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{{short description|Airborne early warning and reconnaissance aircraft based on the ERJ-145}}
{{Redirect|R-99|the star|R99|the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System release|UMTS#Release '99}}
{{Infobox aircraft
{{Refimprove|date=August 2008}}
| name = E-99/P-99/R-99<!--please avoid stating manufacturer in this field; it's stated two lines below -->
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
| image = R99_-_RIAT_2007_(2370466415).jpg<!--in the ''File:filename'' format, no image tags-->
|name = R-99A/B<br>P-99<!--please avoid stating manufacturer in this field; it's stated two lines below -->
| caption = [[Brazilian Air Force]] E-99<!--image caption; if it isn't descriptive it should be left blank-->
|image = File:Aeronaves Ágata 7 - FAB - EMB145 Erieyejpg.jpg<!--in the ''File:filename'' format, no image tags-->
| type = [[Airborne early warning and control]] (AEW&C) (E-99)<br />[[Remote sensing]] (R-99)<br />[[Maritime patrol]] (P-99)
|caption = [[Brazilian Air Force]] R-99A<!--image caption; if it isn't descriptive it should be left blank-->
| national_origin = [[Brazil]]
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type
| manufacturer = [[Embraer]]
|type = [[Airborne early warning and control]] (AEW&C) (R-99A)<br/>[[Remote sensing]] (R-99B)<br/>[[Maritime patrol]] (P-99)
| designer = <!--only appropriate for single designers, not project leaders-->
|national origin= [[Brazil]]
| first_flight = 1999<!--if it hasn't happened, leave it out!-->
|manufacturer = [[Embraer]]
| introduction = 2001
|designer = <!--only appropriate for single designers, not project leaders-->
| retired = <!--date the aircraft left military or revenue service. If vague or multiples, it probably should be skipped-->
|first flight = 1999<!--if it hasn't happened, leave it out!-->
| status = Active in service<!--in most cases, this field is redundant; use it sparingly-->
|introduction = 1999<!--date the aircraft entered or will enter military or revenue service-->
| primary_user = [[Brazilian Air Force]] (E-99M/R-99)<!--please list only one, and don't use those tiny flags as they limit horizontal space-->
|retired = <!--date the aircraft left military or revenue service. If vague or multiples, it probably should be skipped-->
| more_users = [[Hellenic Air Force]] (R-99A) <br />[[Mexican Air Force]] (R-99A/P-99) <br />[[Indian Air Force]] ([[DRDO AEW&CS|Netra AEW&CS]])<!--limited to three "more users" total. please separate with <br />-->
|status = Active<!--in most cases, this field is redundant; use it sparingly-->
| produced = 1999–present<!--years in production, e.g. 1970–1999, if still in active use but no longer built-->
|primary user = [[Brazilian Air Force]] (R-99A/B)<!--please list only one, and don't use those tiny flags as they limit horizontal space-->
| number_built = 6 (EMB-145-SA) <br />3 (EMB-145-RS) <br />2 (EMB-145-MP) <br />4 (EMB-145-H) <br />3 (EMB-145-I)
|more users = [[Hellenic Air Force]] (R-99A)<br/>[[Mexican Air Force]] (R-99A/P-99)<!--limited to three "more users" total. please separate with <br/>-->
| unit cost = ~US$80 million<br />
|produced = 1999–<!--years in production, e.g. 1970-1999, if still in active use but no longer built-->
$2,000/hour (Operational Cost)<ref>[http://www.ecsbdefesa.com.br/defesa/fts/EMBRAER.pdf "Importancia da Embraer no Segmento de Defesa" (in Portuguese.)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426070853/http://www.ecsbdefesa.com.br/defesa/fts/EMBRAER.pdf |date=26 April 2012 }} ''Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora.'' Retrieved: 29 December 2011.</ref>
|number built = 11 ''(2 on order / 7 options)'' (R-99A)<br/>3 (R-99B)<br/>2 (P-99)
| developed_from = [[Embraer ERJ 145 family|Embraer ERJ-145]]<!-- the aircraft which formed the basis for the topic type -->
|unit cost = ~US$80 million<BR>
| developed_into =
$2,000/hour (Operational Cost)<ref>[http://www.ecsbdefesa.com.br/defesa/fts/EMBRAER.pdf "Importancia da Embraer no Segmento de Defesa" (in Portuguese.] ''Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora.'' Retrieved: 29 December 2011.</ref>
|developed from = [[Embraer ERJ 145 family|Embraer ERJ-145]]<!-- the aircraft which formed the basis for the topic type -->
|developed into =
}}
}}
|}


The '''Embraer R-99''' is the Brazilian Air Force military designation of the [[Embraer ERJ 145 family|ERJ 145]] civil [[regional jet]]. The R-99 series are equipped with [[Rolls-Royce plc|Rolls-Royce]] [[Rolls-Royce AE 3007|AE 3007]] turbofan engines. The military versions provide 20% more thrust than the civil version.{{cn|date=July 2016}} The first flight was in [[1999 in aviation|1999]].
The '''Embraer R-99''' is the [[Brazilian Air Force]] (FAB) military designation of the EMB-145-RS. Various models of the aircraft have been produced to perform special mission duties, including the E99 for [[airborne early warning and control]] (AEW&C) missions, the R-99 for [[remote sensing]], and the P-99 for [[maritime patrol]].


