Risk-weighted asset: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Regulatory capital}} |
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{{Expert-subject|Finance|date=January 2014}} |
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| ⚫ | '''Risk-weighted asset''' (also referred to as RWA) is a bank's [[asset]]s or [[off-balance-sheet]] exposures, weighted according to [[risk]].<ref>[http://moneyterms.co.uk/risk-weighted-assets/ Moneyterms:Risk Weighted Assets]</ref> This sort of asset calculation is used in determining the capital requirement or [[Capital Adequacy Ratio]] (CAR) for a financial institution. In the [[Basel I]] accord published by the [[Basel Committee on Banking Supervision]], the Committee explains why using a risk-weight approach is the preferred methodology which banks should adopt for capital calculation:<ref>[http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbsc111.pdf BCBS:Basel I Accord]</ref> |
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| ⚫ | '''Risk-weighted asset''' (also referred to as RWA) is a bank's [[asset]]s or [[off-balance-sheet]] exposures, weighted according to [[risk]].<ref>[http://moneyterms.co.uk/risk-weighted-assets/ Moneyterms:Risk Weighted Assets]</ref> This sort of asset calculation is used in determining the capital requirement or [[Capital Adequacy Ratio]] (CAR) for a financial institution. In the [[Basel I]] accord published by the [[Basel Committee on Banking Supervision]], the Committee explains why using a risk-weight approach is the preferred methodology which banks should adopt for capital calculation |
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*it provides an easier approach to compare banks across different geographies |
*it provides an easier approach to compare banks across different geographies |
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*off-balance-sheet exposures can be easily included in capital adequacy calculations |
*off-balance-sheet exposures can be easily included in capital adequacy calculations |
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*banks are not |
*banks are not deterred from carrying low risk liquid assets in their books |
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Usually, different classes of assets have different risk weights associated with them. The calculation of risk weights is dependent on whether the bank has adopted the [[Standardized approach (credit risk)|standardized]] or [[Internal Ratings-Based Approach (Credit Risk)|IRB]] approach under the [[Basel II]] framework.<ref>[http://www.cml.org.uk/cml/policy/issues/721 Question 4:Basel II questions and answers]</ref> |
Usually, different classes of assets have different risk weights associated with them. The calculation of risk weights is dependent on whether the bank has adopted the [[Standardized approach (credit risk)|standardized]] or [[Internal Ratings-Based Approach (Credit Risk)|IRB]] approach under the [[Basel II]] framework.<ref>[http://www.cml.org.uk/cml/policy/issues/721 Question 4:Basel II questions and answers] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111214061403/http://www.cml.org.uk/cml/policy/issues/721 |date=2011-12-14 }}</ref> |
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Some assets, such as [[debentures]], are assigned a higher risk than others, such as cash or government [[Security (finance)|securities]]/[[Bond (finance)|bonds]]. Since different types of assets have different [[risk]] profiles, weighting assets according to their level of risk primarily adjusts for assets that are less risky by allowing banks to discount lower-risk assets. In the most basic application, government debt is allowed a 0% "risk weighting"<ref>[http://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/basel_I.asp#axzz1al24TrUt Investopedia:Basel I]</ref> - that is, they are subtracted from total assets for purposes of calculating the CAR. |
Some assets, such as [[debentures]], are assigned a higher risk than others, such as cash or government [[Security (finance)|securities]]/[[Bond (finance)|bonds]]. Since different types of assets have different [[risk]] profiles, weighting assets according to their level of risk primarily adjusts for assets that are less risky by allowing banks to discount lower-risk assets. In the most basic application, government debt is allowed a 0% "risk weighting"<ref>[http://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/basel_I.asp#axzz1al24TrUt Investopedia:Basel I]</ref> - that is, they are subtracted from total assets for purposes of calculating the CAR. |
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A document was written in 1988 by the [[Basel Committee on Banking Supervision]] which recommends certain standards and regulations for banks. This was called [[Basel I]], and the Committee came out with a revised framework known as [[Basel II]]. The main recommendation of this document is that banks should hold enough capital to equal at least 8% of its risk-weighted assets.<ref>[http://www.cml.org.uk/cml/policy/issues/748 Basel II - a guide to capital adequacy standards for lenders]</ref> More recently, the committee has published another revised framework known as [[Basel III]].<ref>[http://www.bis.org/bcbs/basel3.htm Basel III:International Regulatory framework for banks]</ref> The calculation of the amount of risk-weighted assets depends on which revision of the Basel Accord is being followed by the financial institution. Most countries have implemented some version of this regulation.<ref>[http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs_nl11.htm Progress on Basel II implementation]</ref> |
