Rufous-bellied eagle: Difference between revisions

Measurements
Measurements
Himalayas
Sri Lanka

Rufous-bellied eagle
Conservation status
	; Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Accipitriformes
Family:	Accipitridae
Genus:	Lophotriorchis; Sharpe, 1874
Species:	L. kienerii
Binomial name
	Lophotriorchis kienerii; (de Sparre, 1835)
Subspecies
	L. k. kienerii - (de Sparre, 1835); L. k. formosus - (Stresemann, 1924);
Synonyms
	Hieraaetus kienerii; Astur Kienerii protonym;

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The rufous-bellied eagle or rufous-bellied hawk-eagle (Lophotriorchis kienerii) is a bird of prey in the family Accipitridae that is found in the forested regions of tropical Asia. Relatively small for eagles and contrastingly patterned like a falcon, this species was earlier placed in the genus Hieraaetus and sometimes also in the genus Aquila but thought to be distinctive enough to belong to a separate genus.

Taxonomy and systematics

This eagle was originally described as Astur kienerii on the basis of a specimen from the Himalayas. It was later moved to Limnaetus by Jerdon, the genus Lophotriorchis and still later to Hieraaetus, the so-called "hawk-eagles".^[5] A study of the phylogeny of some Hieraaetus species and other eagles indicated that they were nested within the Aquila clade of eagles, resulting in their repositioning. Another molecular study of the eagles suggested that kienerii was distinctive enough to be retained in a separate genus^[4] for which the name Kienastur had been suggested^[6] but as this occurred in a thesis it is invalid for taxonomic purposes, and in any case Lophotriorchis was proposed much earlier (though originally shared with the Black-and-chestnut eagle which is nowadays placed in Spizaetus).

Within its wide range, two subspecies are recognized although there is no marked plumage difference. The nominate kienerii of India and Sri Lanka (the northern birds are larger); and formosus described by Erwin Stresemann in 1924 which is widely distributed across Southeast Asia from Burma to Sulawesi.^[7]

The species name was given by Count Louis Ernest Gustave de Sparre (1802-1866) and honours the French naturalist Louis Charles Kiener (1799-1881).

Description

Adult rufous-bellied eagles are distinctive in their pattern. They have a black hood with a short crest. Chestnut underparts and wing coverts contrast with the white on the throat and breast. The sexes are almost indistinguishable in plumage but females are slightly larger and have more black on the face. They perch in a very upright stance and the wingtip almost reaches the tail. The tarsus is fully feathered. Juveniles have very white underparts with dark markings on the sides of the body, head mask and edge of underwing coverts. They can appear similar to a booted eagle (Aquila pennata). In flight, the underwing lining is dark and the greater coverts are black. The flight feathers are thinly barred with a black edge. The tail is dark and barred.^[8]^[9]

Distribution and habitat

The rufous-bellied eagle is found in southern and south-eastern Asia and its range also extends to Sulawesi.

This species is associated mainly with hill forests. In India, they are commoner in the Western Ghats than along the Himalayas where they occur from Nepal to Assam. They also occur in parts of the Eastern Ghats.^[10]^[11]

Behaviour and ecology

Rufous-bellied eagles are usually seen in flight, soaring high over the forest canopy. They dive to capture prey that can include birds and mammals in the air, canopy, or forest floor. Birds the size of the Sri Lanka wood pigeon, Kalij pheasant and junglefowl have been recorded as prey.^[12]^[13] The breeding season of the eagles is in winter with the young fledging in spring when the prey species are also breeding. The display flight involves stooping and wing-quivering. Their calls include a series of high pitched fwick, fwick... notes followed by a thin sweek!. They nest on a large, often bare tree,^[14] building a large platform of dry sticks and branches that they break off.^[8]^[15]^[16] The nest is lined with green leaves and a single egg is laid. Both parents take turns in incubation, feeding and nest defence.^[9]