Development of the R-99 began during the 1990s in response to a FAB requirement for an [[airborne early warning and control]] (AEW&C) platform, as well for the export market. The airframe is based on the [[Embraer ERJ 145 family|ERJ 145]] civil [[regional jet]] and modified with specialised mission equipment based on the mission role desired. It is typically powered by a pair of [[Rolls-Royce plc|Rolls-Royce]] [[Rolls-Royce AE 3007|AE1 3007]] turbofan engines; the military versions provide 20% more thrust than the civil version.<ref>{{Cite web |url = https://aircrafttotaal.nl/embraer-aew-145.html |title = Embraer AEW 145 |access-date = 1 February 2020 |archive-date = 1 February 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200201183004/https://aircrafttotaal.nl/embraer-aew-145.html |url-status = dead }}</ref> The [[maiden flight]] of the R-99 took place in 1999; it entered operational service with the FAB two years later.
==Variants==


Export customers for the type include the [[Hellenic Air Force]], [[Mexican Air Force]], and the [[Indian Air Force]]. Some customers have opted to buy the airframe and separately outfit it with their own electronics packages. It has been deployed in response to various events, including the [[Shining Path]] hostage crisis, the loss of [[Air France Flight 447]], the [[2011 military intervention in Libya]], and the [[Amazon Surveillance System|SIVAM]] program. During the 2010s, the FAB opted to modernise their R-99 fleet, not only extending its service life but also giving it new capabilities, such as a longer effective radar range and [[datalink]] facilities. Embraer has proposed new variants of the type, such as the armed ''P-99'' [[anti-submarine warfare]] (ASW), which is to be capable of using both [[torpedo]]es and [[anti-ship missile]]s.
The '''R-99A'''/'''E-99'''/'''EMB 145 AEW&C''' is an [[Airborne early warning and control]] aircraft, equipped with the [[Erieye]] [[active electronically scanned array]] [[radar]] from [[Saab Microwave Systems]] (formerly Ericsson Microwave Systems) of [[Sweden]]. The [[Brazilian Air Force|FAB]] claims that it has 95% of the capability of the larger [[Airborne Early Warning and Control|AWACS]] aircraft which are in service in the [[air force]]s of other nations. In 2008 the FAB redesignated the R-99A as the E-99, the factory name for the Embraer EMB-145SA (Surveillance Aircraft), a special military conversion of the passenger version of the Embraer ERJ-145LR.


== Variants ==
The '''R-99B'''/'''R-99'''/'''EMB 145 MULTI INTEL''' is a [[remote sensing]] aircraft. It employs a [[synthetic aperture radar]], combination electro-optical and [[FLIR]] systems as well as a multi-spectral scanner. The aircraft also possesses signal intelligence and C3I capabilities. In 2008 the FAB redesignated the R-99B as the R-99, for the Embraer EMB-145RS (Remote Sensing), a special military conversion of the passenger version of the Embraer ERJ-145LR.


The ''R-99A/E-99/EMB 145 AEW&C'' is an [[airborne early warning and control]] (AEW&C) aircraft, equipped with the [[Erieye]] [[active electronically scanned array]] [[radar]] from [[Saab Microwave Systems]]. During the aircraft's development, particular attention was paid to market interest as well the specific requirements of the [[Brazilian Air Force]] (FAB).<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.flightglobal.com/embraer-to-roll-out-aircraft-for-amazon-surveillance/26115.article |title = Embraer to roll out aircraft for Amazon surveillance |date = 5 May 1999 |first = Paul |last = Lewis}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.flightglobal.com/embraer-sees-aew-and-c-market-potential/30964.article |title = Embraer sees AEW & C market potential |publisher = flightglobal.com |first = Alan |last = Dron |date = 25 February 2000}}</ref> The FAB have claimed that R-99 has 95% of the capability of larger AEW&C aircraft which are in service in the air forces of other nations.{{CN|date=July 2023}} During 2008, the FAB redesignated the R-99A as the E-99, the factory name for the Embraer EMB-145SA (Surveillance Aircraft), a special military conversion of the passenger version of the Embraer ERJ-145LR.
The '''EMB 145 MP''' is the maritime patrol version of the R-99. It shares much of the same sensor suite as the R-99B, but most visibly, lacks the multi-spectral scanner and the side-looking radar. It retains many of the [[C4ISTAR|C3I]] and [[ELINT]] capabilities of the R-99B. [[Mexico]] was the launch customer for this variant.


The ''R-99B/R-99/EMB 145 MULTI INTEL'' is a [[remote sensing]] aircraft. It employs a [[synthetic aperture radar]], combination electro-optical and [[FLIR]] systems as well as a multi-spectral scanner. The aircraft also possesses signal intelligence and C3I capabilities. During 2008, the FAB redesignated the R-99B as the R-99, for the Embraer EMB-145RS (Remote Sensing), a special military conversion of the passenger version of the Embraer ERJ-145LR.
The '''P-99'''/ would be the [[Anti-submarine_warfare|ASW]] modification of the '''EMB 145 MP''' and would have four underwing [[hardpoint]]s, which could be mounted with a variety of [[torpedo]]es and/or anti-ship missiles. No prototype with those modifications have flown yet.


The ''EMB 145 MP'' is the maritime patrol version of the EMB-145. It shares much of the same sensor suite as the R-99B, but most visibly, lacks the multi-spectral scanner and the side-looking radar. It retains many of the [[C4ISTAR|C3I]] and [[ELINT]] capabilities of the EMB-145-RS.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.flightglobal.com/embraer-to-develop-armed-rj-145-jet/28498.article |title = Embraer to develop armed RJ-145 jet |publisher = flightglobal.com |date = 15 September 1999 |first = Paul |last = Lewis}}</ref> [[Mexico]] was the launch customer for this variant.<ref name = "mexico official2001"/><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.flightglobal.com/mexico-looks-to-embraer-to-fill-aew-order/31530.article |title = Mexico looks to Embraer to fill AEW order |publisher = flightglobal.com |date = 4 April 2000}}</ref>
In [[Brazil]]ian service, the E-99 and R-99 are based in [[Anapolis AFB, Brazil|Anapolis AFB]]. Five E-99s and three R-99s are operated by the Air Force as part of the [[Amazon Surveillance System|SIVAM]] program.


