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{{Infobox diagnostic
| name = Children's Nonverbal Learning Disabilities Scale (C-NLD)
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| pronounce =
| purpose =screens for the symptoms of nonverbal learning disabilities in children
| test of =
| based on =
| synonyms =
| reference_range =
| calculator =
| DiseasesDB = <!--{{DiseasesDB2|numeric_id}}-->
| ICD10 = <!--{{ICD10|Group|Major|minor|LinkGroup|LinkMajor}} or {{ICD10PCS|code|char1/char2/char3/char4}}-->
| ICD9 =
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}}
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The '''Children's Nonverbal Learning Disabilities Scale''' ('''C-NLD''') is an assessment that screens for the symptoms for [[nonverbal learning disorder|nonverbal learning disabilities]] in children, which can affect a child's [[visual spatial ability|visual spatial organization]], [[motor skill|motor abilities]], and [[social interactions]].<ref name="Massachusetts General Hospital">Massachusetts General Hospital, School Psychiatry Program and MADI Resource Center (2010). Table of all screening tools and rating scales. Retrieved from {{cite web |url=http://www2.massgeneral.org/schoolpsychiatry/screeningtools_table.asp |title=Screening Tools & Rating Scales - the School Psychiatry Program and Mood & Anxiety Disorders Institute Resource Center Massachusetts General Hospital |accessdate=2015-09-14 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927153032/http://www2.massgeneral.org/schoolpsychiatry/screeningtools_table.asp |archivedate=2015-09-27 }}</ref> All questions in the assessment are categorized in three headings: motor skills, visual-spatial skills, and interpersonal skills.


The C-NLD is a 15 question measure intended to be filled out by the parent or guardian of the child. Each of the 15 questions are answered based on a four-option [[Likert scale]], containing "Never/Rarely", "Sometimes", "Often/Always", and "I don't know" answer choices. The scale contains three sections; the first section is designed to assess motor skills consists of 4 questions, the second section is designed to assess visual-spatial skills consists of 7 questions, and the last section assesses interpersonal skills and consists of 4 questions.<ref name="Rourke">Rourke, B. P. (1994). Neuropsychological Assessment of Children with Learning Disabilities: Measurement Issues. In G. Reid Lyons (ed.), ''Frames of Reference for the Assessment of Learning Disabilities: New Views on Measurement Issues''. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brooks. {{isbn|9781557661388}}</ref>


⚫
The '''Children's Nonverbal Learning Disabilities Scale (C-NLD)''' is an assessment that screens for the symptoms for [[nonverbal learning disorder|nonverbal learning disabilities]] in children, which can affect a child's [[visual spatial ability|visual spatial organization]], [[motor skill|motor abilities]], and [[social interactions]].<ref>Massachusetts General Hospital, School Psychiatry Program and MADI Resource Center (2010). Table of all screening tools and rating scales. Retrieved from {{cite web |url=http://www2.massgeneral.org/schoolpsychiatry/screeningtools_table.asp |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-09-14 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927153032/http://www2.massgeneral.org/schoolpsychiatry/screeningtools_table.asp |archivedate=2015-09-27 |df= }}</ref> All questions in the assessment are categorized in three headings: motor skills, visual-spatial skills, and interpersonal skills.

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{{Wikiversity|General Behavior Inventory}}
<!-- linked from redirect [[P-GBI]] -->
<!-- linked from redirect [[P-GBI]] -->
{{psychology sidebar}}
{{psychology sidebar}}

== Versions ==
[[File:General Behavior Inventory Table.png|thumb|General Behavior Inventory Version Development]]


== Psychometric properties ==
== Psychometric properties ==
[[File:GBI PPP GIF file.gif|thumb|This image illustrates the GBI's abilities in the three "P"s: (a) '''P'''redicting a diagnosis or criterion of importance; (b) '''P'''rescribing a specific treatment; and (c) helping us understand developmental '''P'''rocesses.]]


===Reliability===
===Reliability===


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Evaluating scores from the General Behavior Inventory against the EBA [[v:Evidence based assessment/Reliability#Evaluating norms and reliability|rubric for norms and reliability]]
|+ Evaluating scores from the Children's Nonverbal Learning Diasbilites Scale against the EBA [[v:Evidence based assessment/Reliability#Evaluating norms and reliability|rubric for norms and reliability]]<ref name="Massachusetts General Hospital" />
! Criterion !! Rating !! Explanation with references
! Criterion !! Rating !! Explanation with references
|-
|-
| Norms || none available || psycinfo search "reliability" + "nonverbal learning disabilities scales"
| Norms || insert || ref
|-
|-
|Internal consistency || insert || ref
|Internal consistency || none available || psycinfo search "reliability" + "nonverbal learning disabilities scales"
|-
|-
|Inter-rater reliability || insert ||ref
|Inter-rater reliability || none available || psycinfo search "reliability" + "nonverbal learning disabilities scales"
|-
|-
|Test-retest reliability (stability) || insert || red
|Test-retest reliability (stability) || none available || psycinfo search "reliability" + "nonverbal learning disabilities scales"
|-
|-
|Repeatability || insert || ref
|Repeatability || none available || psycinfo search "reliability" + "nonverbal learning disabilities scales"
|}
|}


