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I agree, those "simplification" edits removed a lot of relevant information. The IFB list is a bit long though, and the different subgroups can be found in the main IFB article.
 
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
<noinclude>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}</noinclude>
{{#invoke:Infobox military conflict|main
{{#invoke:Infobox military conflict|main
|conflict=Syrian Civil War
|conflict=Syrian civil war
|partof= the [[Arab Spring|First Arab Spring]], [[Arab Winter]], [[Second Arab Spring]], [[War in Iraq (2013–2017)|Iraqi Civil War]], [[War against the Islamic State]], [[war on terror|War on Terror]], [[Kurdish–Turkish conflict|Kurdish–Turkish]] and [[Arab–Israeli conflict]]s; and the [[Iran–Turkey proxy conflict|Iran–Turkey]], [[Iran–Israel proxy conflict|Iran–Israel]], [[Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict|Iran–Saudi]], [[Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict|Qatar–Saudi]] and [[Second Cold War|Russia-U.S. proxy wars]]
|image= [[File:Syrian Civil War map.svg|300px]]
|image=Syrian Civil War map (ISW-CTP).svg
|caption='''Military situation in January 2018'''<br>
|image_size=320px
{{legend0|#ebc0b5|[[Syria|Syrian Arab Republic]]}} {{legend0|#cae7c4|[[Syrian opposition]]}} {{legend0|#e2d974|[[Democratic Federation of Northern Syria]] ([[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF]])}}<br>{{legend0|#b4b2ae|[[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIL)}} {{legend|#fff7fd|[[Tahrir al-Sham]] <small>(formerly [[al-Nusra Front]])</small>|size=60%|outline=DarkGray}}<small>For a more detailed, up-to-date, interactive map, see [[Template:Syrian Civil War detailed map]].</small>
|caption= Military situation as of December 24, 2024 at 2:00pm ET<hr>'''[[Syrian transitional government]]:'''
|partof=the [[Arab Spring]], the [[Arab Winter]], the spillover of the [[Iraq conflict (2003–present)|Iraq conflict]] and [[Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict]]
{{Leftlegend|#FFFFFF|border=1px solid black|[[Tahrir al-Sham]] and [[Military Operations Command (Syria)|allies]]}}
|date={{Start date|df=yes|2011|03|15}} – present{{spaces|4}}({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=03|day1=15|year1=2011}})
{{Leftlegend|#FFFFB8|[[Deir ez-Zor Military Council|Arab defectors]] from the [[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF]]}}
|place=[[Syria]] <small>(with [[Spillover of the Syrian Civil War|spillovers]] in neighboring countries)</small>
{{Leftlegend|#FF8BFF|[[Southern Operations Room]]<ref>Sources:
|status=[[List of ongoing armed conflicts|Ongoing]]
* {{Cite news |date=24 December 2024 |title=Syria authorities say armed groups have agreed to disband |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/2584163/middle-east |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225095647/https://www.arabnews.com/node/2584163/middle-east |archive-date=25 December 2024 |work=Arab News}}
|territory= Syrian government: 57.3% of Syrian territories; Syrian Democratic Forces: 24.1%; Syrian opposition and [[Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]: 10.6%; ISIL: 7.8% (as of January 2018)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sh. Oliver‏ |first1=Nawar|title=Updated #Control & Influence #Map of #Syria and Western #Iraq 15 Jan 2018, #Data Shows % of Gains & Losses in the last 30 Days, things are not looking good for the Opposition #HTS, and not a surprise #ISIS once again is advancing but this time in #Aleppo and #Idlib|url=https://twitter.com/Nawaroliver/status/953971277777207296|website=@Nawaroliver|language=en|date=18 January 2018}}</ref>
* {{Cite news |last=Hamidi |first=Ibrahim |date=25 December 2024 |title=Four key challenges for Syria's new government |url=https://en.majalla.com/node/323611/opinion/four-key-challenges-syrias-new-government |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225082127/https://en.majalla.com/node/323611/opinion/four-key-challenges-syrias-new-government |archive-date=25 December 2024 |work=Al Majalla}}
|combatants_header=[[List of armed groups in the Syrian Civil War|Main belligerents]]
* {{Cite news |date=24 December 2024 |title=Syria says ex-rebel groups agree to integrate under Defence Ministry |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/12/24/syria-says-ex-rebel-groups-agree-to-integrate-under-defence-ministry |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226142108/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/12/24/syria-says-ex-rebel-groups-agree-to-integrate-under-defence-ministry |archive-date=26 December 2024 |work=Al Jazeera}}</ref><ref>Sources:
|combatant1=<div style="vertical-align:sup;">{{nowrap|{{flagdeco|Syria|size=23px}} '''[[Syrian Arab Republic]]'''}}
* {{Cite news |date=24 December 2024 |title=Syrian rebel factions agree to disarm and join new government under deal with HTS leader |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/12/24/syria-rebel-groups-dissolve-defence-ministry-merge/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226151430/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/12/24/syria-rebel-groups-dissolve-defence-ministry-merge/ |archive-date=26 December 2024 |work=The Telegraph}}
* [[Syrian Armed Forces]]
* {{Cite news |date=24 December 2024 |title=Syria authorities say armed groups have agreed to disband |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2024/12/syria-authorities-say-armed-groups-have-agreed-disband |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241224182009/https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2024/12/syria-authorities-say-armed-groups-have-agreed-disband |archive-date=24 December 2024 |work=Al-Monitor}}</ref>
* [[National Defence Forces (Syria)|National Defence Forces]]
* [[Ba'ath Brigades]]
* [[Arab Nationalist Guard]]
* [[Eagles of the Whirlwind]]
* [[Liwa Al-Quds]]
*[[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command|PFLP-GC]]
{{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG|size=23px}} [[Hezbollah]] <br />
{{flag|Iran|size=23px}}
* [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|IRGC]] <br />
{{flag|Russia|size=23px}} <small>(from 2015)</small> <br />
{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle=background-color:transparent; text-align:left;
| title=Support:<!--DO NOT ADD COUNTRIES PROVIDING NON-LETHAL SUPPORT. THIS WAS AGREED UPON AT THE TALK PAGE.!-->
| {{flag|Iraq|size=20px}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Iraq conducts first airstrikes against ISIS in Syria|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/02/24/middleeast/iraq-conducts-first-airstrikes-against-isis-in-syria/index.html|date=February 24, 2017|work=[[CNN]]}}</ref>
}}
}}
<hr>'''[[Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria|Autonomous Administration of <br>North and East Syria]]:'''

{{Leftlegend|#E4DA76|[[Syrian Democratic Forces]] and [[US intervention in the Syrian civil war |American occupation]]}}<hr>'''[[Syrian Interim Government]]:'''
|combatant2=<div style="vertical-align:sup;">{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg|size=23px}} '''[[Syrian opposition]]'''}}
{{Leftlegend|#CBE8C5|[[Syrian National Army]] and [[Turkish occupation of northern Syria|Turkish occupation]]}}<hr>'''Other former rebel forces:'''
*[[Free Syrian Army]]{{Ref label|FSA|a}}
*{{nowrap|[[Southern Front (Syrian rebel group)|Southern Front]]}}
{{Leftlegend|#75D6B7|[[Revolutionary Commando Army|Syrian Free Army]]}}
*{{nowrap|[[Revolutionary Commando Army|New Syrian Army]]}}
{{Leftlegend|#B3EAFB|[[Revolutionary Commando Army|Syrian Free Army]] and [[US intervention in the Syrian civil war|American occupation]]}}
<hr>'''Others:'''
{{nowrap|{{flag|Turkey|size=23px}}{{Ref label|turkey|b}} <small>(from 2016)</small>}}
{{Leftlegend|#D6630D|[[Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war|Russian occupation]]}}
* {{nowrap|[[Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army|Syrian National Army]]}}
{{Leftlegend|#858ACC|[[2024 Israeli invasion of Syria|Israeli occupation]]{{efn| The [[Israeli occupation of the Golan Heights]] is shown in light grey. The Golan Heights has been under de facto Israeli control [[Six-Day War |since 1967]]. Israeli sovereignty was [[United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel |recognized by the United States]] in 2019, but is not recognized by the [[List of United Nations resolutions concerning Israel |United Nations or any member states]] except the [[Israel–United States relations |United States and Israel]].<ref>{{cite news | title= Golan Heights: Trump signs order recognising occupied area as Israeli | url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-47697717 | publisher= BBC News | date= 25 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title= The Golan Heights: What’s at Stake With Trump’s Recognition | publisher= Council on Foreign Relations | url= https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/golan-heights-whats-stake-trumps-recognition | work= www.cfr.org | date= 28 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref> }} }}