The ''P-99'' would be the [[anti-submarine warfare]] (ASW) modification of the ''EMB 145 MP'' and would have four underwing [[hardpoint]]s, which could be mounted with a variety of [[torpedo]]es and/or [[anti-ship missile]]s. No prototype with those modifications was ever flown.
==Operational history==
A Greek EMB-145-H was deployed to perform AEW missions as part of the enforcement of no-fly zone over [[2011 Libyan Civil War|Libyan Civil War]] (2011).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://greece.greekreporter.com/2011/03/21/greeces-participation-in-operation-against-libya-costs-1-million-euros-daily/|title=Greece’s Participation in Operation against Libya Costs 1 Million Euros Daily|author=A. Makris|date=21 March 2011|publisher=|accessdate=1 February 2016}}</ref>


During June 2019, it was announced that Embraer had partnered with the [[Israel]]i defense electronics company [[Elta Systems]] to develop the ''P600 AEW'', which will be initially based on the [[Embraer Praetor 600]] super-midsize business jet.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.flightglobal.com/business-aviation/paris-embraer-and-elta-team-on-p600-aew-aircraft/133164.article |title = PARIS: Embraer and Elta team on P600 AEW aircraft |publisher = flightglobal.com |first = Dominic |last = Perry |date = 18 June 2019}}</ref> In December 2020, an Embraer spokesperson stated that the P600 AEW system is likely to eventually replace the E-99 AEW; however, the Brazilian Air Force has currently committed itself to the moderization of its existing E-99 fleet, thus it is likely that the E-99M will be in service for a long time, while there were no orders placed for the P600.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.aviacionline.com/2020/12/embraer-iai-elta-praetor-p600-aew-large-capacities-in-a-small-package/ |title = Embraer / IAI-Elta Praetor P600 AEW: large capacities in a small package |date = 14 December 2020 |archive-url = https://archive.today/20210905211836/https://www.aviacionline.com/2020/12/embraer-iai-elta-praetor-p600-aew-large-capacities-in-a-small-package/ |archive-date = 5 September 2021 |url-status = live |access-date = 6 September 2021 }}</ref>
==Operators==

== Operational history ==
During September 2003, a Brazilian R-99 was deployed on request of [[Peru]]vian authorities to locate the site where 71 hostages were being kept by the armed group [[Shining Path]]. The aircraft detected the origin of [[VHF]] signals, and thus aided the Peruvian authorities in the recovery of the hostages.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/brasil/fc2109200326.htm |title = Jato da FAB ajuda a libertar reféns no Peru |author = Folha de S. Paulo |date = 21 September 2003 |access-date = 7 November 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.fab.mil.br/noticias/imprime/22972/ |title = Esquadrão responsável pela vigilância da Amazônia completa 40 mil horas de voo |date = 17 September 2015 |access-date = 7 November 2021 }}</ref>

On 1 June 2009, a R-99 was deployed on the search for the missing [[Air France Flight 447]]. The fact is reported as the first real mission of a Brazilian R-99 on maritime search. The R-99 synthetic-aperture radar allowed to locate — even at night and under bad weather conditions — aircraft's debris and victims bodies 800&nbsp;km away from [[Fernando de Noronha]] Archipelago. Various pieces of debris from the lost [[Airbus A330-200]], the largest being the [[empennage]] and a [[galley (kitchen)|galley]], were located by the R-99.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://marte.sid.inpe.br/col/dpi.inpe.br/marte/2011/06.27.19.58/doc/p0136.pdf |title = Utilização do Radar de Abertura Sintética da aeronave R-99 na busca marítima dos destroços do voo Air France 447 |first1 = Carlos |last1 = Alberto |first2 = Branco |last2 = Marinho |date = 5 May 2011 |access-date = 7 November 2021 }}</ref><ref name="BBCConfirm">{{cite news |date = 2 June 2009 |title = Ocean search finds plane debris |publisher = BBC News |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8080290.stm |url-status = live |access-date = 2 June 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090603011653/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8080290.stm |archive-date = 3 June 2009}}</ref>

During early 2011, a Greek EMB-145-H was deployed to perform AEW missions as part of the [[2011 military intervention in Libya]], specifically in the enforcement of a [[no-fly zone]] over Libya, in response to the [[2011 Libyan Civil War|Libyan Civil War]].<ref name="ekathimerini1">{{cite web |url = http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_wsite1_6365_22/03/2011_384167 |title = Greece Will Not Be Neutral on Libya, PM Says |publisher = ekathimerini.com |date = 22 March 2011 |access-date = 22 March 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110501023240/http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_wsite1_6365_22/03/2011_384167 |archive-date = 1 May 2011 |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://greece.greekreporter.com/2011/03/21/greeces-participation-in-operation-against-libya-costs-1-million-euros-daily/ |title = Greece's Participation in Operation against Libya Costs 1 Million Euros Daily |first = A. |last = Makris |date = 21 March 2011 |access-date = 1 February 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160201201747/http://greece.greekreporter.com/2011/03/21/greeces-participation-in-operation-against-libya-costs-1-million-euros-daily/ |archive-date = 1 February 2016 |url-status = live}}</ref>

