Alexander, Prince of Orange: Difference between revisions

Names
	Willem Alexander Karel Hendrik Frederik

Alexander
Alexander
Prince of Orange
Born	25 August 1851; Noordeinde Palace, The Hague, Netherlands
Died	21 June 1884 (aged 32); The Hague, Netherlands
Burial	17 July 1884; Nieuwe Kerk, Delft, Netherlands
Names
Names
	Willem Alexander Karel Hendrik Frederik
House	Orange-Nassau
Father	William III of the Netherlands
Mother	Sophie of Württemberg

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Alexander, Prince of Orange (Willem Alexander Karel Hendrik Frederik; 25 August 1851 – 21 June 1884), was heir apparent to his father King William III of the Netherlands from 11 June 1879 until his death.

For a span of 116 years, from the birth of Alexander (1851) until the birth of the present king Willem-Alexander (1967), no male heirs were born into the Dutch Royal House.

Life

Prince Alexander of the Netherlands was born in The Hague on 25 August 1851.^[1] He was the third child of King William III and Queen Sophie. His second brother, Prince Maurice had died the previous year.^[2] Unlike his brother William, the heir-apparent, he was disciplined, intellectual and well-read. His mother, Queen Sophie died in 1877. After Prince William's death two years later on 11 June 1879, he became heir apparent to the Dutch throne and as such the Prince of Orange.

Alexander held the position of heir apparent until his own death, at age 32, on 21 June 1884 in The Hague from typhus.^[1] Although he never married, negotiations were held for him to marry, firstly Princess Thyra of Denmark, and supposedly secondly the Infanta Marie Anne of Portugal. He was buried in the new royal burial vault in the Nieuwe Kerk in Delft on 17 July 1884.^[3] After his death, his half-sister, the future Queen Wilhelmina, became heir presumptive to the Dutch throne.^[4] Alexander's death meant that on the death of William III the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg came into the hands of Duke Adolphus from the Walram line of the House of Nassau, as under the terms of the house-treaty a princess could not succeed to that title.

Prince Alexander was Grand Master of the Grand Orient of the Netherlands.

Honours

Netherlands: Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion, 1861
Luxembourg: Grand Cross of the Order of the Oak Crown, 1861
Württemberg: Grand Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown, 1869^[5]
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: Grand Cross of the Order of the White Falcon, 1873^[6]
Denmark: Knight of the Order of the Elephant, 4 July 1874^[7]
Austria-Hungary: Grand Cross of the Royal Hungarian Order of Saint Stephen, 1874^[8]
Kingdom of Prussia: Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle, 4 December 1874^[9]
Kingdom of Hawaii: Grand Cross of the Order of Kamehameha I, 1881^[10]

Ancestry

Ancestors of Alexander, Prince of Orange

8. William I of the Netherlands

4. William II of the Netherlands

9. Princess Wilhelmine of Prussia

2. William III of the Netherlands

10. Paul I of Russia

5. Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna of Russia

11. Duchess Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg

1. Alexander, Prince of Orange

12. Frederick I of Württemberg

6. William I of Württemberg

13. Duchess Augusta of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

3. Princess Sophie of Württemberg

14. Paul I of Russia (= 10)

7. Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna of Russia

15. Duchess Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg (= 11)

References

^ ^a ^b (in Dutch) Prins Alexander (1851 -1884) Archived 2008-09-18 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 2008-07-28.
^ (in Dutch) Stamboom Koninklijk Huis Archived 2008-07-26 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 2008-07-28.
^ The royal burial vaults Archived 2012-02-13 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 2008-07-28.
^ "Genealogy of the Royal Family of the Netherlands". Archived from the original on 2009-10-28. Retrieved 2013-05-04.
^ Württemberg (1869). Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Württemberg: 1869. p. 32.
^ Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1880), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 14
^ Jørgen Pedersen (2009). Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009 (in Danish). Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 467. ISBN 978-87-7674-434-2.
^ "A Szent István Rend tagjai" Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Schwarzer Adler-orden", Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (in German), vol. 1, Berlin, 1877, p. 14{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ "The King's Tour Round the World: Additional Particulars of the Royal Visit to Spain and Portugal". Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands: The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. October 15, 1881. Retrieved December 16, 2016 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.

External links

Biography of Alexander of the Netherlands (1851–1884)

Dutch royalty
Alexander, Prince of Orange House of Orange-Nassau Born: 25 August 1851 Died: 21 June 1884
Preceded by Willem	Prince of Orange 1879–1884	Vacant Title next held by Willem-Alexander
Masonic offices
Preceded by Prince Frederick of the Netherlands	Grand Master of the Grand Orient of the Netherlands 1882–1884	Succeeded by Pieter Johannes Gesinus van Diggelen

[royalbio-1] (in Dutch) Prins Alexander (1851 -1884) Archived 2008-09-18 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 2008-07-28.

