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{{Short description|English sculptor}}
{{Redirect|Julian Allan|the illustrator|Julian Allen}}
{{Redirect|Julian Allan|the illustrator|Julian Allen}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2014}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2014}}
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'''Julian Phelps Allan''', formerly '''Eva Dorothy Allan''', [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] (1892–1996) was an English sculptor active between 1923 and 1960.<ref name=map>'[http://sculpture.gla.ac.uk/view/person.php?id=msib6_1202748987 Miss Julian Phelps Allan]', Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain and Ireland 1851–1951, University of Glasgow History of Art and HATII, online database 2011, accessed 3 November 2014.</ref> In addition to her sculpting, she served in both the [[First World War|First]] and [[Second World War]]s, eventually becoming a colonel in the [[Auxiliary Territorial Service]] and the first President of the ATS War Office Selection Board.
'''Julian Phelps Allan''', formerly '''Eva Dorothy Allan''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|OBE}} (22 June 1892 – 31 January 1996) was an English sculptor active between 1923 and 1960.<ref name=map>{{cite web|title=Miss Julian Phelps Allan|url=http://sculpture.gla.ac.uk/view/person.php?id=msib6_1202748987|website=[[Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain and Ireland 1851–1951]]|accessdate=3 November 2014|archive-date=15 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515095928/https://sculpture.gla.ac.uk/view/person.php?id=msib6_1202748987|url-status=dead}}</ref> In addition to her sculpting, she served in both the [[First World War|First]] and [[Second World War]]s, eventually becoming a colonel in the [[Auxiliary Territorial Service]] and the first President of the ATS War Office Selection Board.


==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
Allan was born Eva Dorothy Allan in [[Millbrook, Southampton]] in 1892.<ref name=tatebio>{{cite book |last1=Chamot |first1=Mary |last2=Farr |first2=Dennis |last3=Butlin |first3=Martin |chapter=Julian Phelps Allan |title=Tate Gallery: The Modern British Paintings, Drawings and Sculpture |date=1964 |publisher=The Oldburne Press |location=London |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/julian-phelps-allan-641}}</ref>
Allan was born Eva Dorothy Allan in [[Millbrook, Southampton]] in 1892.<ref name=tatebio>{{cite book |last1=Chamot |first1=Mary |last2=Farr |first2=Dennis |last3=Butlin |first3=Martin |chapter=Julian Phelps Allan |title=Tate Gallery: The Modern British Paintings, Drawings and Sculpture |date=1964 |publisher=The Oldburne Press |location=London |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/julian-phelps-allan-641 |access-date=3 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515095934/https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/julian-phelps-allan-641 |archive-date=15 May 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


During [[World War I]], she served with the [[Queen Mary's Army Auxiliary Corps]] in France from 1917 to 1919.<ref name=tatebio/><ref name="Spalding">{{cite book|author=[[Frances Spalding]]|publisher=Antique Collectors' Club|year=1990|title=20th Century Painters and Sculptors |ISBN=1 85149 106 6}}</ref>
During [[World War I]], she served as a captain with the [[Queen Mary's Army Auxiliary Corps]] in France from 1917 to 1919.<ref name=tatebio/><ref name="Spalding">{{cite book|author=Frances Spalding|author-link=Frances Spalding|publisher=Antique Collectors' Club|year=1990|title=20th Century Painters and Sculptors |isbn=1-85149-106-6}}</ref><ref name="potter">{{cite book |last1=Potter |first1=Jane |title=Boys in Khaki, Girls in Print: Women's Literary Responses to the Great War, 1914-1918 |date=2005 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-927986-9 |page=221 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VMvwcIQdBZUC&pg=PA221 |language=en}}</ref> Based near [[Dieppe]], Allan was in charge of a camp of 200 people.<ref name=potter/>