{{Leftlegend|#e1e1e1|Uncertain/mixed}}
{{Collapsible list
{{clear}}''([[Armed factions in the Syrian civil war#Opposing forces|full list of factions]],'' ''[[Template:Syrian Civil War detailed map|detailed map]])''
| titlestyle=background-color:transparent; text-align:left;
|date={{Start date|df=yes|2011|03|15}}{{efn|Attributed to multiple sources:<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-15 |title=Syrian Civil War Enters 10th Year |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_syrian-civil-war-enters-10th-year/6185835.html |agency= RFE/RL |website=Voice of America |language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403022159/https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_syrian-civil-war-enters-10th-year/6185835.html |archive-date= Apr 3, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-15 |title=Syria: Grim 10-year anniversary of ‘unimaginable violence and indignities’ |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/03/1087402 |website=UN News |language=en |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240313112716/https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/03/1087402 |archive-date= Mar 13, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sherlock |first=Ruth |last2=Neuman |first2=Scott |last3=Homsi |first3=Nada |date=March 15, 2021 |title=Syria's Civil War Started A Decade Ago. Here's Where It Stands |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/15/976352794/syrias-civil-war-started-a-decade-ago-heres-where-it-stands |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418003900/https://www.npr.org/2021/03/15/976352794/syrias-civil-war-started-a-decade-ago-heres-where-it-stands |archive-date=Apr 18, 2024 |website=NPR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ozcan |first=Ethem Emre |date=March 14, 2021 |title=10 years since start of Syrian civil war |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/10-years-since-start-of-syrian-civil-war/2175768 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126173716/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/10-years-since-start-of-syrian-civil-war/2175768 |archive-date=Nov 26, 2023 |website=Anadolu Ajansı}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Romey |first=Kristin |date=March 9, 2022 |others=Photographs by Keo, William |title=11 years into Syria's civil war, this is what everyday life looks like |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/11-years-into-civil-war-what-syrian-life-looks-like |url-access=registration |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.is/Bzw9d |archive-date=9 Mar 2022 |website=National Geographic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Twelve years on from the beginning of Syria’s war |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/15/twelve-years-on-from-the-beginning-of-syrias-war |date=15 Mar 2023 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240703160743/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/15/twelve-years-on-from-the-beginning-of-syrias-war |archive-date= Jul 3, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-15 |title=Syrians mark 12 years of civil war with no end in sight |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/syrians-mark-12-years-of-civil-war-with-no-end-in-sight |first1=Amna |last1=Nawaz |first2=Zeba |last2=Warsi |first3=Teresa |last3=Cebrián Aranda |website=PBS News |language=en-us |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620114309/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/syrians-mark-12-years-of-civil-war-with-no-end-in-sight |archive-date= Jun 20, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-03-15 |title=Why has the Syrian war lasted 12 years? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-35806229 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704190001/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-35806229 |archive-date= Jul 4, 2024 }}</ref>}} – present{{Efn|With Ba'athist regime prevailing, the hostilities were mostly put on hold between [[Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019 – March 2020)|6 March 2020]] and [[2024 Syrian opposition offensives|27 November 2024]], when the Syrian opposition launched a campaign of quick successful military offensives in Northwestern Syria, [[Fall of the Assad regime|toppling the Assad regime]] on 8 December. Further fate of the ongoing conflict remains uncertain.}}<br>({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=3|day1=15|year1=2011}})
| title=Support:<!--DO NOT ADD COUNTRIES PROVIDING NON-LETHAL SUPPORT. THIS WAS AGREED UPON AT THE TALK PAGE.!-->
|place=[[Syria]] (with [[Spillover of the Syrian civil war|spillovers]] in neighboring countries)
| {{flag|Saudi Arabia|size=20px}}
| status = [[List of ongoing armed conflicts|Ongoing]]{{blist|
| {{flag|Qatar|size=20px}} <!-- DO NOT ADD TURKEY TWICE. SEE THE NOTE "turkey|a" ATTACHED TO ENTRY!-->
| [[Bashar al-Assad]] is [[Fall of the Assad regime|overthrown]]
| {{flag|France|size=20px}}
| Rebels capture most of Syria and establish [[Syrian transitional government|a transitional government]]
| {{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (Pantone).svg|size=20px}} [[United States]]{{Ref label|america|c}}<br><small>(2011–17)</small><ref>{{cite web|title=Trump ends CIA arms support for anti-Assad Syria rebels: U.S. officials|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-usa-syria-idUSKBN1A42KC|publisher=[[Reuters]]|date=19 July 2017 }}</ref>}}
| Israel [[2024 Israeli invasion of Syria|invades]] the [[Golan Heights]] [[United Nations Disengagement Observer Force|buffer zone]] and the neighboring Syrian towns
| {{flag|Libya|size=20px}} <small>(2011–13)</small><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/8917265/Libyas-new-rulers-offer-weapons-to-Syrian-rebels.html|title=Libya’s new rulers offer weapons to Syrian rebels|publisher=''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''|author=Ruth Sherlock|date=25 November 2011|accessdate=8 April 2017}}<br/>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/22/world/africa/in-a-turnabout-syria-rebels-get-libyan-weapons.html|title=In Turnabout, Syria Rebels Get Libyan Weapons|author1=C. J. Chivers|author2=Eric Schmitt|author3=Mark Mazzetti|date=21 June 2013|accessdate=8 April 2017|publisher=''The New York Times''}}</ref> }}
| The [[Syrian National Army|SNA]] [[2024 Kobani clashes|clashes]] with [[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF]] forces in [[Northeastern Syria]]

----
{{flagicon image|Flag of Ahrar ash-Sham.svg|size=23px}} '''[[Ahrar al-Sham]]'''{{Ref label|conquest|e}}
* <!-- NO FLAGICON PER CONSITENCY-->[[Islamic Front (Syria)|Islamic Front]] / [[Syrian Islamic Front|SIF]] {{nowrap|<small>(2012–15)</small>}}
{{flagicon image|Logo of Jaysh al-Islam.jpg}} [[Jaysh al-Islam]]
{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle=background-color:transparent; text-align:left;
| title=Support:<!--DO NOT ADD COUNTRIES PROVIDING NON-LETHAL SUPPORT. THIS WAS AGREED UPON AT THE TALK PAGE.!-->
| {{flag|Qatar|size=20px}}
| {{flag|Saudi Arabia|size=20px|name=Saudi Arabia}}
| {{flag|Turkey|size=20px}} }}
----
{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham.svg|size=23px}} '''[[Tahrir al-Sham]]'''{{Ref label|AQ|d}}{{Ref label|conquest|e}}}}
* [[Al-Nusra Front]] <small>{{nowrap|(2012–17)}}</small>
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria.svg}} [[Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria|Turkistan Islamic Party]]
{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle=background-color:transparent; text-align:left;
| title=Support:
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg|size=20px}} [[Al-Qaeda]]}}

