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{{Short description|Defunct low-cost airline of the United States (2003–2006)}}
{{Infobox airline
{{Infobox airline
| airline = Independence Air
| airline = Independence Air
| image = Independence Air logo.svg
| logo = Independence Air logo.svg
| image_size = 235
| logo_size = 235
| alt =
| alt =
| IATA = DH
| IATA = DH
| ICAO = IDE
| ICAO = IDE
| callsign = INDEPENDENCE
| callsign = INDEPENDENCE
| founded = 1989 (as [[Atlantic Coast Airlines]])
| founded = {{start date and age|2003|11|19|mf=y|br=y}}
| commenced =
| commenced = {{start date and age|2004|06|14|mf=y|br=y}}
| ceased = January 5, 2006
| ceased = {{end date and age|2006|01|05|mf=y|br=y}}
| aoc =
| aoc =
| bases = [[Washington Dulles International Airport]]
| bases = [[Washington Dulles International Airport]]
| hubs = [[Washington Dulles International Airport]]
| secondary_hubs =
| focus_cities =
| frequent_flyer = iCLUB
| frequent_flyer = iCLUB
| lounge =
| lounge =
| alliance =
| alliance =
| subsidiaries =
| subsidiaries =
| fleet_size = 85
| fleet_size = 130
| destinations = 37
| destinations = 37
| company_slogan = Go your own way
| parent = [[FLYi, Inc.]]
| parent = [[FLYi, Inc.]]
| headquarters = [[Loudoun County]], [[Virginia]]
| headquarters = Loudoun Gateway Corporate Center, [[Dulles, Virginia|Dulles]], [[Virginia]], [[United States|U.S.]]
| key_people = Kerry Skeen ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]])
| key_people = Kerry Skeen ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]])
| website = [https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.flyi.com www.flyi.com]
| website = [https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.flyi.com www.flyi.com]
}}
}}
''' Independence Air''' was a [[Low-cost carrier|low-cost airline]], owned by [[FLYi, Inc.]], headquartered in the Loudoun Gateway Corporate Center in [[Dulles, Virginia|Dulles]], [[unincorporated area|unincorporated]] [[Loudoun County, Virginia]], [[United States]]<!--Cited below at Corporate affairs Headquarters--> (near [[Washington, D.C.]]) that operated from 1989 until 2006. Its route network focused on the East Coast of the United States, but it also extended to the West Coast. The route network was based at [[Washington Dulles International Airport]].
''' Independence Air''' was a [[low-cost airline]], owned by [[FLYi, Inc.]], headquartered in the Loudoun Gateway Corporate Center in [[Dulles, Virginia]], United States<!--Cited below at Corporate affairs Headquarters--> (near [[Washington, D.C.]]) that operated from 1989 until 2006. Its route network focused on the east coast of the United States, but it also extended to the west coast. The route network was based at [[Washington Dulles International Airport]].


It ceased all operations at 8:24&nbsp;p.m. [[UTC-5]] on January 5, 2006. The airline had been in [[Chapter 11 Bankruptcy]] since November 7, 2005.<ref>{{cite web|title=Independence Air Chapter 11 Bankruptcy|url=https://www.pacermonitor.com/view/UMD2IGQ/Independence_Air_Inc__debke-05-20012__0001.0.pdf|website=PacerMonitor|publisher=PacerMonitor|accessdate=15 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="doc">{{Cite web|url=http://airconsumer.ost.dot.gov/cessations/IndependenceAir6.DOC|title=Fact Sheet re 2/98 Cessation of Ops|accessdate=2008-02-20|publisher=Office of Aviation Enforcement and Proceedings|date=2006-02-21}}</ref> There had been discussion of a last-minute deal that could save the airline, but that did not happen.
It ceased all operations at 20:24 [[UTC-5]] on January 5, 2006. The airline had been in [[Chapter 11, Title 11, United States Code|Chapter 11 bankruptcy]] since November 7, 2005.<ref>{{cite web|title=Independence Air Chapter 11 Bankruptcy|url=https://www.pacermonitor.com/view/UMD2IGQ/Independence_Air_Inc__debke-05-20012__0001.0.pdf|website=PacerMonitor|access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="doc">{{Cite web|url=http://airconsumer.ost.dot.gov/cessations/IndependenceAir6.DOC|title=Fact Sheet re 2/98 Cessation of Ops|access-date=2008-02-20|publisher=Office of Aviation Enforcement and Proceedings|date=2006-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227174203/http://airconsumer.ost.dot.gov/cessations/IndependenceAir6.DOC|archive-date=2008-02-27|url-status=dead}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
[[File:Independence Air CRJ-Dulles.JPG|thumb|left|A regional jet operated by Independence Air, seen through terminal windows]]
[[File:Independence Air CRJ-Dulles.JPG|thumb|A regional jet operated by Independence Air, seen through terminal windows]]


