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{{Short description|none}}
[[File:Hurricane Andrew.jpg|right|thumb|275px|[[Hurricane Andrew]] approaching south Florida in August 1992. Andrew became the first Category 5 hurricane to strike the state since the [[1935 Labor Day hurricane]].]]
<!-- "none" is a legitimate description when the title is already adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
The '''List of Florida hurricanes''' encompasses approximately 500&nbsp;[[Tropical cyclone|tropical]] or [[subtropical cyclone]]s <!--as of 2017-->that affected the state of [[Florida]]. More storms hit Florida than any other [[U.S. state]],<ref name=WDL1>{{cite web|title=After Great Hurricane of 1896|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/4032/|publisher=World Digital Library|accessdate=19 January 2013}}</ref> and since 1851 only eighteen hurricane seasons passed without a known storm impacting the state. Collectively, cyclones that hit the region have resulted in over 10,000 deaths, most of which occurring prior to the start of [[Hurricane Hunters]] flights in 1943. Additionally, the cumulative impact from the storms totaled over $141&nbsp;billion<!-- Prior to Hurricane Irma, for which damage estimates are still being calculated. --> in damage (2017&nbsp;USD), primarily from [[Hurricane Andrew]], [[Hurricane Irma]] and hurricanes in the [[2004 Atlantic hurricane season|2004]] and [[2005 Atlantic hurricane season|2005]] seasons.
[[File:Milton 2024-10-09 1840Z.jpg|thumb|[[Hurricane Milton]], the most recent landfalling Florida major hurricane on October 9, 2024]]
Approximately 500&nbsp;[[Tropical cyclone|tropical]] and [[subtropical cyclone]]s <!--as of 2017-->have affected the state of [[Florida]]. More storms hit Florida than any other [[U.S. state]],<ref name=WDL1>{{cite web|title=After Great Hurricane of 1896|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/4032/|publisher=World Digital Library|access-date=19 January 2013|archive-date=26 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126044942/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/4032/|url-status=live}}</ref> and since 1851 only eighteen hurricane seasons passed without a known storm impacting the state. Collectively, cyclones that hit the region have resulted in over 10,000 deaths, most of which occurred prior to the start of [[hurricane hunter]] flights in 1943. Additionally, the cumulative impact from the storms has totalled over US$300&nbsp;billion in damage (2018&nbsp;dollars), primarily from [[Hurricane Andrew]], [[Hurricane Irma]] and [[Hurricane Ian]] in the [[1992 Atlantic hurricane season|1992]], [[2017 Atlantic hurricane season|2017]], and [[2022 Atlantic hurricane season|2022]] seasons respectively. The most recent hurricane to make landfall in Florida was [[Hurricane Milton]] in [[2024 Atlantic hurricane season|2024]].


==Climatology==
==Climatology==


Tropical cyclones have affected Florida in every month of the year with the exceptions of January and March. Nearly one-third of the cyclones affected the state in September, and nearly three-fourths of the storms affected the state between August and October, which coincides with the peak of the hurricane season. Portions of the coastline have return periods, or expected time between hurricane strikes of a certain intensity or category within {{convert|86|mi|km|lk=on}} of a given location, that are the lowest in the country. [[Monroe County, Florida|Monroe County]] was struck by 26 hurricanes since [[1926 Atlantic hurricane season|1926]], which is the greatest total for any county in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|author=National Hurricane Center|year=2006|title=Tropical Cyclone Climatology|access-date=2007-10-02|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastprofile.shtml|archive-date=2007-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213074803/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastprofile.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{most intense US hurricanes|align=right}}


In a ''[[Monthly Weather Review]]'' paper published in 1934, the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|U.S. Weather Bureau]] recognized [[Key West, Florida|Key West]] and [[Pensacola, Florida|Pensacola]] as the most hurricane-prone cities in the state; Key West experiences both storms developing from the western Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean, while Pensacola has received hurricanes crossing the state as well as storms recurving in the northern [[Gulf of Mexico]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Richard Gray|year=1933|title=Florida Hurricanes|publisher=U.S. Weather Bureau|access-date=2007-10-02|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/061/mwr-061-01-0011.pdf|archive-date=2008-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216110509/http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/061/mwr-061-01-0011.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Officially, the earliest hurricane to affect the state was [[Hurricane Alma (1966)|Hurricane Alma]] on June&nbsp;9; the latest, [[Hurricane Kate (1985)|Hurricane Kate]] on November&nbsp;21. However, preliminary [[Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project|reanalysis]] suggests that a hurricane may have struck the state on May&nbsp;28, [[1863 Atlantic hurricane season#Other storms|1863]].<ref name="Hurricane Amanda Report">{{cite journal|author=Michael Chenoweth and Cary J. Mock |title = Hurricane "Amanda": Rediscovery of a Forgotten U.S. Civil War Florida Hurricane |journal = Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. |volume = 94 |issue = 11 |pages = 1735–42 |date = 2013 |doi = 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00171.1 |bibcode = 2013BAMS...94.1735C|s2cid = 123011306 |doi-access = free }}</ref>
Tropical cyclones have affected Florida in every month of the year with the exceptions of January and March. Nearly one-third of the cyclones affected the state in September, and nearly three-fourths of the storms affected the state between August and October, which coincides with the peak of the hurricane season. Portions of the coastline have the lowest return period, or the frequency at which a certain intensity or category of hurricane can be expected within 86&nbsp;[[Statute mile|mi]] (139&nbsp;[[Kilometre|km]]) of a given location, in the country. [[Monroe County, Florida|Monroe County]] was struck by 26 hurricanes since [[1926 Atlantic hurricane season|1926]], which is the greatest total for any county in the [[United States]].<ref>{{cite web|author=National Hurricane Center|year=2006|title=Tropical Cyclone Climatology|accessdate=2007-10-02|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastprofile.shtml}}</ref>


The strongest tropical cyclone to make landfall on the state was the [[1935 Labor Day hurricane]], which crossed the [[Florida Keys]] with a pressure of {{convert|892|mbar|inHg|lk=on}}; it is also the strongest hurricane on record to strike the United States. Out of the ten most intense landfalling United States hurricanes, four struck Florida at peak strength.{{Atlantic hurricane best track}}
In a ''[[Monthly Weather Review]]'' paper published in 1934, the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|U.S. Weather Bureau]] recognized [[Key West, Florida|Key West]] and [[Pensacola, Florida|Pensacola]] as the most hurricane-prone cities in the state; Key West experiences both storms developing from the western [[Atlantic Ocean]] and the [[Caribbean Sea]], while Pensacola has received hurricanes crossing the state as well as storms recurving in the northern [[Gulf of Mexico]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Richard Gray|year=1933|title=Florida Hurricanes|publisher=U.S. Weather Bureau|accessdate=2007-10-02|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/061/mwr-061-01-0011.pdf|format=PDF}}</ref> The earliest storm to affect the state was the [[1952 Groundhog Day Tropical Storm]], and the latest storm to impact the state was a hurricane making landfall on December&nbsp;1, 1925.