References

^ BirdLife International (2020). "Lophotriorchis kienerii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22696111A176625288. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
^ Dickinson, E.C. (2005). "The correct authorship of the name Astur kienerii (Rufous-bellied Hawk Eagle)". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 125: 317–320.
^ Gill F, D Donsker & P Rasmussen (Eds). 2020. IOC World Bird List (v10.2). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.10.2.
^ ^a ^b Lerner, H.R.L.; Mindell, D.P. (2005). "Phylogeny of eagles, Old World vultures, and other Accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 37 (2): 327–346. Bibcode:2005MolPE..37..327L. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.010. PMID 15925523.
^ Blanford, W.T. (1895). The Fauna of British India. Birds. Vol. 3. London: Taylor and Francis. pp. 345–346.
^ Gjershaug, Jan Ove (2006). Taxonomy and conservation status of hawk-eagles (genus Nisaetus) in South-East Asia. Unpublished thesis (Thesis). Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
^ Mayr, E.; Cottrell, G.W., eds. (1979). Check-list of birds of the world. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. pp. 384–385.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Rasmussen, P.C.; Anderton, J.C. (2005). Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide. Vol. 2. Washington DC and Barcelona: Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions. p. 108. ISBN 978-8487334672.
^ ^a ^b Ali, S.; Ripley, S.D. (1978). Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 270–272.
^ Taher, Humayun (1992). "Rufous bellied Hawk-Eagle Hieraaetus kienerii (E. Geoffroy) in Andhra Pradesh". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 89 (3): 368.
^ Sajan, S.K.; Xaxa, Sanjay; Bakshi, M.K.; Srivastava, D.S. (2016). "First Sighting of Rufous-Bellied Eagle Hieraaetus kienerii (E. Geoffroy, 1835) from Jharkhand, India:A Note on its Description and Conservation". Indian Forester. 142 (4): 405–406.
^ Baker, E.C.S. (1928). Fauna of British India. Birds. Vol. 5 (2nd ed.). London: Taylor and Francis. pp. 80–82.
^ Bligh, Samuel (1886). "Note on Kiener's Hawk-Eagle". Ibis. 28 (3): 299. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1886.tb06291.x.
^ Kinloch, A.M. (1907). "The nesting of the Rufous-bellied Hawk-Eagle (Lophotriorchis kieneri)". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 17 (4): 1027–1028.
^ Jayaneththi, H. Bandula (2010). "Some observations of nesting behavior of endangered Rufous-bellied Hawk Eagle (Hieraaetus kienerii) in Udagama-kegalle mountains of central Sri Lanka" (PDF). Tigerpaper. 33 (2): 1–3.
^ Iqbal, Muhammad; Mulyawati, Dwi; Fujita, Motoko Sugimoto; Hua, Fangyuan; Zetra, Berly (2011). "A Breeding Record of the Rufous-bellied Eagle Lophotriorchis (Hieraaetus) kienerii in Sumatra" (PDF). Kukila. 15: 75–79.

External links

[IUCN-1] BirdLife International (2020). "Lophotriorchis kienerii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22696111A176625288. Retrieved 6 November 2021.

[Dickinson2005-2] Dickinson, E.C. (2005). "The correct authorship of the name Astur kienerii (Rufous-bellied Hawk Eagle)". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 125: 317–320.

[3] Gill F, D Donsker & P Rasmussen (Eds). 2020. IOC World Bird List (v10.2). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.10.2.

[lm-4] Lerner, H.R.L.; Mindell, D.P. (2005). "Phylogeny of eagles, Old World vultures, and other Accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 37 (2): 327–346. Bibcode:2005MolPE..37..327L. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.010. PMID 15925523.

[Blanford1895-5] Blanford, W.T. (1895). The Fauna of British India. Birds. Vol. 3. London: Taylor and Francis. pp. 345–346.

[Gjershaug2006-6] Gjershaug, Jan Ove (2006). Taxonomy and conservation status of hawk-eagles (genus Nisaetus) in South-East Asia. Unpublished thesis (Thesis). Norwegian University of Science and Technology.

[Mayr1979-7] Mayr, E.; Cottrell, G.W., eds. (1979). Check-list of birds of the world. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. pp. 384–385.

[pcr-8] Rasmussen, P.C.; Anderton, J.C. (2005). Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide. Vol. 2. Washington DC and Barcelona: Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions. p. 108. ISBN 978-8487334672.

[hbk-9] Ali, S.; Ripley, S.D. (1978). Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 270–272.

[Taher1992-10] Taher, Humayun (1992). "Rufous bellied Hawk-Eagle Hieraaetus kienerii (E. Geoffroy) in Andhra Pradesh". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 89 (3): 368.

[11] Sajan, S.K.; Xaxa, Sanjay; Bakshi, M.K.; Srivastava, D.S. (2016). "First Sighting of Rufous-Bellied Eagle Hieraaetus kienerii (E. Geoffroy, 1835) from Jharkhand, India:A Note on its Description and Conservation". Indian Forester. 142 (4): 405–406.