|combatant3=<div style="vertical-align:sup;">'''{{flag|ISIL|name=Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}}'''{{Ref label|AQ|d}} {{nowrap|<small>(from 2013)</small><ref name="memri">{{cite web|url=http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/7119.htm|title=ISI Confirms That Jabhat Al-Nusra Is Its Extension in Syria, Declares 'Islamic State of Iraq And Al-Sham' As New Name of Merged Group|publisher=MEMRI|date=8 April 2013|accessdate=10 April 2013}}</ref><ref name=bbc-2013-07-12>{{cite news|title=Key Free Syria Army rebel 'killed by Islamist group' |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-23283079 |publisher=BBC News |date=12 July 2013}}</ref><ref name="AlArabiya_9-4-2013">{{cite news|title=Al-Qaeda in Iraq confirms Syria's Nusra Front is part of its network|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2013/04/09/Al-Qaeda-in-Iraq-confirms-Syria-s-Nusra-Front-is-part-of-its-network.html|accessdate=15 June 2014|publisher=Al Arabiya |date=9 April 2013}}</ref>}}
* [[Military of ISIL]]
* [[Khalid ibn al-Walid Army]]
{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle=background-color:transparent; text-align:left;
| title=Support:
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg|size=20px}} [[Al-Qaeda]]<br><small>(2013–14)</small>
}}
}}
|combatant1 = {{center|[[Armed factions in the Syrian civil war#Opposing forces|Full list of factions]]}}
|combatant4 =<div style="vertical-align:sup;">[[File:Flag of Rojava.svg|22px|border]] '''[[Democratic Federation of Northern Syria|Northern Syria]]''' ({{small|[[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF]]}}) ({{small|from 2012}})
|casualties1 = <div class="center">'''Total deaths'''<br>580,000<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 December 2022 |title=Syria |url=https://www.globalr2p.org/countries/syria/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128063728/https://www.globalr2p.org/countries/syria/ |archive-date=28 January 2023 |website=GCR2P}}</ref>–617,910+<ref name="SOHR2024">{{cite news |title=Syrian Revolution 13 years on {{!}} Nearly 618,000 persons killed since the onset of the revolution in March 2011 |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/328044/ |access-date=15 March 2024 |publisher=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights |date=15 March 2024}}</ref><br>'''Civilian deaths'''<br>219,223–306,887+{{efn|88% of whom were killed by government or Russian forces, according to the [[SOHR]]<ref name="SOHR2024"/>}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/06/un-human-rights-office-estimates-more-306000-civilians-were-killed-over-10 |title=UN Human Rights Office estimates more than 306,000 civilians were killed over 10 years in Syria conflict |date=28 June 2022 |publisher=United Nations |access-date=23 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2022-06/A_HRC_50_68_AdvanceUneditedVersion.docx | date= 28 June 2022 | title= Civilian Deaths in the Syrian Arab Republic: Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628112809/https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2022-06/A_HRC_50_68_AdvanceUneditedVersion.docx | archive-date=28 June 2022 |quote= Over the past ten years, civilians have borne the brunt of the conflict, with an estimated 306,887 direct civilian deaths occurring. | publisher=United Nations}}</ref>
* [[People's Protection Units|YPG]]/[[Women's Protection Units|YPJ]]
<br>'''Displaced people'''{{Plainlist|
* [[Syriac Military Council|MFS]]
*6.7 million [[Internally displaced person|internally]]<br>
* [[Al-Sanadid Forces]]
*6.6 million [[Refugees of the Syrian civil war|externally (refugees)]] (March 2021)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unhcr.org/syria-emergency.html|title=Syria emergency|publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)}}</ref>
* [[Syrian Democratic Forces military councils|SDF Military Councils]]'''<br />
{{nowrap|[[File:Flag of the International Freedom Battalion.svg|22px|border]]}}'''[[International Freedom Battalion|International Freedom Battalion]]'''<br />
{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle=background-color:transparent; text-align:left;
| title=Support:<!--DO NOT ADD COUNTRIES PROVIDING NON-LETHAL SUPPORT. THIS WAS AGREED UPON AT THE TALK PAGE.!-->
| {{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (Pantone).svg|size=20px}} [[United States]]<br> <small>(from 2014)</small>}}<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Watson |first1=Ivan |last2=Tuysuz |first2=Gul |last3=CNN |date=29 October 2014 |title=Meet America's newest allies: Syria's Kurdish minority |agency=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/10/29/world/us-newest-allies-syrian-kurds/index.html |access-date=4 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=A. Jaunger |date=30 July 2017 |title=US increases military support to Kurdish-led forces in Syria |agency=[[ARA News]] |via=Inside Syria Media Center |url=https://en.insidesyriamc.com/2017/07/30/us-increases-military-support-to-kurdish-led-forces-in-syria/ |access-date=1 January 2018 }}</ref>
| {{flag|Russia|size=20px}} <small>(from 2015)</small>
| {{nowrap|{{flag|France|size=20px}}<br> <small>(from 2016)</small><ref>{{Cite news |author=Jamie Dettmer |date=9 June 2016 |title=France Deploys Special Forces in Syria as IS Loses Ground |agency=VOA |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/france-deploys-special-forces-as-is-loses-ground/3368969.html |accessdate=1 January 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=9 June 2016 |title=U.S.-backed fighters poised to cut key ISIS supply line |publisher=[[CBS News]] |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/us-backed-sdf-fighters-encircle-isis-stronghold-manbij-near-raqqa-syria/ |accessdate=7 March 2017 }}</ref>}}
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK).svg|size=20px}} [[Kurdistan Workers' Party|PKK]]
| {{flag|Iraqi Kurdistan|size=20px}}
* [[Patriotic Union of Kurdistan|PUK]] <small>(from 2013)</small><ref name=irish13nov>{{cite news |last=Irish |first=John |date=13 November 2013 |title=Syrian Kurdish leader claims military gains against Islamists |agency=Reuters |quote=Muslim said the PYD had received aid, money and weapons from the Iraq-based Kurdistan Democratic Party and Patriotic Union of Kurdistan... |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/13/us-syria-kurds-idUSBRE9AC14C20131113?irpc=932 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114002747/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/13/us-syria-kurds-idUSBRE9AC14C20131113?irpc=932 |archivedate=14 November 2013 |accessdate=12 April 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Ranj Alaaldin |date=16 December 2014 |title=A Dangerous Rivalry for the Kurds |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |quote=Once again, the P.U.K. saw a chance to seize the initiative, by suggesting that it, rather than the Kurdistan regional government or the K.D.P., was providing weapons and supplies to the Syrian Kurdish fighters, who belong to a party that has historically been at odds with the K.D.P. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/17/opinion/a-dangerous-rivalry-for-the-kurds.html?_r=1 |accessdate=12 April 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Jack Murphy |date=23 March 2017 |title=Did Kurdistan’s Counter-Terrorist Group assault the Tabqa Dam in Syria? |publisher=SOFREP |url=https://sofrep.com/77726/kurdistans-counter-terrorist-group-assault-taqba-dam-syria/ |accessdate=29 March 2017 }}</ref>
* [[KDP]] <small>(2013–15)</small> {{r|irish13nov}}<ref>{{Cite news |author=Alexander Whitcomb |date=30 October 2014 |title=Peshmerga advance team in Kobane |publisher=[[Rudaw Media Network]] |url=http://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/301020141 |accessdate=29 March 2017 }}</ref>}}
<!--DO NOT ADD COUNTRIES PROVIDING NON-LETHAL SUPPORT. THIS WAS AGREED UPON AT THE TALK PAGE.!-->
----
{{flagicon image|Seal of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve.svg|border=no|size=25px}} '''[[Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve|CJTF–OIR]]'''<br /><small>(from 2014)</small><br />
{{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (Pantone).svg|size=22px}} [[United States]]{{Ref label|america|c}}<br />{{flag|France|size=22px}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/28/world/europe/france-says-it-has-struck-at-isis-in-syria.html|title=France Says Its Airstrikes Hit an ISIS Camp in Syria |date=28 September 2015|work=The New York Times}}</ref><br />{{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom|size=22px}}}}<br />{{flag|Netherlands|size=22px}}<br />
{{flag|Jordan|size=22px}}<br />{{flag|Germany|size=22px}}<br />
{{flag|Norway|size=22px}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nrttv.com/en/Details.aspx?Jimare=14624|title=COALITION: SPECIAL OPS FORCES TRAIN, EQUIP TWO OPPOSITION GROUPS IN SOUTHERN SYRIA|publisher=[[NRT News]] |date=22 May 2017|accessdate=22 May 2017}}</ref>
{{Collapsible list
|title=Former<br />participants:<!--DO NOT ADD COUNTRIES PROVIDING NON-LETHAL SUPPORT. THIS WAS AGREED UPON AT THE TALK PAGE.!-->
|1=<small>Until 2015</small><br />{{flagicon|Canada|size=22px}} [[Canada]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/government-position-fighter-jets-1.3338186|title=Justin Trudeau to pull fighter jets, keep other military planes in ISIS fight|work=CBC News |last=Barton|first=Rosemary |date=26 November 2015 |accessdate=12 September 2016 }}</ref>
|2=<small>Until 2016</small><br />{{flag|Bahrain|size=22px}}
|3={{flag|Denmark|size=22px}}
|4={{nowrap|{{flag|Saudi Arabia|size=22px}}}}
|5={{flag|UAE|size=22px}}
|6={{flag|Qatar|size=22px}}
|7={{flag|Morocco|size=22px}}
|8=<small>Until 2017</small><br />{{flag|Belgium|size=22px}}
|9={{flag|Australia|size=22px}}
}}
}}
</div>