===Validity===
===Validity===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Evaluation of validity and utility for the xxx
|+ Evaluation of validity and utility for the Children's Nonverbal Learning Diasbilites Scale
! Criterion !! Rating !! Explanation with references
! Criterion !! Rating !! Explanation with references
|-
|-
| Content validity || insert || ref
| Content validity || none available || psycinfo search "validity" + "nonverbal learning disabilities scales"
|-
|-
|Construct validity (e.g., predictive, concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity) || insert || ref
|Construct validity (e.g., predictive, concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity) || none available || psycinfo search "validity" + "nonverbal learning disabilities scales"
|-
|-
|Discriminative validity || insert || ref
|Discriminative validity || none available || psycinfo search "validity" + "nonverbal learning disabilities scales"
|-
|-
|Validity generalization || insert || ref
|Validity generalization || none available || psycinfo search "validity" + "nonverbal learning disabilities scales"
|-
|-
|Treatment sensitivity || insert || ref
|Treatment sensitivity || none available || psycinfo search "validity" + "nonverbal learning disabilities scales"
|-
|-
|Clinical utility || insert || ref
|Clinical utility || none available || psycinfo search "validity" + "nonverbal learning disabilities scales"
|}
|}


== Interpretation ==
== Interpretation ==
⚫
=== GBI Scoring ===


⚫
=== C-NLD Scoring ===
== Limitations ==
Non-verbal learning disorder includes multiple specific symptoms characterized into three specific areas: neuropsychological deficits (deficits with perception, psychomotor coordination, memory, reasoning, and aspects of speech), academic deficits (mathematical reasoning, reading comprehension, and comprehension of written language) and social-emotional/adaptational deficits (social awareness and difficulties in social interactions).<ref name="Rourke" />
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2017}}


The C-NLD works as a primary screening measure, and referral to a neuropsychologist for further testing is advised if the parent C-NLD report indicates "sometimes" or "often" for over half of the items in each of the three sub-sections.<ref name="Rourke" />
== Mechanism ==
{{Multiple issues|section=section|
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2017}}
{{Expand section|date=September 2017|small=no}}
⚫
}}


== Research ==
== See also ==
* [[Autism spectrum|Autism spectrum disorder]]

* [[Nonverbal learning disorder]]
==See also==
*


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|3|refs=
{{reflist|refs=
⚫
<!-- <ref name=MassGenScales>{{cite web |title=Table of all screening tools and rating scales |url=http://www2.massgeneral.org/schoolpsychiatry/screeningtools_table.asp |website=Massachusetts General Hospital: School Psychiatry Program and MADI Resource Center |publisher=Massachusetts General Hospital |accessdate=22 September 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927153032/http://www2.massgeneral.org/schoolpsychiatry/screeningtools_table.asp |archivedate=27 September 2015 }}</ref> -->
<ref name=YoungstromEtAl2005>{{cite journal |last1=Youngstrom |first1=E |last2=Meyers |first2=O |last3=Demeter |first3=C |last4=Youngstrom |first4=J |last5=Morello |first5=L |last6=Piiparinen |first6=R |last7=Feeny |first7=N |last8=Calabrese |first8=JR |last9=Findling |first9=RL |title=Comparing diagnostic checklists for pediatric bipolar disorder in academic and community mental health settings. |journal=Bipolar disorders |date=December 2005 |volume=7 |issue=6 |pages=507–17 |pmid=16403176 |doi=10.1111/j.1399-5618.2005.00269.x}}</ref>
⚫
<ref name=MassGenScales>{{cite web |title=Table of all screening tools and rating scales |url=http://www2.massgeneral.org/schoolpsychiatry/screeningtools_table.asp |website=Massachusetts General Hospital: School Psychiatry Program and MADI Resource Center |publisher=Massachusetts General Hospital |accessdate=22 September 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927153032/http://www2.massgeneral.org/schoolpsychiatry/screeningtools_table.asp |archivedate=27 September 2015 |df= }}</ref>
}}
}}


==External links==
==External links==
⚫
{{Wikiversity|General Behavior Inventory}}
=== GBI form ===
*[http://www.nldline.com/michael_goldstein.htm C-NLDS English]
*[https://cls.unc.edu/files/2014/06/GBI_self_English_v1a.pdf General Behavior Inventory]

