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{{Short description|Prussian officer and General of Infantry}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
| name = Karl Freiherr von Plettenberg
| name = Karl Freiherr von Plettenberg
| image = Vonplattenbergkarl.jpg
| image = Freiherr von Plettenberg.jpg
| caption = Karl Freiherr von Plettenberg during WWI
| caption =
| birth_date = 18 December 1852
| birth_date = 18 December 1852
| birth_place = [[Paderborn|Neuhaus]], [[Kingdom of Prussia]]
| birth_place = [[Paderborn|Neuhaus]], [[Kingdom of Prussia]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1938|02|10|1852|12|18}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1938|02|10|1852|12|18}}
| death_place = [[Bückeburg]], [[Germany]]
| death_place = [[Bückeburg]], [[Nazi Germany|Germany]]
| allegiance = {{flag|German Empire}} (to 1918)
| allegiance = {{flag|German Empire}} (to 1918)
| branch = Army
| branch = Army
| serviceyears = 1870–1917
| serviceyears = 1870–1917
| rank = [[General of Infantry]]
| rank = [[General of the Infantry (Germany)|General of Infantry]]
| battles = [[Franco-Prussian War]]<br/>[[World War I]]
| battles = [[Franco-Prussian War]]<br/>[[World War I]]
|commands =
|commands =
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}}
}}


'''Karl Freiherr{{efn|{{German title Freiherr}}}} von Plettenberg''' (18 December 1852 in [[Paderborn|Neuhaus]] – 10 February 1938 in [[Bückeburg]]) was a [[Prussian]] [[Officer (armed forces)|officer]], and later [[General of Infantry]] during [[World War I]]. He was [[Commandant-General]] of the [[Guards Corps (German Empire)|Guards Corps]], [[Adjutant General]] of the German [[Kaiser]] [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Wilhelm II]] and a recipient of [[Pour le Mérite]].<ref name="Machine">{{cite web|title=Karl Freiherr von Plettenberg|publisher=The Prussian Machine|url=http://home.comcast.net/~jcviser/akb/plettenberg.htm|accessdate=23 January 2013}}</ref>
'''Karl Freiherr{{efn|{{German title Freiherr}}}} von Plettenberg''' (18 December 1852, in [[Paderborn|Neuhaus]] – 10 February 1938, in [[Bückeburg]]) was a [[Prussia|Prussian]] [[Officer (armed forces)|officer]], and later [[General of the Infantry (Germany)|General of Infantry]] during [[World War I]]. He was [[Commandant-General]] of the [[Guards Corps (German Empire)|Guards Corps]], [[Adjutant General]] of the German [[Kaiser]] [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Wilhelm II]] and a recipient of [[Pour le Mérite]].<ref name="Machine">{{cite web|title=Karl Freiherr von Plettenberg|publisher=The Prussian Machine|url=http://home.comcast.net/~jcviser/akb/plettenberg.htm|accessdate=23 January 2013}}</ref>