Independence Air started life as [[Atlantic Coast Airlines]] on December 15, 1989, operating feeder services as [[United Express]] for [[United Airlines]] and [[Delta Connection]] for [[Delta Air Lines]].<ref name="cb">{{Cite web|url=http://www.charlestonbusiness.com/pub/10_25/news/3984-1.html |title=Despite Industry woes, Independence Air Sees Strong Market in Charleston |deadurl=yes |accessdate=2016-10-28 |date=2004-11-15 |author=Matthew French |work=Charleston Regional Business Journal |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114111757/http://www.charlestonbusiness.com/pub/10_25/news/3984-1.html |archivedate=2007-11-14 |df= }}</ref> After United withdrew the contract when the ACA labor and management would not agree to the concessions it requested, Atlantic Coast reinvented itself as low-cost carrier Independence Air.<ref name="idend">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/10/business/10road.html|title=Independence Air Ends: No Bang, Some Whimpers|accessdate=2008-02-20|date=2006-01-10|author=Joe Sharkey|work=The New York Times}}</ref> It was announced on November 19, 2003, and operations as Independence Air began on June 16, 2004. At its inception, it was unique among low-cost carriers in that its fleet mainly consisted of 50-seat [[regional jet]]s, although the airline later introduced larger [[Airbus A320|Airbus A319]] equipment. It was based at Washington Dulles International Airport (IAD) and contributed to Dulles's substantial increase in passenger use, bringing one million new customers to the airport in its first three months of operation.<ref name="bus">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A60742-2004Sep29.html|title=Dulles Among Busiest Airports|accessdate=2008-02-20|date=2004-09-30|author=Sara Kehaulani|work=Washington Post}}</ref> The airline was also credited with helping to reduce fares to and from the airport.<ref name="idend"/>
Independence Air started life as [[Atlantic Coast Airlines]] on December 15, 1989, operating feeder services as [[United Express]] for [[United Airlines]] and [[Delta Connection]] for [[Delta Air Lines]].<ref name="cb">{{Cite web|url=http://www.charlestonbusiness.com/pub/10_25/news/3984-1.html |title=Despite Industry woes, Independence Air Sees Strong Market in Charleston |url-status=dead |access-date=2016-10-28 |date=2004-11-15 |author=Matthew French |work=Charleston Regional Business Journal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114111757/http://www.charlestonbusiness.com/pub/10_25/news/3984-1.html |archive-date=2007-11-14 }}</ref> After United withdrew the contract when the ACA labor and management would not agree to the concessions it requested, Atlantic Coast reinvented itself as low-cost carrier Independence Air.<ref name="idend">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/10/business/10road.html|title=Independence Air Ends: No Bang, Some Whimpers|access-date=2008-02-20|date=2006-01-10|author=Joe Sharkey|work=The New York Times}}</ref> It was announced on November 19, 2003, and operations as Independence Air began on June 16, 2004. At its inception, it was unique among low-cost carriers in that its fleet mainly consisted of 50-seat [[regional jet]]s, although the airline later introduced larger [[Airbus A320|Airbus A319]] equipment. It was based at Washington Dulles International Airport (IAD) and contributed to Dulles' substantial increase in passenger use, bringing one million new customers to the airport in its first three months of operation.<ref name="bus">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A60742-2004Sep29.html|title=Dulles Among Busiest Airports|access-date=2008-02-20|date=2004-09-30|author=Sara Kehaulani|newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> The airline was also credited with helping to reduce fares to and from the airport, and it took time after the airline's shutdown for the traffic volume to recover.<ref name="idend"/><ref>{{Cite news |last1=McCaffrey |first1=Scott |last2=Trompeter |first2=Brian |date=2006-07-06 |title=Dulles Still Trying to Rebound from Independence Air's Shutdown |language=en |url=https://www.insidenova.com/news/fairfax/dulles-still-trying-to-rebound-from-independence-airs-shutdown/article_8dca6f74-fc9c-5a26-96d5-36ce761b602e.html |access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref>


===Criticism===
===Criticism===
From the beginning, the airline faced criticism. Some{{Who|date=February 2011}} believed that it expanded too quickly, had a poor fleet mix<ref name="course"/> and did not have the resources to compete with the [[legacy airline]]s, who despite their own financial troubles, would match the fares offered by Independence.<ref name="idend"/><ref name="ib"/> Further, industry experts believed that the reasons behind the airline's failure were not problems with the low-cost strategy, but miscues on the part of airline management.<ref name="bgb">{{Cite news|url=http://www.boston.com/business/articles/2006/01/03/independence_air_to_shut_down/|title=Independence Air to Shut Down |accessdate=2008-02-20|date=2006-01-03|author=Peter J. Howe|work=The Boston Globe}}</ref> Atlantic Coast's / Independence Air's former partner at Dulles, [[United Airlines]], responded vigorously to Independence Air's emergence as a stand-alone carrier by leveraging Washington area passenger loyalty to the United [[Mileage Plus]] frequent flyer program. United offered its Mileage Plus members substantial bonuses, including free trips around the world on United and other [[Star Alliance]] carriers; these proved effective in maintaining United's grip on the lucrative business travel market, and Independence Air was unable to respond to United's promotional onslaught. (United's primary offer for free flights based on a sliding scale of flight segments to/from a Washington airport - IAD, DCA, BWI. 24 segments yielded a United coach ticket, 48 segments yielded a Star Alliance round-the-world business class ticket.) Problems, including flights flying far below capacity, were identified in October 2004,<ref name="del">{{Cite web|url=http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/delta.html|title=Delta Flight Plan May Include Bankruptcy|accessdate=2008-02-20|publisher=consumeraffairs.com|date=2005-10-25}}</ref> less than six months following the airline's launch as the parent company attempted to avoid bankruptcy.<ref name="wp2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A41423-2004Nov10.html|title=Flyi's Share Price Continues to Fall|accessdate=2008-02-20|date=2004-11-11|work=The Washington Post}}</ref>
From the beginning, the airline faced criticism including that it expanded too quickly, had a poor fleet mix<ref name="course"/> and did not have the resources to compete with the [[legacy airline]]s, who despite their own financial troubles, would match the fares offered by Independence.<ref name="idend"/><ref name="ib"/> Further, industry experts believed that the reasons behind the airline's failure were not problems with the low-cost strategy, but miscues on the part of airline management.<ref name="bgb">{{Cite news|url=http://www.boston.com/business/articles/2006/01/03/independence_air_to_shut_down/|title=Independence Air to Shut Down |access-date=2008-02-20|date=2006-01-03|author=Peter J. Howe|work=The Boston Globe}}</ref> Atlantic Coast's / Independence Air's former partner at Dulles, [[United Airlines]], responded vigorously to Independence Air's emergence as a stand-alone carrier by leveraging Washington area passenger loyalty to the United [[Mileage Plus]] frequent flyer program. United offered its Mileage Plus members substantial bonuses, including free trips around the world on United and other [[Star Alliance]] carriers; these proved effective in maintaining United's grip on the lucrative business travel market, and Independence Air could not respond to United's promotional onslaught. (United's primary offer for free flights based on a sliding scale of flight segments to/from a Washington airport - IAD, DCA, BWI. 24 segments yielded a United coach ticket, 48 segments yielded a Star Alliance round-the-world business class ticket.) Problems, including flights flying far below capacity, were identified in October 2004,<ref name="del">{{Cite web|url=http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/delta.html|title=Delta Flight Plan May Include Bankruptcy|access-date=2008-02-20|publisher=consumeraffairs.com|date=2005-10-25}}</ref> less than six months following the airline's launch as the parent company attempted to avoid bankruptcy.<ref name="wp2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A41423-2004Nov10.html|title=Flyi's Share Price Continues to Fall|access-date=2008-02-20|date=2004-11-11|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref>