[fbi2-12] Baker, E.C.S. (1928). Fauna of British India. Birds. Vol. 5 (2nd ed.). London: Taylor and Francis. pp. 80–82.

[Bligh1886-13] Bligh, Samuel (1886). "Note on Kiener's Hawk-Eagle". Ibis. 28 (3): 299. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1886.tb06291.x.

[Kinloch1907-14] Kinloch, A.M. (1907). "The nesting of the Rufous-bellied Hawk-Eagle (Lophotriorchis kieneri)". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 17 (4): 1027–1028.

[Jayaneththi-15] Jayaneththi, H. Bandula (2010). "Some observations of nesting behavior of endangered Rufous-bellied Hawk Eagle (Hieraaetus kienerii) in Udagama-kegalle mountains of central Sri Lanka" (PDF). Tigerpaper. 33 (2): 1–3.

[Iqbal2011-16] Iqbal, Muhammad; Mulyawati, Dwi; Fujita, Motoko Sugimoto; Hua, Fangyuan; Zetra, Berly (2011). "A Breeding Record of the Rufous-bellied Eagle Lophotriorchis (Hieraaetus) kienerii in Sumatra" (PDF). Kukila. 15: 75–79.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Species of bird}}
-{{speciesbox
+{{Speciesbox
-| image = Rufous-bellied-hawk-eagle2.JPG
+| image = Rufous-bellied Eagle.jpg
-| status = LC
+| status = NT
 | status_system = IUCN3.1
-| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{IUCN|id=22696111 |title=''Lophotriorchis kienerii'' |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}}</ref>
+| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn |title=''Lophotriorchis kienerii'' |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2020 |page=e.T22696111A176625288 |access-date=6 November 2021}}</ref>
 | genus = Lophotriorchis
 | parent_authority = [[Richard Bowdler Sharpe|Sharpe]], 1874
 | species = kienerii
-| authority = ([[G. de Sparre]], 1835)<ref name=Dickinson2005/>
+| authority = (de Sparre, 1835)<ref name=Dickinson2005/>
+| subdivision_ranks = Subspecies
-| synonyms =
+| subdivision_ref = <ref>Gill F, D Donsker & P Rasmussen (Eds). 2020. IOC World Bird List (v10.2). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.10.2.</ref>
-*''Hieraaetus kienerii''<ref name=lm/>
+| subdivision =
+* ''L. k. kienerii'' - (de Sparre, 1835)
+* ''L. k. formosus'' - (Stresemann, 1924)
+| synonyms = * ''Hieraaetus kienerii''<ref name=lm/>
 * ''Astur Kienerii'' <small>protonym</small>
 }}
-The '''rufous-bellied eagle''' or '''rufous-bellied hawk-eagle''' (''Lophotriorchis kienerii'') is a [[bird of prey]] in the family Accipitridae that is found in the forested regions of tropical Asia. Relatively small for eagles and contrastingly patterned like a falcon, this species was earlier placed in the genus ''Hieraaetus'' and sometimes also in the genus ''Aquila'' but thought to be distinctive enough to belong to a separate genus.
+The '''rufous-bellied eagle''' or '''rufous-bellied hawk-eagle''' ('''''Lophotriorchis kienerii''''') is a [[bird of prey]] in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Accipitridae]] that is found in the forested regions of tropical Asia. Relatively small for eagles and contrastingly patterned like a falcon, this species was earlier placed in the genus ''[[Hieraaetus]]'' and sometimes also in the genus ''[[Aquila (bird)|Aquila]]'' but thought to be distinctive enough to belong to a separate genus.
+==Taxonomy and systematics==
-==Description==
+[[File:Rufous-bellied-hawk-eagle2.JPG|thumb|left|A captive adult rufous-bellied eagle.]]
-Adult rufous-bellied eagles are distinctive in their pattern. They have a black hood with a short crest. Chestnut underparts and wing coverts contrast with the white on the throat and breast. The sexes are almost indistinguishable in plumage but females are slightly larger and have more black on the face. They perch in a very upright stance and the wingtip almost reaches the tail. The tarsus is fully feathered. Juveniles have very white underparts with dark markings on the sides of the body, head mask and edge of underwing coverts. They can appear similar to a booted eagle (''[[Aquila pennata]]''). In flight, the underwing lining is dark and the greater coverts are black. The flight feathers are thinly barred with a black edge. The tail is dark and barred.<ref name=pcr/><ref name=hbk/>