The strongest tropical cyclone to make landfall on the state was the [[Labor Day Hurricane of 1935]], which crossed the [[Florida Keys]] with a pressure of 892&nbsp;[[Millibar|mbar]] ([[Pascal (unit)|hPa]]; 26.35&nbsp;[[inHg]]); it is also the strongest hurricane on record to strike the United States. Out of the ten most intense landfalling United States hurricanes, four struck Florida at peak strength.{{Atlantic hurricane best track}}


== Pre-1900 ==
== Pre-1900 ==


[[File:Florida hurricane (pre-1900) tracks.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Tracks of hurricanes over Florida from 1851 to 1899]]
[[File:Florida hurricane (pre-1900) tracks.jpg|thumb|Tracks of hurricanes over Florida from 1851 to 1899]]


{{Main article|List of Florida hurricanes (pre-1900)}}
{{Main article|List of Florida hurricanes (pre-1900)}}


The first recorded tropical cyclone to affect the area that is now the state of Florida occurred in 1523, when two ships and their crews were lost along the western coastline.<ref name="poss">{{cite web|author1=Edward N. Rappaport |author2=Jose Fernandez-Partagas |author3=Jack Beven |last-author-amp=yes |year=1997|title=The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1996: Cyclones that may have caused 25+ deaths|publisher=[[NOAA]]|accessdate=2007-01-02|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadlyapp2.shtml?}}</ref> A total 159 hurricanes are known to have affected the state prior to [[1900 Atlantic hurricane season|1900]], which collectively resulted in at least 6,504 fatalities and monetary damage of over $102&nbsp;million (2017&nbsp;USD). Additionally, at least 109 boats or ships were either driven ashore, wrecked, or damaged due to the storms.<!--Please do not add {{Citation needed|date=November 2010}} - this information comes from the sub-article linked above, and citing would require hundreds of links--> A strong hurricane struck northwest Florida on May 28, 1863, and is the earliest landfall during the year known in the US.<ref>{{cite journal |last = Chenoweth |first = M. |author2=C.J. Mock |title = Hurricane "Amanda": Rediscovery of a Forgotten U.S. Civil War Florida Hurricane |journal = Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. |volume = 94 |issue = 11 |pages = 1735–42 |date = 2013 |doi = 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00171.1 |bibcode = 2013BAMS...94.1735C }}</ref>
The first recorded tropical cyclone to affect the area that is now the state of Florida occurred in 1523, when two ships and their crews were lost along the western coastline.<ref name="poss">{{cite web |author1=Edward N. Rappaport |author2=Jose Fernandez-Partagas |author3=Jack Beven |name-list-style=amp |year=1997 |title=The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1996: Cyclones that may have caused 25+ deaths |publisher=[[NOAA]] |access-date=2007-01-02 |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadlyapp2.shtml? |archive-date=2006-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060628123021/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadlyapp2.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> A total 159 hurricanes are known to have affected the state prior to [[1900 Atlantic hurricane season|1900]], which collectively resulted in at least 6,504 fatalities and monetary damage of over $102&nbsp;million (2017&nbsp;dollars). Additionally, at least 109 boats or ships were either driven ashore, wrecked, or damaged due to the storms.<!--Please do not add {{Citation needed|date=November 2010}} - this information comes from the sub-article linked above, and citing would require hundreds of links--> A strong hurricane struck northwest Florida on May&nbsp;28, 1863, and is the earliest landfall during the year known in the US, pending reanalysis.<ref name="Hurricane Amanda Report" />


Information is sparse for earlier years due to limitations in [[tropical cyclone observation]], though as coastlines became more populated, more data became available. The [[National Hurricane Center]] recognizes the uncertainty in both the death tolls and the dates of the events.<ref name="note">{{cite web|author1=Edward N. Rappaport |author2=Jose Fernandez-Partagas |lastauthoramp=yes|year=1995|title=Notes to the Appendices for the Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1996|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-02-02|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadlyappnote.shtml}}</ref>
Information is sparse for earlier years due to limitations in [[tropical cyclone observation]], though as coastlines became more populated, more data became available. The [[National Hurricane Center]] recognizes the uncertainty in both the death tolls and the dates of the events.<ref name="note">{{cite web|author1=Edward N. Rappaport|author2=Jose Fernandez-Partagas|name-list-style=amp|year=1995|title=Notes to the Appendices for the Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1996|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2007-02-02|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadlyappnote.shtml|archive-date=2007-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070711231145/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadlyappnote.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>
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== 1900–1949 ==
== 1900–1949 ==


[[File:September1947 Miami.jpg|right|thumb|190px|Surf from [[1947 Fort Lauderdale Hurricane]]]]
[[File:September1947 Miami.jpg|right|thumb|Surf from [[1947 Fort Lauderdale hurricane]]]]


{{Main article|List of Florida hurricanes (1900–49)}}
{{Main article|List of Florida hurricanes (1900–1949)}}


In the period between [[1900 Atlantic hurricane season|1900]] and [[1949 Atlantic hurricane season|1949]], 108 tropical cyclones affected the state, which collectively resulted in about $4.5&nbsp;billion (2017&nbsp;USD) in damage. Additionally, tropical cyclones in Florida were directly responsible for about 3,500 fatalities during the period, most of which from the [[1928 Okeechobee Hurricane]]. The [[1947 Atlantic hurricane season|1947 season]] was the year with the most tropical cyclones affecting the state, with a total of 6 systems. The [[1905 Atlantic hurricane season|1905]], [[1908 Atlantic hurricane season|1908]], [[1913 Atlantic hurricane season|1913]], [[1927 Atlantic hurricane season|1927]], [[1931 Atlantic hurricane season|1931]], [[1942 Atlantic hurricane season|1942]], and [[1943 Atlantic hurricane season|1943]] seasons were the only years during the period in which a storm did not affect the state.
In the period between [[1900 Atlantic hurricane season|1900]] and [[1949 Atlantic hurricane season|1949]], 108 tropical cyclones affected the state, which collectively resulted in about $4.5&nbsp;billion (2017&nbsp;dollars) in damage. Additionally, tropical cyclones in Florida were directly responsible for about 3,500 fatalities during the period, most of which were from the [[1928 Okeechobee hurricane]]. The [[1947 Atlantic hurricane season|1947 season]] was the year with the most tropical cyclones affecting the state, with a total of six systems. The [[1905 Atlantic hurricane season|1905]], [[1908 Atlantic hurricane season|1908]], [[1913 Atlantic hurricane season|1913]], [[1927 Atlantic hurricane season|1927]], [[1931 Atlantic hurricane season|1931]], [[1942 Atlantic hurricane season|1942]], and [[1943 Atlantic hurricane season|1943]] seasons were the only years during the period in which a storm did not affect the state.


The strongest hurricane to hit the state during the period was the [[Labor Day Hurricane of 1935]], which is the strongest hurricane on record to strike the [[United States]].<ref name="damage 2006">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/NWS-TPC-5.pdf|format=PDF|title=THE DEADLIEST, COSTLIEST, AND MOST INTENSE UNITED STATES TROPICAL CYCLONES FROM 1851 TO 2006 (AND OTHER FREQUENTLY REQUESTED HURRICANE FACTS) |author1=Eric S. Blake |author2=Edward N. Rappaport |author3=Christopher W. Landsea |date=April 2007|accessdate=2007-04-11|page=26}}</ref> Several other major hurricanes struck the state during the period, including the [[1926 Miami Hurricane]], the [[1928 Okeechobee Hurricane]], and a cyclone each in 1945 and 1949 which made landfall as a [[Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale|Category 4]] hurricane.
The strongest hurricane to hit the state during the period was the [[1935 Labor Day hurricane]], which is the strongest hurricane on record to strike the United States.<ref name=" damage 2006">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/NWS-TPC-5.pdf|title=THE DEADLIEST, COSTLIEST, AND MOST INTENSE UNITED STATES TROPICAL CYCLONES FROM 1851 TO 2006 (AND OTHER FREQUENTLY REQUESTED HURRICANE FACTS)|author1=Eric S. Blake|author2=Edward N. Rappaport|author3=Christopher W. Landsea|date=April 2007|access-date=2007-04-11|page=26|archive-date=2023-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217022106/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/NWS-TPC-5.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Several other major hurricanes struck the state during the period, including the [[1926 Miami hurricane]], the [[1928 Okeechobee hurricane]], and several Category&nbsp;4 hurricanes in the period 1945–50.
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== 1950–1974 ==
== 1950–1974 ==


[[File:Hurricane Donna.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Radar image of [[Hurricane Donna]] making landfall]]
[[File:Hurricane Donna.jpg|right|thumb|Radar image of [[Hurricane Donna]] making landfall]]


{{Main article|List of Florida hurricanes (1950–74)}}
{{Main article|List of Florida hurricanes (1950–1974)}}