===Promotional activities===
===Promotional activities===
⚫
On May 20, 2004, even prior to its inaugural flight, Independence Air signed a deal with the [[Washington Redskins]] to become the official airline sponsor of the team for three years.<ref name="bbj">{{Cite news|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/2004/05/17/daily42.html|title=Independence Air Scores Redskins Sponsorship|access-date=2008-02-20|date=2004-05-21|author=Jeff Clabaugh|work=Baltimore Business Journal}}</ref> In the summer of 2005, the airline offered college students the GLiDE Summer Travel Pass.<ref name="from">{{Cite web|url=http://www.frommers.com/articles/2774.html|title=Swap That Hall Pass for an Air Pass & Flit About the US from $249 All Summer|access-date=2008-02-20|publisher=Frommer's|date=2005-04-22|author=Sascha Segan}}</ref> This move was meant not to bring in revenue, but to try to fill seats that otherwise would have flown empty. This promotional tool was not enough to prevent trouble, due in part to the airline losing almost $150 million in its two years of operation.<ref name="ib"/>
[[File:IndependenceAirheadquarters.jpg|thumb|left|Independence Air employment center in [[Sterling, Virginia|Sterling]]]]
⚫
On May 20, 2004, even prior to its inaugural flight, Independence Air signed a deal<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/2004/05/17/daily42.html | first=Jeff | last=Clabaugh | title=Independence Air scores Redskins sponsorship | date=2004-05-21}}</ref> with the [[Washington Redskins]] to become the official airline sponsor of the team for three years.<ref name="bbj">{{Cite news|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/2004/05/17/daily42.html|title=Independence Air Scores Redskins Sponsorship|accessdate=2008-02-20|date=2004-05-21|author=Jeff Clabaugh|work=Baltimore Business Journal}}</ref> In the summer of 2005, the airline offered the GLiDE Summer Travel Pass for college students.<ref name="from">{{Cite web|url=http://www.frommers.com/articles/2774.html|title=Swap That Hall Pass for an Air Pass & Flit About the US from $249 All Summer|accessdate=2008-02-20|publisher=Frommer's|date=2005-04-22|author=Sascha Segan}}</ref> Upon paying $250, the customer would be able to fly at no cost (after paying taxes & airport fees) from May 1-Aug 31, on Tuesdays, Wednesdays & Saturdays. This move was meant not to bring in revenue, but to try to fill seats that otherwise would have flown empty. This promotional tool was not enough to prevent trouble, due in part to the airline losing almost $150 million in its two years of operation.<ref name="ib"/>


Independence Air became quickly known for the humorous touches it added to the flying experience, such as replacing the flight attendant safety announcements with prerecorded versions of the warnings by celebrities such as [[James Carville]] and [[Mary Matalin]].<ref name="rdu">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rdu.com/news/pdf/UpdateFall04.pdf|title=RDU Welcomes Independence Air|accessdate=2008-02-20|publisher=Raleigh-Durham International Airport|year=2004|work=RDU Update}}</ref> They also attracted attention from their partnership with the [[Laugh Factory]]<ref name="ctc">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/16/business/16road.html?8hpib|title=What Flies Coast to Coast and Isn't Very Funny?|accessdate=2008-02-20|date=2005-08-16|author=Joe Sharkey|work=The New York Times}}</ref> and the use of former [[baggage handler]] Dave George as "the Flyi Guy" &mdash; the airline's resident comedian.<ref name="usaf">{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/travel/flights/2005-08-18-airline-humor_x.htm|title=I Just Flew in from Cleveland...and, Boy, are My Wings Tired!|accessdate=2008-02-20|date=2005-08-18|author=Jayne Clark|work=USA Today}}</ref>
Independence Air became quickly known for the humorous touches it added to the flying experience, such as replacing the flight attendant safety announcements with prerecorded versions of the warnings by celebrities such as [[James Carville]] and [[Mary Matalin]].<ref name="rdu">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rdu.com/news/pdf/UpdateFall04.pdf|title=RDU Welcomes Independence Air|access-date=2008-02-20|publisher=Raleigh-Durham International Airport|year=2004|work=RDU Update|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060314084841/http://www.rdu.com/news/pdf/UpdateFall04.pdf|archive-date=2006-03-14|url-status=dead}}</ref> They also attracted attention from their partnership with the [[Laugh Factory]]<ref name="ctc">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/16/business/16road.html?8hpib|title=What Flies Coast to Coast and Isn't Very Funny?|access-date=2008-02-20|date=2005-08-16|author=Joe Sharkey|work=The New York Times}}</ref> and the use of former [[baggage handler]] Dave George as "the Flyi Guy" &mdash; the airline's resident comedian.<ref name="usaf">{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/travel/flights/2005-08-18-airline-humor_x.htm|title=I Just Flew in from Cleveland...and, Boy, are My Wings Tired!|access-date=2008-02-20|date=2005-08-18|author=Jayne Clark|work=USA Today}}</ref>

