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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{about|the administrative division|the city|Lima|the metropolitan area in the U.S. State of Ohio|Lima, Ohio, metropolitan area}}
{{about|the area in Peru|the area in the U.S.|Lima metropolitan area, Ohio}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name = Lima metropolitan area
| name = Lima Metropolitan Area
| native_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| native_name_lang =
| image_skyline = ISS034-E-49361.JPG
| image_skyline = Mapa Lima Metropolitana Distritos.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_caption =
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| subdivision_type3 = [[Provinces of Peru|Province]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Provinces of Peru|Province]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Lima Province|Lima]] and [[Callao Province|Callao]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Lima Province|Lima]] and [[Callao Province|Callao]]
| subdivision_type4 = Largest city
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 = [[Lima]]
| subdivision_name4 =
| subdivision_type5 =
| subdivision_type5 =
| subdivision_name5 =
| subdivision_name5 =
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| established_date =
| established_date =
| founder =
| founder =
| seat_type =
| seat_type = [[Core city]]
| seat =
| seat = [[Lima]]
| government_footnotes =
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| leader_party =
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| area_water_percent =
| area_water_percent =
| area_note =
| area_note =
| population_footnotes =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 9904727<ref>https://www.citypopulation.de/php/peru-limametro.php</ref>
| population_total = 11804609
<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.minsa.gob.pe/reunis/data/poblacion_estimada.asp | title=.: REUNIS :. Repositorio Único Nacional de Información en Salud - Ministerio de Salud }}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2015 Census
| population_as_of = estimated 2022
| population_density_sq_mi=
| population_density_sq_mi=
| population_demonym =
| population_demonym =
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}}
}}


The '''Lima Metropolitan Area''' ({{langx|es|link=no|Área Metropolitana de Lima}}, also known as ''Lima Metropolitana'') is an area formed by the [[conurbation]] of the Peruvian provinces of [[Lima]] (the nation's capital) and [[Callao]].<ref name="definition">Lima Metropolitana is formed by the Province of Lima and the Constitutional Province of Callao in accordance with D.S. N°011-72-PM as of April 25, 1972</ref> It is the largest of the [[List of metropolitan areas of Peru|metropolitan areas of Peru]], the seventh [[Largest metropolitan areas in the Americas|largest in the Americas]], the fourth largest in Latin America, and among the thirty [[List of metropolitan areas by population|largest in the world]]. The conurbation process started to be evident in the 1980s.
[[Image:Map of LimaCallao Metro Area.PNG|right|thumb|A map of the metropolitan area including distinguishing Lima and Callao]]


The '''Lima metropolitan area''' ({{lang-es|Área Metropolitana de Lima}}, also known as ''Lima Metropolitana''), is an area formed by the [[conurbation]] of the [[Peru]]vian cities of [[Lima]] (the nation's capital) and [[Callao]].<ref name="definition">Lima Metropolitana is formed by the Province of Lima and the Constitutional Province of Callao in accordance with D.S. N°011-72-PM as of 25 April 1972</ref> It is the largest of the [[List of metropolitan areas of Peru|metropolitan areas of Peru]], the seventh [[Largest metropolitan areas in the Americas|largest in the Americas]], the fourth largest in Latin America, and among the thirty [[List of metropolitan areas by population|largest in the world]]. The conurbation process started to be evident in the 1980s. The metropolitan area is composed of six subregions. These are the [[Cono Norte (Lima)|Lima Norte]], [[Cono Sur (Lima)|Lima Sur]], [[Cono Este|Lima Este]], [[Residential]] [[Lima]], [[Central Lima]], and [[Callao]]. Its estimated 2015 population is 9,752,000 according to [[INEI]] statistics.
The metropolitan area is composed of five subregions. These are [[Cono Norte (Lima)|Lima Norte]], [[Cono Sur (Lima)|Lima Sur]], [[Cono Este (Lima)|Lima Este]], [[Central Lima]], and [[Callao]]. Its estimated 2020 population is over 11 million according to the [[INEI]].