|commander1={{Plainlist|
* {{center|{{flagdeco|Syria}}}}
* [[Bashar al-Assad]]{{-}}<small>([[President of Syria]])</small>
* [[Fahd Jassem al-Freij]]{{-}}<small>([[Ministry of Defense (Syria)|Minister of Defense]])</small>
* [[Ali Abdullah Ayyoub]]{{-}}<small>(Chief of Staff of the [[Syrian Army|Army]])</small>
* [[Issam Hallaq]] <small>(Chief of Staff of the [[Syrian Arab Air Force|Air Force]])</small>
* [[Suheil al-Hassan]] <small>(Commander of [[Tiger Forces]])</small>
* [[Ali Mamlouk]] <small>(Director of the [[National Security Bureau of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region|National Security Bureau]])</small>
* [[Rafiq Shahadah]] <small>(Head of the [[Military Intelligence Directorate (Syria)|Military Intelligence Directorate]])</small>
* {{center|{{flagdeco|Iran}}}}
* [[Ali Khamenei]] <small>([[Supreme Leader of Iran]])</small>
* [[Qasem Soleimani]] <small>(Commander of [[Quds Force]])</small>
* {{center|{{flagdeco|Russia}}}}
* [[Vladimir Putin]] <small>([[President of Russia]])</small>
{{Collapsible list
|title=<small>'''''Killed in action:'''''</small>
|{{center|{{flagdeco|Syria}}}}
|[[Issam Zahreddine]] <small>(Major General of the [[Republican Guard (Syria)|Republican Guard]])</small>
|[[Assef Shawkat]] <small>(Deputy Minister of Defense)</small><ref>{{cite web|title=Leading Syrian regime figures killed in Damascus bomb attack |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/18/syrian-regime-figures-bomb-attack |website=The Guardian |date=July 2012}}</ref>
|[[Dawoud Rajiha]] <small>(Minister of Defense)</small><ref>{{cite web |date=18 July 2012 |title=Syria defence minister killed in Damascus bomb |work=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=18 July 2012 |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9408303/Syria-defence-minister-killed-in-Damascus-bomb.html }}</ref>
|[[Rustum Ghazaleh]] <small>(Head of Syrian National Intelligence)</small><ref>{{cite news |date=24 April 2015 |title= Syria Remains Silent on Intelligence Official’s Death |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/25/world/middleeast/syria-remains-silent-on-intelligence-officials-death.html?_r=0&referrer= }}</ref>
|[[Hilal al-Assad]]<ref> <small>(Head of [[National Defence Forces (Syria)|National Defence Forces]])</small>{{cite news |date=8 October 2015 |title=Assad cousin killed in Syria's Latakia |publisher=Al Jazeera |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/03/assad-cousin-killed-syria-latakia-201432320159865701.html |accessdate=24 April 2014 }}</ref>
|{{center|{{flagdeco|Iran}}}}
|[[Hossein Hamadani]] <small>([[IRGC]] Major General)</small><ref>{{cite news |date=8 October 2015 |title=Iranian commander Brigadier General Hossein Hamedani killed by Isis while advising Syrian regime |work=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/iranian-commander-brigadier-general-hossein-hamedani-killed-by-isis-while-advising-syrian-regime-a6687276.html|accessdate=31 August 2016 }}</ref>
|[[Hassan Shateri]] <small>(Senior Commander of [[IRGC]])</small><ref>{{cite news |date=13 February 2013 |title=Iranian General Is Killed in Syria |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324162304578302530164834200 |accessdate=31 August 2016 }}</ref>
|{{center|[[File:InfoboxHez.PNG|23px|border]]}}
|[[Samir Kuntar]] <small>(Senior Commander of [[Hezbollah]])</small><ref>{{cite news |date=20 December 2015 |title=Commander of Hezbollah Freed by Israel Is Killed in Syria |publisher=BBC |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/21/world/middleeast/samir-kuntar-hezbollah-syria-israel.html |accessdate=31 August 2016 }}</ref>
|[[Mustafa Badreddine]] <small>(Military Leader of [[Hezbollah]])</small><ref>{{cite news |date=14 May 2016 |title=Obituary: Hezbollah military commander Mustafa Badreddine |publisher=BBC |url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-36284621 |accessdate=31 August 2016 }}</ref>
|[[Mohamad Issa]] <small>([[Hezbollah]] Chief of Operations in Syria)</small><ref>{{cite news |date=19 January 2015 |title=Al-Nusra Front claims responsibility for Hezbollah fighters’ death |publisher=Middle East Monitor |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20150119-hezbollah-fighters-killed-in-al-nusra-front-attack/ |accessdate=31 August 2016 }}</ref>
|[[Jihad Mughniyah]] <small>([[Hezbollah]] Head of Security)</small><ref>{{cite news |date=19 January 2015 |title=Israeli strike on Syrian Golan Heights 'kills son of top military commander and five other fighters from Lebanese Shiite militant group' |work=Daily Mail |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2915635/Israel-kills-son-Hezbollahs-late-military-chief-Syria-Hezbollah-sources.html |accessdate=31 August 2016 }}</ref>
|{{center|[[File:Fatimiyun.jpg|23px|border]]}}
|[[Ali Reza Tavassoli]] <small>(Leader of [[Liwa Fatemiyoun]])</small><ref>{{cite news |date=12 March 2015 |title=Analysis: Shiite Afghan casualties of the war in Syria |work=FDD's Long War Journal |url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/03/analysis-shiite-afghan-casualties-of-the-war-in-syria.php |accessdate=31 August 2016 }}</ref>
|{{center|{{flagicon|Russia}}}}
|Lt. Gen [[Valery Asapov]]<ref>{{cite news |date=25 September 2017 |title=Update 1-Moscow blames 'two-faced U.S. policy' for Russian general's Syria death -RIA |agency=Reuter |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/mideast-crisis-syria-russia-casualties/update-1-moscow-blames-two-faced-u-s-policy-for-russian-generals-syria-death-ria-idUKL8N1M64IX }}</ref>
}}}}
|commander2={{Plainlist|
* {{center|{{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}}}}
* [[Bashar al-Zoubi]] <small>(Commander of the [[Southern Front (Syrian rebel group)|Southern Front]])</small>
* [[Jamal Maarouf]] <small>([[Syrian Revolutionaries Front|SRF]] commander 2012–14)</small>
* {{center|{{flagicon|Turkey}}}}
* Lt. Gen. [[Zekai Aksakallı]] ({{small|Operations chief commander}})<ref>{{cite news |date=24 August 2016 |title=Turkish Special Forces: From stopping a coup to the frontline of the ISIL fight |newspaper=[[Hürriyet Daily News]] |url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-special-forces-from-stopping-a-coup-to-the-frontline-of-the-isil-fight.aspx?pageID=238&nID=103178&NewsCatID=352 }}</ref>
{{Collapsible list
|title=<small>'''''Killed in action:'''''</small>
|{{center|{{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}}}}
|[[Abdul Qader Saleh]] <small>(Founder of [[al-Tawhid Brigade]])</small><ref>{{cite web |date=17 November 2013 |title=Top Syrian rebel commander dies from wounds |agency=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-commander-idUSBRE9AH03H20131118 }}</ref>
}}}}
----
{{Plainlist|
* {{center|{{flagicon image|Flag of Ahrar ash-Sham.svg|50px|border}}}}
* [[Abu Yahia al-Hamawi]] <small>(Leader of [[Ahrar al-Sham]])</small>
* {{center|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Islamic Front (Syria) (Black).svg}}}}
* Ahmed Issa al-Sheikh <small>(Leader of the [[Islamic Front (Syria)|Islamic Front]]; 2012–15)</small><ref name=BBC22Nov>{{cite web |date=22 November 2013 |title=Leading Syrian rebel groups form new Islamic Front|publisher=BBC |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-25053525 |accessdate=22 January 2014 }}</ref>
{{Collapsible list
|title=<small>'''''Killed in action:'''''</small>
|{{center|{{flagicon image|Ahrar al-Sham black standard.png}}}}
|[[Hassan Aboud]] <small>(Leader of [[Ahrar al-Sham]])</small><ref>{{cite web |title=Suicide bombing kills head of Syrian rebel group |work=The Daily Star |url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Sep-09/270137-blast-hits-top-meeting-of-islamist-group-in-syria-monitor.ashx }}</ref>
|[[Abu Khalid al-Suri]] <small>(senior [[al-Qaeda]] Commander, founding member of [[Ahrar al-Sham]])</small><ref>{{cite web |title=Al Qaeda’s chief representative in Syria killed in suicide attack |work=FDD's Long War Journal |url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2014/02/zawahiris_chief_repr.php }}</ref>
|{{center|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Islamic Front (Syria) (Black).svg}}}}
|[[Zahran Alloush]] <small>([[Islamic Front (Syria)|Islamic Front]] Military Chief)</small> {{r|BBC22Nov}}<ref>{{cite web |date=25 December 2015 |title=Russian raids kill prominent Syrian rebel commander |agency=Al Jazeera |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/12/russian-raids-kill-prominent-syrian-rebel-commander-151225142422180.html }}</ref>
}}}}
----
{{Plainlist|
* {{center|{{flagicon image|Flag of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham.svg|border}}}}
* [[Abu Jaber Shaykh]] <small>(Emir of [[Tahrir al-Sham]])</small>
* [[Abu Mohammad al-Julani]] <small>(Military commander of [[Tahrir al-Sham]])</small><ref>{{cite news |date=5 March 2015 |title=Source: Syrian warplanes kill leaders of al-Nusra|author1=Nic Robertson |author2=Paul Cruickshank |lastauthoramp=yes |agency=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/05/middleeast/syria-al-qaeda-strike/ }}</ref>
{{Collapsible list
|title=<small>'''''Killed in action:'''''</small>