Independence Air also invested in a fleet of 20 promotional vehicles, dubbed "Jet Trucks". Modified pickup trucks were painted in the airline's livery and featured an aircraft tail attached to the truck's bed. Jet Trucks were featured at all promotional events and activities, where employees would hand out information and branded giveaways. Rather than having these vehicles sit in the headquarters office parking lot between events, 10 trucks were allocated for employee use to increase public exposure.{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}}


==Corporate affairs==
==Corporate affairs==

===Headquarters===
===Headquarters===
Independence Air had its headquarters in Loudoun Gateway III in the Loudoun Gateway Corporate Center in [[Dulles, Virginia|Dulles]], [[unincorporated area|unincorporated]] [[Loudoun County, Virginia|Loudoun County]], [[Virginia]].<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20060210215941/http://www.flyi.com/company/annualreports/2004.pdf ANNUAL REPORT TO STOCKHOLDERS For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004]." Independence Air. Retrieved on January 31, 2011. "45200 Business Court, Dulles, Virginia (Address of principal executive offices)"</ref><ref name="LG3">"[http://www.altergroup.com/pg.117.138.859_645.aspx?listItemID=2224&listLabel=Virginia Loudoun Gateway III] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101212070511/http://altergroup.com/pg.117.138.859_645.aspx?listItemID=2224&listLabel=Virginia |date=2010-12-12 }}." The Alter Group. Retrieved on January 31, 2011. "Loudoun Gateway III 45200 Business Court Loudoun Gateway Corporate Center Dulles, VA."</ref> The facility is located at the intersection of [[Virginia Route 28]] and [[Virginia Route 606]], {{convert|1|mi|km}} north of the [[Dulles Toll Road]] and near [[Washington Dulles International Airport]]. The three-story, {{convert|76557|sqft|sqm}} building has an about 25,000 RSF floor plate. The entire Loudoun Gateway Corporate Center has about {{convert|38.6|acre|ha}} of space.<ref name="LG3"/> [[Grubb & Ellis]] had originally leased {{convert|76982|sqft|sqm}} of the building to [[Atlantic Coast Airlines]].<ref>"[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=WT&p_theme=wt&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB08C0A5F6B21B7&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM FCC delays decision on who can wire buildings]." ''[[The Washington Times]]''. September 18, 2000. Retrieved on January 31, 2011. "Grubb & Ellis has leased 76982 square feet of office space to Atlantic Coast Airlines Holdings Inc in the Loudoun Gateway III complex in Dulles[...]"</ref>
Independence Air had its headquarters in Loudoun Gateway III in the Loudoun Gateway Corporate Center in [[Dulles, Virginia|Dulles]], [[unincorporated area|unincorporated]] [[Loudoun County, Virginia|Loudoun County]], [[Virginia]].<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20060210215941/http://www.flyi.com/company/annualreports/2004.pdf ANNUAL REPORT TO STOCKHOLDERS For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004]." Independence Air. Retrieved on January 31, 2011. "45200 Business Court, Dulles, Virginia (Address of principal executive offices)"</ref><ref name="LG3">"[http://www.altergroup.com/pg.117.138.859_645.aspx?listItemID=2224&listLabel=Virginia Loudoun Gateway III] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101212070511/http://altergroup.com/pg.117.138.859_645.aspx?listItemID=2224&listLabel=Virginia |date=2010-12-12 }}." The Alter Group. Retrieved on January 31, 2011. "Loudoun Gateway III 45200 Business Court Loudoun Gateway Corporate Center Dulles, VA."</ref> The facility is located at the intersection of [[Virginia Route 28]] and [[Virginia Route 606]], {{convert|1|mi|km}} north of the [[Dulles Toll Road]] and near [[Washington Dulles International Airport]]. The three-story, {{convert|76557|sqft|sqm}} building has an about 25,000 RSF floor plate. The entire Loudoun Gateway Corporate Center has about {{convert|38.6|acre|ha}} of space.<ref name="LG3"/> [[Grubb & Ellis]] had originally leased {{convert|76982|sqft|sqm}} of the building to [[Atlantic Coast Airlines]].<ref>"[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=WT&p_theme=wt&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB08C0A5F6B21B7&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM FCC delays decision on who can wire buildings]." ''[[The Washington Times]]''. September 18, 2000. Retrieved on January 31, 2011. "Grubb & Ellis has leased 76982 square feet of office space to Atlantic Coast Airlines Holdings Inc in the Loudoun Gateway III complex in Dulles[...]"</ref>
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==Fleet==
==Fleet==
[[File:Independence Air Airbus A319 Unterspann.jpg|thumb|Independence Air [[Airbus A319]] in 2005.]]
[[File:Independence Air Airbus A319 Unterspann.jpg|thumb|Independence Air [[Airbus A319]] in 2005.]]
From the airline's beginning, its fleet mix was cited as one of the causes of its financial troubles.<ref name="course">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/01/02/AR2006010201685.html|title=Despite Persistent Criticism, Airline Chief Stayed His Course|accessdate=2008-02-20|date=2006-01-03|author=Keith L. Alexander|work=The Washington Post}}</ref> Independence Air's fleet ebbed and flowed in an attempt to stay in business.<ref name="cut">{{Cite web|url=http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/2005/independence_cutbacks.html|title=Independence Air Cuts Fleet to Stay Airborne|accessdate=2008-02-20|publisher=consumeraffairs.com|date=2005-02-23}}</ref> In February 2005, the airline canceled the lease on more than 20 [[Bombardier CRJ200]] jets and [[British Aerospace Jetstream 41]] turbo-prop planes.<ref name="alb">{{Cite news|url=http://albany.bizjournals.com/albany/stories/2005/02/21/daily11.html|title=Independence Air Pares Fleet|accessdate=2008-02-20|date=2005-02-22|author=Jeff Clabaugh|work=The Business Review (Albany)}}</ref>
From the airline's beginning, its fleet mix was cited as one of the causes of its financial troubles.<ref name="course">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/01/02/AR2006010201685.html|title=Despite Persistent Criticism, Airline Chief Stayed His Course|access-date=2008-02-20|date=2006-01-03|author=Keith L. Alexander|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> Independence Air's fleet ebbed and flowed in an attempt to stay in business.<ref name="cut">{{Cite web|url=http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/2005/independence_cutbacks.html|title=Independence Air Cuts Fleet to Stay Airborne|access-date=2008-02-20|publisher=consumeraffairs.com|date=2005-02-23}}</ref> In February 2005, the airline canceled the lease on more than 20 [[Bombardier CRJ200]] jets and [[British Aerospace Jetstream 41]] turbo-prop planes.<ref name="alb">{{Cite news|url=http://albany.bizjournals.com/albany/stories/2005/02/21/daily11.html|title=Independence Air Pares Fleet|access-date=2008-02-20|date=2005-02-22|author=Jeff Clabaugh|work=The Business Review (Albany)}}</ref>