After the war Allan trained as a domestic science teacher, then switched to studying art at [[Westminster School of Art]] and, from 1922 to 1925, at the [[Royal Academy of Arts]].<ref name=tatebio/><ref name="Spalding"/> She was awarded a Landseer Scholarship in 1923 and won the Royal Academy's Gold Medal in 1925.<ref name=psos>{{cite web|last1=McIntosh|first1=Anthony|title=Winged Victory|url=http://publicsculpturesofsussex.co.uk/object?id=155|website=Public Sculptures of Sussex|publisher=University of Brighton|accessdate=3 November 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103165204/http://publicsculpturesofsussex.co.uk/object?id=155|archivedate=3 November 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
After the war Allan trained as a domestic science teacher, then switched to studying art at [[Westminster School of Art]] and, from December 1922 to December 1927, at the [[Royal Academy of Arts]].<ref name=tatebio/><ref name="Spalding"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Eva Dorothy Allan, Artist, Royal Academy of Arts |url=https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/eva-dorothy-allan |website=www.royalacademy.org.uk |accessdate=18 April 2020}}</ref> She was awarded a Landseer Scholarship in 1923 and won the Royal Academy's Gold Medal in 1925.<ref name=psos>{{cite web |last1=McIntosh |first1=Anthony |title=Winged Victory |url=http://publicsculpturesofsussex.co.uk/object?id=155 |website=Public Sculptures of Sussex|publisher=University of Brighton |accessdate=3 November 2014 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103165204/http://publicsculpturesofsussex.co.uk/object?id=155|archivedate=3 November 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>


In 1926 Allan went to Florence as a pupil of [[Libero Andreotti]]. She also studied under [[Eric Gill]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Putnam|first1=Brenda|title=The sculptor's way : a guide to modelling and sculpture|date=1939|publisher=Dover (2003 reprint)|location=Mineola, N.Y.|isbn=9780486423135|page=75|edition=Dover|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-DC3UDjjPvgC&pg=PA75}}</ref> She continued researching and studying throughout her professional life, visiting [[Yugoslavia]] in 1933, Croatia (where she met [[Ivan Meštrović]] in [[Zagreb]]) in 1936, and after the war visited France to study [[Romanesque art]] and in 1954, Serbia and Yugoslavia to research [[Byzantine art|Byzantine wall-painting]].<ref name=tatebio/>
In 1926 Allan went to Florence as a pupil of [[Libero Andreotti]]. She also studied under [[Eric Gill]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Putnam|first1=Brenda|title=The sculptor's way : a guide to modelling and sculpture|date=1939|publisher=Dover (2003 reprint)|location=Mineola, N.Y.|isbn=9780486423135|page=75|edition=Dover|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-DC3UDjjPvgC&pg=PA75}}</ref>


==As an artist==
==As an artist==
Allan researched and studied throughout her professional life, visiting [[Yugoslavia]] in 1933; Croatia (where she met [[Ivan Meštrović]] in [[Zagreb]]) in 1936; she went to France to study [[Romanesque art]] after [[World War II]]; and in 1954, Serbia and Yugoslavia to research [[Byzantine art|Byzantine wall-painting]] .<ref name=tatebio/>
Allan formally assumed the identity Julian Phelps Allan in 1929. Curators at the [[Tate]] have suggested that by taking a masculine name, Allan was declaring her lesbian identity.<ref name=marj>{{cite web |title='Marjorie' by Julian Phelps Allan, 1928|url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/allan-marjorie-n04479 |publisher=Tate|accessdate=3 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Foster |first1=Alicia |title=Tate women artists |date=2004 |publisher=Tate |location=London |isbn=9781854373113 |page=66}}</ref> However, Allan may have felt that she needed a less obviously female name in order to have her work as a professional sculptor taken more seriously.<ref name=map/>


⚫
Many of her works, particularly since 1947, are ecclesiastical in theme.<ref name=tatebio/> She has been described as a determined and religious person who valued her independence and ability to choose.<ref name=map/> She also produced architectural sculpture, including [[bas-relief]]s for [[Lambeth Hospital|Lambeth]] and [[Maudsley Hospital]]s.<ref name=tatebio/><ref name="Spalding"/>
⚫
In [[World War II]] Allan served in the [[Auxiliary Territorial Service]] where she became a colonel, and was the first President of the A.T.S. War Office Selection Board.<ref name=tatebio/><ref name="Spalding"/> She was subsequently awarded the [[O.B.E.]].<ref name=tatebio/>