|{{center|{{flagicon image|Flag of Jabhat al-Nusra.jpg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Jabhat Fatah al-Sham.svg}}}}
|[[Abu Humam al-Shami]] <small>(Military Chief of al-Nusra Front)</small><ref>{{cite news |date=6 March 2015 |title=Senior Nusra Front commander killed in Syria air strike |agency=Al Jazeera |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/03/syria-nusra-front-commander-killed-air-strike-150305230517103.html |accessdate=3 June 2015 }}</ref>
|[[Abu Firas al-Suri]] <small>(Spokesperson of al-Nusra Front)</small><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2016 |title=Nusra Front spokesman killed by air strike in Syria |publisher=Al Jazeera |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/04/nusra-front-spokesman-killed-strike-syria-160404080317702.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2016 |title=Syria's Qaeda spokesman, 20 jihadists dead in strikes: monitor |agency=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]] |via=Yahoo! |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/syrias-qaeda-spokesman-20-jihadists-dead-strikes-monitor-200452734.html }}</ref>
|Abu Hajer al-Homsi <small>(al-Nusra Front military chief)</small><ref>{{cite web |date=9 September 2016 |title=Air strike kills top commander of former Nusra group in Syria |agency=Reuters |url=http://news.trust.org/item/20160908213024-skwoe/ }}</ref>
|{{center|{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}}}}
|[[Muhsin al-Fadhli]] <small>(Leader of [[Khorasan group|Khorasan]])</small><ref>{{cite news |date=2 July 2015 |title=Leader of Qaeda Cell in Syria, Muhsin al-Fadhli, Is Killed in Airstrike, U.S. Says |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/22/world/middleeast/leader-of-qaeda-cell-in-syria-muhsin-al-fadhli-is-killed-in-airstrike-us-says.html}}</ref>
}}}}
|commander3={{Plainlist|
* {{center|{{flagdeco|ISIL}}}}
* [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]] <small>(Leader of [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|ISIL]])</small><ref>{{cite news |date=1 May 2015 |title=Isis leader incapacitated with suspected spinal injuries after air strike |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/01/isis-abu-bakr-al-baghdadi-incapacitated-suspected-spinal-injuries-iraq }}</ref>
* [[Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi]] <small>(Deputy Leader)</small>
* Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi (2016–present) <small>(Leader of the [[Khalid ibn al-Walid Army]])</small>
{{Collapsible list
|title=<small>'''''Killed in action:'''''</small>
|{{center|{{flagdeco|ISIL}}}}
|[[Haji Bakr]] <small>(Former Deputy leader of ISIL and Head of Military Council)</small><ref>{{cite web
|title=ISIS confirms death of senior leader in Syria |website=FDD's Long War Journal |date=February 2014 |url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2014/02/isis_confirms_death.php |accessdate=16 September 2016 }}</ref>
|[[Abu Ayman al-Iraqi]] <small>(Former Head of Military Council)</small><ref>{{cite web |author=Alessandria Masi |date=11 November 2014 |title=If ISIS Leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi Is Killed, Who Is Caliph Of The Islamic State Group? |work=[[International Business Times]] |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/if-isis-leader-abu-bakr-al-baghdadi-killed-who-caliph-islamic-state-group-1721638 |accessdate=11 June 2015 }}</ref>
|[[Abu Ali al-Anbari]] <small>(Deputy, Syria)</small><ref>{{cite news |last1=Schmidt |first1=Michael S. |last2=Mazzetti |first2=Mark |date=25 March 2016 |title=A Top ISIS Leader Is Killed in an Airstrike, the Pentagon Says |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/world/middleeast/abd-al-rahman-mustafa-al-qaduli-isis-reported-killed-in-syria.html }}</ref>
|[[Abu Omar al-Shishani]] <small>(War Minister)</small><ref>{{cite news |last=Starr |first=Barbara |date=14 March 2016 |title=U.S. assesses ISIS operative Omar al-Shishani is dead |agency=[[CNN]] |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/03/14/politics/u-s-confirms-death-of-isis-operative-omar-al-shishani/index.html }}</ref>
|[[Abu Umar al-Tunisi]] <small>(Senior Leader)</small><ref>{{cite news |last=Ryan |first=Missy |date=3 July 2015 |title=U.S. drone strike kills a senior Islamic State militant in Syria |work=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/drone-kills-top-islamic-state-militant-in-syria-a-day-after-brother-was-slain/2015/07/02/7e3a0598-20fc-11e5-bf41-c23f5d3face1_story.html |accessdate=31 August 2016}}</ref>
|[[Abu Sayyaf (ISIL)|Abu Sayyaf]] <small>(Oil Minister)</small><ref>{{cite news |last1=Starr |first1=Barbara |last2=Conlon |first2=Kevin |date=19 May 2015 |title=U.S. names ISIS commander killed in raid |agency=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/05/19/us/isis-abu-sayyaf-name/ |accessdate=31 August 2016 }}</ref>
|[[Abu Muslim al-Turkmani]] <small>(Deputy Leader)</small><ref>{{cite news |last1=Starr |first1=Barbara |last2=Acosta |first2=Jim |date=22 August 2015 |title=U.S.: ISIS No.2 killed in US drone strike in Iraq |agency=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/08/21/middleeast/isis-no2-believed-killed/index.html }}</ref>
|[[Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi]] <small>(Head of Military Council)</small><ref>{{cite news |last=Sherlock |first=Ruth |date=9 July 2014 |title=Inside the leadership of Islamic State: how the new 'caliphate' is run |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10956280/Inside-the-leadership-of-Islamic-State-how-the-new-caliphate-is-run.html |accessdate=31 August 2016 }}</ref>
|[[Gulmurod Khalimov]] <small>(Minister of War)</small> <ref>{{cite news |date=6 September 2016 |title=Isis: US-trained Tajik special forces chief Gulmurod Khalimov becomes Isis war minister |agency=International Business Times |via=Yahoo News |url=http://uk.news.yahoo.com/isis-us-trained-tajik-special-150308829.html }}</ref>
|{{center|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade.svg}}}}
|[[Muhammad al-Baridi]] <small>(Founder of [[Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade]])</small><ref>{{cite |last1=Sands |first1=Phil |last2=Maayeh |first2=Suha web |date=17 November 2015 |title=Death of ‘ISIL commander’ in southern Syria a blow to the group |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/death-of-isil-commander-in-southern-syria-a-blow-to-the-group-1.79259 }}</ref>
}}}}
|commander4={{Plainlist|
* {{center|[[File:Flag of Rojava.svg|22px|border]]}}
* [[Riad Darar]] <small>(Co-chairperson of the [[Syrian Democratic Council|MSD]])</small>
* [[Îlham Ehmed]] <small>(Co-chairperson of the [[Syrian Democratic Council|MSD]])</small>
* [[Salih Muslim Muhammad|Salih Muhammad]] <small>(Co-President of the [[Democratic Union Party (Syria)|PYD]])</small>
* [[Asya Abdullah]] <small>(Co-President of the [[Democratic Union Party (Syria)|PYD]])</small>
* {{center|{{flagicon image|Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg}} {{flagicon image|People's Protection Units Flag.svg}}}}
* Sipan Hemo <small>(Commander of the [[People's Protection Units|YPG]])</small>
----
* {{center|{{Flagicon|United States}}{{flagicon|United States Army|border}}}}
* [[Stephen J. Townsend]] <small>(Commander of CJTF-OIR)</small><ref>{{cite news |date=22 August 2016 |title=New Operation Inherent Resolve commander continues fight against ISIL |agency=Army Worldwide News |url=https://www.army.mil/article/173729/new_operation_inherent_resolve_commander_continues_fight_against_isil }}</ref>
}}
}}
<noinclude>
|strength1=[[Syrian Armed Forces]]: 180,000<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength-detail.asp?country_id=Syria|title= Syria military strength| publisher=Global Fire Power|date= 17 October 2015}}</ref><br />
{{Clear}}
[[General Security Directorate (Syria)|General Security Directorate]]: 8,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2013/Aug-28/228953-syrias-diminished-security-forces.ashx|title=Syria's diminished security forces|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=28 August 2013|accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref><br />
National Defense Force: 80,000<ref>[http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Analysis/2014/Jun-16/260266-isis-iraq-offensive-could-trigger-hezbollah-to-fill-gap-left-in-syria.ashx ISIS’ Iraq offensive could trigger Hezbollah to fill gap left in Syria] ''[[The Daily Star (Lebanon)|The Daily Star]]'', 16 June 2014</ref><br />Eagles of the Whirlwind: 6,000-8,000<ref>https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/03/28/the-eagles-of-the-whirlwind/</ref>
Hezbollah: 6,000–8,000<ref name="legion" /><br />
Ba'ath Brigades: 7,000<br />Liwa Al-Quds: 4,000-8,000 Russia: 4,000 troops<ref>http://www.businessinsider.com/russias-syria-force-has-reportedly-grown-to-4000-people-2015-11</ref> and 1,000 contractors <ref>https://www.wsj.com/articles/up-to-nine-russian-contractors-die-in-syria-experts-say-1450467757</ref><br />