At the time of its last flight, Independence had 42 planes, down from a peak of 87.<ref name="ia"/>

===Historical fleet===
Independence Air previously operated the following aircraft:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Independence-Air|title=Independence Air Fleet|publisher=Planespotters|access-date=5 August 2019}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; text-align:center"
|-
!Aircraft
!Total
!Introduced
!Retired
!Notes
|-
|[[Airbus A319-100]]
|12
|rowspan=3|2004
|rowspan=2|2006
|
|-
|[[Bombardier CRJ200ER]]
|87
|
|-
|[[Fairchild Dornier 328JET]]
|33
|2004
|
|-
|}


==Decline==
==Decline==
After its emergence as an independent brand name, Independence Air became known for offering very low airfares: as little as $29 one-way to [[Florida]] from Washington Dulles International Airport.<ref name="shut"/> However, the company never overcame a series of financial problems during its transition, and its decline started only six months after its launch.
After its emergence as an independent brand name, Independence Air became known for offering very low airfares: as little as $29 one-way to [[Florida]] from Washington Dulles International Airport.<ref name="shut"/> However, the company never overcame a series of financial problems during its transition, and its decline started only six months after its launch.


In February 2005, one of its aircraft was repossessed after the company missed a lease payment,<ref name="repo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/2005/flyi_repo.html|title=Repo Man Visits Independence Air|accessdate=2008-02-20|publisher=consumeraffairs.com|date=2005-02-13}}</ref> after trying and failing to restructure the lease.<ref name="wp2"/> Later that year, three more aircraft were sold or repossessed and in November 2005, FLYi, Inc., their parent company, declared bankruptcy.<ref name="ia"/> The company cited rising costs in the airline industry as the reason its low-cost strategy did not succeed.<ref name="ib">{{Cite web|url=http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/2005/independence_bankrupt.html|title=Independence Air is Banktupt|accessdate=2008-02-20|date=2005-11-08|work=Consumer Affairs}}</ref>
In February 2005, one of its aircraft was repossessed after the company missed a lease payment,<ref name="repo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/2005/flyi_repo.html|title=Repo Man Visits Independence Air|access-date=2008-02-20|publisher=consumeraffairs.com|date=2005-02-13}}</ref> after trying and failing to restructure the lease.<ref name="wp2"/> Later that year, three more aircraft were sold or repossessed and in November 2005, FLYi, Inc., their parent company, declared bankruptcy.<ref name="ia"/> The company cited rising costs in the airline industry as the reason its low-cost strategy did not succeed.<ref name="ib">{{Cite web|url=http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/2005/independence_bankrupt.html|title=Independence Air is Banktupt|access-date=2008-02-20|date=2005-11-08|work=Consumer Affairs}}</ref>


In the intervening months between FLY I's declaration of bankruptcy and Independence Air's cessation of operations, a number of airlines expressed an interest in acquiring the airline's assets including: [[Mesa Air Group]], [[United Airlines]] and Richard Branson.<ref name="un">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/22/AR2005122202319.html|title=United Seeks Piece of Independence Air|accessdate=2008-02-20|date=2005-12-23|author=Bill Brubaker|work=The Washington Post}}</ref>
In the intervening months between FLYi's declaration of bankruptcy and Independence Air's cessation of operations, a number of airlines expressed an interest in acquiring the airline's assets including: [[Mesa Air Group]], [[United Airlines]] and Richard Branson.<ref name="un">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/22/AR2005122202319.html|title=United Seeks Piece of Independence Air|access-date=2008-02-20|date=2005-12-23|author=Bill Brubaker|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref>


