Origin	England
Genres	Soul blues, rock, psychedelic rock
Years active	1967–1971
Past members	Richard Hudson; John Ford; Elmer Gantry; Colin Forster; Jimmy Horrocks; Paul Brett; Johnny Joyce; Colin Bass; Dave MacTavish; Mike Fincher

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Elmer Gantry's Velvet Opera, at various times also known as Velvet Opera, was a British rock band active in the late 1960s. Members of the band, Richard Hudson, John Ford and Paul Brett, would later become members of The Strawbs, Hudson Ford and Stretch.

History

The group emerged from a soul/blues band called The Five Proud Walkers.^[1] After supporting Pink Floyd on tour, they were inspired to change their approach and become a more psychedelic outfit. The band consolidated as Richard Hudson on drums, John Ford on bass, Colin Forster on lead guitar, Jimmy Horrocks (Horovitz) on organ and flute (who left early in the band's history^[2]), and Dave Terry on vocals and harmonica.^[3] Initially just calling themselves Velvet Opera, they developed their full name when Terry took to wearing a cape and preacher's hat in the style of the title character in the 1960 film adaptation of Sinclair Lewis' novel Elmer Gantry.

They started to make club appearances in London, using electronic backing sounds, and secured a record deal with the short-lived Direction Records subsidiary of CBS Records in the UK. Their first recording was the single "Flames" (November 1967), which also appeared on the CBS sampler record The Rock Machine Turns You On,^[3] and was later covered on stage by Led Zeppelin.^[4] Further singles and a self-titled album followed, including the track "Mary Jane", which was taken off the BBC playlist after they realised its drug connotations,^[4] although the band continued to make regular live appearances on John Peel's Radio 1 programme Top Gear^[3] and other BBC radio shows. Around this time, Terry, as lead singer of the band, was regularly being approached as "Elmer." The band found this amusing and joined in and the name stuck: Dave Terry became (and remains) Elmer Gantry.

However, the recording success of the band was limited, and Forster left to be replaced by Paul Brett, who had worked with Gantry in ex–Arthur Brown backing band The High Society. When Brett, Hudson and Ford wanted to take the band in a different direction, Elmer Gantry was the next to depart. The band reverted to the name Velvet Opera, took on 12-string guitarist John Joyce, and released a second album, Ride a Hustler's Dream. This again failed to achieve success, and in 1970 Ford left (to be replaced by Colin Bass), followed by Richard Hudson, both of them joining The Strawbs shortly afterwards.^[3] At this point the band dissolved.

In 1971, Forster and Bass formed a new version of Velvet Opera with ex–Tintern Abbey vocalist Dave MacTavish and drummer Mike Fincher. Short-lived, they recorded one single on the Spark Records label.^[5]

Meanwhile, Gantry formed The Elmer Gantry Band with ex-members of the Downliners Sect (whose bass player was Paul Martinez, later to also be a member of what became known as The Fake Fleetwood Mac and Stretch). The Gantry band gigged for about 18 months before Gantry joined the cast of Hair in order to sit out his contracts. In 1974, at the invitation of Mick Fleetwood^{[citation needed]} and Clifford Davis he agreed, along with musical partner Kirby Gregory of Curved Air, to join Fleetwood Mac for a tour of the US. In the event, Mick Fleetwood never arrived for the start of the tour, which collapsed in litigation with some of the members of Fleetwood Mac,^[6] Members of the band later re-formed as Stretch and recorded what has since become a classic track, "Why Did You Do It?", written by Kirby about Mick Fleetwood's actions around the "Fake Mac" saga. Stretch recorded three studio albums, Elastique, You Can't Beat Your Brain For Entertainment and Life Blood. Later, Gantry recorded with The Alan Parsons Project and sang lead vocals on the tracks "May Be a Price to Pay" on The Turn of a Friendly Card and "Psychobabble" on Eye in the Sky. He also provided lead vocals for Cozy Powell's solo album Tilt and sang and wrote for Jon Lord's solo album Before I Forget. More recently, Stretch released the John Peel BBC Sessions and a newly recorded album, Unfinished Business.