+This eagle was originally described as ''Astur kienerii'' on the basis of a specimen from the Himalayas. It was later moved to ''Limnaetus'' by [[Thomas C. Jerdon|Jerdon]], the genus ''Lophotriorchis'' and still later to ''Hieraaetus'', the so-called "hawk-eagles".<ref name=Blanford1895/> A study of the phylogeny of some ''Hieraaetus'' species and other eagles indicated that they were nested within the ''Aquila'' clade of eagles, resulting in their repositioning. Another molecular study of the eagles suggested that ''kienerii'' was distinctive enough to be retained in a separate genus<ref name=lm/> for which the name ''Kienastur'' had been suggested<ref name=Gjershaug2006/> but as this occurred in a thesis it is invalid for [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomic]] purposes, and in any case ''Lophotriorchis'' was proposed [[junior synonym|much earlier]] (though originally shared with the [[Black-and-chestnut eagle]] which is nowadays placed in ''Spizaetus'').
-==Taxonomy==
-This eagle was originally described as ''Astur kienerii'' on the basis of a specimen from the Himalayas. It was later moved to ''Limnaetus'' by [[Thomas C. Jerdon|Jerdon]], the genus ''Lophotriorchis'' and still later to ''Hieraaetus'', the so-called "hawk-eagles".<ref name=Blanford1895/> A study of the phylogeny of some ''Hieraaetus'' species and other eagles indicated that they were nested within the ''Aquila'' clade of eagles, resulting in their repositioning. Another molecular study of the eagles suggested that ''kienerii'' was distinctive enough to be retained in a separate genus<ref name=lm/> for which the name ''Kienastur'' had been suggested<ref name=Gjershaug2006/> but as this occurred in a thesis it is invalid for [[taxonomic]] purposes, and in any case ''Lophotriorchis'' was proposed [[junior synonym|much earlier]] (though originally shared with the [[Black-and-chestnut eagle]] which is nowadays placed in ''Spizaetus'').
 Within its wide range, two subspecies are recognized although there is no marked plumage difference. The nominate ''kienerii'' of India and Sri Lanka (the northern birds are larger); and ''formosus'' described by [[Erwin Stresemann]] in 1924 which is widely distributed across Southeast Asia from Burma to Sulawesi.<ref name=Mayr1979/>
+The species name was given by Count [[Louis Ernest Gustave de Sparre]] (1802-1866) and honours the French naturalist [[Louis Charles Kiener]] (1799-1881).
-==Habitat and distribution==
+==Description==
+Adult rufous-bellied eagles are distinctive in their pattern. They have a black hood with a short crest. Chestnut underparts and wing coverts contrast with the white on the throat and breast. The sexes are almost indistinguishable in plumage but females are slightly larger and have more black on the face. They perch in a very upright stance and the wingtip almost reaches the tail. The tarsus is fully feathered. Juveniles have very white underparts with dark markings on the sides of the body, head mask and edge of underwing coverts. They can appear similar to a booted eagle (''[[Aquila pennata]]''). In flight, the underwing lining is dark and the greater coverts are black. The flight feathers are thinly barred with a black edge. The tail is dark and barred.<ref name=pcr/><ref name=hbk/>
+==Distribution and habitat==
 [[File:Rufous-bellied-hawk-eagle.JPG|thumb|upright|left]]
+The rufous-bellied eagle is found in southern and south-eastern Asia and its range also extends to [[Sulawesi]].