Not finding a suitable buyer in time to keep the planes flying, Independence Air announced on January 2, 2006, that it would cease operations at 7:26&nbsp;p.m. UTC-5 on January 5, 2006 following a flight from [[Westchester County Airport]] in [[New York (state)|New York]].<ref name="ca2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/2006/01/ia_folds.html|title=Final Boarding Call for Independence Air|accessdate=2008-02-20|publisher=consumeraffairs.com|date=2006-01-02}}</ref> When the airline ceased operations, it employed more than 2,500 staff,
Not finding a suitable buyer in time to keep the planes flying, Independence Air announced on January 2, 2006, that it would cease operations at 7:26&nbsp;p.m. UTC-5 on January 5, 2006, following a flight from [[Westchester County Airport]] in [[New York (state)|New York]].<ref name="ca2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/2006/01/ia_folds.html|title=Final Boarding Call for Independence Air|access-date=2008-02-20|publisher=consumeraffairs.com|date=2006-01-02}}</ref> When the airline ceased operations, it employed more than 2,500 staff,
<ref name="ia">{{Cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10729047/|title=Last Run for Independence Air|accessdate=2008-02-20|publisher=msnbc.com|date=2006-01-05}}</ref> many of whom had been with the airline since its inception as Atlantic Coast Airlines.<ref name="shut"/> Over its 18 months of operation, Independence carried more than 8 million passengers.<ref name="shut">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/01/05/AR2006010502200.html|title=Foggy Morning, Misty Eyes Usher Out Independence|accessdate=2008-02-20|date=2006-01-06|author=Bill Brubaker|work=The Washington Post}}</ref>
<ref name="ia">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna10729047|title=Last Run for Independence Air|access-date=2008-02-20|publisher=NBC News|date=2006-01-05}}</ref> many of whom had been with the airline since its inception as Atlantic Coast Airlines.<ref name="shut"/> Over its 18 months of operation, Independence carried more than 8 million passengers.<ref name="shut">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/01/05/AR2006010502200.html|title=Foggy Morning, Misty Eyes Usher Out Independence|access-date=2008-02-20|date=2006-01-06|author=Bill Brubaker|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref>


On March 10, 2006, [[Northwest Airlines]] bought the operating certificate of Independence Air for $2 million to establish a new regional airline. On March 29, 2006, Northwest reported that Independence Air would be renamed [[Compass Airlines (North America)|Compass Airlines]]. The first flight route would be a twice daily service between [[Washington Dulles International Airport]] and [[Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport]] beginning in early June 2006.<ref name="usac">{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/travel/flights/2006-03-30-nwa-carrier_x.htm|title=NWA Plans June Start for Carrier|accessdate=2008-02-20|date=2006-03-30|author=Jewel Gopwani|work=USA Today}}</ref>
On March 10, 2006, [[Northwest Airlines]] bought the operating certificate of Independence Air for $2 million to establish a new regional airline. On March 29, 2006, Northwest reported that Independence Air would be renamed [[Compass Airlines (North America)|Compass Airlines]]. The first flight route would be a twice daily service between [[Washington Dulles International Airport]] and [[Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport]] beginning in early June 2006.<ref name="usac">{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/travel/flights/2006-03-30-nwa-carrier_x.htm|title=NWA Plans June Start for Carrier|access-date=2008-02-20|date=2006-03-30|author=Jewel Gopwani|work=USA Today}}</ref>


==Destinations==
==Destinations==
At the time of its shutdown on January 5, 2006, Independence operated 200 daily departures to 37 destinations throughout the [[United States]],<ref name="tb">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sptimes.com/2006/01/03/Business/Low_fare_airline_to_s.shtml|title=Low-fare Airline to Shut Down Thursday|accessdate=2008-02-20|date=2006-01-03|work=St. Petersburg Times}}</ref> up from 78 flights at its launch.<ref name="wp3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A47881-2004Jun16.html|title=Independence Air is Off the Ground at Last|accessdate=2008-02-20|date=2004-06-17|author=Bill Brubaker|work=The Washington Post}}</ref>
At the time of its shutdown on January 5, 2006, Independence operated 200 daily departures to 37 destinations throughout the United States,<ref name="tb">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sptimes.com/2006/01/03/Business/Low_fare_airline_to_s.shtml|title=Low-fare Airline to Shut Down Thursday|access-date=2008-02-20|date=2006-01-03|work=St. Petersburg Times}}</ref> up from 78 flights at its launch.<ref name="wp3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A47881-2004Jun16.html|title=Independence Air is Off the Ground at Last|access-date=2008-02-20|date=2004-06-17|author=Bill Brubaker|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[List of defunct airlines of the United States]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|Independence Air}}
{{commons category|Independence Air}}
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{{Portal|Virginia|Companies|Aviation}}
*{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.flyi.com |date=* |title=Independence Air official website }}
*{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.flyi.com |date=* |title=Independence Air official website }}
*[http://www.ridgelines.org Employee Tribute Site]


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[[Category:Defunct low-cost airlines of the United States]]
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[[Category:Defunct low-cost airlines]]
[[Category:Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2005]]

Latest revision as of 00:09, 5 December 2024

Independence Air
IATA ICAO Call sign
DH IDE INDEPENDENCE
FoundedNovember 19, 2003;
21 years ago (2003-11-19)
Commenced operationsJune 14, 2004;
20 years ago (2004-06-14)
Ceased operationsJanuary 5, 2006;
19 years ago (2006-01-05)
Operating basesWashington Dulles International Airport
Frequent-flyer programiCLUB
Fleet size130
Destinations37
Parent companyFLYi, Inc.
HeadquartersLoudoun Gateway Corporate Center, Dulles, Virginia, U.S.
Key peopleKerry Skeen (CEO)
Websitewww.flyi.com

Independence Air was a low-cost airline, owned by FLYi, Inc., headquartered in the Loudoun Gateway Corporate Center in Dulles, Virginia, United States (near Washington, D.C.) that operated from 1989 until 2006. Its route network focused on the east coast of the United States, but it also extended to the west coast. The route network was based at Washington Dulles International Airport.