Members

Richard Hudson – drums, sitar (1967–1970)
John Ford – bass guitar (1967–1970)
Dave Terry a.k.a. "Elmer Gantry" – vocals, guitar, harmonica (1967–1968)
Colin Forster – lead guitar (1967–1968, 1969–1971)
Jimmy Horrocks (Horovitz) – organ, flute (1967)
Paul Brett – guitar, vocals (1968)
Johnny Joyce – guitar, vocals (1969–1970; died 2004)
Colin Bass – bass guitar (1970–1971)
Dave MacTavish – vocals (1971)
Mike Fincher – drums (1971)

Discography

Albums

Elmer Gantry's Velvet Opera - Direction S8-63300 (July 1968)^[7]
Ride a Hustler's Dream (September 1969)^[3]

Singles

"Flames"/"Salisbury Plain"
"Mary Jane"/"Dreamy"
"Volcano"/"A Quick B"
"Anna Dance Square"/"Don't You Realise"
"Black Jack Davy"/"Statesboro Blues"
"She Keeps Giving Me These Feelings"/"There's a Hole In My Pocket"

References

^ "G.M. Records - the good music makers", Billboard, Vol. 85, No. 21, 26 May 1973 (Nielsen Business Media Inc) ISSN 0006-2510; p:GM3
^ Horovitz later became a well known record producer, working with Dusty Springfield, Lulu, Lesley Duncan, Burt Bacharach and others - "G.M. Records - the good music makers", Billboard, Vol. 85, No. 21, 26 May 1973 (Nielsen Business Media Inc), ISSN 0006-2510; p:GM3
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Larkin C., Virgin Encyclopedia of Sixties Music, (Muze UK Ltd, 1997), ISBN 0-7535-0149-X, p. 208
^ ^a ^b Williamson, Nigel: The Rough Guide to Led Zeppelin, (Dorling Kindersley Ltd, 2007), ISBN 1-84353-841-5, p. 44
^ not the U.S label, but a U.K. subsidiary of Pye Records
^ Loraine Alterman, "And then there were none", Rolling Stone #155, 28 February 1974, p. 12
^ "Album Reviews" (PDF). Disc And Echo Music. 13 July 1968. p. 16. Retrieved 15 September 2021.

[1] "G.M. Records - the good music makers", Billboard, Vol. 85, No. 21, 26 May 1973 (Nielsen Business Media Inc) ISSN 0006-2510; p:GM3

[2] Horovitz later became a well known record producer, working with Dusty Springfield, Lulu, Lesley Duncan, Burt Bacharach and others - "G.M. Records - the good music makers", Billboard, Vol. 85, No. 21, 26 May 1973 (Nielsen Business Media Inc), ISSN 0006-2510; p:GM3

[Larkin-3] Larkin C., Virgin Encyclopedia of Sixties Music, (Muze UK Ltd, 1997), ISBN 0-7535-0149-X, p. 208

[Zeppelin-4] Williamson, Nigel: The Rough Guide to Led Zeppelin, (Dorling Kindersley Ltd, 2007), ISBN 1-84353-841-5, p. 44

[5] t the U.S label, but a U.K. subsidiary of Pye Records

[6] Loraine Alterman, "And then there were none", Rolling Stone #155, 28 February 1974, p. 12