=== Practice parameters ===
* {{cite journal |last1=Birmaher |first1=Boris |last2=Brent |first2=David |author3=AACAP Work Group on Quality Issues |date=November 2007 |title=Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Depressive Disorders |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=46 |issue=11 |pages=1503–1526 |doi=10.1097/chi.0b013e318145ae1c |doi-access=free |pmid=18049300 |url=http://www.jaacap.com/article/S0890-8567(09)62053-0/fulltext }}
* {{cite journal |last1=McClellan |first1=Jon |last2=Kowatch |first2=Robert |last3=Findling |first3=Robert L. |author4=Work Group on Quality Issues |date=January 2007 |title=Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with bipolar disorder |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=107–25 |doi=10.1097/01.chi.0000242240.69678.c4 |doi-access=free |pmid=17195735 |url=http://www.jaacap.com/article/S0890-8567(09)61968-7/fulltext }}

=== For youth ===
*[http://effectivechildtherapy.org/content/bipolar-disorder EffectiveChildTherapy.Org page on bipolar disorder symptoms]

=== For adults ===
*[http://www.div12.org/psychological-treatments/disorders/bipolar-disorder/ Bipolar disorder symptoms and treatment]


{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}


[[Category:Screening and assessment tools in child and adolescent psychiatry]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Inventory, General Behavior}}
[[Category:Clinical psychology tests]]
[[Category:Psychological testing]]
[[Category:Psychological tools]]

Latest revision as of 15:58, 30 May 2024

Children's Nonverbal Learning Disabilities Scale (C-NLD)
Purposescreens for the symptoms of nonverbal learning disabilities in children

The Children's Nonverbal Learning Disabilities Scale (C-NLD) is an assessment that screens for the symptoms for nonverbal learning disabilities in children, which can affect a child's visual spatial organization, motor abilities, and social interactions.[1] All questions in the assessment are categorized in three headings: motor skills, visual-spatial skills, and interpersonal skills.

The C-NLD is a 15 question measure intended to be filled out by the parent or guardian of the child. Each of the 15 questions are answered based on a four-option Likert scale, containing "Never/Rarely", "Sometimes", "Often/Always", and "I don't know" answer choices. The scale contains three sections; the first section is designed to assess motor skills consists of 4 questions, the second section is designed to assess visual-spatial skills consists of 7 questions, and the last section assesses interpersonal skills and consists of 4 questions.[2]

Part of a series on
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Basic psychology
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Psychometric properties

[edit]

Reliability

[edit]
Evaluating scores from the Children's Nonverbal Learning Diasbilites Scale against the EBA rubric for norms and reliability[1]
Criterion Rating Explanation with references
Norms none available psycinfo search "reliability" + "nonverbal learning disabilities scales"
Internal consistency none available psycinfo search "reliability" + "nonverbal learning disabilities scales"
Inter-rater reliability none available psycinfo search "reliability" + "nonverbal learning disabilities scales"
Test-retest reliability (stability) none available psycinfo search "reliability" + "nonverbal learning disabilities scales"
Repeatability none available psycinfo search "reliability" + "nonverbal learning disabilities scales"

Validity

[edit]
Evaluation of validity and utility for the Children's Nonverbal Learning Diasbilites Scale
Criterion Rating Explanation with references
Content validity none available psycinfo search "validity" + "nonverbal learning disabilities scales"
Construct validity (e.g., predictive, concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity) none available psycinfo search "validity" + "nonverbal learning disabilities scales"
Discriminative validity none available psycinfo search "validity" + "nonverbal learning disabilities scales"
Validity generalization none available psycinfo search "validity" + "nonverbal learning disabilities scales"
Treatment sensitivity none available psycinfo search "validity" + "nonverbal learning disabilities scales"
Clinical utility none available psycinfo search "validity" + "nonverbal learning disabilities scales"

Interpretation

[edit]

C-NLD Scoring

[edit]

Non-verbal learning disorder includes multiple specific symptoms characterized into three specific areas: neuropsychological deficits (deficits with perception, psychomotor coordination, memory, reasoning, and aspects of speech), academic deficits (mathematical reasoning, reading comprehension, and comprehension of written language) and social-emotional/adaptational deficits (social awareness and difficulties in social interactions).[2]

The C-NLD works as a primary screening measure, and referral to a neuropsychologist for further testing is advised if the parent C-NLD report indicates "sometimes" or "often" for over half of the items in each of the three sub-sections.[2]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Massachusetts General Hospital, School Psychiatry Program and MADI Resource Center (2010). Table of all screening tools and rating scales. Retrieved from "Screening Tools & Rating Scales - the School Psychiatry Program and Mood & Anxiety Disorders Institute Resource Center Massachusetts General Hospital". Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  2. ^ a b c Rourke, B. P. (1994). Neuropsychological Assessment of Children with Learning Disabilities: Measurement Issues. In G. Reid Lyons (ed.), Frames of Reference for the Assessment of Learning Disabilities: New Views on Measurement Issues. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brooks. ISBN 9781557661388
[edit]
Wikiversity has learning resources about General Behavior Inventory

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