It ceased all operations at 20:24 UTC-5 on January 5, 2006. The airline had been in Chapter 11 bankruptcy since November 7, 2005.[1][2]

History

[edit]
A regional jet operated by Independence Air, seen through terminal windows

Independence Air started life as Atlantic Coast Airlines on December 15, 1989, operating feeder services as United Express for United Airlines and Delta Connection for Delta Air Lines.[3] After United withdrew the contract when the ACA labor and management would not agree to the concessions it requested, Atlantic Coast reinvented itself as low-cost carrier Independence Air.[4] It was announced on November 19, 2003, and operations as Independence Air began on June 16, 2004. At its inception, it was unique among low-cost carriers in that its fleet mainly consisted of 50-seat regional jets, although the airline later introduced larger Airbus A319 equipment. It was based at Washington Dulles International Airport (IAD) and contributed to Dulles' substantial increase in passenger use, bringing one million new customers to the airport in its first three months of operation.[5] The airline was also credited with helping to reduce fares to and from the airport, and it took time after the airline's shutdown for the traffic volume to recover.[4][6]

Criticism

[edit]

From the beginning, the airline faced criticism including that it expanded too quickly, had a poor fleet mix[7] and did not have the resources to compete with the legacy airlines, who despite their own financial troubles, would match the fares offered by Independence.[4][8] Further, industry experts believed that the reasons behind the airline's failure were not problems with the low-cost strategy, but miscues on the part of airline management.[9] Atlantic Coast's / Independence Air's former partner at Dulles, United Airlines, responded vigorously to Independence Air's emergence as a stand-alone carrier by leveraging Washington area passenger loyalty to the United Mileage Plus frequent flyer program. United offered its Mileage Plus members substantial bonuses, including free trips around the world on United and other Star Alliance carriers; these proved effective in maintaining United's grip on the lucrative business travel market, and Independence Air could not respond to United's promotional onslaught. (United's primary offer for free flights based on a sliding scale of flight segments to/from a Washington airport - IAD, DCA, BWI. 24 segments yielded a United coach ticket, 48 segments yielded a Star Alliance round-the-world business class ticket.) Problems, including flights flying far below capacity, were identified in October 2004,[10] less than six months following the airline's launch as the parent company attempted to avoid bankruptcy.[11]

Promotional activities

[edit]

On May 20, 2004, even prior to its inaugural flight, Independence Air signed a deal with the Washington Redskins to become the official airline sponsor of the team for three years.[12] In the summer of 2005, the airline offered college students the GLiDE Summer Travel Pass.[13] This move was meant not to bring in revenue, but to try to fill seats that otherwise would have flown empty. This promotional tool was not enough to prevent trouble, due in part to the airline losing almost $150 million in its two years of operation.[8]

Independence Air became quickly known for the humorous touches it added to the flying experience, such as replacing the flight attendant safety announcements with prerecorded versions of the warnings by celebrities such as James Carville and Mary Matalin.[14] They also attracted attention from their partnership with the Laugh Factory[15] and the use of former baggage handler Dave George as "the Flyi Guy" — the airline's resident comedian.[16]

Corporate affairs

[edit]

Headquarters

[edit]

Independence Air had its headquarters in Loudoun Gateway III in the Loudoun Gateway Corporate Center in Dulles, unincorporated Loudoun County, Virginia.[17][18] The facility is located at the intersection of Virginia Route 28 and Virginia Route 606, 1 mile (1.6 km) north of the Dulles Toll Road and near Washington Dulles International Airport. The three-story, 76,557 square feet (7,112.4 m2) building has an about 25,000 RSF floor plate. The entire Loudoun Gateway Corporate Center has about 38.6 acres (15.6 ha) of space.[18] Grubb & Ellis had originally leased 76,982 square feet (7,151.9 m2) of the building to Atlantic Coast Airlines.[19]

Fleet

[edit]
Independence Air Airbus A319 in 2005.

From the airline's beginning, its fleet mix was cited as one of the causes of its financial troubles.[7] Independence Air's fleet ebbed and flowed in an attempt to stay in business.[20] In February 2005, the airline canceled the lease on more than 20 Bombardier CRJ200 jets and British Aerospace Jetstream 41 turbo-prop planes.[21]

At the time of its last flight, Independence had 42 planes, down from a peak of 87.[22]

Historical fleet

[edit]

Independence Air previously operated the following aircraft:[23]

Aircraft Total Introduced Retired Notes
Airbus A319-100 12 2004 2006
Bombardier CRJ200ER 87
Fairchild Dornier 328JET 33 2004

Decline

[edit]

After its emergence as an independent brand name, Independence Air became known for offering very low airfares: as little as $29 one-way to Florida from Washington Dulles International Airport.[24] However, the company never overcame a series of financial problems during its transition, and its decline started only six months after its launch.