[7] "Album Reviews" (PDF). Disc And Echo Music. 13 July 1968. p. 16. Retrieved 15 September 2021.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|British rock band}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
 {{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
@@ Line 18: / Line 19: @@
 | website                 =
 | current_members     =
-| past_members        = [[Richard Hudson (musician)|Richard Hudson]]<br/>[[John Ford (musician)|John Ford]]<br/>Elmer Gantry<br/>Colin Forster<br/>Jimmy Horrocks<br/>[[Paul Brett]]<br/>[[Johnny Joyce]]<br/>[[Colin Bass]]<br/>Dave MacTavish<br/>Mike Fincher
+| past_members        = [[Richard Hudson (musician)|Richard Hudson]]<br/>[[John Ford (musician)|John Ford]]<br/>Elmer Gantry<br/>Colin Forster<br/>Jimmy Horrocks<br/>[[Paul Brett]]<br/>Johnny Joyce<br/>[[Colin Bass]]<br/>Dave MacTavish<br/>Mike Fincher
 }}
-'''Elmer Gantry's Velvet Opera''', at various times also known as "Velvet Opera", was a British rock band active in the late 1960s. Members of the band would later become members of The [[Strawbs]], [[Hudson Ford]] and [[Stretch (band) |Stretch]].
+'''Elmer Gantry's Velvet Opera''', at various times also known as Velvet Opera, was a British rock band active in the late 1960s. Members of the band, [[Richard Hudson (musician)|Richard Hudson]], [[John Ford (musician)|John Ford]] and [[Paul Brett]], would later become members of The [[Strawbs]], [[Hudson Ford]] and [[Stretch (band) |Stretch]].
 ==History==
-The group emerged from a soul/blues band called 'The Five Proud Walkers'.<ref>"G.M. Records - the good music makers", Billboard Magazine, Vol. 85, No. 21, 26 May 1973 (Nielsen Business Media Inc) ISSN 0006-2510; p:GM3</ref> After supporting [[Pink Floyd]] on tour, they were inspired to change their approach and become a more psychedelic outfit. The band consolidated as [[Richard Hudson (musician)|Richard Hudson]] on drums, [[John Ford (musician)|John Ford]] on bass, Colin Forster on lead guitar, Jimmy Horrocks (Horovitz) on organ and flute (who left early in the band's history<ref>Horovitz later became a well known record producer, working with Dusty Springfield, Lulu, Lesley Duncan, Burt Bacharach and others - "G.M. Records - the good music makers" Billboard Magazine, Vol. 85, No. 21, 26 May 1973 (Nielsen Business Media Inc) ISSN 0006-2510; p:GM3</ref>), and Dave Terry on vocals and harmonica.<ref name="Larkin">Larkin C 'Virgin Encyclopedia of Sixties Music' (Muze UK Ltd, 1997) {{ISBN|0-7535-0149-X}} p208</ref> Initially just calling themselves Velvet Opera, they developed their full name when Terry took to wearing a cape and preacher's hat in the style of the title character in the 1960 [[Elmer Gantry (film)|film adaptation]] of [[Sinclair Lewis]]' novel, ''[[Elmer Gantry]]''.
+The group emerged from a soul/blues band called The Five Proud Walkers.<ref>"G.M. Records - the good music makers", ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'', Vol. 85, No. 21, 26 May 1973 (Nielsen Business Media Inc) ISSN 0006-2510; p:GM3</ref> After supporting [[Pink Floyd]] on tour, they were inspired to change their approach and become a more psychedelic outfit. The band consolidated as [[Richard Hudson (musician)|Richard Hudson]] on drums, [[John Ford (musician)|John Ford]] on bass, Colin Forster on lead guitar, Jimmy Horrocks (Horovitz) on organ and flute (who left early in the band's history<ref>Horovitz later became a well known record producer, working with Dusty Springfield, Lulu, Lesley Duncan, Burt Bacharach and others - "G.M. Records - the good music makers", ''Billboard'', Vol. 85, No. 21, 26 May 1973 (Nielsen Business Media Inc), ISSN 0006-2510; p:GM3</ref>), and Dave Terry on vocals and harmonica.<ref name="Larkin">Larkin C., ''Virgin Encyclopedia of Sixties Music'', (Muze UK Ltd, 1997), {{ISBN|0-7535-0149-X}}, p. 208</ref> Initially just calling themselves Velvet Opera, they developed their full name when Terry took to wearing a cape and preacher's hat in the style of the title character in the 1960 [[Elmer Gantry (film)|film adaptation]] of [[Sinclair Lewis]]' novel ''[[Elmer Gantry]]''.