⚫
Many of Allan's works, particularly since 1947, are ecclesiastical in theme.<ref name=tatebio/> She has been described as a determined and religious person who valued her independence and ability to choose.<ref name=map/> She also produced architectural sculpture, including [[bas-relief]]s for [[Lambeth Hospital|Lambeth]] and [[Maudsley Hospital]]s.<ref name=tatebio/><ref name="Spalding"/>


Allan exhibited at the Royal Academy between 1929 and 1938, returning in 1946 and 1949, and from 1947, showed her work at the [[Royal Society of Arts]]. She was an associate member of the [[Royal British Society of Sculptors]] from March 1938 until she resigned in 1941, but rejoined in 1945, and was made a Fellow in 1947.<ref name=map/><ref name=tatebio/>
Allan exhibited at the Royal Academy between 1929 and 1938, returning in 1946 and 1949, and from 1947, showed her work at the [[Royal Society of Arts]]. She was an associate member of the [[Royal British Society of Sculptors]] from March 1938 until she resigned in 1941, but rejoined in 1945, and was made a Fellow in 1947.<ref name=map/><ref name=tatebio/>
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===Significant works===
===Significant works===
[[Image:Grave of Emmeline Pankhurst.JPG|thumb|right|150px|Emmeline Pankhurst's gravestone]]
[[Image:Grave of Emmeline Pankhurst.JPG|thumb|right|150px|[[Emmeline Pankhurst]]{{'}}s gravestone]]
Allan's work can be seen all over the United Kingdom. Some of her most significant work includes:
Allan's work can be seen all over the United Kingdom. Some of her most significant work includes:


* Bust of Marjorie Dunlop in the Tate Gallery (1928).<ref name=marj/>
* Bust of Marjorie Dunlop in the Tate Gallery (1928).<ref name=marj/>
* [[Emmeline Pankhurst]]'s gravestone in [[Brompton Cemetery]] (1928–30).<ref name=map/>
* [[Emmeline Pankhurst]]'s gravestone in [[Brompton Cemetery]] (1928–1930).<ref name=map/>
* The altar relief at [[Downe House School]] (1932).<ref name=map/>
* The altar relief at [[Downe House School]] (1932).<ref name=map/>
* ''Winged Victory'', St. Dunstans National Centre chapel at [[Ovingdean]] (1938).<ref name=psos/>
* ''Winged Victory'', St. Dunstans National Centre chapel at [[Ovingdean]] (1938).<ref name=psos/>
* [[Monumental brass]]es and memorial bronzes.<ref name=map/>
* [[Monumental brass]]es and memorial bronzes.<ref name=map/>


==Later life and death==
==Personal life==
Allan formally assumed the identity Julian Phelps Allan in 1929. Curators at the [[Tate]] have suggested that by taking a masculine name, Allan was declaring her [[lesbian]] identity.<ref name=marj>{{cite web |title=Julian Phelps Allan OBE – Marjorie 1928|url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/allan-marjorie-n04479 |work=[[Tate]]|date=August 2004|accessdate=3 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Foster |first1=Alicia |title=Tate Women Artists |date=2004 |page=66 |chapter=Eva Dorothy Allan, known as Julian Phelps Allan |edition=1st |publisher=[[Tate Publishing Ltd|Tate Publishing]] |location=London |isbn= 978-1854373113}}</ref> Allan, who found it difficult to get work in studios or workshops due to being a woman,<ref name=pmc>{{cite journal |last1=West |first1=Rosamund Lily |title=Pioneering Women |journal=PMC Notes |date=October 2019 |issue=13 |page=12 |url=https://issuu.com/paulmelloncentre/docs/pmc_notes_issue_13/13 |publisher=[[Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art]] |oclc=33415697 |accessdate=18 April 2020}} (via [[issuu]])</ref> may also have felt that for her work to be "taken more seriously" she needed a masculine name.<ref name=map/> However, Allan made it clear that even though she had changed her name, she preferred to retain female pronouns and in correspondence she was addressed as "Miss Julian P. Allan".<ref name=pmc/>
⚫
Allan was registered blind by 1974, and went deaf in later life. When she died on 31 January 1996 in Buckinghamshire, she was 103 years old.<ref name=psos/>