In February 2005, one of its aircraft was repossessed after the company missed a lease payment,[25] after trying and failing to restructure the lease.[11] Later that year, three more aircraft were sold or repossessed and in November 2005, FLYi, Inc., their parent company, declared bankruptcy.[22] The company cited rising costs in the airline industry as the reason its low-cost strategy did not succeed.[8]

In the intervening months between FLYi's declaration of bankruptcy and Independence Air's cessation of operations, a number of airlines expressed an interest in acquiring the airline's assets including: Mesa Air Group, United Airlines and Richard Branson.[26]

Not finding a suitable buyer in time to keep the planes flying, Independence Air announced on January 2, 2006, that it would cease operations at 7:26 p.m. UTC-5 on January 5, 2006, following a flight from Westchester County Airport in New York.[27] When the airline ceased operations, it employed more than 2,500 staff, [22] many of whom had been with the airline since its inception as Atlantic Coast Airlines.[24] Over its 18 months of operation, Independence carried more than 8 million passengers.[24]

On March 10, 2006, Northwest Airlines bought the operating certificate of Independence Air for $2 million to establish a new regional airline. On March 29, 2006, Northwest reported that Independence Air would be renamed Compass Airlines. The first flight route would be a twice daily service between Washington Dulles International Airport and Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport beginning in early June 2006.[28]

Destinations

[edit]

At the time of its shutdown on January 5, 2006, Independence operated 200 daily departures to 37 destinations throughout the United States,[29] up from 78 flights at its launch.[30]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Independence Air Chapter 11 Bankruptcy" (PDF). PacerMonitor. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
  2. ^ "Fact Sheet re 2/98 Cessation of Ops". Office of Aviation Enforcement and Proceedings. 2006-02-21. Archived from the original on 2008-02-27. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
  3. ^ Matthew French (2004-11-15). "Despite Industry woes, Independence Air Sees Strong Market in Charleston". Charleston Regional Business Journal. Archived from the original on 2007-11-14. Retrieved 2016-10-28.
  4. ^ a b c Joe Sharkey (2006-01-10). "Independence Air Ends: No Bang, Some Whimpers". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
  5. ^ Sara Kehaulani (2004-09-30). "Dulles Among Busiest Airports". Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
  6. ^ McCaffrey, Scott; Trompeter, Brian (2006-07-06). "Dulles Still Trying to Rebound from Independence Air's Shutdown". Retrieved 2022-02-25.
  7. ^ a b Keith L. Alexander (2006-01-03). "Despite Persistent Criticism, Airline Chief Stayed His Course". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
  8. ^ a b c "Independence Air is Banktupt". Consumer Affairs. 2005-11-08. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
  9. ^ Peter J. Howe (2006-01-03). "Independence Air to Shut Down". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
  10. ^ "Delta Flight Plan May Include Bankruptcy". consumeraffairs.com. 2005-10-25. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
  11. ^ a b "Flyi's Share Price Continues to Fall". The Washington Post. 2004-11-11. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
  12. ^ Jeff Clabaugh (2004-05-21). "Independence Air Scores Redskins Sponsorship". Baltimore Business Journal. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
  13. ^ Sascha Segan (2005-04-22). "Swap That Hall Pass for an Air Pass & Flit About the US from $249 All Summer". Frommer's. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
  14. ^ "RDU Welcomes Independence Air" (PDF). RDU Update. Raleigh-Durham International Airport. 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-03-14. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
  15. ^ Joe Sharkey (2005-08-16). "What Flies Coast to Coast and Isn't Very Funny?". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
  16. ^ Jayne Clark (2005-08-18). "I Just Flew in from Cleveland...and, Boy, are My Wings Tired!". USA Today. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
  17. ^ "ANNUAL REPORT TO STOCKHOLDERS For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004." Independence Air. Retrieved on January 31, 2011. "45200 Business Court, Dulles, Virginia (Address of principal executive offices)"
  18. ^ a b "Loudoun Gateway III Archived 2010-12-12 at the Wayback Machine." The Alter Group. Retrieved on January 31, 2011. "Loudoun Gateway III 45200 Business Court Loudoun Gateway Corporate Center Dulles, VA."
  19. ^ "FCC delays decision on who can wire buildings." The Washington Times. September 18, 2000. Retrieved on January 31, 2011. "Grubb & Ellis has leased 76982 square feet of office space to Atlantic Coast Airlines Holdings Inc in the Loudoun Gateway III complex in Dulles[...]"
  20. ^ "Independence Air Cuts Fleet to Stay Airborne". consumeraffairs.com. 2005-02-23. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
  21. ^ Jeff Clabaugh (2005-02-22). "Independence Air Pares Fleet". The Business Review (Albany). Retrieved 2008-02-20.
  22. ^ a b c "Last Run for Independence Air". NBC News. 2006-01-05. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
  23. ^ "Independence Air Fleet". Planespotters. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
  24. ^ a b c Bill Brubaker (2006-01-06). "Foggy Morning, Misty Eyes Usher Out Independence". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
  25. ^ "Repo Man Visits Independence Air". consumeraffairs.com. 2005-02-13. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
  26. ^ Bill Brubaker (2005-12-23). "United Seeks Piece of Independence Air". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
  27. ^ "Final Boarding Call for Independence Air". consumeraffairs.com. 2006-01-02. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
  28. ^ Jewel Gopwani (2006-03-30). "NWA Plans June Start for Carrier". USA Today. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
  29. ^ "Low-fare Airline to Shut Down Thursday". St. Petersburg Times. 2006-01-03. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
  30. ^ Bill Brubaker (2004-06-17). "Independence Air is Off the Ground at Last". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
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