In the period between [[1950 Atlantic hurricane season|1950]] and [[1974 Atlantic hurricane season|1974]], 85 tropical or subtropical cyclones impacted the state, which collectively resulted in about $7&nbsp;billion (2017&nbsp;USD) in damage, primarily from [[Hurricane Donna|Hurricanes Donna]] and [[Hurricane Dora|Dora]]. Additionally, the storms were directly responsible for 93 fatalities and indirectly for 23 more deaths. Several tropical cyclones produced over 20&nbsp;inches (500&nbsp;mm) of rainfall in the state, including [[Hurricane Easy (1950)|Hurricane Easy]], which is the highest total during the period. The [[1969 Atlantic hurricane season|1969 season]] was the year with the most tropical cyclones affecting the state, with a total of 8 systems. The [[1954 Atlantic hurricane season|1954]] and [[1967 Atlantic hurricane season|1967 seasons]] were the only years during the period in which a storm did not affect the state.
In the period between [[1950 Atlantic hurricane season|1950]] and [[1974 Atlantic hurricane season|1974]], 85 tropical or subtropical cyclones impacted the state, which collectively resulted in about $7&nbsp;billion (2017&nbsp;dollars) in damage, primarily from [[Hurricane Donna|Hurricanes Donna]] and [[Hurricane Dora (1964)|Dora]]. Additionally, the storms were directly responsible for 93 fatalities and indirectly for 23 more deaths. Several tropical cyclones produced over 20&nbsp;inches (500&nbsp;mm) of rainfall in the state, including [[Hurricane Easy (1950)|Hurricane Easy]], which is the highest total during the period. The [[1969 Atlantic hurricane season|1969 season]] was the year with the most tropical cyclones affecting the state, with a total of eight systems. The [[1954 Atlantic hurricane season|1954]] and [[1967 Atlantic hurricane season|1967 seasons]] were the only years during the period in which a storm did not affect the state.


The strongest hurricane to hit the state during the period was [[Hurricane Donna]], which was the 8th strongest hurricane on record to strike the United States.<ref name="damage 2006"/> Additionally, Hurricanes [[Hurricane Easy (1950)|Easy]], [[Hurricane King|King]], [[Hurricane Cleo|Cleo]], [[Hurricane Isbell (1964)|Isbell]], and [[Hurricane Betsy|Betsy]] hit the state as [[Tropical cyclone scales|major hurricanes]].
The strongest hurricane to hit the state during the period was [[Hurricane Donna]], which was the tenth strongest hurricane on record to strike the [[contiguous United States]].<ref name="damage 2006"/>{{Atlantic hurricane best track}} Additionally, Hurricanes [[Hurricane Easy (1950)|Easy]], [[Hurricane King|King]], [[Hurricane Betsy|Betsy]], and [[Hurricane Alma (1966)|Alma]] hit or otherwise impacted the state as [[Tropical cyclone scales|major hurricanes]].
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== 1975–1999 ==
== 1975–1999 ==
[[File:Andrew 1992-08-23 1231Z (Cropped).png|right|thumb|[[Hurricane Andrew]] approaching [[South Florida]] in August 1992.]]


{{Main article|List of Florida hurricanes (1975–1999)}}
[[File:Andrew was here.png|right|thumb|200px|House damage from [[Hurricane Andrew]]]]


In the period between [[1975 Atlantic hurricane season|1975]] and [[1999 Atlantic hurricane season|1999]], 83 tropical or subtropical cyclones affected the state, which collectively resulted in $51.1&nbsp;billion (2017&nbsp;dollars) in damage, primarily from [[Hurricane Andrew]], and 54 direct casualties. The [[1985 Atlantic hurricane season|1985 season]] was the year with the most tropical cyclones affecting the state, with a total of eight systems. Every year included at least one tropical cyclone affecting the state. The strongest hurricane to hit the state during the period was [[Hurricane Andrew]], which was one of only four [[List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes|Category 5]] hurricanes to strike the United States. Andrew, at the time, was the costliest tropical cyclone in United States history and remains the seventh-costliest. Additionally, Hurricanes [[Hurricane Eloise|Eloise]], [[Hurricane Elena|Elena]], and [[Hurricane Opal|Opal]] hit or otherwise impacted the state as [[Tropical cyclone scales|major hurricanes]].
{{Main article|List of Florida hurricanes (1975–99)}}

In the period between [[1975 Atlantic hurricane season|1975]] and [[1999 Atlantic hurricane season|1999]], 83 tropical or subtropical cyclones affected the state, which collectively resulted in $51.1&nbsp;billion (2017&nbsp;USD) in damage, primarily from [[Hurricane Andrew]], and 54 direct casualties. The [[1985 Atlantic hurricane season|1985 season]] was the year with the most tropical cyclones affecting the state, with a total of 8 systems. Every year included at least 1 tropical cyclone affecting the state. The strongest hurricane to hit the state during the period was [[Hurricane Andrew]], which was one of only three [[List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes|Category 5]] hurricanes to strike the United States. Andrew, at the time, was the costliest tropical cyclone in United States history and remains the sixth-costliest. Additionally, Hurricanes [[Hurricane Eloise|Eloise]], [[Hurricane David|David]], and [[Hurricane Opal|Opal]] hit the state as [[Tropical cyclone scales|major hurricanes]].
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== 2000–present ==
== 2000–present ==
[[File:Beach front home damaged by hurricane dennis 2005.jpg|thumb|130px|right|A beachfront home in [[Navarre Beach, Florida]] largely destroyed by [[Hurricane Dennis]]]]
[[File:Beach front home damaged by hurricane dennis 2005.jpg|thumb|upright|right|A beachfront home in [[Navarre Beach, Florida|Navarre Beach]] largely destroyed by [[Hurricane Dennis]]]]
{{Main article|List of Florida hurricanes (2000–present)}}
{{Main article|List of Florida hurricanes (2000–present)}}
The period from [[2000 Atlantic hurricane season|2000]] to the present was marked by several devastating [[North Atlantic hurricane]]s; {{As of|2017|lc=on}}, 79 [[Tropical cyclone|tropical]] or [[subtropical cyclone]]s have affected the U.S. state of Florida. Collectively, cyclones in Florida over that period resulted in over $173 billion in damage, most of it from [[Hurricane Irma]].<ref name="Hurricane and Tropical Cyclones">{{cite web|author=Weather Underground|url=http://www.wunderground.com/hurricane/damage.asp?|format=web|title=Hurricane and Tropical Cyclones}}</ref> Additionally, tropical cyclones in Florida were responsible for 156 direct fatalities and at least 92 indirect ones during the period. Eight cyclones affected the state in both [[2004 Atlantic hurricane season|2004]] and [[2005 Atlantic hurricane season|2005]], which were the years with the most tropical cyclones impacting the state. Every year included at least one tropical cyclone affecting the state.
The period from [[2000 Atlantic hurricane season|2000]] to the present has been marked by several devastating [[North Atlantic hurricane]]s; {{As of|2023|lc=on}}, 79 [[Tropical cyclone|tropical]] or [[subtropical cyclone]]s have affected the U.S. state of Florida. Collectively, cyclones in Florida over that period resulted in over $236 billion in damage, most of it from [[Hurricane Ian]].<ref name="Hurricane and Tropical Cyclones">{{cite web|author=Weather Underground|url=http://www.wunderground.com/hurricane/damage.asp?|format=web|title=Hurricane and Tropical Cyclones|access-date=2015-05-27|archive-date=2015-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527192732/http://www.wunderground.com/hurricane/damage.asp|url-status=live}}</ref> Additionally, tropical cyclones in Florida were responsible for 145 direct fatalities and at least 92 indirect ones during the period. Eight cyclones affected the state in both [[2004 Atlantic hurricane season|2004]] and [[2005 Atlantic hurricane season|2005]], which were the years with the most tropical cyclones impacting the state. Every year included at least one tropical cyclone affecting the state.