Iran: 3,000–5,000<ref name="legion">{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/iran-foreign-legion-leads-battle-in-syrias-north-1455672481|title=Iran ‘Foreign Legion’ Leads Battle in Syria’s North|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=17 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syria-civil-war-state-of-the-art-technology-gives-president-assad-s-army-the-edge-a6898741.html|title=State-of-the-art technology is giving Assad’s army the edge in Syria|date=26 February 2016|publisher=}}</ref><br />
Other allied groups: 15,500+
|strength2=FSA: 40,000–50,000<ref>{{cite news|last=Cockburn|first=Patrick|title=West suspends aid for Islamist rebels in Syria, underlining their disillusionment with those forces opposed to President Bashar al-Assad|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/west-suspends-aid-for-islamist-rebels-in-syria-underlining-their-disillusionment-with-those-forces-opposed-to-president-bashar-alassad-8998891.html|newspaper=The Independent|date=11 December 2013}}</ref> <small>(2013)</small><br />
Islamic Front: 40,000–70,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/03/04/islamic_front_isis_syria|title=Front to Back|work=Foreign Policy}}</ref> <small>(2014)</small><br />
Other groups: 12,500<ref name="Guardian70K">[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/30/70000-syrian-fighters-david-cameron-islamic-state-airstrikes Who are these 70,000 Syrian fighters David Cameron is relying on?]. Retrieved 18 February 2016.</ref> <small>(2015)</small><br />
----
Ahrar al-Sham: 18,000–20,000+<ref name="killing ground">{{cite web|url=http://www.atimes.com/article/syrias-idlib-groomed-islamist-killing-ground/|title=Is Syria’s Idlib being groomed as Islamist killing ground?|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/03/15/al-qaeda-is-swallowing-the-syrian-opposition/|title=Al Qaeda Is Starting to Swallow the Syrian Opposition|publisher=}}</ref> <small>(March 2017)</small>
----
Tahrir al-Sham: 31,000<ref name="surfacing">{{cite web|url=http://english.aawsat.com/2017/01/article55366551/syria-surfacing-haiat-tahrir-al-sham-threatens-truce|title=Syria: Surfacing of ‘Hai’at Tahrir al-Sham’ Threatens Truce|first=Nazeer|last=Rida|date=30 January 2017|publisher=Asharq Al-Awsat}}</ref><br />
----
''41,500 Rebels by June 2017''<br><small>(Acc. Russian [[Ministry of Defence (Russia)|MOD]])</small><ref>[https://syria.liveuamap.com/en/2017/5-may-numbers-of-rebels-according-to-the-russian-minister Numbers of rebels according to the Russian Minister of Defense.]</ref>
|strength3=15,000–20,000 {{nowrap|<small>(U.S. claim, late 2016)</small>}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/11/isis-ranks-dwindle-to-15000-amid-retreat-on-all-fronts-claims-pentagon |title=Isis ranks dwindle to 15,000 amid 'retreat on all fronts', claims Pentagon |work=The Guardian |date=11 August 2016 |accessdate=13 August 2016}}</ref> 1,000 {{nowrap|<small>(U.S. claim, late 2017)</small>}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://qasioun-news.com/en/news/show/120758 |title= EXCLUSIVE: ISIS Took The Decision To Withdraw From Deir Ezzor |work=Qasion News |date=28 December 2017 |accessdate=28 December 2017}}</ref>
|strength4=SDF: 50,000+<ref name="only ISIS is a target">{{cite web|url=http://aranews.net/2017/01/us-assistant-secretary-of-defense-tells-turkey-only-isis-a-target-not-kurds/|title=US Assistant Secretary of Defense tells Turkey only ISIS is a target, not Kurds – ARA News|date=16 January 2017|publisher=}}</ref><ref name="take Raqqa">{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/10/middleeast/syria-race-for-raqqa-isis/index.html|title=The race to retake Raqqa from ISIS|first=Tim Lister|last=CNN|website=CNN}}</ref>
* YPG and YPJ: 57,000–60,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/op-ed_will-the-islamic-state-last-through-2015_368806.html|title=Will the Islamic State last through 2015?|work=Today's Zaman|accessdate=4 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telesurtv.net/english/news/Kurdish-Women-Turning-Kobani-into-a-Living-Hell-for-Islamic-State-20141014-0072.html|title=Kurdish Women Turning Kobani into a Living 'Hell' for Islamic State}}</ref><br /> ({{small|most, not all, part of the SDF}})
* Syriac Military Council (MFS): 2,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.welt.de/politik/ausland/article138396610/Die-Barbaren-wollen-uns-alle-unterwerfen.html|title=Syrien: Christen lassen sich von IS nicht vertreiben|work=Die Welt|date=14 March 2015|accessdate=14 March 2015}}</ref>
* Al-Sanadid Forces: 4,500+<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ctc.usma.edu/v2/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/CTC-Sentinel_Vol10Iss6-4.pdf|title = The Battle for Raqqa and the Challenges after Liberation|author= Hassan Hassan|date = 2017|journal = CTC Sentinel |publisher = [[Combating Terrorism Center]]|issue = 6|volume = 10|location = [[West Point, New York]]|pages = 1–10|ref=harv}}</ref>
* SDF Military Councils: 10,000+<ref name=spokesman>{{cite web|url=http://aranews.net/2016/06/us-coalition-spokesman-arabs-leading-manbij-campaign-not-kurds/|title=US coalition spokesman: Arabs are leading Manbij campaign, not Kurds – ARA News|date=4 June 2016|accessdate=6 June 2016}}</ref><ref name=bastion>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/afp/article-3625939/US-backed-Syrian-rebels-advance-IS-bastion.html|title=US-backed fighters close in on IS Syria bastion|accessdate=6 June 2016}}</ref><ref name=soon>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-deiralzor-idUSKCN1B516W|title=U.S.-backed forces to attack Syria's Deir al-Zor soon: SDF official|work=Reuters|author=Rodi Said|date=25 August 2017}}</ref>
|casualties1={{flagdeco|Syria|size=23px}} '''Syrian Government:'''<br />
63,251–98,251 soldiers killed<ref name=SOHR>{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=80436|title=About 500000 persons were killed in Syria during 81 months after the Syrian Revolution started|last=|first=|date=10 December 2017|website=|publisher=}}</ref><ref name=SOHR1>{{Cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=8103|title=Tantalizing promises of Bashar al- Assad kill more than 11000 fighters of his forces during 5 months.|last=|first=|date=17 December 2014|website=|publisher=SOHR|access-date=15 December 2016}}</ref><br />
48,112–62,112 militiamen killed<ref name=SOHR /><ref name=SOHR1 /><br />4,700 soldiers and militiamen and 2,000 supporters captured<ref name=SOHR /><br />
[[File:InfoboxHez.PNG|23px|border]] '''Hezbollah:'''<br />1,592–1,800 killed<ref name=SOHR /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jns.org/news-briefs/2017/10/25/report-hezbollah-to-leave-syria-in-2018-to-prepare-for-conflict-with-israel#.WfDGZFuCyUk=|title=Report: Hezbollah to leave Syria in 2018 to prepare for conflict with Israel|work=Jewish News Service|accessdate=25 October 2017}}</ref><br />
{{flagicon|Russia}} '''Russia:'''<br />43 [[Russian Armed Forces casualties in Syria|soldiers]]<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2017 |title=How 'Wagner' came to Syria |work=[[The Economist]] |url=https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21730873-captured-soldiers-cast-light-work-shadowy-group-how-wagner-came-syria }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=4 January 2018 |title=Герои войны: потери Вооруженных сил РФ в ходе сирийской операции |trans-title=Heroes of war: losses of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation during the Syrian operation |agency=[[TASS]] |quote=According to official publications of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and representatives of Russian regional authorities, during the military operation in Syria, which began September 30, 2015, 43 Russian servicemen were killed as a result of the fighting. |url=http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/3445013 }}</ref><!--<ref name="helicrash">{{cite web|url=https://www.rt.com/news/414879-russian-mi-24-helicopter-crashed/|title=Russian Mi-24 helicopter crashed in Syria, both pilots killed – MoD|website=rt.com|date=3 January 2018|accessdate=3 January 2018}}</ref><ref name="shelling">{{cite web|url=https://www.rt.com/news/414966-khmeimim-base-shelling-killed/|title=2 Russian military personnel killed in shelling of Khmeimim air base in Syria|website=rt.com|date=4 January 2018|accessdate=4 January 2018}}</ref>--> and 81–131+ [[Russian Armed Forces casualties in Syria|contractors]] killed<br>
'''Other non-Syrian fighters:'''<br />7,481 killed<ref name=SOHR /> <small>(1,455 Iranian-led)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thearabweekly.com/?id=9745|title=Ayatollah Khamenei’s Shia International looms large|publisher=}}</ref>
|casualties2= 122,539–163,539 fighters killed{{ref label|casualties2|f}}<ref name=SOHR /><ref name=SOHR1 /><br />
979 protesters killed<ref name="almost11,500">{{cite web|url=http://ansamed.ansa.it/ansamed/en/news/sections/politics/2012/03/19/visualizza_new.html_134589467.html|title=Syria: Opposition, almost 11,500 civilians killed|publisher=Ansamed.ansa.it|date=19 March 2012|accessdate=27 August 2013}}</ref>