-They started to make club appearances in London, using electronic backing sounds, and secured a record deal with the short lived [[Direction Records (British label)|Direction Records]] subsidiary of [[Columbia Records|CBS Records]] in the UK. Their first recording was the single "Flames" (November 1967) which also featured on the CBS sampler record "[[The Rock Machine Turns You On]]",<ref name="Larkin" /> and was later [[cover version|covered]] on stage by [[Led Zeppelin]].<ref name=Zeppelin> Williamson, Nigel: "The Rough Guide to Led Zeppelin" (Dorling Kindersley Ltd, 2007) {{ISBN|1-84353-841-5}}, p44</ref> Further singles and a self-titled album followed, including the track "Mary Jane" which was taken off the BBC playlist after they realised its drug connotations,<ref name=Zeppelin /> although the band continued to make regular live appearances on [[John Peel |John Peel's]] [[BBC Radio 1 |Radio 1]] programme '[[Top Gear (radio show) |Top Gear]]',<ref name="Larkin" /> and other BBC radio shows. Around this time, Terry, as lead singer of the band was regularly being approached as "Elmer." The band found this amusing and joined in and the name stuck, Dave Terry became (and remains) Elmer Gantry.
+They started to make club appearances in London, using electronic backing sounds, and secured a record deal with the short-lived [[Direction Records (British label)|Direction Records]] subsidiary of [[Columbia Records|CBS Records]] in the UK. Their first recording was the single "Flames" (November 1967), which also appeared on the CBS sampler record ''[[The Rock Machine Turns You On]]'',<ref name="Larkin" /> and was later [[cover version|covered]] on stage by [[Led Zeppelin]].<ref name=Zeppelin> Williamson, Nigel: ''The Rough Guide to Led Zeppelin'', (Dorling Kindersley Ltd, 2007), {{ISBN|1-84353-841-5}}, p. 44</ref> Further singles and a self-titled album followed, including the track "Mary Jane", which was taken off the BBC playlist after they realised its drug connotations,<ref name=Zeppelin /> although the band continued to make regular live appearances on [[John Peel]]'s [[BBC Radio 1 |Radio 1]] programme ''[[Top Gear (radio show) |Top Gear]]''<ref name="Larkin" /> and other BBC radio shows. Around this time, Terry, as lead singer of the band, was regularly being approached as "Elmer." The band found this amusing and joined in and the name stuck: Dave Terry became (and remains) Elmer Gantry.
-However, the recording success of the band was limited, and Forster left to be replaced by Paul Brett, who had worked with Gantry in ex- Arthur Brown backing band "The High Society." When Brett, Hudson and Ford wanted to take the band in a different direction, Elmer Gantry was the next to depart and the band reverted to the name "Velvet Opera" and took on 12 string guitarist John Joyce and the band released a second album, ''Ride a Hustler's Dream''. This again failed to achieve success, and in 1970 Ford left (to be replaced by Colin Bass), subsequently followed by Richard Hudson; both of them joining The [[Strawbs]] shortly afterwards.<ref name="Larkin" /> At this point the band dissolved.
+However, the recording success of the band was limited, and Forster left to be replaced by Paul Brett, who had worked with Gantry in ex–[[Arthur Brown (musician)|Arthur Brown]] backing band The High Society. When Brett, Hudson and Ford wanted to take the band in a different direction, Elmer Gantry was the next to depart. The band reverted to the name Velvet Opera, took on 12-string guitarist John Joyce, and released a second album, ''Ride a Hustler's Dream''. This again failed to achieve success, and in 1970 Ford left (to be replaced by Colin Bass), followed by Richard Hudson, both of them joining The [[Strawbs]] shortly afterwards.<ref name="Larkin" /> At this point the band dissolved.