⚫
In World War II, Allan served in the [[Auxiliary Territorial Service]] where she became a colonel, and was the first President of the A.T.S. War Office Selection Board.<ref name=tatebio/><ref name="Spalding"/> She was subsequently awarded the [[O.B.E.]]<ref name=tatebio/>

⚫
Allan was registered blind by 1974, and went deaf in later life.<ref name=psos/>

==Death==
Julian Phelps Allan died at 103 years old on 31 January 1996 in [[Buckinghamshire]], England.<ref name=psos/>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
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[[Category:1892 births]]
[[Category:1892 births]]
[[Category:1996 deaths]]
[[Category:1996 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century British sculptors]]
[[Category:20th-century English sculptors]]
[[Category:20th-century women artists]]
[[Category:20th-century English women artists]]
[[Category:20th-century English LGBTQ people]]
[[Category:Auxiliary Territorial Service officers]]
[[Category:Auxiliary Territorial Service officers]]
[[Category:Blind people from the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:English blind people]]
[[Category:British women in World War I]]
[[Category:British women in World War I]]
[[Category:British women in World War II]]
[[Category:British women in World War II]]
[[Category:Deaf artists]]
[[Category:Deaf artists]]
[[Category:English centenarians]]
[[Category:English deaf people]]
[[Category:English women sculptors]]
[[Category:English women sculptors]]
[[Category:Lesbian artists]]
[[Category:English LGBTQ sculptors]]
[[Category:LGBT artists from the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Lesbian sculptors]]
[[Category:Deaf people from England]]
[[Category:English lesbian artists]]
[[Category:Artists from Southampton]]
[[Category:English women centenarians]]
[[Category:British artists with disabilities]]
[[Category:20th-century British women sculptors]]

Latest revision as of 01:43, 15 December 2024

"Julian Allan" redirects here. For the illustrator, see Julian Allen.

Julian Phelps Allan
Born
Eva Dorothy Allan

(1892-06-22)22 June 1892
Millbrook, Southampton, England
Died31 January 1996(1996-01-31) (aged 103)
Buckinghamshire, England
NationalityEnglish
Known forsculpture

Julian Phelps Allan, formerly Eva Dorothy Allan, OBE (22 June 1892 – 31 January 1996) was an English sculptor active between 1923 and 1960.[1] In addition to her sculpting, she served in both the First and Second World Wars, eventually becoming a colonel in the Auxiliary Territorial Service and the first President of the ATS War Office Selection Board.

Early life and education

[edit]

Allan was born Eva Dorothy Allan in Millbrook, Southampton in 1892.[2]

During World War I, she served as a captain with the Queen Mary's Army Auxiliary Corps in France from 1917 to 1919.[2][3][4] Based near Dieppe, Allan was in charge of a camp of 200 people.[4]

After the war Allan trained as a domestic science teacher, then switched to studying art at Westminster School of Art and, from December 1922 to December 1927, at the Royal Academy of Arts.[2][3][5] She was awarded a Landseer Scholarship in 1923 and won the Royal Academy's Gold Medal in 1925.[6]

In 1926 Allan went to Florence as a pupil of Libero Andreotti. She also studied under Eric Gill.[7]

As an artist

[edit]

Allan researched and studied throughout her professional life, visiting Yugoslavia in 1933; Croatia (where she met Ivan Meštrović in Zagreb) in 1936; she went to France to study Romanesque art after World War II; and in 1954, Serbia and Yugoslavia to research Byzantine wall-painting .[2]