----
{{flagicon|Turkey}} '''Turkey:'''<br />99 [[Casualties of the Syrian Civil War#Foreign soldiers killed|soldiers killed]]
|casualties3= 24,232+ killed <small>(per SOHR)</small><ref>8,000 killed in fighting (29 June 2014–28 June 2015),[https://www.geo.tv/latest/4174-is-executes-over-3000-in-syria-in-year-long-caliphate-] 417 killed in [[Palmyra offensive (March 2016)]],[https://townhall.com/news/politics-elections/2016/03/28/syrian-forces-pursue-campaign-against-islamic-state-after-retaking-palmyra-n2139741] 47 killed in fighting with rebels (27–29 May 2016),[http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/212933] 1,026 killed in [[Manbij offensive]],[http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=49446] 283 killed in [[Palmyra offensive (2017)]],[http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=62142] 1,291 killed in [[Battle of Raqqa (2017)]],[http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=74659] 1,186 killed in [[Central Syria campaign (July 2017–present)]], [http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=73818] [http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=73812][http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=74217] [http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=73842][http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=75386][http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=75272] 538 executed (29 June 2014–23 September 2017),[http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=70814] 7,176 killed in U.S. air-strikes (22 September 2014–23 September 2017),[http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=74791] 4,258 killed in Russian air-strikes (30 September 2015–01 August 2017),[http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=75268] total of 24,232+ reported killed</ref><br />20,711+ killed <small>(per YPG and SAA)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.diclehaber.com/en/news/content/view/437247?from=2102159856|title=YPG releases balance-sheet of 2014: Nearly 5,000 ISIS members killed|publisher=}}<br />{{cite web|url=https://syria360.wordpress.com/2016/01/01/balance-of-the-war-against-hostile-groups-in-rojava-northern-syria-year-2015/|title=Balance of the War Against Hostile Groups in Rojava, Northern Syria: Year 2015|publisher=}}<br />[https://www.ypgrojava.org/YPG-releases-the-2016-balance-sheet-of-war YPG releases the 2016 balance sheet of war]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sputniknews.com/middleeast/20141225/1016239222.html|title=Syrian Army Kills Nearly 5,000 IS Militants in Three Months: Source|date=25 December 2014|publisher=sputniknews.com}}<br />{{cite web|url=http://sana.sy/en/?p=72949|title=The army takes full control of Palmyra city, hundreds of ISIS terrorists killed – Syrian Arab News Agency|publisher=}}</ref>
|casualties4= [[File:Flag of Rojava.svg|22px|border]] '''DFNS:'''<br />3,834 killed<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2015/12/03/syrian-kurds-are-winning/|title=The Syrian Kurds Are Winning!|author=Jonathan Steele|work=The New York Review of Books|accessdate=12 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ypgrojava.org/YPG-releases-the-2016-balance-sheet-of-war|title=YPG releases the 2016 balance sheet of war – English|website=www.ypgrojava.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://aranews.net/2017/04/at-least-82-kurdish-ypg-fighters-killed-in-recent-clashes-with-isis-turkish-army/|title=At least 82 Kurdish YPG fighters killed in recent clashes with ISIS, Turkish army – ARA News|date=4 April 2017|publisher=}}</ref>
----
{{flagicon image|Seal of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve.svg|border=no}} '''[[Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve|CJTF–OIR]]:'''<br />5 killed<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Marine-is-first-US-death-in-operations-against-Islamic-State/articleshow/44263023.cms|title=Marine is first US death in operations against Islamic State|work=The Times of India|accessdate=25 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-31129416|title=Jordan pilot murder: Islamic State deploys asymmetry of fear|date=4 February 2015|publisher=|via=www.bbc.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/24/world/middleeast/syria-warplanes-turkey.html|title=American Is Killed in First Casualty for U.S. Forces in Syria Combat|date=24 November 2016|work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/us-service-member-killed-accident-syria/story?id=47658836|title=US service member killed in Syria identified as 22-year-old from Georgia|first=A. B. C.|last=News|date=27 May 2017|website=ABC News}}</ref>
|notes=<big><div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
'''103,490'''<ref name=SOHR />'''–110,218'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vdc-sy.org/index.php/en/home|title=Violations Documenting Center|date=8 February 2017|accessdate=8 February 2017|publisher=Violations Documenting Center}}</ref> ('''3,284''' [[Casualties of the Syrian Civil War#Foreign civilians killed|foreign]]; mostly Palestinian) civilian deaths documented by opposition<br />
'''71''' [[Casualties of the Syrian Civil War#Foreign soldiers killed|other foreign soldiers]] killed<br /><small>({{flagicon|Lebanon}} 48, {{flagicon|Iraq}} 16, {{flagicon|Jordan}} 7)</small>
----
'''Total killed:'''<br />
'''346,612–481,612''' (December 2017 [[Syrian Observatory for Human Rights|SOHR]] estimate)<ref name=SOHR /><br />
'''470,000''' (February 2016 [[SCPR]] estimate)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/11/report-on-syria-conflict-finds-115-of-population-killed-or-injured|title=Report on Syria conflict finds 11.5% of population killed or injured|first=Ian Black Middle East|last=editor|date=10 February 2016|publisher=|via=The Guardian}}</ref>
----
Over '''7,600,000''' [[Displaced person|internally displaced]] (July 2015 [[UNHCR]] estimate)
Over '''5,116,097''' [[Refugees of the Syrian Civil War|refugees]] (July 2017 registered by ''[[UNHCR]]'')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/regional.php|title=UNHCR Syria Regional Refugee Response|first=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|last=(UNHCR)|publisher=}}</ref></div></big>
----
{{Note label|FSA|a}} The FSA was a centralized organization from 2011 until early 2013. Since then, the use of their name by armed groups has been arbitrary.<br />
{{Note label|turkey|b}} Turkey has provided arms support to the Syrian opposition since 2011. From August 2016 to March 2017, Turkey fought alongside a rebel contingent in [[Aleppo governorate]] against the SDF and [[Islamic State of Iraq and Levant|ISIL]] but not against the Syrian government.<br />
{{Note label|america|c}} From Sep. to Nov. 2016, the U.S. fought alongside a rebel contingent in [[Aleppo governorate]] solely against ISIL, but not against the Syrian government or the SDF.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2016/09/16/u-s-special-operations-forces-begin-new-role-alongside-turkish-troops-in-syria/|work=The Washington Post|date=16 September 2016|accessdate=16 September 2016|title=U.S. Special Operations forces begin new role alongside Turkish troops in Syria|author=Thomas Gibbons-Neff}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.militarytimes.com/articles/us-halts-military-support-for-turkeys-fight-in-key-islamic-state-town|publisher=MilitaryTimes|title=U.S. halts military support for Turkey’s fight in key Islamic State town|author=Andrew Tilghman|date=16 November 2016|accessdate=4 January 2017}}</ref> In 2017, the U.S. [[List of United States attacks on the Syrian government during the Syrian Civil War|intentionally attacked the Syrian government]] six times, while it [[September 2016 Deir ez-Zor air raid|accidentally hit a Syrian base]] in Sep. 2016, killing over 100 SAA soldiers. The Syrian government maintains that this was an intentional attack.<ref name=knew>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-coalition-knew-bombing-syrian-army-deir-ezzor/|title=US Coalition knew they were bombing the Syrian Army in Deir Ezzor|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=27 September 2016|publisher=}}</ref><br />
{{Note label|AQ|d}} [[Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]'s predecessor (the [[Al-Nusra Front]]) and [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|ISIL]]'s predecessor ([[Islamic State of Iraq|ISI]]) were allied [[al-Qaeda]] branches until April 2013. An ISI-proposed merger of the two into ISIL was rejected by the Al-Nusra Front and al-Qaeda cut all affiliation with ISIL in February 2014.<br />
{{Note label|conquest|e}} [[Ahrar al-Sham]] and [[Tahrir al-Sham]]'s predecessor, the [[Al-Nusra Front]], were allied under the [[Army of Conquest]] from March 2015 to January 2017.<br />
{{Note label|casualties2|f}} Number includes Kurdish and ISIL fighters, whose deaths are also listed in their separate columns.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.3news.co.nz/world/more-than-215000-killed-in-syria-since-2011-2015031605|title=More than 215,000 killed in Syria since 2011|publisher=3news.co.nz}}</ref><ref name=SOHR />