-In 1971, Forster and Bass formed a new version of Velvet Opera with ex-[[Tintern Abbey (band) |Tintern Abbey]] vocalist, Dave MacTavish and drummer Mike Fincher. Short-lived, they recorded one single on the Spark Records label.<ref> note: not the U.S label, but a U.K. subsidiary of Pye Records</ref>
+In 1971, Forster and Bass formed a new version of Velvet Opera with ex–[[Tintern Abbey (band) |Tintern Abbey]] vocalist Dave MacTavish and drummer Mike Fincher. Short-lived, they recorded one single on the [[Spark Records (UK label)|Spark Records]] label.<ref>not the U.S label, but a U.K. subsidiary of Pye Records</ref>
-Meanwhile, Gantry formed "The Elmer Gantry Band" with ex-members of the [[Downliners Sect]] (whose bass player was Paul Martinez, later to also be a member of what became known as "The Fake Fleetwood Mac" and Stretch). The Gantry band gigged for about 18 months before Gantry joined the cast of "Hair" in order to sit out his contracts. In 1974, at the invitation of Mick Fleetwood and Clifford Davis he agreed, along with musical partner Kirby Gregory of Curved Air, to join Fleetwood Mac for a tour of the USA. In the event, Mick Fleetwood never arrived for the start of the tour which collapsed in litigation with some of the members of Fleetwood Mac,<ref>Loraine Alterman "And then there were none" Rolling Stone magazine #155, 28 February 1974 p12</ref> Members of the band later reformed as [[Stretch (band)|Stretch]] and recorded what has since become a classic track, "Why Did You Do It?" written by Kirby about Mick Fleetwood's actions around the "Fake Mac" saga. Stretch recorded three studio albums, "Elastique," "You Can't Beat Your Brain For Entertainment" and "Life Blood."   Later, Gantry recorded with [[The Alan Parsons Project]] and sang lead vocals on the tracks "May Be a Price to Pay" on ''[[The Turn of a Friendly Card]]'' and "Psychobabble" on ''[[Eye in the Sky (album)|Eye in the Sky]]''. He also provided lead vocals for [[Cozy Powell]]'s solo album "Tilt" and sang and wrote for [[Jon Lord]]'s solo album "Before I Forget." More recently, Stretch have released the John Peel BBC Sessions and a newly recorded album "Unfinished Business."
+Meanwhile, Gantry formed The Elmer Gantry Band with ex-members of the [[Downliners Sect]] (whose bass player was Paul Martinez, later to also be a member of what became known as The Fake Fleetwood Mac and [[Stretch (band)|Stretch]]). The Gantry band gigged for about 18 months before Gantry joined the cast of ''[[Hair (musical)|Hair]]'' in order to sit out his contracts. In 1974, at the invitation of [[Mick Fleetwood]]{{cn|date = October 2019}} and Clifford Davis he agreed, along with musical partner [[Kirby Gregory]] of [[Curved Air]], to join [[Fleetwood Mac]] for a tour of the US. In the event, Mick Fleetwood never arrived for the start of the tour, which collapsed in litigation with some of the members of Fleetwood Mac,<ref>Loraine Alterman, "And then there were none", ''Rolling Stone'' #155, 28 February 1974, p. 12</ref> Members of the band later re-formed as Stretch and recorded what has since become a classic track, "Why Did You Do It?", written by Kirby about Mick Fleetwood's actions around the "Fake Mac" saga. Stretch recorded three studio albums, ''Elastique'', ''You Can't Beat Your Brain For Entertainment'' and ''Life Blood''.  Later, Gantry recorded with [[The Alan Parsons Project]] and sang lead vocals on the tracks "May Be a Price to Pay" on ''[[The Turn of a Friendly Card]]'' and "Psychobabble" on ''[[Eye in the Sky (album)|Eye in the Sky]]''. He also provided lead vocals for [[Cozy Powell]]'s solo album ''[[Tilt (Cozy Powell album)|Tilt]]'' and sang and wrote for [[Jon Lord]]'s solo album ''[[Before I Forget (album)|Before I Forget]]''. More recently, Stretch released the John Peel BBC Sessions and a newly recorded album, ''Unfinished Business''.
 ==Members==
-*[[Richard Hudson (musician)|Richard Hudson]] – vocals, [[drum kit|drums]], [[sitar]] <small>(1967-1970)</small>
+*[[Richard Hudson (musician)|Richard Hudson]] – [[drum kit|drums]], [[sitar]] <small>(1967–1970)</small>