The strongest hurricane to hit the state during the period was [[Hurricane Charley]], which was the strongest hurricane to strike the United States since [[Hurricane Andrew]]. Additionally, hurricanes [[Hurricane Jeanne|Jeanne]], [[Hurricane Dennis|Dennis]], [[Hurricane Wilma|Wilma]], and [[Hurricane Irma|Irma]] made [[landfall (meteorology)|landfall]] on the state as [[Tropical cyclone scales|major hurricanes]].
The strongest hurricane to hit the state during the period was [[Hurricane Michael (2018)|Michael]], which made landfall in Florida as a Category 5 hurricane–the strongest since [[Hurricane Andrew|Andrew]] in [[1992 Atlantic hurricane season|1992]]. Additionally, nine other hurricanes made [[landfall]] on or otherwise impacted the state as [[Tropical cyclone scales|major hurricanes]].
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==Florida major hurricanes==
==Florida major hurricanes==
The following [[Tropical cyclone scales|major hurricanes]] either made [[landfall]] on the state as a major hurricane or brought winds of [[Category 3 hurricane|Category 3]] status to the state. For storms that made landfall twice or more, the maximum sustained wind speed, and hence the highest Saffir–Simpson category, at the strongest landfall is listed. Only landfalls at major hurricane intensity are listed. Storms are listed since 1851, which is the official start of the Atlantic hurricane database.<ref name="HURDAT"/>{{U.S. hurricanes}} Originally, hurricanes were classified by central pressure in the 20th century;<ref name="US hurricanes"/><ref name="TechMem">{{cite web|author=Jarrell, Jerry D.|year=1992|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/nwstechmemos/techmemo46.pdf|title=Hurricane Experience Levels of Coastal County Populations from Texas to Maine|publisher=NOAA|access-date=2008-11-22|display-authors=etal|archive-date=2008-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012222536/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/nwstechmemos/techmemo46.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> however, modern practices quantify storm intensities by [[maximum sustained wind]]s.<ref name="Reanalysis">{{cite web|author=Landsea, Christopher W.|year=2007|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/reanal_1911-20.pdf|title=A Reanalysis of the 1911–20 Atlantic Hurricane Database|publisher=Journal of Climate|access-date=2008-11-22|display-authors=etal|archive-date=2016-05-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514120307/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/reanal_1911-20.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> United States hurricanes are still classified by central pressure from 1971&nbsp;to 1979;<ref name="US hurricanes"/><ref name="TechMem"/> therefore, the maximum sustained winds in the Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT) are utilized for storms from 1971&nbsp;to 1979,<ref name="HURDAT"/> since this period has not been reanalyzed by the [[Atlantic hurricane reanalysis]] project.<ref name="Reanalysis2">{{cite web|author=Atlantic Hurricane Research Division|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/Data_Storm.html|title=Re-Analysis Project|access-date=2008-11-22|archive-date=2012-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716183039/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/Data_Storm.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The following [[Tropical cyclone scales|major hurricanes]] either made [[Landfall (meteorology)|landfall]] on the state as a major hurricane or brought winds of [[Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale|Category 3]] status to the state. For storms that made landfall twice or more, the maximum sustained wind speed, and hence the highest Saffir-Simpson category, at the strongest landfall is listed. Only the landfalls at major hurricane intensity are listed. A * indicates that the storm made landfall outside Florida, but brought winds of major hurricane intensity to part of the state. Storms are listed since 1851, which is the official start of the Atlantic hurricane database.<ref name="HURDAT"/>{{U.S. hurricanes}} Originally, hurricanes were classified by central pressure in the 20th century;<ref name="US hurricanes"/><ref name="TechMem">{{cite web|author=Jarrell, Jerry D.|year=1992|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/nwstechmemos/techmemo46.pdf|format=PDF|title=Hurricane Experience Levels of Coastal County Populations from Texas to Maine|publisher=NOAA|accessdate=2008-11-22|display-authors=etal}}</ref> however, modern practices quantify storm intensities by [[maximum sustained wind]]s.<ref name="Reanalysis">{{cite web|author=Landsea, Christopher W.|year=2007|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/reanal_1911-20.pdf|format=PDF|title=A Reanalysis of the 1911–20 Atlantic Hurricane Database|publisher=Journal of Climate|accessdate=2008-11-22|display-authors=etal}}</ref> United States hurricanes are still classified by central pressure from 1921–1979;<ref name="US hurricanes"/><ref name="TechMem"/> therefore, the maximum sustained winds in the Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT) are utilized for storms from 1921–1979,<ref name="HURDAT"/> since this period has not been reanalyzed by the [[Atlantic hurricane reanalysis]] project.<ref name="Reanalysis2">{{cite web|author=Atlantic Hurricane Research Division|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/Data_Storm.html|title=Re-Analysis Project|accessdate=2008-11-22}}</ref>