==Life and military career==
==Life and military career==
Karl von Plettenberg was born on 18 December 1852 in [[Paderborn|Neuhaus]] into the [[Westphalia]]n [[Uradel|old noble]] [[House of Plettenberg|Plettenberg family]] from the [[Sauerland]]. His father was Eugen von Plettenberg, an officer ([[Major]] and cavalry squadron commander). His mother was Minette von der Borch.
Karl von Plettenberg was born on 18 December 1852 in [[Paderborn|Neuhaus]] into the [[Westphalia]]n [[Uradel|old noble]] [[House of Plettenberg|Plettenberg family]] from the [[Sauerland]]. He was the son of [[Freiherr|Baron]] Eugen von Plettenberg, an officer ([[Major (rank)|Major]] and cavalry squadron commander) and his wife, Minette von der Borch (1827–1885).
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Plettenberg was in the Corps of Cadets and was raised in 1870 in the fifth Westphalian Infantry Regiment No. 53 in Cologne one. With this he took as a second lieutenant in the 1870-1871 Franco-German War in part. Then he attended the Prussian Military Academy and was in the first Guards regiment of foot offset. He acted after promotion to captain as a company commander . 1890 Plettenberg took over as major guiding the Westphalian Rifle Battalion # 7 in Bückeburg. In 1894 he became commander of the Guards Rifle Battalion in Potsdam and in that capacity in 1896 Lieutenant Colonel promoted. 1898 he was appointed commander of the 1st Guards. From 1902 he served as Chief of hunters and shooters , and was at the same time carry out the duties of the commander of the Military Police Corps Riding ends commissioned. In 1906 he took over the command of the 22nd Division in Kassel. On 12 April 1912 he was promoted to general of infantry, while the Commanding General of the IX. Army Corps in Altona appointed. 1913 Finally, he took over the guard corps .
Plettenberg was in the Corps of Cadets and was raised in 1870 in the fifth Westphalian Infantry Regiment No. 53 in Cologne one. With this he took as a second lieutenant in the 1870-1871 Franco-German War in part. Then he attended the Prussian Military Academy and was in the first Guards regiment of foot offset. He acted after promotion to captain as a company commander . 1890 Plettenberg took over as major guiding the Westphalian Rifle Battalion # 7 in Bückeburg. In 1894 he became commander of the Guards Rifle Battalion in Potsdam and in that capacity in 1896 Lieutenant Colonel promoted. 1898 he was appointed commander of the 1st Guards. From 1902 he served as Chief of hunters and shooters , and was at the same time carry out the duties of the commander of the Military Police Corps Riding ends commissioned. In 1906 he took over the command of the 22nd Division in Kassel. On 12 April 1912 he was promoted to general of infantry, while the Commanding General of the IX. Army Corps in Altona appointed. 1913 Finally, he took over the guard corps .
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==Awards==
==Awards==
* [[Order of the Crown (Prussia)|Order of the Crown]] 1st Class <ref name="Rangliste1914">''Rangliste der Königlich Preußischen Armee und des XIII. (Königlich Württembergischen) Armeekorps für 1914'', Hrsg.: Preußisches Kriegsministerium, Ernst Siegfried Mittler & Sohn, Berlin 1914, page 47</ref>
* [[Order of the Crown (Prussia)|Order of the Crown]] 1st Class <ref name="Rangliste1914">''Rangliste der Königlich Preußischen Armee und des XIII. (Königlich Württembergischen) Armeekorps für 1914'', Hrsg.: Preußisches Kriegsministerium, Ernst Siegfried Mittler & Sohn, Berlin 1914, page 47</ref>
* Knight's Cross of the Royal [[House Order of Hohenzollern]] <ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Knight's Cross of the Royal [[House Order of Hohenzollern]]<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* [[Iron Cross]] of 1870, 2nd class <ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* [[Iron Cross]] of 1870, 2nd class <ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Cross of the Prussian [[Service award|Service Award]] <ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Cross of the Prussian [[Service award|Service Award]]<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Honor Commander's Cross of the Princely [[House Order of Hohenzollern]] <ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Honor Commander's Cross of the Princely [[House Order of Hohenzollern]]<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Grand Cross with Gold Crown in the [[Order of the Wendish Crown]] <ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Grand Cross with Gold Crown in the [[Order of the Wendish Crown]]<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Commander of the [[Order of the Griffon (Mecklenburg)|Order of the Griffon]] (Mecklenburg)<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Commander of the [[Order of the Griffon (Mecklenburg)|Order of the Griffon]] (Mecklenburg)<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Honorary Grand Cross of the [[House and Merit Order of Peter Frederick Louis]] (Oldenburg)<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Honorary Grand Cross of the [[House and Merit Order of Peter Frederick Louis]] (Oldenburg)<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Cross of Honour 1st Class with Crown ([[Principality of Reuss-Gera|Reuss]])<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* [[Princely Reuss Honour Cross| Cross of Honour ]] 1st Class with Crown ([[Principality of Reuss-Gera|Reuss]])<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Commander, First Class of the [[Albert Order]] <ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Commander, First Class of the [[Albert Order]]<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Commander of the [[Order of the White Falcon]] <ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Commander