[2] (in Dutch) Stamboom Koninklijk Huis Archived 2008-07-26 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 2008-07-28.

[newchurch-3] The royal burial vaults Archived 2012-02-13 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 2008-07-28.

[geocities.com-4] "Genealogy of the Royal Family of the Netherlands". Archived from the original on 2009-10-28. Retrieved 2013-05-04.

[Württemberg1869-5] Württemberg (1869). Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Württemberg: 1869. p. 32.

[6] Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1880), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 14

[7] Jørgen Pedersen (2009). Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009 (in Danish). Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 467. ISBN 978-87-7674-434-2.

[8] "A Szent István Rend tagjai" Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine

[prus-9] "Schwarzer Adler-orden", Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (in German), vol. 1, Berlin, 1877, p. 14{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[10] "The King's Tour Round the World: Additional Particulars of the Royal Visit to Spain and Portugal". Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands: The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. October 15, 1881. Retrieved December 16, 2016 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Dutch prince (1851–1884)}}
 {{Infobox royalty
 | name           = Alexander
-| title          = Prince of Orange
+| title          = [[Prince of Orange]]
 | image          = Alexander, Prince of Orange, Prince of the Netherlands.jpg
 | caption        =
@@ Line 21: / Line 22: @@
 ==Life==
-Prince Alexander of the Netherlands was born in [[The Hague]] on 25 August 1851.<ref name="royalbio">{{nl icon}} [http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/content.jsp?objectid=24993 Prins Alexander (1851 -1884)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918064538/http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/content.jsp?objectid=24993 |date=2008-09-18 }}. Retrieved on 2008-07-28.</ref> He was the third child of [[William III of the Netherlands|King William III]] and [[Sophie of Württemberg|Queen Sophie]]. His second brother, [[Prince Maurice of the Netherlands|Prince Maurice]] had died the previous year.<ref>{{nl icon}} [http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/stamboom/ Stamboom Koninklijk Huis] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726165801/http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/stamboom/ |date=2008-07-26 }}. Retrieved on 2008-07-28.</ref> Unlike his brother [[William, Prince of Orange|William]], the heir-apparent, he was disciplined, intellectual and well-read. His mother, Queen Sophie died in 1877. After Prince William's death two years later on 11 June 1879, he became [[heir apparent]] to the Dutch throne and as such the [[Princes of Orange|Prince of Orange]].
+Prince Alexander of the Netherlands was born in [[The Hague]] on 25 August 1851.<ref name="royalbio">{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/content.jsp?objectid=24993 Prins Alexander (1851 -1884)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918064538/http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/content.jsp?objectid=24993 |date=2008-09-18 }}. Retrieved on 2008-07-28.</ref> He was the third child of [[William III of the Netherlands|King William III]] and [[Sophie of Württemberg|Queen Sophie]]. His second brother, [[Prince Maurice of the Netherlands|Prince Maurice]] had died the previous year.<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/stamboom/ Stamboom Koninklijk Huis] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726165801/http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/stamboom/ |date=2008-07-26 }}. Retrieved on 2008-07-28.</ref> Unlike his brother [[William, Prince of Orange|William]], the heir-apparent, he was disciplined, intellectual and well-read. His mother, Queen Sophie died in 1877. After Prince William's death two years later on 11 June 1879, he became [[heir apparent]] to the Dutch throne and as such the [[Princes of Orange|Prince of Orange]].
 Alexander held the position of heir apparent until his own death, at age 32, on 21 June 1884 in The Hague from [[typhus]].<ref name="royalbio"/> Although he never married, negotiations were held for him to marry, firstly [[Princess Thyra of Denmark]], and supposedly secondly the [[Infanta Marie Anne of Portugal]].
-He was buried in the new royal burial vault in the [[Nieuwe Kerk (Delft)|Nieuwe Kerk]] in [[Delft]] on 17 July 1884.<ref name="newchurch">[http://www.nieuwekerk-delft.nl/eng/kerkgebouw/huis_van_oranje/koninklijke_grafkelders.html The royal burial vaults]. Retrieved on 2008-07-28.</ref> After his death, his half-sister, the future [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Queen Wilhelmina]], became [[heir presumptive]] to the Dutch throne.<ref name="geocities.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/henrivanoene/gennetherlands.html |title=Genealogy of the Royal Family of the Netherlands |accessdate=2013-05-04 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028120246/http://www.geocities.com/henrivanoene/gennetherlands.html |archivedate=2009-10-28 |df= }}</ref> Alexander's death meant that on the death of William III the [[Grand Duchy of Luxembourg]] came into the hands of [[Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Duke Adolphus]] from the Walram line of the [[House of Nassau]], as under the terms of the house-treaty a princess could not succeed to that title.