{| class = "wikitable sortable"
{| class = "wikitable sortable"
|+ Florida major hurricanes
! Storm
! Storm
! [[Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale|Saffir-Simpson]]<br />Category
! [[Saffir–Simpson scale|Saffir–Simpson]]<br />Category{{dagger}}
! Date of Landfall<br />([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])
! Date of landfall
! Year
! Year
! Landfall Intensity<br />(in [[Knot (unit)|knots]])
! Landfall Intensity<br />(in [[Knot (unit)|Knots]])
! Landfall Location
! Landfall Location
|-
|-
| ''Great Middle Florida''
| ''Great Middle Florida''
| 3
| {{nts|3}}
| August 23
| {{sort|0823|August 23}}
| 1851
| {{dts|1851}}
| 100
| {{nts|100}}
| [[Panama City, Florida|Panama City]]
| [[Panama City, Florida|Panama City]]
|-
|-
| Unnamed
| Unnamed
| 3
| {{nts|3}}
| August 17
| {{sort|0817|August 17}}
| 1871
| {{dts|1871}}
| 100
| {{nts|100}}
| [[Jupiter Island, Florida|Jupiter Island]]
| [[Jupiter Island]]
|-
|-
| Unnamed
| Unnamed
| 3
| {{nts|3}}
| October 7
| {{sort|1007|October 7}}
| 1873
| {{dts|1873}}
| 100
| {{nts|100}}
| [[Captiva Island]]
| [[Captiva, Florida|Captiva Island]]
|-
|-
| Unnamed
| Unnamed
| 3
| {{nts|3}}
| October 3
| {{sort|1003|October 3}}
| 1877
| {{dts|1877}}
| 100
| {{nts|100}}
| [[Panama City, Florida|Panama City]]
| [[Panama City, Florida|Panama City]]
|-
|-
| Unnamed
| Unnamed
| 3
| {{nts|3}}
| September 10
| {{sort|0910|September 10}}
| 1882
| {{dts|1882}}
| {{nts|110}}
| 100
| [[Navarre, Florida|Navarre]]
| [[Navarre, Florida|Navarre]]
|-
|-
| Unnamed
| [[1888 Louisiana hurricane|Unnamed]]
| 3
| {{nts|3}}
| August 16
| {{sort|0816|August 16}}
| 1888
| {{dts|1888}}
| 110
| {{nts|110}}
| [[Miami Beach, Florida|Miami Beach]]
| [[Miami Beach, Florida|Miami Beach]]
|-
|-
| Unnamed
| Unnamed
| 3
| {{nts|3}}
| October 9
| {{sort|1009|October 9}}
| 1894
| {{dts|1894}}
| 105
| {{nts|105}}
| [[Panama City, Florida|Panama City]]
| [[Panama City, Florida|Panama City]]
|-
|-
| Unnamed
| [[1896 Cedar Keys hurricane|Unnamed]]
| 3
| {{nts|3}}
| September 10
| {{sort|0929|September 29}}
| 1896
| {{dts|1896}}
| 110
| {{nts|110}}
| [[Cedar Key, Florida|Cedar Key]]
| [[Cedar Key, Florida|Cedar Key]]
|-
|-
| Unnamed
| [[1906 Florida Keys hurricane|Unnamed]]
| 3
| {{nts|3}}
| October 18
| {{sort|1018|October 18}}
| 1906
| {{dts|1906}}
| 105
| {{nts|105}}
| [[Marathon, Florida|Marathon]] (1st landfall)/<br />Near [[Flamingo, Florida|Flamingo]] (2nd landfall)
| [[Marathon, Florida|Marathon]]
|-
|-
| Unnamed
| [[1909 Florida Keys hurricane|Unnamed]]
| 3
| {{nts|3}}
| October 11
| {{sort|1011|October 11}}
| 1909
| {{dts|1909}}
| 100
| {{nts|100}}
| [[Marathon, Florida|Marathon]]
| [[Marathon, Florida|Marathon]]
|-
|-
| Unnamed
| [[1917 Nueva Gerona hurricane|Unnamed]]
| 3
| {{nts|3}}
| September 29
| {{sort|0929|September 29}}
| 1917
| {{dts|1917}}
| 100
| {{nts|100}}
| [[Okaloosa County, Florida|Okaloosa County]]<br />([[Fort Walton Beach, Florida|Ft. Walton Beach]])
| [[Fort Walton Beach, Florida|Fort Walton Beach]]
|-
| [[1919 Florida Keys hurricane|''Florida Keys'']]
| {{nts|4}}
| {{sort|0910|September 10}}
| {{dts|1919}}
| {{nts|130}}
| [[Dry Tortugas National Park|Dry Tortugas]]
|-
|-
| [[1919 Florida Keys hurricane|Unnamed]]
|[[1921 Tampa Bay hurricane|''Tarpon Springs'']]
| 4
|3
|October 25
| September 10
|1921
| 1919
|100
| 130
|[[Tarpon Springs, Florida|Tarpon Springs]]
| [[Dry Tortugas]]
|-
|-
| ''[[1926 Miami hurricane|Great Miami]]''
| ''[[1926 Miami hurricane|Great Miami]]''
| 4
| {{nts|4}}
| September 18–20
| {{sort|0918–0920|September 18–20}}
| 1926
| {{dts|1926}}
| 125
| {{nts|125}}
| [[Perrine, Florida|Perrine]]
| [[Palmetto Bay, Florida|Palmetto Bay]] (1st landfall)/<br />[[Orange Beach, Alabama|Orange Beach, AL]] (2nd landfall)*
|-
|-
| ''[[1928 Okeechobee hurricane|Okeechobee]]''
| ''[[1928 Okeechobee hurricane|Okeechobee]]''
| 4
| {{nts|4}}
| September 17
| {{sort|0917|September 17}}
| 1928
| {{dts|1928}}
| 125
| {{nts|125}}
| [[Palm Beach, Florida|Palm Beach]]
| [[Palm Beach, Florida|Palm Beach]]
|-
|-
| [[1933 Treasure Coast hurricane|Unnamed]]
| [[1933 Treasure Coast hurricane|Unnamed]]
| 3
| {{nts|3}}
| September 4
| {{sort|0904|September 4}}
| 1933
| {{dts|1933}}
| 110
| {{nts|110}}
| [[Jupiter, Florida|Jupiter]]
| [[Jupiter, Florida|Jupiter]]
|-
|-
| ''[[1935 Labor Day hurricane|Labor Day]]''
| ''[[1935 Labor Day hurricane|Labor Day]]''
| 5
| {{nts|5}}
| September 3
| {{sort|0903|September 3}}
| 1935
| {{dts|1935}}
| 160
| {{nts|160}}
| [[Craig Key]]
| [[Craig Key]]
|-
|-
| [[1944 Cuba–Florida hurricane|Unnamed]]
| [[1944 Cuba–Florida hurricane|Unnamed]]
| 3
| {{nts|3}}
| October 18
| {{sort|1018|October 18}}
| 1944
| {{dts|1944}}
| 105
| {{nts|105}}
| [[Dry Tortugas]]
| [[Dry Tortugas National Park|Dry Tortugas]]
|-
|-
| [[1945 Homestead hurricane|Unnamed]]
| [[1945 Homestead hurricane|Unnamed]]
| 4
| {{nts|4}}
| September 15
| {{sort|0915|September 15}}
| 1945
| {{dts|1945}}
| 115
| {{nts|115}}
| North [[Key Largo]] (1st landfall)/<br />[[Florida City, Florida|Florida City]] (2nd landfall)
| [[North Key Largo, Florida|North Key Largo]]
|-
|-
| [[1947 Fort Lauderdale hurricane|Unnamed]]
| [[1947 Fort Lauderdale hurricane|Unnamed]]
| 4
| {{nts|4}}
| September 17
| {{sort|0917|September 17}}
| 1947
| {{dts|1947}}
| 115
| {{nts|115}}
| [[Port Everglades]]<br />([[Fort Lauderdale, Florida|Ft. Lauderdale]])
| [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida|Fort Lauderdale]]
|-
|-
| [[September 1948 Florida hurricane|Unnamed]]
| Unnamed
| 4
| {{nts|4}}
| September 21–22
| {{sort|0921–0922|September 21–22}}
| 1948
| {{dts|1948}}
| 115
| {{nts|115}}
| [[Saddlebunch Keys]] (1st landfall)/<br />Near [[Chokoloskee, Florida|Chokoloskee]] (2nd landfall)
| East of [[Chokoloskee, Florida|Chokoloskee]]
|-
|-
| [[1949 Florida hurricane|Unnamed]]
| [[1949 Florida hurricane|Unnamed]]
| 4
| {{nts|4}}
| August 26
| {{sort|0826|August 26}}
| 1949
| {{dts|1949}}
| 115
| {{nts|115}}
| [[Lantana, Florida|Lantana]]/<br />[[Lake Worth, Florida|Lake Worth]]
| [[Lake Worth, Florida|Lake Worth]]
|-
|-
| [[Hurricane Easy (1950)|Easy]]
| [[Hurricane Easy (1950)|Easy]]
| 3
| {{nts|3}}
| September 5
| {{sort|0905|September 5}}
| 1950
| {{dts|1950}}
| 105
| {{nts|105}}
| Near [[Cedar Key, Florida|Cedar Key]]
| East of [[Cedar Key, Florida|Cedar Key]]
|-
|-
| [[Hurricane King (1950)|King]]
| [[Hurricane King (1950)|King]]
| 4
| {{nts|4}}
| October 18
| {{sort|1018|October 18}}
| 1950
| {{dts|1950}}
| 115
| {{nts|115}}
| [[Downtown Miami|Downtown]] [[Miami, Florida|Miami]]
| [[Miami]]
|-
|-
| [[Hurricane Donna|Donna]]
| [[Hurricane Donna|Donna]]
| 4
| {{nts|4}}
| September 10
| {{sort|0910|September 10}}
| 1960
| {{dts|1960}}
| {{nts|125}}
| 115
| [[Conch Key, Florida|Conch Key]] (1st landfall)/<br />Near [[Naples, Florida|Naples]] (2nd landfall)
| [[Conch Key, Florida|Conch Key]]
|-
|-
| [[Hurricane Betsy|Betsy]]
| [[Hurricane Betsy|Betsy]]
| 3
| {{nts|3}}
| September 8
| {{sort|0908|September 8}}
| 1965
| {{dts|1965}}
| {{nts|100}}
| 110
| [[Tavernier, Florida|Tavernier]]
| [[Tavernier, Florida|Tavernier]]
|-
|[[Hurricane Alma (1966)|Alma]]
| {{nts|3}}
| {{sort|0608|June 8}}
| {{dts|1966}}
| {{nts|100}}
| [[Dry Tortugas National Park|Dry Tortugas]]{{asterisk}}
|-
|-
| [[Hurricane Eloise|Eloise]]
| [[Hurricane Eloise|Eloise]]
| 3
| {{nts|3}}
| September 23
| {{sort|0923|September 23}}
| 1975
| {{dts|1975}}
| 110
| {{nts|110}}
| [[Bay County, Florida|Bay County]]
| East of [[Destin, Florida|Destin]]
|-
|-
| [[Hurricane Elena|Elena]]
| [[Hurricane Elena|Elena]]
| 3
| {{nts|3}}
| September 2
| {{sort|0902|September 2}}
| 1985
| {{dts|1985}}
| 100
| {{nts|100}}
| [[Gulfport, Mississippi|Gulfport, MS]]*
| [[Gulfport, Mississippi]]{{asterisk}}
|-
|-
| [[Hurricane Andrew|Andrew]]
| [[Hurricane Andrew|Andrew]]
| 5
| {{nts|5}}
| August 24
| {{sort|0824|August 24}}
| 1992
| {{dts|1992}}
| 145
| {{nts|145}}
| [[Elliott Key]] (1st landfall)/<br />Near [[Homestead, Florida|Homestead]] (2nd landfall)
| North of [[Homestead, Florida|Homestead]]
|-
|-
| [[Hurricane Opal|Opal]]
| [[Hurricane Opal|Opal]]
| 3
| {{nts|3}}
| October 4
| {{sort|1004|October 4}}
| 1995
| {{dts|1995}}
| 100
| {{nts|100}}
| [[Pensacola Beach, Florida|Pensacola Beach]]
| [[Pensacola Beach, Florida|Pensacola Beach]]
|-
|-
| [[Hurricane Charley|Charley]]
| [[Hurricane Charley|Charley]]
| 4
| {{nts|4}}
| August 13
| {{sort|0813|August 13}}
| 2004
| {{dts|2004}}
| 130
| {{nts|130}}
| [[Cayo Costa State Park|Cayo Costa]] (1st landfall)/<br />Near [[Punta Gorda, Florida|Punta Gorda]] (2nd landfall)
| [[Cayo Costa State Park|Cayo Costa]]
|-
|-
| [[Hurricane Ivan|Ivan]]
| [[Hurricane Ivan|Ivan]]
| 3
| {{nts|3}}
| September 16
| {{sort|0916|September 16}}
| 2004
| {{dts|2004}}
| 105
| {{nts|105}}
| Near [[Gulf Shores, Alabama|Gulf Shores, AL]]*
| West of [[Gulf Shores, Alabama]]{{asterisk}}
|-
|-
| [[Hurricane Jeanne|Jeanne]]
| [[Hurricane Jeanne|Jeanne]]
| 3
| {{nts|3}}
| September 26
| {{sort|0926|September 26}}
| 2004
| {{dts|2004}}
| 105
| {{nts|105}}
| [[Hutchinson Island, Florida|Hutchinson Island]]
| [[Hutchinson Island (Florida)|Hutchinson Island]]
|-
|-
| [[Hurricane Dennis|Dennis]]
| [[Hurricane Dennis|Dennis]]
| 3
| {{nts|3}}
| July 10
| {{sort|0710|July 10}}
| 2005
| {{dts|2005}}
| 105
| {{nts|105}}
| [[Santa Rosa Island, Florida|Santa Rosa Island]]
| [[Santa Rosa Island (Florida)|Santa Rosa Island]]
|-
|-
| [[Hurricane Wilma|Wilma]]
| [[Hurricane Wilma|Wilma]]
| 3
| {{nts|3}}
| October 24
| {{sort|1024|October 24}}
| 2005
| {{dts|2005}}
| 105
| {{nts|105}}
| [[Cape Romano]]
| [[Cape Romano]]
|-
|-
| [[Hurricane Irma|Irma]]
| [[Hurricane Irma|Irma]]
| 4
| {{nts|4}}
| September 10
| {{sort|0910|September 10}}
| 2017
| {{dts|2017}}
| 115
| {{nts|115}}
| [[Cudjoe Key, Florida|Cudjoe Key]] (1st landfall)/<br />[[Marco Island, Florida|Marco Island]] (2nd landfall)
| [[Cudjoe Key, Florida|Cudjoe Key]]
|-
|-
| [[Hurricane Michael|Michael]]
| {{nts|5}}
| {{sort|1010|October 10}}
| {{dts|2018}}
| {{nts|140}}
| West of [[Mexico Beach, Florida|Mexico Beach]]
|-
| [[Hurricane Ian|Ian]]
| {{nts|4}}
| {{sort|0928|September 28}}
| {{dts|2022}}
| {{nts|130}}
| [[Cayo Costa State Park|Cayo Costa]]
|-
| [[Hurricane Idalia|Idalia]]
| {{nts|3}}
| {{sort|0830|August 30}}
| {{dts|2023}}
| {{nts|100}}
| [[Keaton Beach, Florida|Keaton Beach]]
|-
|[[Hurricane Helene|Helene]]
| {{nts|4}}
| {{sort|0927|September 27}}
| {{dts|2024}}
| {{nts|120}}
|[[Perry, Florida|Perry]]
|-
|[[Hurricane Milton|Milton]]
| {{nts|3}}
| {{sort|1009|October 9}}
| {{dts|2024}}
| {{nts|105}}
|[[Siesta Key, Florida|Siesta Key]]
|-
!colspan="6" | References: [[HURDAT]], [[Hurricane Research Division|HRD]]{{Atlantic hurricane best track}}{{U.S. hurricanes}}
|-
!colspan="6" | {{dagger}} Highest Saffir–Simpson scale category experienced on land in the state.
|-
!colspan="6" | {{asterisk}} Storm brought winds of major hurricane intensity to part of the state, while not making landfall.
|}
|}
{{clear}}