The [[Indian Air Force]] has procured an initial three aircraft, which have been outfitted in India with an AESA radar array developed by the [[Electronics and Radar Development Establishment]] along with a [[datalink]], [[identification friend or foe]] (IFF), [[radar warning receiver]] (RWR), and other systems. The first aircraft was delivered from Brazil on 16 August 2012 while the second followed in December 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.flightglobal.com/embraer-deepens-ties-with-india-defence-market/98490.article |title = Embraer deepens ties with India defence market |publisher = flightglobal.com |first = Stephen |last = Trimble |date = 21 February 2011}}</ref><ref name = "india defupdate2012/><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.flightglobal.com/embraer-flight-testing-indias-last-aew-emb-145/109095.article |title = Embraer flight-testing India's last AEW EMB-145 |publisher = flightglobal.com |first = Dave |last = Majumdar |date = 15 March 2013}}</ref> The Air Force has the option to purchase another seven aircraft.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/in-focus-embraer-defence-unit-to-build-on-billion-dollar-2012-375631/ |title = Embraer defence unit to build on billion-dollar 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120825084123/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/in-focus-embraer-defence-unit-to-build-on-billion-dollar-2012-375631/ |archive-date = 25 August 2012 |publisher = Flight Global |date = 20 August 2012 |access-date = 20 August 2012}}</ref> Following a long "technology absorption" process, Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) has been selected as the Engineering and Life Support Agency (ELSA) for India's DRDO's (Defence Research and Development Organisation) EMB-145i AEW&C mission systems, while Embraer will be responsible for supporting the aircraft. The platform is in service with No. 200 Squadron IAF, based at [[Bathinda Airport|Bathinda AFS]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Database/Units/200+Sqn | title=No.200 Squadron, Indian Air Force - Database }}</ref>

In [[Brazil]]ian service, the E-99 and R-99 are based in [[Anápolis Air Force Base|Anapolis AFB]]. Five E-99s and three R-99s are operated by the Brazilian Air Force as part of the [[Amazon Surveillance System|SIVAM]] program.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.australiandefence.com.au/defence/air/embraer-launches-p600-aew-platform |title = Embraer launches P600 AEW platform |publisher = australiandefence.com.au |first = Nigel |last = Pittaway |date = 27 June 2019}}</ref> Starting in 2013, these E-99s have undergone a modernization program that involved the updating of all onboard electronics, including a new Erieye-ER (extended range) radar, the same used on [[GlobalEye]] Detection range increased from 450&nbsp;km to 723 km in the E99M version.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.flightglobal.com/brazil-signs-aew-modernisation-deal/108379.article |title = Brazil signs AEW modernisation deal |publisher = flightglobal.com |date = 9 January 2013}}</ref> The range of targets that can be detected ranges from vessels and large aircraft to watercraft, rubber dinghies and vehicles, as well as hovering helicopters.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.airway.com.br/aviao-radar-e-99m-modernizado-da-fab-completa-primeiro-voo/ |title = "Avião-radar" E-99M modernizado da FAB completa primeiro voo |date = 20 August 2019 }}</ref> The first E-99M ("M" stands for modernized) was handed over to Brazilian Air Force on 27 November 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://forcaaerea.com.br/embraer-entrega-o-primeiro-e-99m_atualizado/ |title = Embraer entrega o primeiro E-99M |date = 28 November 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WfCu9NfOmdQ |title = FAB recebe primeira aeronave E-99M modernizada |website = [[YouTube]] |date = 28 November 2020 }}</ref>

During 2022, during the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine]], Hellenic EMB-145H's flew several daily combat missions, monitoring [[NATO]] allied airspace over [[Romania]] and [[Bulgaria]] while covering part of the [[Black Sea]].{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