== History ==
== History ==
The city of [[Lima]] was founded by Spanish colonists on January 18, 1535. The port of [[Callao]] was founded similarly two years later (1537). The city of [[Lima]] began when [[Francisco Pizarro]] declared it at what is known in [[Christianity]] as the [[Epiphany (holiday)|Epiphany]]. He declared it at the center of the city, the [[Plaza Mayor, Lima|Plaza Mayor]]. It would become the most important city in [[South America]].
[[Lima|The City of the Kings (Lima)]] was founded by [[Spanish Empire|Spanish colonists]] on January 18, 1535. The port of [[Callao]] was founded similarly two years later (1537). The city of [[Lima]] began when [[Francisco Pizarro]] declared it at what is known in Christianity as the [[Epiphany (holiday)|Epiphany]]. He declared it at the center of the city, the [[Plaza Mayor, Lima|Plaza Mayor]]. It would become the most important city in South America.


The city of [[Callao]] has also been highly important, as for hundreds of years it was the only port in all of the [[Viceroyalty of Peru]] (all of [[Spanish America|Spanish South America]] at the time) allowed to ship anything to the rest of the world. For hundreds of years, Lima and Callao were separated by a desert. This did not diminish the importance of the union between the two cities. It was not until the 19th century that they were connected by a [[railroad]]. The metropolitan linkage between these two cities did not start until they both grew enough to, in essence, crash into each other.
The city of [[Callao]] has also been highly important, as for hundreds of years it was the only port in all of the [[Viceroyalty of Peru]] (all of [[Spanish America|Spanish South America]] at the time) allowed to ship anything to the rest of the world. For hundreds of years, Lima and Callao were separated by a desert. This did not diminish the importance of the union between the two cities. It was not until the 19th century, that they were connected by a railroad. The metropolitan linkage between these two cities did not start until they both grew enough to, in essence, crash into each other.


== Present day ==
== Present day ==
In the present day, Lima is the most important metropolis in Peru and is the largest in the [[Andes|Andean region]]. The area's financial district is [[San Isidro District, Lima|San Isidro]]. It is home to a large concentration of business centers, skyscrapers, and commerce. [[Miraflores District, Lima|Miraflores]] and [[Barranco District|Barranco]] are two districts where the city's nightlife is mainly based in. Parts of the metropolis can be lively; music at night is common in some areas. Today different areas of the city have differing aspects and showcase variations in culture caused by varying times of settlement, differences in socio-economic level and immigration from other parts of Peru. The [[Lima District|downtown area]], unlike many downtowns in other major cities, is largely a historic district, and is home to many cathedrals and churches built during the Spanish colonial period.
In the present day, [[Lima]] is the most important metropolis in [[Peru]] and in the [[Andes|Andean region]]. The area's financial district is [[San Isidro District, Lima|San Isidro]]. It is home to a large concentration of business centers, skyscrapers, and commerce. [[Miraflores District, Lima|Miraflores]] and [[Barranco District|Barranco]] are two districts where the city's nightlife is mainly based in. Parts of the metropolis can be lively; music at night is common in some areas. Today different areas of the city have differing aspects and showcase variations in culture caused by varying times of settlement, differences in socio-economic level and immigration from other parts of Peru. The [[Lima District|downtown area]], unlike many downtowns in other major cities, is largely a historic district, and is home to many cathedrals and churches built during the Spanish colonial period.


In the latter half of the 20th century, the city has grown rapidly by migration from other [[regions of Peru]]. Many of these migrants began to form new communities called ''[[pueblos jovenes]]'' and ''asentamientos humanos'', literally ''young towns'' and ''human settlements''. These towns are similar to the ''[[favelas]]'' of [[Brazil]] but considerably smaller. Many of them have no running water or electricity and the city has been unable to provide the infrastructure to all the new residents. Many of the communities, such as [[Comas District, Lima|Comas]], and [[Villa El Salvador]] have evolved into modern [[districts of Lima|districts]], where residents have found the better life they were searching for.
In the latter half of the 20th century, the city has grown rapidly by migration from other [[regions of Peru]]. Many of these migrants began to form new communities called ''[[pueblos jovenes]]'' and ''asentamientos humanos'', literally ''young towns'' and ''human settlements''. These towns are similar to the ''[[favelas]]'' of Brazil, but considerably smaller. Many of them, have no running water or electricity and the city has been unable to provide the infrastructure to all the new residents. Many of the communities, such as [[Comas District, Lima|Comas]], and [[Villa El Salvador]] have evolved into modern [[districts of Lima|districts]], where residents have found the better life they were searching for.