of the [[Order of the White Falcon]]<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Commander, First Class of the Ducal [[Saxe-Ernestine House Order]] <ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Commander, First Class of the Ducal [[Saxe-Ernestine House Order]]<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Cross of Honor, First Class of the House Order of [[Lippe]] <ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Cross of Honor, First Class of the House Order of [[Lippe]]<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Military Merit Cross, 2nd Class ([[Waldeck (state)|Waldeck]])<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Military Merit Cross, 2nd Class ([[Waldeck (state)|Waldeck]])<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Merit Cross, 1st Class ([[Waldeck (state)|Waldeck]])<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Merit Cross, 1st Class ([[Waldeck (state)|Waldeck]])<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Dannebrog]] (Denmark)<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Dannebrog]] (Denmark)<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Grand Cross of the [[Royal Victorian Order]] (United Kingdom)<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Grand Cross of the [[Royal Victorian Order]] (United Kingdom)<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Grand Officer of the [[Order of the Crown of Italy]] <ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Grand Officer of the [[Order of the Crown of Italy]]<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Grand Cross of the [[Order of Orange-Nassau]] (Netherlands)<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Grand Cross of the [[Order of Orange-Nassau]] (Netherlands)<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* [[Order of the Iron Crown (Austria)|Order of the Iron Crown]], 2nd Class (Austria)<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* [[Order of the Iron Crown (Austria)|Order of the Iron Crown]], 2nd Class (Austria)<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Knight of the [[Order of Franz Joseph]] <ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Knight of the [[Order of Franz Joseph]]<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Grand Officer of the [[Order of the Lion and the Sun]] (Persia)<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Grand Officer of the [[Order of the Lion and the Sun]] (Persia)<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Commander of the [[Order of the Star of Romania]] <ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Commander of the [[Order of the Star of Romania]]<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Officer of the [[Order of the Crown (Romania)|Order of the Crown of Romania]] <ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Officer of the [[Order of the Crown (Romania)|Order of the Crown of Romania]]<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Imperial and Royal [[Order of the White Eagle (Russia)|Order of the White Eagle]] (Russia)<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* Imperial and Royal [[Order of the White Eagle (Russia)|Order of the White Eagle]] (Russia)<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* [[Order of St. Anna]], 2nd Class with Diamonds (Russia)<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
* [[Order of St. Anna]], 2nd Class with Diamonds (Russia)<ref name=Rangliste1914/>
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[[Category:1852 births]]
[[Category:1852 births]]
[[Category:1938 deaths]]
[[Category:1938 deaths]]
⚫
[[Category:People from the Province of Westphalia]]
[[Category:Generals of Infantry (Prussia)]]
[[Category:Generals of Infantry (Prussia)]]
[[Category:Barons of Germany]]
[[Category:German Army generals of World War I]]
[[Category:German military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:House of Plettenberg]]
[[Category:German barons]]
⚫
[[Category:Military personnel from the Province of Westphalia]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1870), 2nd class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1870), 2nd class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Red Eagle]]
[[Category:Knights of the House Order of Hohenzollern]]
[[Category:Recipients of the House Order of Hohenzollern, Honor Cross]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the House Order of the Wendish Crown]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Griffon (Mecklenburg)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the House and Merit Order of Peter Frederick Louis]]
[[Category:Commanders 1st class of the Albert Order]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Falcon]]
[[Category:Commanders 1st class of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Dannebrog]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Dannebrog]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau]]
[[Category:Knights of the Order of Franz Joseph]]
[[Category:Knights of the Order of Franz Joseph]]
[[Category:Grand Officers of the Order of the Lion and the Sun]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the Star of Romania]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the Star of Romania]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the Crown (Romania)]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the Crown (Romania)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 2nd class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 2nd class]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the White Eagle (Serbia)]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Paderborn]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Black Eagle]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Red Eagle]]