== Operators ==
;{{BRA}}
;{{BRA}}
* [[Brazilian Air Force]] – 5 E-99s (will undergo modernization to E-99M),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.embraer.com.br/en-us/imprensaeventos/press-releases/noticias/pages/embraer-defesa-e-seguranca-modernizara-aeronaves-de-vigilancia-da-forca-aerea-brasileira.aspx|title=Embraer Defense and Security to modernize surveillance aircraft for the Brazilian Air Force|publisher=|accessdate=1 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/world-cup-overwatch-brazils-aewc-modernization-09151/|title=World Cup Overwatch: Brazil’s AEW&C Modernization|date=22 January 2013|work=Defense Industry Daily|accessdate=1 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.cision.com/saab/r/saab-receives-order-for-upgrade-of-mission-system-erieye-for-brazil,c9378232|title=Saab receives order for upgrade of mission system Erieye for Brazil|work=News Powered by Cision|accessdate=1 February 2016}}</ref> 3 R-99s
* [[Brazilian Air Force]] – 5 E-99s (undergoing modernization to E-99M, first delivery of which expected in the first half of 2020),<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.embraer.com.br/en-us/imprensaeventos/press-releases/noticias/pages/embraer-defesa-e-seguranca-modernizara-aeronaves-de-vigilancia-da-forca-aerea-brasileira.aspx |title = Embraer Defense and Security to modernize surveillance aircraft for the Brazilian Air Force |access-date = 1 February 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160307191646/http://embraer.com.br/en-us/imprensaeventos/press-releases/noticias/pages/embraer-defesa-e-seguranca-modernizara-aeronaves-de-vigilancia-da-forca-aerea-brasileira.aspx |archive-date = 7 March 2016 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/world-cup-overwatch-brazils-aewc-modernization-09151/ |title = World Cup Overwatch: Brazil's AEW&C Modernization |date = 22 January 2013 |work = Defense Industry Daily |access-date = 1 February 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160202022234/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/world-cup-overwatch-brazils-aewc-modernization-09151/ |archive-date = 2 February 2016 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://news.cision.com/saab/r/saab-receives-order-for-upgrade-of-mission-system-erieye-for-brazil,c9378232 |title = Saab receives order for upgrade of mission system Erieye for Brazil |work = News Powered by Cision |date = 28 February 2013 |access-date = 1 February 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160223065035/http://news.cision.com/saab/r/saab-receives-order-for-upgrade-of-mission-system-erieye-for-brazil,c9378232 |archive-date = 23 February 2016 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1 = Barreira |first1 = Victor |title = Brazil seeks first modernised AEW&C aircraft in 2020 |url = https://www.janes.com/article/88475/brazil-seeks-first-modernised-aew-c-aircraft-in-2020 |website = Jane's 360 |access-date = 14 May 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190513184615/https://www.janes.com/article/88475/brazil-seeks-first-modernised-aew-c-aircraft-in-2020 |archive-date = 13 May 2019 |location = Rio de Janeiro |date = 13 May 2019 |url-status = live }}</ref> 3 R-99s. On 27 November 2020, the FAB received the first modernized E-99 in a ceremony held at the Embraer facility in Gavião Peixoto (São Paulo, Brazil)<ref>{{cite web |url = https://embraer.com/global/en/news?slug=1206812-embraer-delivers-the-first-modernized-e-99-jet-to-the-brazilian-air-force |title = Embraer delivers the first modernized E-99 jet to Brazilian Air Force |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201127184337/https://embraer.com/global/en/news?slug=1206812-embraer-delivers-the-first-modernized-e-99-jet-to-the-brazilian-air-force |archive-date = 27 November 2020 |url-status = live}}</ref>
;{{GRE}}
;{{GRE}}
* [[Hellenic Air Force]] – 4 EMB-145-H (HAF designation is "Erieye EMB-145H AEW&C")<ref>Hellenic Air Force: [http://www.haf.gr/en/mission/weapons/emb-145.asp Embraer EMB-145H AEW&C]</ref>
* [[Hellenic Air Force]] – 4 EMB-145-H (HAF designation is "Erieye EMB-145H AEW&C")<ref>{{cite web |publisher = Hellenic Air Force |url = http://www.haf.gr/en/mission/weapons/emb-145.asp |title = Embraer EMB-145H AEW&C |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090428095322/http://www.haf.gr/en/mission/weapons/emb-145.asp |archive-date = 28 April 2009 }}</ref>
;{{MEX}}
;{{MEX}}
* [[Mexican Air Force]] – 1 EMB-145-SA (FAM designation EMB-145AEW&C), 2 EMB-145-MP's <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spyflight.co.uk/emb145.htm|title=Embraer EMB-145 SA/RS (R-99A/B)|publisher=|accessdate=1 February 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.embraer.com/english/content/imprensa/press_releases_detalhe.asp?id=72 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-11-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304120449/http://www1.embraer.com/english/content/imprensa/press_releases_detalhe.asp?id=72 |archivedate=2016-03-04 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.embraer.com/english/content/imprensa/press_releases_detalhe.asp?id=527 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-11-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730041550/http://www1.embraer.com/english/content/imprensa/press_releases_detalhe.asp?id=527 |archivedate=2016-07-30 |df= }}</ref>
* [[Mexican Air Force]] – 1 EMB-145-SA (FAM designation EMB-145AEW&C), 2 EMB-145-MP <ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.spyflight.co.uk/emb145.htm |title = Embraer EMB-145 SA/RS (R-99A/B) |access-date = 1 February 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305022809/http://www.spyflight.co.uk/emb145.htm |archive-date = 5 March 2016 |url-status = dead}}</ref><ref name = "mexico official2001">{{cite web |url = http://www1.embraer.com/english/content/imprensa/press_releases_detalhe.asp?id=72 |title = EMBRAER airplanes chosen by Mexico for surveillance program |publisher = Embraer S.A. |access-date = 7 November 2015 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304120449/http://www1.embraer.com/english/content/imprensa/press_releases_detalhe.asp?id=72 |archive-date = 4 March 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www1.embraer.com/english/content/imprensa/press_releases_detalhe.asp?id=527 |title = EMBRAER TO EXHIBIT AT AUSA WINTER MEETING |publisher = Embraer S.A. |access-date = 7 November 2015 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160730041550/http://www1.embraer.com/english/content/imprensa/press_releases_detalhe.asp?id=527 |archive-date = 30 July 2016 }}</ref>
;{{IND}}
;{{IND}}
*[[Indian Air Force]] –Platform Only- 3 EMB-145I to be fitted Indian w/LRDE developed AESA radar array, datalinks, IFF, RWR, MWR. First aircraft delivered from Brazil on 16 August 2012, the second in December 2012.<ref>Eshel, Tamir. [http://defense-update.com/20120816_emb145aew_india.html "India Receives First EMB-145 AEW&C Aircraft."] ''Defense Update'', 16 August 2012.</ref> The Air Force has option to buy another seven aircraft.<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/in-focus-embraer-defence-unit-to-build-on-billion-dollar-2012-375631/ "Embraer defence unit to build on billion-dollar 2012".] ''Flight Global, '' 20 August 2012. Retrieved: 20 August 2012.</ref> Following a long “technology absorption” process, Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) has been selected as the Engineering and Life Support Agency (ELSA) for India's DRDO’s (Defence Research and Development Organisation) EMB-145i AEW&C mission systems, while Embraer will be responsible for supporting the aircraft.
* [[Indian Air Force]] – Platform Only - 3 EMB-145-I were fitted with an Indian-developed AESA radar array along with other apparatus.<ref name = "india defupdate2012>{{cite web |last = Eshel |first = Tamir |url = http://defense-update.com/20120816_emb145aew_india.html |title = India Receives First EMB-145 AEW&C Aircraft |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120817234436/http://defense-update.com/20120816_emb145aew_india.html |archive-date = 17 August 2012 |publisher = Defense Update |date = 16 August 2012}}</ref> Operated as [[DRDO AEW&CS|DRDO Netra AEW&CS]] with an additional 12 planned .