Many of her works, particularly since 1947, are ecclesiastical in theme.[2] She has been described as a determined and religious person who valued her independence and ability to choose.[1] She also produced architectural sculpture, including bas-reliefs for Lambeth and Maudsley Hospitals.[2][3]

Allan exhibited at the Royal Academy between 1929 and 1938, returning in 1946 and 1949, and from 1947, showed her work at the Royal Society of Arts. She was an associate member of the Royal British Society of Sculptors from March 1938 until she resigned in 1941, but rejoined in 1945, and was made a Fellow in 1947.[1][2]

She was also a member of the "Sculptures and Memorials" organisation, which was founded in 1934 to support British sculptors working with local stones.[8]

From about 1950 to 1970 Allan was based in Scotland, living in Balerno, Edinburgh, where she had a studio that was later taken over by the sculptor Michael Snowden.[8]

Significant works

[edit]
Emmeline Pankhurst's gravestone

Allan's work can be seen all over the United Kingdom. Some of her most significant work includes:

Personal life

[edit]

Allan formally assumed the identity Julian Phelps Allan in 1929. Curators at the Tate have suggested that by taking a masculine name, Allan was declaring her lesbian identity.[9][10] Allan, who found it difficult to get work in studios or workshops due to being a woman,[11] may also have felt that for her work to be "taken more seriously" she needed a masculine name.[1] However, Allan made it clear that even though she had changed her name, she preferred to retain female pronouns and in correspondence she was addressed as "Miss Julian P. Allan".[11]

In World War II, Allan served in the Auxiliary Territorial Service where she became a colonel, and was the first President of the A.T.S. War Office Selection Board.[2][3] She was subsequently awarded the O.B.E.[2]

Allan was registered blind by 1974, and went deaf in later life.[6]

Death

[edit]

Julian Phelps Allan died at 103 years old on 31 January 1996 in Buckinghamshire, England.[6]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Miss Julian Phelps Allan". Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain and Ireland 1851–1951. Archived from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Chamot, Mary; Farr, Dennis; Butlin, Martin (1964). "Julian Phelps Allan". Tate Gallery: The Modern British Paintings, Drawings and Sculpture. London: The Oldburne Press. Archived from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  3. ^ a b c d Frances Spalding (1990). 20th Century Painters and Sculptors. Antique Collectors' Club. ISBN 1-85149-106-6.
  4. ^ a b Potter, Jane (2005). Boys in Khaki, Girls in Print: Women's Literary Responses to the Great War, 1914-1918. Clarendon Press. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-19-927986-9.
  5. ^ "Eva Dorothy Allan, Artist, Royal Academy of Arts". www.royalacademy.org.uk. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  6. ^ a b c d McIntosh, Anthony. "Winged Victory". Public Sculptures of Sussex. University of Brighton. Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  7. ^ Putnam, Brenda (1939). The sculptor's way : a guide to modelling and sculpture (Dover ed.). Mineola, N.Y.: Dover (2003 reprint). p. 75. ISBN 9780486423135.
  8. ^ a b Buckman, David (2006). Artists in Britain since 1945 – Volume 1, A to L. Goldmark Gallery. p. 28.
  9. ^ a b "Julian Phelps Allan OBE – Marjorie 1928". Tate. August 2004. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  10. ^ Foster, Alicia (2004). "Eva Dorothy Allan, known as Julian Phelps Allan". Tate Women Artists (1st ed.). London: Tate Publishing. p. 66. ISBN 978-1854373113.
  11. ^ a b West, Rosamund Lily (October 2019). "Pioneering Women". PMC Notes (13). Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art: 12. OCLC 33415697. Retrieved 18 April 2020. (via issuu)

Further reading

[edit]
  • Meara, David (1984). "Julian Phelps Allan, sculptor and brass designer". Transactions of the Monumental Brass Society. 13: 397–409.
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