-*[[John Ford (musician)|John Ford]] – vocals, [[bass guitar]] <small>(1967-1970)</small>
+*[[John Ford (musician)|John Ford]] – [[bass guitar]] <small>(1967–1970)</small>
-* "Elmer Gantry" – [[singing|vocals]], [[guitar]], [[harmonica]] <small>(1967-1968)</small>
+* Dave Terry a.k.a. "Elmer Gantry" – [[singing|vocals]], [[guitar]], [[harmonica]] <small>(1967–1968)</small>
-*Colin Forster - lead guitar <small>(1967-1968, 1969-1971)</small>
+*Colin Forster – lead guitar <small>(1967–1968, 1969–1971)</small>
 *Jimmy Horrocks (Horovitz) – [[organ (music)|organ]], [[Western concert flute|flute]] <small>(1967)</small>
-*[[Paul Brett]] – guitar <small>(1968)</small>
+*[[Paul Brett]] – guitar, vocals <small>(1968)</small>
-*[[Johnny Joyce]] – vocals, guitar <small>(1969-1970; died 2004)</small>
+*Johnny Joyce – guitar, vocals <small>(1969–1970; died 2004)</small>
-*[[Colin Forster]] - bass guitar <small>(1970-1971)</small>
+*[[Colin Bass]] – bass guitar <small>(1970–1971)</small>
-*Dave MacTavish - vocals <small>(1971)</small>
+*Dave MacTavish – vocals <small>(1971)</small>
-*Mike Fincher - drums <small>(1971)</small>
+*Mike Fincher – drums <small>(1971)</small>
+<timeline>
+ImageSize = width:800 height:250
+PlotArea = left:100 bottom:80 top:10 right:10
+Alignbars = justify
+DateFormat  = dd/mm/yyyy
+Period = from:01/01/1967 till:31/12/1971
+TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy
+Colors =
+ id:vocals  value:red  legend:Vocals
+ id:guitar  value:green  legend:Guitar
+ id:keys  value:purple  legend:Keyboards
+ id:bass  value:blue  legend:Bass
+ id:drums  value:orange  legend:Drums
+ id:album  value:black   legend:Studio_releases
+Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:1
+ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1 start:1967
+BarData =
+ bar:Terry  text:Elmer Gantry
+ bar:Joyce  text:Johnny Joyce
+ bar:MacTavish  text:Dave MacTavish
+ bar:Forster  text:Colin Forster
+ bar:Brett  text:Paul Brett
+ bar:Horrocks  text:Jimmy Horrocks
+ bar:Ford  text:John Ford
+ bar:Bass  text:Colin Bass
+ bar:Hudson  text:Richard Hudson
+ bar:Fincher  text:Mike Fincher
+LineData =
+  at:01/07/1967 layer:back
+  at:15/09/1969 layer:back
+PlotData =
+ width:11 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-4)
+ bar:Terry  from:01/01/1967  till:31/12/1968  color:vocals
+ bar:Joyce  from:01/01/1969  till:31/12/1970  color:vocals
+ bar:Joyce  from:01/01/1969  till:31/12/1970  color:guitar  width:3
+ bar:MacTavish  from:01/01/1971  till:31/12/1971  color:vocals
+ bar:Forster  from:01/01/1967  till:01/09/1968  color:guitar
+ bar:Forster  from:01/01/1970  till:31/12/1971  color:guitar
+ bar:Brett  from:01/09/1968  till:01/01/1970  color:guitar
+ bar:Brett  from:31/12/1968  till:01/01/1970  color:vocals width:3
+ bar:Horrocks  from:01/01/1967  till:01/11/1967  color:keys
+ bar:Ford  from:01/01/1967  till:01/03/1970  color:bass
+ bar:Bass  from:01/03/1970  till:31/12/1971  color:bass
+ bar:Hudson  from:01/01/1967  till:01/04/1970  color:drums
+ bar:Fincher  from:01/04/1970  till:31/12/1971  color:drums
+</timeline>
 ==Discography==
 ===Albums===
-*''Elmer Gantry's Velvet Opera'' - Direction S8-63300 (1968)
+*''Elmer Gantry's Velvet Opera'' - Direction S8-63300 (July 1968)<ref>{{cite periodical |title=Album Reviews |periodical=Disc And Echo Music|date=July 13, 1968 |page=16 |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Disc/1968/Disc-&-Music-Echo-1968-07-13.pdf |access-date=15 September 2021}}</ref>
-*''Ride a Hustler's Dream'' (1969)
+*''Ride a Hustler's Dream'' (September 1969)<ref name="Larkin" />
 ===Singles===
@@ Line 63: / Line 118: @@
 {{Authority control}}
-[[Category:British rock music groups]]
+[[Category:English psychedelic rock music groups]]
 [[Category:Musical groups established in 1967]]
+[[Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1971]]
 [[Category:1967 establishments in England]]
+[[Category:1971 disestablishments in England]]

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