-This species is associated mainly with hill forests. In India, they are commoner in the [[Western Ghats]] than along the Himalayas where they occur from [[Nepal]] to [[Assam]]. They also occur in parts of the [[Eastern Ghats]].<ref name=Taher1992/><ref>{{cite journal| author1=Sajan, S.K.|author2=Xaxa, Sanjay| author3=Bakshi, M.K.| author4=Srivastava, D.S.| title=First Sighting of Rufous-Bellied Eagle Hieraaetus kienerii (E. Geoffroy, 1835) from Jharkhand, India:A Note on its Description and Conservation| journal=Indian Forester| volume=142| issue=4|year=2016| pages=405–406}}</ref> Their distribution range includes [[Bangladesh]], [[Bhutan]], [[Brunei]], [[Cambodia]], [[China]], [[India]], [[Indonesia]], [[Laos]], [[Malaysia]], [[Myanmar]], [[Nepal]], [[Philippines]], [[Singapore]] (Vagrant), [[Sri Lanka]], [[Thailand]] and [[Viet Nam]].<ref>http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22696111/0</ref>
+This species is associated mainly with hill forests. In India, they are commoner in the [[Western Ghats]] than along the Himalayas where they occur from Nepal to [[Assam]]. They also occur in parts of the [[Eastern Ghats]].<ref name=Taher1992/><ref>{{cite journal| author1=Sajan, S.K.|author2=Xaxa, Sanjay| author3=Bakshi, M.K.| author4=Srivastava, D.S.| title=First Sighting of Rufous-Bellied Eagle Hieraaetus kienerii (E. Geoffroy, 1835) from Jharkhand, India:A Note on its Description and Conservation| journal=Indian Forester| volume=142| issue=4|year=2016| pages=405–406}}</ref>
 ==Behaviour and ecology==
@@ Line 53: / Line 63: @@
 ==References==
-<!-- FieldianaZool31:571. Forktail16:147. -->
 {{Reflist|2|refs=
-<ref name=Blanford1895>{{Cite book |title=The Fauna of British India. Birds |volume=Volume 3 |last=Blanford |first=W.T. |year=1895 |publisher=Taylor and Francis |place=London |pages=345–346 |url=https://archive.org/stream/birdsindia03oaterich#page/345/mode/1up}}</ref>
+<ref name=Blanford1895>{{Cite book |title=The Fauna of British India. Birds |volume=3 |last=Blanford |first=W.T. |year=1895 |publisher=Taylor and Francis |place=London |pages=345–346 |url=https://archive.org/stream/birdsindia03oaterich#page/345/mode/1up}}</ref>
 <ref name=Bligh1886>{{cite journal |last=Bligh |first=Samuel |year=1886 |title=Note on Kiener's Hawk-Eagle |journal=Ibis |volume=28 |issue=3 |page=299 |doi=10.1111/j.1474-919X.1886.tb06291.x |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8566621}}</ref>
@@ Line 61: / Line 70: @@
 <ref name=Dickinson2005>{{cite journal |last=Dickinson |first=E.C. |year=2005 |title=The correct authorship of the name ''Astur kienerii'' (Rufous-bellied Hawk Eagle) |journal=Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club |volume=125 |pages=317–320 |url=http://biostor.org/reference/111782}}</ref>
-<ref name=fbi2>{{cite book |last=Baker |first=E.C.S. |year=1928 |url=https://archive.org/stream/BakerFbiBirds5/BakerFBI5#page/n98/mode/1up |pages=80–82 |title=Fauna of British India. Birds. |volume=Volume 5 |edition=2nd |publisher=Taylor and Francis |place=London}}</ref>
+<ref name=fbi2>{{cite book |last=Baker |first=E.C.S. |year=1928 |url=https://archive.org/stream/BakerFbiBirds5/BakerFBI5#page/n98/mode/1up |pages=80–82 |title=Fauna of British India. Birds. |volume=5 |edition=2nd |publisher=Taylor and Francis |place=London}}</ref>
-<ref name=Gjershaug2006>{{cite book |first=Jan Ove |last=Gjershaug |year=2006 |title=Taxonomy and conservation status of hawk-eagles (genus ''Nisaetus'') in South-East Asia. Unpublished thesis |publisher=Norwegian University of Science and Technology |url=http://www.diva-portal.org/ntnu/abstract.xsql?dbid=413}}</ref>
+<ref name=Gjershaug2006>{{cite thesis |first=Jan Ove |last=Gjershaug |year=2006 |title=Taxonomy and conservation status of hawk-eagles (genus ''Nisaetus'') in South-East Asia. Unpublished thesis |publisher=Norwegian University of Science and Technology |url=http://www.diva-portal.org/ntnu/abstract.xsql?dbid=413}}</ref>
-<ref name=hbk>{{cite book |last1=Ali |first1=S. |first2=S.D. |last2=Ripley |year=1978 |title=[[Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan]] |volume=Volume 1 |edition=2nd |publisher=Oxford University Press |place=New Delhi |pages=270–272}}</ref>
+<ref name=hbk>{{cite book |last1=Ali |first1=S. |first2=S.D. |last2=Ripley |year=1978 |title=Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan |volume=1 |edition=2nd |publisher=Oxford University Press |place=New Delhi |pages=270–272|title-link=Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan }}</ref>