+He was buried in the new royal burial vault in the [[Nieuwe Kerk (Delft)|Nieuwe Kerk]] in [[Delft]] on 17 July 1884.<ref name="newchurch">[http://www.nieuwekerk-delft.nl/eng/kerkgebouw/huis_van_oranje/koninklijke_grafkelders.html The royal burial vaults] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213182135/http://www.nieuwekerk-delft.nl/eng/kerkgebouw/huis_van_oranje/koninklijke_grafkelders.html |date=2012-02-13 }}. Retrieved on 2008-07-28.</ref> After his death, his half-sister, the future [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Queen Wilhelmina]], became [[heir presumptive]] to the Dutch throne.<ref name="geocities.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/henrivanoene/gennetherlands.html |title=Genealogy of the Royal Family of the Netherlands |access-date=2013-05-04 |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028120246/http://www.geocities.com/henrivanoene/gennetherlands.html |archive-date=2009-10-28 }}</ref> Alexander's death meant that on the death of William III the [[Grand Duchy of Luxembourg]] came into the hands of [[Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Duke Adolphus]] from the Walram line of the [[House of Nassau]], as under the terms of the house-treaty a princess could not succeed to that title.
 Prince Alexander was [[Grand Master (Masonic)|Grand Master]] of the [[Grand Orient of the Netherlands]].
+==Honours==
-==Titles and styles==
-*His Royal Highness Prince Alexander of the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands|Netherlands]], Prince of [[House of Orange-Nassau|Orange-Nassau]] (1851–1879)
+* {{flag|Netherlands}}: Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Netherlands Lion]], ''1861''
+* {{flag|Luxembourg}}: Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Oak Crown]], ''1861''
-*His Royal Highness [[Prince of Orange|The Prince of Orange]] (1879–1884)
+* {{flag|Württemberg}}: Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Crown (Württemberg)|Order of the Württemberg Crown]], ''1869''<ref name="Württemberg1869">{{cite book|author=Württemberg|title=Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Württemberg: 1869|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=awdTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA32|year=1869|page=32}}</ref>
+* {{flag|Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach}}: Grand Cross of the [[Order of the White Falcon]], ''1873''<ref>''[https://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/rsc/viewer/jportal_derivate_00183947/Staatshandbuch_Film_Nr_14_0374.tif Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach]'' (1880), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 14</ref>
+* {{flag|Denmark}}: Knight of the [[Order of the Elephant]], ''4 July 1874''<ref>{{cite book|author=Jørgen Pedersen|title=Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=glw-AQAAIAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Syddansk Universitetsforlag|language=da|isbn=978-87-7674-434-2|page=467}}</ref>
+* {{flagicon|Austrian Empire}} {{flagicon|Kingdom of Hungary|1873}} [[Austria-Hungary]]: Grand Cross of the Royal Hungarian [[Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary|Order of Saint Stephen]], ''1874''<ref>[http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm "A Szent István Rend tagjai"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222022855/http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm|date=22 December 2010}}</ref>
+* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1803-1892).svg}} [[Kingdom of Prussia]]: Knight of the [[Order of the Black Eagle]], ''4 December 1874''<ref name="prus">{{citation|title=Königlich Preussische Ordensliste|volume=1|chapter-url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049878864&view=1up&seq=5&skin=2021|page=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049878864&view=1up&seq=18&skin=2021 14]|chapter=Schwarzer Adler-orden|language=German|location=Berlin|year=1877}}</ref>
+* {{flag|Kingdom of Hawaii}}: Grand Cross of the [[Royal Order of Kamehameha I|Order of Kamehameha I]], ''1881''<ref>{{cite news|title=The King's Tour Round the World: Additional Particulars of the Royal Visit to Spain and Portugal|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82015418/1881-10-15/ed-1/seq-1/|access-date=December 16, 2016|via=Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.|publisher=The Pacific Commercial Advertiser|date=October 15, 1881|location=Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands}}</ref>
 ==Ancestry==
@@ Line 39: / Line 46: @@
 |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
 |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
-|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
 |1= 1. '''Alexander, Prince of Orange'''
 |2= 2. [[William III of the Netherlands]]