}}<noinclude>


== References ==
== References ==
{{notelist}}
{{Notelist}}
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Documentation}}
{{Documentation}}

[[Category:Syrian Civil War templates]]
== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book
|last=Rashid
|first=Bedir Mulla
|translator=Obaida Hitto
|title=Military and Security Structures of the Autonomous Administration in Syria
|url=http://omranstudies.org/publications/reports/download/68_d403f01ed28320cb2e67b13cffb381c7.html
|orig-year=1st pub. 2017
|date=2018
|publisher=Omran for Strategic Studies
|location=[[Istanbul]]
}}
</noinclude>
</noinclude>

Latest revision as of 16:47, 27 December 2024

Syrian civil war
Part of the First Arab Spring, Arab Winter, Second Arab Spring, Iraqi Civil War, War against the Islamic State, War on Terror, Kurdish–Turkish and Arab–Israeli conflicts; and the Iran–Turkey, Iran–Israel, Iran–Saudi, Qatar–Saudi and Russia-U.S. proxy wars

Military situation as of December 24, 2024 at 2:00pm ET
Syrian transitional government:
  Tahrir al-Sham and allies
  Arab defectors from the SDF
  Southern Operations Room[1][2]
Autonomous Administration of
North and East Syria:
  Syrian Democratic Forces and American occupation
Syrian Interim Government:
  Syrian National Army and Turkish occupation
Other former rebel forces:
  Syrian Free Army
  Syrian Free Army and American occupation
Others:
  Russian occupation
  Israeli occupation[a]
  Uncertain/mixed
(full list of factions, detailed map)
Date15 March 2011 (2011-03-15)[b] – present[c]
(13 years, 9 months, 1 week and 6 days)
Location
Syria (with spillovers in neighboring countries)
Status Ongoing
Belligerents
Full list of factions
Casualties and losses
Total deaths
580,000[13]–617,910+[14]
Civilian deaths
219,223–306,887+[d][15][16]
Displaced people

References

  1. ^ The Israeli occupation of the Golan Heights is shown in light grey. The Golan Heights has been under de facto Israeli control since 1967. Israeli sovereignty was recognized by the United States in 2019, but is not recognized by the United Nations or any member states except the United States and Israel.[3][4]
  2. ^ Attributed to multiple sources:[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
  3. ^ With Ba'athist regime prevailing, the hostilities were mostly put on hold between 6 March 2020 and 27 November 2024, when the Syrian opposition launched a campaign of quick successful military offensives in Northwestern Syria, toppling the Assad regime on 8 December. Further fate of the ongoing conflict remains uncertain.
  4. ^ 88% of whom were killed by government or Russian forces, according to the SOHR[14]
  1. ^ Sources:
    • "Syria authorities say armed groups have agreed to disband". Arab News. 24 December 2024. Archived from the original on 25 December 2024.
    • Hamidi, Ibrahim (25 December 2024). "Four key challenges for Syria's new government". Al Majalla. Archived from the original on 25 December 2024.
    • "Syria says ex-rebel groups agree to integrate under Defence Ministry". Al Jazeera. 24 December 2024. Archived from the original on 26 December 2024.
  2. ^ Sources:
  3. ^ "Golan Heights: Trump signs order recognising occupied area as Israeli". BBC News. 25 March 2019.
  4. ^ "The Golan Heights: What's at Stake With Trump's Recognition". www.cfr.org. Council on Foreign Relations. 28 March 2019.
  5. ^ "Syrian Civil War Enters 10th Year". Voice of America. RFE/RL. 2020-03-15. Archived from the original on Apr 3, 2024.
  6. ^ "Syria: Grim 10-year anniversary of 'unimaginable violence and indignities'". UN News. 2021-03-15. Archived from the original on Mar 13, 2024.
  7. ^ Sherlock, Ruth; Neuman, Scott; Homsi, Nada (March 15, 2021). "Syria's Civil War Started A Decade Ago. Here's Where It Stands". NPR. Archived from the original on Apr 18, 2024.
  8. ^ Ozcan, Ethem Emre (March 14, 2021). "10 years since start of Syrian civil war". Anadolu Ajansı. Archived from the original on Nov 26, 2023.
  9. ^ Romey, Kristin (March 9, 2022). "11 years into Syria's civil war, this is what everyday life looks like". National Geographic. Photographs by Keo, William. Archived from the original on 9 Mar 2022.
  10. ^ "Twelve years on from the beginning of Syria's war". Al Jazeera. 15 Mar 2023. Archived from the original on Jul 3, 2024.
  11. ^ Nawaz, Amna; Warsi, Zeba; Cebrián Aranda, Teresa (2023-03-15). "Syrians mark 12 years of civil war with no end in sight". PBS News. Archived from the original on Jun 20, 2024.
  12. ^ "Why has the Syrian war lasted 12 years?". BBC News. 2016-03-15. Archived from the original on Jul 4, 2024.
  13. ^ "Syria". GCR2P. 1 December 2022. Archived from the original on 28 January 2023.
  14. ^ a b "Syrian Revolution 13 years on | Nearly 618,000 persons killed since the onset of the revolution in March 2011". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 15 March 2024. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
  15. ^ "UN Human Rights Office estimates more than 306,000 civilians were killed over 10 years in Syria conflict". United Nations. 28 June 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  16. ^ "Civilian Deaths in the Syrian Arab Republic: Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights". United Nations. 28 June 2022. Archived from the original on 28 June 2022. Over the past ten years, civilians have borne the brunt of the conflict, with an estimated 306,887 direct civilian deaths occurring.
  17. ^ "Syria emergency". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).

Bibliography

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