 <ref name=Iqbal2011>{{cite journal |journal=Kukila |volume=15 |year=2011 |pages=75–79 |url=http://www.ruffordsmallgrants.org/files/Kukila%2015,75-79.pdf |title=A Breeding Record of the Rufous-bellied Eagle Lophotriorchis (Hieraaetus) kienerii in Sumatra |last1=Iqbal |first1=Muhammad |first2=Dwi |last2=Mulyawati |first3=Motoko Sugimoto |last3=Fujita |first4=Fangyuan |last4=Hua |first5=Berly |last5=Zetra}}</ref>
@@ Line 73: / Line 82: @@
 <ref name=Kinloch1907>{{cite journal |last=Kinloch |first=A.M. |year=1907 |title=The nesting of the Rufous-bellied Hawk-Eagle (''Lophotriorchis kieneri'') |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=1027–1028|url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30120271}}</ref>
-<ref name=lm>{{cite journal |last1=Lerner |first1=H.R.L. |first2=D.P. |last2=Mindell |year=2005 |title=Phylogeny of eagles, Old World vultures, and other Accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |issue=37 |pages=327–346 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.010 |volume=37 |pmid=15925523 }}</ref>
+<ref name=lm>{{cite journal |last1=Lerner |first1=H.R.L. |first2=D.P. |last2=Mindell |year=2005 |title=Phylogeny of eagles, Old World vultures, and other Accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |issue=2 |pages=327–346 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.010 |volume=37 |pmid=15925523 |bibcode=2005MolPE..37..327L }}</ref>
-<ref name=Mayr1979>{{cite book |title=Check-list of birds of the world |volume=Volume 1 |edition=2nd |editor-last1=Mayr |editor-first1=E. |editor-first2=G.W. |editor-last2=Cottrell |year=1979 |publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology |place=Cambridge, Massachusetts |pages=384–385 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16109024}}</ref>
+<ref name=Mayr1979>{{cite book |title=Check-list of birds of the world |volume=1 |edition=2nd |editor-last1=Mayr |editor-first1=E. |editor-first2=G.W. |editor-last2=Cottrell |year=1979 |publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology |place=Cambridge, Massachusetts |pages=384–385 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16109024}}</ref>
-<ref name=pcr>{{cite book |last1=Rasmussen |first1=P.C. |first2=J.C. |last2=Anderton |year=2005 |title=Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide |volume=Volume 2 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions |place=Washington DC and Barcelona |page=108 |isbn=978-8487334672}}</ref>
+<ref name=pcr>{{cite book |last1=Rasmussen |first1=P.C. |first2=J.C. |last2=Anderton |year=2005 |title=Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide |volume=2 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions |place=Washington DC and Barcelona |page=108 |isbn=978-8487334672}}</ref>
 <ref name=Taher1992>{{cite journal |last=Taher |first=Humayun |year=1992 |title=Rufous bellied Hawk-Eagle ''Hieraaetus kienerii'' (E. Geoffroy) in Andhra Pradesh |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |volume=89 |issue=3 |page=368| url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48732848}}</ref>
@@ Line 92: / Line 101: @@
 * {{Xeno-canto species|Lophotriorchis|kienerii|Rufous-bellied eagle}}
+{{Accipitrimorphae|A.|state=collapsed}}
 {{Taxonbar|from=Q280663}}
-{{DEFAULTSORT:eagle, rufous-bellied}}
 [[Category:Aquilinae|rufous-bellied eagle]]
 [[Category:Birds of Bhutan]]
@@ Line 103: / Line 112: @@
 [[Category:Birds of Southeast Asia]]
 [[Category:Birds described in 1835|rufous-bellied eagle]]
+[[Category:Eagles]]

Measurements
Himalayas^[8]

Length		490–505 mm (19.3–19.9 in)
		535–560 mm (21.1–22.0 in)
Tail		210–230 mm (8.3–9.1 in)
		236–250 mm (9.3–9.8 in)
Tarsus		150–160 mm (5.9–6.3 in)
		165–175 mm (6.5–6.9 in)
Sri Lanka^[8]

Length		450–475 mm (17.7–18.7 in)
		120–200 mm (4.7–7.9 in)
Tail		180–200 mm (7.1–7.9 in)
		100–200 mm (3.9–7.9 in)
Tarsus		150–200 mm (5.9–7.9 in)