==Specifications (ERJ 140)==
[[File:A2805-Brazil-R99B-6750-RIAT2013.JPG|R-99B in 2013|thumb|right]]
[[File:Cabine do avião R99.jpg|thumb|right|Cockpit of a R-99 airplane of the [[Brazilian Air Force]]]]
{{aircraft specifications
|plane or copter?=plane<!-- options: plane/copter -->
|jet or prop?=jet<!-- options: jet/prop/both/neither -->
|ref=Suppositions according to EMB 145 family specifications.{{citation needed|date=July 2007}}
|crew=3; pilot, co-pilot, flight attendant
|capacity=44 passengers
|payload main=
|payload alt=
|length main= 28.45 m
|length alt=93 ft 4 in
|span main=20.04 m
|span alt=65 ft 9 in
|height main=6.76 m
|height alt=22 ft 2 in
|area main= 51.2 m²
|area alt= 551 ft²
|airfoil=
|empty weight main= 11,740 kg
|empty weight alt= 25,900 lb
|loaded weight main= 17,100 kg
|loaded weight alt= 37,700 lb
|useful load main=
|useful load alt=
|max takeoff weight main= 21,100 kg
|max takeoff weight alt= 46,500 lb
|more general=
|engine (jet)=<!-- engine name, preferable wikilinked -->[[Rolls-Royce AE 3007]]A
|type of jet=turbofan
|number of jets=2
|thrust main= 33.0 kN
|thrust alt= 7,420 [[pound-force|lb<sub>f</sub>]]
|thrust original=
|afterburning thrust main=
|afterburning thrust alt=
|max speed main=834+ km/h
|max speed alt= 518+ mph, Mach 0.78+
|cruise speed main=
|cruise speed alt=
|stall speed main=
|stall speed alt=
|never exceed speed main=
|never exceed speed alt=
|range main= 3,019 km + internal tanks
|range alt=1,876 miles + internal tanks
|ceiling main= 11,278+ m
|ceiling alt= 37,000+ ft
|climb rate main=780+ m/min
|climb rate alt= 2,560+ ft/min
|loading main= 334+ kg/m²
|loading alt=68+ lb/ft²
|thrust/weight=
|power/mass main=
|power/mass alt=
|more performance=
|armament=
|avionics=
}}


==Gallery==
== Gallery ==
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:EMB-145 FAM.jpg|An Embraer EMB-145-SA AEW&C of the [[Mexican Air Force]] at Santa Lucia AFB.
File:EMB-145 FAM.jpg|An Embraer EMB-145-SA AEW&C of the [[Mexican Air Force]] at Santa Lucia AFB.
File:20061111-LGEL-EMB145H-SXBKO.jpg|An Embraer EMB-145H AEW&C of the [[Hellenic Air Force]] during delivery tests at Elefsis AB, Greece.
File:20061111-LGEL-EMB145H-SXBKO.jpg|An Embraer EMB-145H AEW&C of the [[Hellenic Air Force]] during delivery tests at Elefsis AB, [[Greece]].
File:R-99a-fab6704.jpg|An Embraer EMB-145-SA, R-99A (Brazilian Air Force designation) of the [[Brazilian Air Force]] on display at [[RAF Fairford]], England, during an airshow.
File:R-99a-fab6704.jpg|An Embraer EMB-145-SA, E-99 (Brazilian Air Force designation) of the [[Brazilian Air Force]] on display at [[RAF Fairford]], [[England]], during an [[Air show|airshow]].
File:Embraer R-99A.jpg|Embraer EMB-145-H AEW&C during trials in Halmstad, Sweden, before delivery to the [[Hellenic Air Force]].
File:Embraer R-99A.jpg|Embraer EMB-145-H AEW&C during trials in [[Halmstad]], [[Sweden]], before delivery to the [[Hellenic Air Force]].
File:Embraer R-99 6750 (9505743118).jpg|EMB-145-RS (R-99) in 2013
File:Cabine do avião R99.jpg|Cockpit of a R-99 airplane of the [[Brazilian Air Force]]
</gallery>
</gallery>


==See also==
== See also ==
{{Portal|Aviation|Brazil}}
{{Portal|Aviation|Brazil}}
{{aircontent|
{{aircontent
|related=
|related=
* [[Embraer ERJ 145 family]]
* [[Embraer ERJ 145 family]]
*[[DRDO AEW&CS]]
|similar aircraft=
|similar aircraft=
* [[DRDO AEW&CS]]
|sequence=
* [[Dassault Falcon 7X|Dassault Falcon 8X ARCHANGE]]
* [[Raytheon Sentinel]]
* [[Saab Group|Saab]] [[GlobalEye]]
* [[Gulfstream G550]] CAEW Eitam
* [[KJ-200]]
|lists=
|lists=
|see also =
|see also =
}}
}}


==References==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
== External links ==
{{commons category|Embraer R-99A Erieye}}
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071030053423/http://www.embraercommercialjets.com/english/content/home_erj/ ERJ Family official site]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071030053423/http://www.embraercommercialjets.com/english/content/home_erj/ ERJ Family official site]


{{Embraer}}
{{Embraer}}
{{FAB aircraft designations}}


[[Category:AWACS aircraft]]
[[Category:AWACS aircraft]]
[[Category:Brazilian electronic warfare aircraft 1990–1999]]
[[Category:1990s Brazilian electronic warfare aircraft]]
[[Category:Embraer aircraft]]
[[Category:Embraer aircraft]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
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[[Category:Twinjets]]
[[Category:Twinjets]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1999]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1999]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear]]