Latest revision as of 07:28, 6 September 2024

Karl Freiherr von Plettenberg
Born18 December 1852
Neuhaus, Kingdom of Prussia
Died10 February 1938(1938-02-10) (aged 85)
Bückeburg, Germany
Allegiance German Empire (to 1918)
Service / branchArmy
Years of service1870–1917
RankGeneral of Infantry
Commands
Battles / warsFranco-Prussian War
World War I
AwardsPour le Mérite
RelationsKurt von Plettenberg

Karl Freiherr[a] von Plettenberg (18 December 1852, in Neuhaus – 10 February 1938, in Bückeburg) was a Prussian officer, and later General of Infantry during World War I. He was Commandant-General of the Guards Corps, Adjutant General of the German Kaiser Wilhelm II and a recipient of Pour le Mérite.[1]

Life and military career

[edit]

Karl von Plettenberg was born on 18 December 1852 in Neuhaus into the Westphalian old noble Plettenberg family from the Sauerland. He was the son of Baron Eugen von Plettenberg, an officer (Major and cavalry squadron commander) and his wife, Minette von der Borch (1827–1885).

World War I

[edit]

Karl von Plettenberg was in command of the Guards Corps at the outset of World War I, assigned to the 2nd Army as part of the right wing of the forces that invaded France and Belgium as part of the Schlieffen Plan offensive in August 1914. He led the Guards Corps at the First Battle of the Marne and the First Battle of Ypres.

He was decorated with the Pour le Mérite on 14 May 1915,[2] and on 27 January 1916 awarded à la suite of the 1st Foot Guards Regiment. After criticism of the war by Erich Ludendorff and Paul von Hindenburg during the "battles of material" on the Western Front, Plettenberg was forced into retirement on 24 January 1917.[1]

Later life

[edit]

After his retirement, he returned to Bückeburg where he died on 10 February 1938. Plettenbergstraße, a street in the town, is named after him.[1]

Family

[edit]

His oldest son, Karl-Wilhelm, was a lieutenant in the 1st Foot Guards Regiment of the Guards Corps at the outbreak of the war. He died on 30 August 1914 during the Battle of St Quentin.[1]

His second son, Kurt von Plettenberg (1891–1945), was plenipotentiary of the House of Hohenzollern (the royal house of Prussia) and one of the inner circle of the July 20th plot against Hitler. He committed suicide on 10 March 1945 by jumping from a window during interrogation by the Gestapo.

Awards

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Regarding personal names: Freiherr is a former title (translated as 'Baron'). In Germany since 1919, it forms part of family names. The feminine forms are Freifrau and Freiin.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "Karl Freiherr von Plettenberg". The Prussian Machine. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
  2. ^ "Orden Pour le Mérite". Retrieved 23 January 2013.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Rangliste der Königlich Preußischen Armee und des XIII. (Königlich Württembergischen) Armeekorps für 1914, Hrsg.: Preußisches Kriegsministerium, Ernst Siegfried Mittler & Sohn, Berlin 1914, page 47
  • Karl-Friedrich Hildebrand, Christian Zweng: Die Ritter des Ordens Pour le Mérite des I. Weltkriegs, Band 3: P–Z, Biblio Verlag, Bissendorf 2011, ISBN 3-7648-2586-3, S. 451-453
  • Hanns Möller: Geschichte der Ritter des Ordens pour le mérite im Weltkrieg, Band II: M–Z, Verlag Bernard & Graefe, Berlin 1935, S. 442-444
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Karl von Plettenberg.
Military offices
Preceded by Commander, IX Corps
12 April 1910 - 1 March 1913 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Commander, Guards Corps
1 March 1913 - 6 February 1917 		Succeeded by
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