===Strongest and most intense===
==Deadliest storms==
{{Strongest Florida landfalling hurricanes|align=left}}
{{Most intense landfalling Florida hurricanes|align=left}}
{{clear}}


===Monthly statistics===
The following is a list of hurricanes with 100 or more deaths in the state.
{{bar graph|float=center
| title = Number of recorded major hurricanes affecting Florida{{Atlantic hurricane best track}}{{U.S. hurricanes}}
| data_max = 20
| label_type = Month
| data_type = Number of major hurricanes
| label1 = January | data1 =
| label2 = February | data2 =
| label3 = March | data3 =
| label4 = April | data4 =
| label5 = May | data5 =
| label6 = June | data6 = 1
| label7 = July | data7 = 1
| label8 = August | data8 = 6
| label9 = September | data9 = 20
| label10 = October | data10 = 10
| label11 = November | data11 =
| label12 = December | data12 =
}}


==Deadliest storms==
<center>
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:auto"
|+Hurricanes causing 100 or more deaths in Florida<ref name="poss" /><ref name="note" /><ref name="damage 2006" />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"
! Name
! Name
! Year
! Year
! Number of deaths
! Number of deaths

<!--- Wikipedia is not a [[WP:CRYSTAL]] ball. We don't know (_yet_) if it will even cause 100 deaths.
|-
| "[[Hurricane Milton|Milton]]" || 2024 || TBD --->

|-
|-
| "[[1928 Okeechobee Hurricane|Okeechobee]]" || 1928 || 2,500+
| "[[1928 Okeechobee hurricane|Okeechobee]]" || 1928 || 2,500+
|-
|-
| Unnamed || 1781 || 2,000
| Unnamed || 1781 || 2,000
Line 337: Line 419:
| Unnamed || 1622 || 1,090
| Unnamed || 1622 || 1,090
|-
|-
| Unnamed || Around 1553 || 700
| Unnamed || 1553 || 700
|-
|-
| Unnamed || 1553 || <700
| Unnamed || 1553 || <700
Line 347: Line 429:
| Unnamed || 1683 || 496
| Unnamed || 1683 || 496
|-
|-
| "[[Labor Day Hurricane of 1935|Labor Day]]" || 1935 || 409
| "[[1935 Labor Day hurricane|Labor Day]]" || 1935 || 409
|-
|-
| "[[1926 Miami Hurricane|Miami]]" || 1926 || 372
| "[[1926 Miami hurricane|Miami]]" || 1926 || 372
|-
|-
| Unnamed || 1563 || 284
| Unnamed || 1563 || 284
|-
|-
| "[[1906 Florida Keys hurricane|Florida Keys]]" || 1906 || 240
| "[[1906 Florida Keys hurricane|Florida Keys]]" || 1906 || 240
|-
| [[Hurricane Ian|Ian]] || 2022 || 150
|}
|}
</center>

==Paths of Florida Hurricanes, 1916-2015==
Lazaro Gamio of the [[Washington Post]] created a series of maps depicting the paths of all hurricanes to impact Florida from 1916 to 2015.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/national/one-hundred-years-of-hurricanes/</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
{{commonscat|Effects of hurricanes in Florida}}
{{commons category|Effects of hurricanes in Florida}}
* [[Atlantic hurricane]]
* [[Atlantic hurricane]]
* [[Climate of Florida]]
* [[Climate of Florida]]
* [[List of Atlantic hurricane seasons]]
* [[Atlantic hurricane season]]
* [[List of Atlantic hurricanes]]
* [[List of Atlantic hurricanes]]
* [[List of wettest tropical cyclones in the United States#Florida|List of wettest known tropical cyclones in Florida]]
* [[List of wettest tropical cyclones in the United States#Florida|List of wettest known tropical cyclones in Florida]]
Line 375: Line 454:


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
*{{cite book|author=Barnes, Jay|title=Florida's Hurricane History|year=2007|publisher=Chapel Hill Press|isbn=0-8078-3068-2}}
*{{cite book|author=Barnes, Jay|title=Florida's Hurricane History|year=2007|publisher=Chapel Hill Press|isbn=978-0-8078-3068-0|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/floridashurrican00barn}}


{{Featured list}}
{{Featured list}}
Line 383: Line 462:


{{DEFAULTSORT:Florida Hurricanes}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Florida Hurricanes}}
[[Category:Atlantic hurricanes|Florida]]
[[Category:Atlantic hurricanes]]
[[Category:Lists of tropical cyclones in the United States|Florida]]
[[Category:Lists of tropical cyclones in the United States]]
[[Category:Hurricanes in Florida| ]]
[[Category:Hurricanes in Florida| ]]
[[Category:Florida-related lists|Hurricanes]]
[[Category:Florida history-related lists|Hurricanes]]

Latest revision as of 20:30, 20 November 2024

Hurricane Milton, the most recent landfalling Florida major hurricane on October 9, 2024

Approximately 500 tropical and subtropical cyclones have affected the state of Florida. More storms hit Florida than any other U.S. state,[1] and since 1851 only eighteen hurricane seasons passed without a known storm impacting the state. Collectively, cyclones that hit the region have resulted in over 10,000 deaths, most of which occurred prior to the start of hurricane hunter flights in 1943. Additionally, the cumulative impact from the storms has totalled over US$300 billion in damage (2018 dollars), primarily from Hurricane Andrew, Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Ian in the 1992, 2017, and 2022 seasons respectively. The most recent hurricane to make landfall in Florida was Hurricane Milton in 2024.

Climatology

[edit]

Tropical cyclones have affected Florida in every month of the year with the exceptions of January and March. Nearly one-third of the cyclones affected the state in September, and nearly three-fourths of the storms affected the state between August and October, which coincides with the peak of the hurricane season. Portions of the coastline have return periods, or expected time between hurricane strikes of a certain intensity or category within 86 miles (138 km) of a given location, that are the lowest in the country. Monroe County was struck by 26 hurricanes since 1926, which is the greatest total for any county in the United States.[2]

In a Monthly Weather Review paper published in 1934, the U.S. Weather Bureau recognized Key West and Pensacola as the most hurricane-prone cities in the state; Key West experiences both storms developing from the western Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean, while Pensacola has received hurricanes crossing the state as well as storms recurving in the northern Gulf of Mexico.[3] Officially, the earliest hurricane to affect the state was Hurricane Alma on June 9; the latest, Hurricane Kate on November 21. However, preliminary reanalysis suggests that a hurricane may have struck the state on May 28, 1863.[4]

The strongest tropical cyclone to make landfall on the state was the 1935 Labor Day hurricane, which crossed the Florida Keys with a pressure of 892 millibars (26.3 inHg); it is also the strongest hurricane on record to strike the United States. Out of the ten most intense landfalling United States hurricanes, four struck Florida at peak strength.[5]

Pre-1900

[edit]
Tracks of hurricanes over Florida from 1851 to 1899
Main article: List of Florida hurricanes (pre-1900)

The first recorded tropical cyclone to affect the area that is now the state of Florida occurred in 1523, when two ships and their crews were lost along the western coastline.[6] A total 159 hurricanes are known to have affected the state prior to 1900, which collectively resulted in at least 6,504 fatalities and monetary damage of over $102 million (2017 dollars). Additionally, at least 109 boats or ships were either driven ashore, wrecked, or damaged due to the storms. A strong hurricane struck northwest Florida on May 28, 1863, and is the earliest landfall during the year known in the US, pending reanalysis.[4]

Information is sparse for earlier years due to limitations in tropical cyclone observation, though as coastlines became more populated, more data became available. The National Hurricane Center recognizes the uncertainty in both the death tolls and the dates of the events.[7]

1900–1949

[edit]
Surf from 1947 Fort Lauderdale hurricane
Main article: List of Florida hurricanes (1900–1949)

In the period between 1900 and 1949, 108 tropical cyclones affected the state, which collectively resulted in about $4.5 billion (2017 dollars) in damage. Additionally, tropical cyclones in Florida were directly responsible for about 3,500 fatalities during the period, most of which were from the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane. The 1947 season was the year with the most tropical cyclones affecting the state, with a total of six systems. The 1905, 1908, 1913, 1927, 1931, 1942, and 1943 seasons were the only years during the period in which a storm did not affect the state.

The strongest hurricane to hit the state during the period was the 1935 Labor Day hurricane, which is the strongest hurricane on record to strike the United States.[8] Several other major hurricanes struck the state during the period, including the 1926 Miami hurricane, the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane, and several Category 4 hurricanes in the period 1945–50.

1950–1974

[edit]
Radar image of Hurricane Donna making landfall
Main article: List of Florida hurricanes (1950–1974)

In the period between 1950 and 1974, 85 tropical or subtropical cyclones impacted the state, which collectively resulted in about $7 billion (2017 dollars) in damage, primarily from Hurricanes Donna and Dora. Additionally, the storms were directly responsible for 93 fatalities and indirectly for 23 more deaths. Several tropical cyclones produced over 20 inches (500 mm) of rainfall in the state, including Hurricane Easy, which is the highest total during the period. The 1969 season was the year with the most tropical cyclones affecting the state, with a total of eight systems. The 1954 and 1967 seasons were the only years during the period in which a storm did not affect the state.

The strongest hurricane to hit the state during the period was Hurricane Donna, which was the tenth strongest hurricane on record to strike the contiguous United States.[8][5] Additionally, Hurricanes Easy, King, Betsy, and Alma hit or otherwise impacted the state as major hurricanes.

1975–1999

[edit]
Hurricane Andrew approaching South Florida in August 1992.
Main article: List of Florida hurricanes (1975–1999)

In the period between 1975 and 1999, 83 tropical or subtropical cyclones affected the state, which collectively resulted in $51.1 billion (2017 dollars) in damage, primarily from Hurricane Andrew, and 54 direct casualties. The 1985 season was the year with the most tropical cyclones affecting the state, with a total of eight systems. Every year included at least one tropical cyclone affecting the state. The strongest hurricane to hit the state during the period was Hurricane Andrew, which was one of only four Category 5 hurricanes to strike the United States. Andrew, at the time, was the costliest tropical cyclone in United States history and remains the seventh-costliest. Additionally, Hurricanes Eloise, Elena, and Opal hit or otherwise impacted the state as major hurricanes.

2000–present

[edit]
A beachfront home in Navarre Beach largely destroyed by Hurricane Dennis
Main article: List of Florida hurricanes (2000–present)

The period from 2000 to the present has been marked by several devastating North Atlantic hurricanes; as of 2023, 79 tropical or subtropical cyclones have affected the U.S. state of Florida. Collectively, cyclones in Florida over that period resulted in over $236 billion in damage, most of it from Hurricane Ian.[9] Additionally, tropical cyclones in Florida were responsible for 145 direct fatalities and at least 92 indirect ones during the period. Eight cyclones affected the state in both 2004 and 2005, which were the years with the most tropical cyclones impacting the state. Every year included at least one tropical cyclone affecting the state.

The strongest hurricane to hit the state during the period was Michael, which made landfall in Florida as a Category 5 hurricane–the strongest since Andrew in 1992. Additionally, nine other hurricanes made landfall on or otherwise impacted the state as major hurricanes.