Latest revision as of 04:02, 11 December 2024

E-99/P-99/R-99
Brazilian Air Force E-99
General information
TypeAirborne early warning and control (AEW&C) (E-99)
Remote sensing (R-99)
Maritime patrol (P-99)
National originBrazil
ManufacturerEmbraer
StatusActive in service
Primary usersBrazilian Air Force (E-99M/R-99)
Number built6 (EMB-145-SA)
3 (EMB-145-RS)
2 (EMB-145-MP)
4 (EMB-145-H)
3 (EMB-145-I)
History
Manufactured1999–present
Introduction date2001
First flight1999
Developed fromEmbraer ERJ-145

The Embraer R-99 is the Brazilian Air Force (FAB) military designation of the EMB-145-RS. Various models of the aircraft have been produced to perform special mission duties, including the E99 for airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) missions, the R-99 for remote sensing, and the P-99 for maritime patrol.

Development of the R-99 began during the 1990s in response to a FAB requirement for an airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) platform, as well for the export market. The airframe is based on the ERJ 145 civil regional jet and modified with specialised mission equipment based on the mission role desired. It is typically powered by a pair of Rolls-Royce AE1 3007 turbofan engines; the military versions provide 20% more thrust than the civil version.[1] The maiden flight of the R-99 took place in 1999; it entered operational service with the FAB two years later.

Export customers for the type include the Hellenic Air Force, Mexican Air Force, and the Indian Air Force. Some customers have opted to buy the airframe and separately outfit it with their own electronics packages. It has been deployed in response to various events, including the Shining Path hostage crisis, the loss of Air France Flight 447, the 2011 military intervention in Libya, and the SIVAM program. During the 2010s, the FAB opted to modernise their R-99 fleet, not only extending its service life but also giving it new capabilities, such as a longer effective radar range and datalink facilities. Embraer has proposed new variants of the type, such as the armed P-99 anti-submarine warfare (ASW), which is to be capable of using both torpedoes and anti-ship missiles.

Variants

[edit]

The R-99A/E-99/EMB 145 AEW&C is an airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) aircraft, equipped with the Erieye active electronically scanned array radar from Saab Microwave Systems. During the aircraft's development, particular attention was paid to market interest as well the specific requirements of the Brazilian Air Force (FAB).[2][3] The FAB have claimed that R-99 has 95% of the capability of larger AEW&C aircraft which are in service in the air forces of other nations.[citation needed] During 2008, the FAB redesignated the R-99A as the E-99, the factory name for the Embraer EMB-145SA (Surveillance Aircraft), a special military conversion of the passenger version of the Embraer ERJ-145LR.

The R-99B/R-99/EMB 145 MULTI INTEL is a remote sensing aircraft. It employs a synthetic aperture radar, combination electro-optical and FLIR systems as well as a multi-spectral scanner. The aircraft also possesses signal intelligence and C3I capabilities. During 2008, the FAB redesignated the R-99B as the R-99, for the Embraer EMB-145RS (Remote Sensing), a special military conversion of the passenger version of the Embraer ERJ-145LR.

The EMB 145 MP is the maritime patrol version of the EMB-145. It shares much of the same sensor suite as the R-99B, but most visibly, lacks the multi-spectral scanner and the side-looking radar. It retains many of the C3I and ELINT capabilities of the EMB-145-RS.[4] Mexico was the launch customer for this variant.[5][6]

The P-99 would be the anti-submarine warfare (ASW) modification of the EMB 145 MP and would have four underwing hardpoints, which could be mounted with a variety of torpedoes and/or anti-ship missiles. No prototype with those modifications was ever flown.

During June 2019, it was announced that Embraer had partnered with the Israeli defense electronics company Elta Systems to develop the P600 AEW, which will be initially based on the Embraer Praetor 600 super-midsize business jet.[7] In December 2020, an Embraer spokesperson stated that the P600 AEW system is likely to eventually replace the E-99 AEW; however, the Brazilian Air Force has currently committed itself to the moderization of its existing E-99 fleet, thus it is likely that the E-99M will be in service for a long time, while there were no orders placed for the P600.[8]

Operational history

[edit]

During September 2003, a Brazilian R-99 was deployed on request of Peruvian authorities to locate the site where 71 hostages were being kept by the armed group Shining Path. The aircraft detected the origin of VHF signals, and thus aided the Peruvian authorities in the recovery of the hostages.[9][10]

On 1 June 2009, a R-99 was deployed on the search for the missing Air France Flight 447. The fact is reported as the first real mission of a Brazilian R-99 on maritime search. The R-99 synthetic-aperture radar allowed to locate — even at night and under bad weather conditions — aircraft's debris and victims bodies 800 km away from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Various pieces of debris from the lost Airbus A330-200, the largest being the empennage and a galley, were located by the R-99.[11][12]

During early 2011, a Greek EMB-145-H was deployed to perform AEW missions as part of the 2011 military intervention in Libya, specifically in the enforcement of a no-fly zone over Libya, in response to the Libyan Civil War.[13][14]

The Indian Air Force has procured an initial three aircraft, which have been outfitted in India with an AESA radar array developed by the Electronics and Radar Development Establishment along with a datalink, identification friend or foe (IFF), radar warning receiver (RWR), and other systems. The first aircraft was delivered from Brazil on 16 August 2012 while the second followed in December 2012.[15][16][17] The Air Force has the option to purchase another seven aircraft.[18] Following a long "technology absorption" process, Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) has been selected as the Engineering and Life Support Agency (ELSA) for India's DRDO's (Defence Research and Development Organisation) EMB-145i AEW&C mission systems, while Embraer will be responsible for supporting the aircraft. The platform is in service with No. 200 Squadron IAF, based at Bathinda AFS.[19]