A document was written in 1988 by the [[Basel Committee on Banking Supervision]] which recommends certain standards and regulations for banks. This was called [[Basel I]], and the Committee came out with a revised framework known as [[Basel II]]. The main recommendation of this document is that banks should hold enough capital to equal at least 8% of its risk-weighted assets.<ref>[http://www.cml.org.uk/cml/policy/issues/748 Basel II - a guide to capital adequacy standards for lenders] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023210110/http://www.cml.org.uk/cml/policy/issues/748 |date=2011-10-23 }}</ref> More recently, the committee has published another revised framework known as [[Basel III]].<ref>[http://www.bis.org/bcbs/basel3.htm Basel III:International Regulatory framework for banks]</ref> The calculation of the amount of risk-weighted assets depends on which revision of the Basel Accord is being followed by the financial institution. Most countries have implemented some version of this regulation.<ref>[http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs_nl11.htm Progress on Basel II implementation]</ref> |
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== Example == |
== Example == |
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[[Category:Bank regulation]] |
[[Category:Bank regulation]] |
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[[Category:Financial risk]] |
[[Category:Financial risk]] |
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[[Category:Credit risk]] |
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[[Category:Capital requirement]] |
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[[Category:Management cybernetics]] |
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Latest revision as of 19:36, 7 March 2024
Risk-weighted asset (also referred to as RWA) is a bank's assets or off-balance-sheet exposures, weighted according to risk.[1] This sort of asset calculation is used in determining the capital requirement or Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) for a financial institution. In the Basel I accord published by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, the Committee explains why using a risk-weight approach is the preferred methodology which banks should adopt for capital calculation:[2]
- it provides an easier approach to compare banks across different geographies
- off-balance-sheet exposures can be easily included in capital adequacy calculations
- banks are not deterred from carrying low risk liquid assets in their books
Usually, different classes of assets have different risk weights associated with them. The calculation of risk weights is dependent on whether the bank has adopted the standardized or IRB approach under the Basel II framework.[3]
Some assets, such as debentures, are assigned a higher risk than others, such as cash or government securities/bonds. Since different types of assets have different risk profiles, weighting assets according to their level of risk primarily adjusts for assets that are less risky by allowing banks to discount lower-risk assets. In the most basic application, government debt is allowed a 0% "risk weighting"[4] - that is, they are subtracted from total assets for purposes of calculating the CAR.
A document was written in 1988 by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision which recommends certain standards and regulations for banks. This was called Basel I, and the Committee came out with a revised framework known as Basel II. The main recommendation of this document is that banks should hold enough capital to equal at least 8% of its risk-weighted assets.[5] More recently, the committee has published another revised framework known as Basel III.[6] The calculation of the amount of risk-weighted assets depends on which revision of the Basel Accord is being followed by the financial institution. Most countries have implemented some version of this regulation.[7]
Example
[edit]For an example of how risk-weighted assets are calculated and derivation of capital ratio, see [8]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Moneyterms:Risk Weighted Assets
- ^ BCBS:Basel I Accord
- ^ Question 4:Basel II questions and answers Archived 2011-12-14 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Investopedia:Basel I
- ^ Basel II - a guide to capital adequacy standards for lenders Archived 2011-10-23 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Basel III:International Regulatory framework for banks
- ^ Progress on Basel II implementation
- ^ Reserve Bank of New Zealand:Capital adequacy ratios for banks