Florida major hurricanes

[edit]

The following major hurricanes either made landfall on the state as a major hurricane or brought winds of Category 3 status to the state. For storms that made landfall twice or more, the maximum sustained wind speed, and hence the highest Saffir–Simpson category, at the strongest landfall is listed. Only landfalls at major hurricane intensity are listed. Storms are listed since 1851, which is the official start of the Atlantic hurricane database.[5][10] Originally, hurricanes were classified by central pressure in the 20th century;[10][11] however, modern practices quantify storm intensities by maximum sustained winds.[12] United States hurricanes are still classified by central pressure from 1971 to 1979;[10][11] therefore, the maximum sustained winds in the Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT) are utilized for storms from 1971 to 1979,[5] since this period has not been reanalyzed by the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project.[13]

Florida major hurricanes
Storm Saffir–Simpson
Category† 		Date of Landfall
(UTC) 		Year Landfall Intensity
(in Knots) 		Landfall Location
Great Middle Florida 3 August 23 1851 100 Panama City
Unnamed 3 August 17 1871 100 Jupiter Island
Unnamed 3 October 7 1873 100 Captiva Island
Unnamed 3 October 3 1877 100 Panama City
Unnamed 3 September 10 1882 110 Navarre
Unnamed 3 August 16 1888 110 Miami Beach
Unnamed 3 October 9 1894 105 Panama City
Unnamed 3 September 29 1896 110 Cedar Key
Unnamed 3 October 18 1906 105 Marathon
Unnamed 3 October 11 1909 100 Marathon
Unnamed 3 September 29 1917 100 Fort Walton Beach
Florida Keys 4 September 10 1919 130 Dry Tortugas
Tarpon Springs 3 October 25 1921 100 Tarpon Springs
Great Miami 4 September 18–20 1926 125 Perrine
Okeechobee 4 September 17 1928 125 Palm Beach
Unnamed 3 September 4 1933 110 Jupiter
Labor Day 5 September 3 1935 160 Craig Key
Unnamed 3 October 18 1944 105 Dry Tortugas
Unnamed 4 September 15 1945 115 North Key Largo
Unnamed 4 September 17 1947 115 Fort Lauderdale
Unnamed 4 September 21–22 1948 115 East of Chokoloskee
Unnamed 4 August 26 1949 115 Lake Worth
Easy 3 September 5 1950 105 East of Cedar Key
King 4 October 18 1950 115 Miami
Donna 4 September 10 1960 125 Conch Key
Betsy 3 September 8 1965 100 Tavernier
Alma 3 June 8 1966 100 Dry Tortugas*
Eloise 3 September 23 1975 110 East of Destin
Elena 3 September 2 1985 100 Gulfport, Mississippi*
Andrew 5 August 24 1992 145 North of Homestead
Opal 3 October 4 1995 100 Pensacola Beach
Charley 4 August 13 2004 130 Cayo Costa
Ivan 3 September 16 2004 105 West of Gulf Shores, Alabama*
Jeanne 3 September 26 2004 105 Hutchinson Island
Dennis 3 July 10 2005 105 Santa Rosa Island
Wilma 3 October 24 2005 105 Cape Romano
Irma 4 September 10 2017 115 Cudjoe Key
Michael 5 October 10 2018 140 West of Mexico Beach
Ian 4 September 28 2022 130 Cayo Costa
Idalia 3 August 30 2023 100 Keaton Beach
Helene 4 September 27 2024 120 Perry
Milton 3 October 9 2024 105 Siesta Key
References: HURDAT, HRD[5][10]
† Highest Saffir–Simpson scale category experienced on land in the state.
* Storm brought winds of major hurricane intensity to part of the state, while not making landfall.

Strongest and most intense

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Strongest landfalling tropical cyclones
in the U.S. state of Florida† as of 2024
Rank Hurricane Season Wind speed
mph km/h
1 "Labor Day" 1935 185 295
2 Andrew 1992 165 270
3 Michael 2018 160 260
4 "Florida Keys" 1919 150 240
Charley 2004
Ian 2022
7 "Miami" 1926 145 230
"Okeechobee" 1928
Donna 1960
10 Helene 2024 140 220
Source: HURDAT,[5] Hurricane
Research Division,[10] NHC[14]
†Strength refers to maximum sustained wind speed
upon striking land.


Most intense landfalling tropical cyclones
in the U.S. state of Florida† as of 2024
Rank System Season Barometric pressure
1 "Labor Day" 1935 892 mbar (hPa)
2 Michael 2018 919 mbar (hPa)
3 Andrew 1992 922 mbar (hPa)
4 "Florida Keys" 1919 927 mbar (hPa)
5 "Okeechobee" 1928 929 mbar (hPa)
6 "Great Miami" 1926 930 mbar (hPa)
Donna 1960
8 Irma 2017 931 mbar (hPa)
9 Helene 2024 938 mbar (hPa)
10 "Florida" 1948 940 mbar (hPa)
Source: HURDAT,[5] Hurricane
Research Division[10]
†Intensity refers to central barometric pressure upon striking land.

Monthly statistics

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Number of recorded major hurricanes affecting Florida[5][10]
Month Number of major hurricanes
June
1
July
1
August
6
September
20
October
10

Deadliest storms

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Hurricanes causing 100 or more deaths in Florida[6][7][8]
Name Year Number of deaths


"Okeechobee" 1928 2,500+
Unnamed 1781 2,000
Unnamed 1622 1,090
Unnamed 1553 700
Unnamed 1553 <700
Unnamed 1559 500
Unnamed 1559 ~500
Unnamed 1683 496
"Labor Day" 1935 409
"Miami" 1926 372
Unnamed 1563 284
"Florida Keys" 1906 240
Ian 2022 150

See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Effects of hurricanes in Florida.

References

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  1. ^ "After Great Hurricane of 1896". World Digital Library. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
  2. ^ National Hurricane Center (2006). "Tropical Cyclone Climatology". Archived from the original on 2007-12-13. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
  3. ^ Richard Gray (1933). "Florida Hurricanes" (PDF). U.S. Weather Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2008-02-16. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
  4. ^ a b Michael Chenoweth and Cary J. Mock (2013). "Hurricane "Amanda": Rediscovery of a Forgotten U.S. Civil War Florida Hurricane". Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 94 (11): 1735–42. Bibcode:2013BAMS...94.1735C. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00171.1. S2CID 123011306.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. April 5, 2023. Retrieved December 3, 2024. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  6. ^ a b Edward N. Rappaport; Jose Fernandez-Partagas & Jack Beven (1997). "The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1996: Cyclones that may have caused 25+ deaths". NOAA. Archived from the original on 2006-06-28. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
  7. ^ a b Edward N. Rappaport & Jose Fernandez-Partagas (1995). "Notes to the Appendices for the Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1996". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on 2007-07-11. Retrieved 2007-02-02.
  8. ^ a b c Eric S. Blake; Edward N. Rappaport; Christopher W. Landsea (April 2007). "THE DEADLIEST, COSTLIEST, AND MOST INTENSE UNITED STATES TROPICAL CYCLONES FROM 1851 TO 2006 (AND OTHER FREQUENTLY REQUESTED HURRICANE FACTS)" (PDF). p. 26. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-12-17. Retrieved 2007-04-11.
  9. ^ Weather Underground. "Hurricane and Tropical Cyclones" (web). Archived from the original on 2015-05-27. Retrieved 2015-05-27.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g Landsea, Chris; Anderson, Craig; Bredemeyer, William; et al. (January 2022). Continental United States Hurricanes (Detailed Description). Re-Analysis Project (Report). Miami, Florida: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Hurricane Research Division. Retrieved December 3, 2024.
  11. ^ a b Jarrell, Jerry D.; et al. (1992). "Hurricane Experience Levels of Coastal County Populations from Texas to Maine" (PDF). NOAA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2008-10-12. Retrieved 2008-11-22.
  12. ^ Landsea, Christopher W.; et al. (2007). "A Reanalysis of the 1911–20 Atlantic Hurricane Database" (PDF). Journal of Climate. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-05-14. Retrieved 2008-11-22.
  13. ^ Atlantic Hurricane Research Division. "Re-Analysis Project". Archived from the original on 2012-07-16. Retrieved 2008-11-22.
  14. ^ John L. Beven II; Robbie Berg; Andrew Hagen (April 19, 2019). Hurricane Michael (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved April 19, 2019.

Further reading

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