-|3= 3. [[Sophie of Württemberg]]
+|3= 3. [[Sophie of Württemberg|Princess Sophie of Württemberg]]
 |4= 4. [[William II of the Netherlands]]
-|5= 5. [[Anna Pavlovna of Russia]]
+|5= 5. [[Anna Pavlovna of Russia|Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna of Russia]]
 |6= 6. [[William I of Württemberg]]
-|7= 7. [[Catherine Pavlovna of Russia]]
+|7= 7. [[Catherine Pavlovna of Russia|Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna of Russia]]
 |8= 8. [[William I of the Netherlands]]
-|9= 9. [[Wilhelmine of Prussia (1774-1837)|Wilhelmine of Prussia]]
+|9= 9. [[Wilhelmine of Prussia, Queen of the Netherlands|Princess Wilhelmine of Prussia]]
 |10= 10. [[Paul I of Russia]]
-|11= 11. [[Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg)|Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg]]
+|11= 11. [[Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg)|Duchess Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg]]
 |12= 12. [[Frederick I of Württemberg]]
-|13= 13. [[Augusta of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]
+|13= 13. [[Duchess Augusta of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]
-|14= 14. [[Paul I of Russia]] (=10)
+|14= 14. [[Paul I of Russia]] (= 10)
-|15= 15. [[Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg)|Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg]] (=11)
+|15= 15. [[Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg)|Duchess Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg]] (= 11)
-|16= 16. [[William V, Prince of Orange]]
-|17= 17. [[Wilhelmina of Prussia, Princess of Orange|Wilhelmina of Prussia]]
-|18= 18. [[Frederick William II of Prussia]]
-|19= 19. [[Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt]]
-|20= 20. [[Peter III of Russia]]
-|21= 21. [[Catherine II of Russia|Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst]]
-|22= 22. [[Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg]]
-|23= 23. [[Sophia Dorothea of Brandenburg-Schwedt]]
-|24= 24. [[Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg]] (=22)
-|25= 25. [[Sophia Dorothea of Brandenburg-Schwedt]] (=23)
-|26= 26. [[Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick]]
-|27= 27. [[Princess Augusta of Great Britain]]
-|28= 28. [[Peter III of Russia]] (=20)
-|29= 29. [[Catherine II of Russia|Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst]] (=21)
-|30= 30. [[Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg]] (=22)
-|31= 31. [[Sophia Dorothea of Brandenburg-Schwedt]] (=23)
 }}
@@ Line 78: / Line 68: @@
 ==External links==
 {{Commons category|Alexander, Prince of Orange}}
-*[http://madmonarchs.guusbeltman.nl/madmonarchs/alexander/alexander_bio.htm Biography of Alexander of the Netherlands (1851-1884)]
+*[http://madmonarchs.guusbeltman.nl/madmonarchs/alexander/alexander_bio.htm Biography of Alexander of the Netherlands (1851–1884)]
 {{s-start}}
@@ Line 84: / Line 74: @@
 {{s-roy|nl}}
 {{s-bef|before=[[William, Prince of Orange|Willem]]}}
-{{s-ttl|title=[[Prince of Orange]]|years=1879-1884}}
+{{s-ttl|title=[[Prince of Orange]]|years=1879–1884}}
 {{s-vac|next=[[Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange|Willem-Alexander]]}}
-{{end}}
+{{s-npo|mason}}
+{{succession box | title=[[Grand Orient of the Netherlands|Grand Master of the<br>Grand Orient of the Netherlands]] | before=[[Prince Frederick of the Netherlands]] | after=Pieter Johannes Gesinus van Diggelen | years=1882–1884}}
+{{s-end}}
 {{Princes of Orange}}
 {{Dutch princes}}
+{{Authority control}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Alexander, Prince Of Orange}}
@@ Line 99: / Line 94: @@
 [[Category:Princes of Orange-Nassau]]
 [[Category:Leiden University alumni]]
-[[Category:People from The Hague]]
+[[Category:Nobility from The Hague]]
 [[Category:Burials in the Royal Crypt at Nieuwe Kerk, Delft]]
 [[Category:Deaths from typhus]]
+[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Netherlands Lion]]
+[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary]]
+[[Category:Sons of kings]]
+[[Category:Sons of dukes]]

v t e Dutch princes
Generations indicate descent from William I, the first king of the Netherlands.
1st generation	King William II Prince Frederick
2nd generation	King William III Prince Alexander Prince Hendrik Prince Ernest Casimir Prince Willem Prince Frederik
3rd generation	William, Prince of Orange Prince Maurice Alexander, Prince of Orange Hendrik, Prince Consort ¹
4th generation	Bernhard, Prince Consort ¹
5th generation	Claus, Prince Consort ¹
6th generation	King Willem-Alexander Prince Friso ² Prince Constantijn Prince Carlos³ Prince Jaime³ Prince Maurits ⁴ Prince Bernhard ⁴ Prince Pieter-Christiaan ⁴ Prince Floris ⁴
7th generation	Prince Hugo³
¹ title granted by Royal Decree to consort of the Queen, without the title "Prince of Orange-Nassau" ² gave up the title "Prince of the Netherlands, but still held the title "Prince of Orange-Nassau" ³ title granted by Royal Decree to descendants of Princess Irene ⁴ only held the title "Prince of Orange-Nassau"

Authority control databases
International	ISNI VIAF FAST WorldCat
National	Germany United States France BnF data Netherlands
Artists	RKD Artists
People	Netherlands DDB