In Brazilian service, the E-99 and R-99 are based in Anapolis AFB. Five E-99s and three R-99s are operated by the Brazilian Air Force as part of the SIVAM program.[20] Starting in 2013, these E-99s have undergone a modernization program that involved the updating of all onboard electronics, including a new Erieye-ER (extended range) radar, the same used on GlobalEye Detection range increased from 450 km to 723 km in the E99M version.[21] The range of targets that can be detected ranges from vessels and large aircraft to watercraft, rubber dinghies and vehicles, as well as hovering helicopters.[22] The first E-99M ("M" stands for modernized) was handed over to Brazilian Air Force on 27 November 2020.[23][24]

During 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Hellenic EMB-145H's flew several daily combat missions, monitoring NATO allied airspace over Romania and Bulgaria while covering part of the Black Sea.[citation needed]

Operators

[edit]
 Brazil
  • Brazilian Air Force – 5 E-99s (undergoing modernization to E-99M, first delivery of which expected in the first half of 2020),[25][26][27][28] 3 R-99s. On 27 November 2020, the FAB received the first modernized E-99 in a ceremony held at the Embraer facility in Gavião Peixoto (São Paulo, Brazil)[29]
 Greece
 Mexico
 India
  • Indian Air Force – Platform Only - 3 EMB-145-I were fitted with an Indian-developed AESA radar array along with other apparatus.[16] Operated as DRDO Netra AEW&CS with an additional 12 planned .
[edit]

See also

[edit]

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Embraer AEW 145". Archived from the original on 1 February 2020. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
  2. ^ Lewis, Paul (5 May 1999). "Embraer to roll out aircraft for Amazon surveillance".
  3. ^ Dron, Alan (25 February 2000). "Embraer sees AEW & C market potential". flightglobal.com.
  4. ^ Lewis, Paul (15 September 1999). "Embraer to develop armed RJ-145 jet". flightglobal.com.
  5. ^ a b "EMBRAER airplanes chosen by Mexico for surveillance program". Embraer S.A. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
  6. ^ "Mexico looks to Embraer to fill AEW order". flightglobal.com. 4 April 2000.
  7. ^ Perry, Dominic (18 June 2019). "PARIS: Embraer and Elta team on P600 AEW aircraft". flightglobal.com.
  8. ^ "Embraer / IAI-Elta Praetor P600 AEW: large capacities in a small package". 14 December 2020. Archived from the original on 5 September 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  9. ^ Folha de S. Paulo (21 September 2003). "Jato da FAB ajuda a libertar reféns no Peru". Retrieved 7 November 2021.
  10. ^ "Esquadrão responsável pela vigilância da Amazônia completa 40 mil horas de voo". 17 September 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
  11. ^ Alberto, Carlos; Marinho, Branco (5 May 2011). "Utilização do Radar de Abertura Sintética da aeronave R-99 na busca marítima dos destroços do voo Air France 447" (PDF). Retrieved 7 November 2021.
  12. ^ "Ocean search finds plane debris". BBC News. 2 June 2009. Archived from the original on 3 June 2009. Retrieved 2 June 2009.
  13. ^ "Greece Will Not Be Neutral on Libya, PM Says". ekathimerini.com. 22 March 2011. Archived from the original on 1 May 2011. Retrieved 22 March 2011.
  14. ^ Makris, A. (21 March 2011). "Greece's Participation in Operation against Libya Costs 1 Million Euros Daily". Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
  15. ^ Trimble, Stephen (21 February 2011). "Embraer deepens ties with India defence market". flightglobal.com.
  16. ^ a b Eshel, Tamir (16 August 2012). "India Receives First EMB-145 AEW&C Aircraft". Defense Update. Archived from the original on 17 August 2012.
  17. ^ Majumdar, Dave (15 March 2013). "Embraer flight-testing India's last AEW EMB-145". flightglobal.com.
  18. ^ "Embraer defence unit to build on billion-dollar 2012". Flight Global. 20 August 2012. Archived from the original on 25 August 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  19. ^ "No.200 Squadron, Indian Air Force - Database".
  20. ^ Pittaway, Nigel (27 June 2019). "Embraer launches P600 AEW platform". australiandefence.com.au.
  21. ^ "Brazil signs AEW modernisation deal". flightglobal.com. 9 January 2013.
  22. ^ ""Avião-radar" E-99M modernizado da FAB completa primeiro voo". 20 August 2019.
  23. ^ "Embraer entrega o primeiro E-99M". 28 November 2020.
  24. ^ "FAB recebe primeira aeronave E-99M modernizada". YouTube. 28 November 2020.
  25. ^ "Embraer Defense and Security to modernize surveillance aircraft for the Brazilian Air Force". Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
  26. ^ "World Cup Overwatch: Brazil's AEW&C Modernization". Defense Industry Daily. 22 January 2013. Archived from the original on 2 February 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
  27. ^ "Saab receives order for upgrade of mission system Erieye for Brazil". News Powered by Cision. 28 February 2013. Archived from the original on 23 February 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
  28. ^ Barreira, Victor (13 May 2019). "Brazil seeks first modernised AEW&C aircraft in 2020". Jane's 360. Rio de Janeiro. Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
  29. ^ "Embraer delivers the first modernized E-99 jet to Brazilian Air Force". Archived from the original on 27 November 2020.
  30. ^ "Embraer EMB-145H AEW&C". Hellenic Air Force. Archived from the original on 28 April 2009.
  31. ^ "Embraer EMB-145 SA/RS (R-99A/B)". Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
  32. ^ "EMBRAER TO EXHIBIT AT AUSA WINTER MEETING". Embraer S.A. Archived from the original on 30 July 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
[edit]
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