== Geography ==
== Geography ==
The [[conurbation]] has an area of 2,819.26&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. It is concentrated mainly in the coastal area and runs north-south along the [[Pacific]] coast for almost 200&nbsp;km, beginning in the district of [[Ancón District|Ancón]], on the border with the [[Huaral Province]] of the [[Lima region]], and ending in the district of [[Pucusana District|Pucusana]], on the border with the [[Cañete Province]], also in the Lima region. The [[Rímac River|Rímac]], [[Chillón River|Chillón]] and [[Lurín River|Lurín]] rivers pass through the area. It is made up of in total 49 [[districts of Lima|districts]] - 43 districts in [[Lima Province]] and 7 in [[Callao#Administrative divisions|Callao]]. Most of the area is located in the desert whereas the eastern portion is located in the foothills of the [[Andes]]. It is the world's second largest desert city after [[Cairo]], [[Egypt]]. The Lima metropolitan area is informally divided into six general areas. They are the Cono Norte (''Northern cone''), Cono Sur (''Southern cone''), Eastern Lima, the upscale commercial districts, the Port of Callao, and Lima's historical district.
The [[conurbation]] has an area of 2,819.26&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. It is concentrated mainly in the coastal area and runs north–south along the Pacific coast for almost 200&nbsp;km, beginning in the district of [[Ancón District|Ancón]], on the border with the [[Huaral Province]] of the [[Lima region]], and ending in the district of [[Pucusana District|Pucusana]], on the border with the [[Cañete Province]], also in the Lima region. The [[Rímac River|Rímac]], [[Chillón River|Chillón]] and [[Lurín River|Lurín]] rivers pass through the area. It is made up of in total 50 [[districts of Lima|districts]] (43 of [[Lima Province]] and 7 of [[Constitutional Province of Callao]]). Most of the area is located in the desert whereas the eastern portion is located in the foothills of the [[Andes]]. It is the world's second largest desert city after [[Cairo]], Egypt. The Lima metropolitan area is informally divided into five areas, '''Northern Lima, Southern Lima, Eastern Lima, Centro Lima and Callao'''.


== Transportation ==
== Transportation ==
{{main|Public transport in Lima}}
{{main|Public transport in Lima}}
Today Lima and Callao have conurbanized to the point that only signs mark the borders. Hundreds of streets and highways link the two cities.
Today, Lima and Callao have conurbanized to the point that only signs mark the borders. Hundreds of streets and highways link the two cities.


* '''[[Taxicabs]]''' vary in quality of service and price. Most can be simply stopped at any street, private taxi companies can be called to pick up passengers at a certain address. To improve the quality of taxis running in Lima, a new law was passed to prohibit importing used cars; thanks to this law, the city of Lima has ensured that taxis and other motorists drive increasingly new vehicles, thereby reducing smog.
* '''[[Taxicabs]]''' vary in quality of service and price. Most can be simply stopped at any street, private taxi companies can be called to pick up passengers at a certain address. To improve the quality of taxis running in Lima, a new law was passed to prohibit importing used cars; thanks to this law, the city of Lima has ensured that taxis and other motorists drive increasingly new vehicles, thereby reducing smog.
* '''[[Bus]]'''
*'''Bus'''
Numerous inter-urban bus companies offer transportation to other cities in Peru. Quality varies depending on the price, from luxury express buses to ill-maintained and crowded micros.
Numerous inter-urban bus companies offer transportation to other cities in Peru. Quality varies depending on the price, from luxury express buses to ill-maintained and crowded micros.


* '''[[Mass-transit]]''' systems:
* '''[[Mass-transit]]''' systems:


⚫
'''''[[El Metropolitano]]''':'' The newly completed bus system called Metropolitano is an above-ground [[mass-transit]] system which traverses the [[Cono Norte|north area]], [[Rímac District|the north-central area]], [[Lima District|the downtown]], other residential districts, [[San Isidro District, Lima|the financial district]], [[Miraflores District, Lima|the south central area]], and the [[Cono Sur (Lima)|Cono Sur]]. The system starts in [[Chorrillos District|Chorrillos]] (southern Lima) and finishes in the limit of [[Independencia District, Lima|Independencia]] and [[Comas District, Lima|Comas]] (northern Lima). Plans for additional lines were abandoned in favor of adding complementary lines to the existing route.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://img36.imageshack.us/img36/9056/imagen1xo.jpg|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314115555/http://img36.imageshack.us/img36/9056/imagen1xo.jpg|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 14, 2014|title=Se implementarán en simultáneo|publisher=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]|work=[[Metropolitan Municipality of Lima]]|year=2012|access-date=March 14, 2014}}</ref>
''[[El Metropolitano]]''
⚫
The newly completed bus system called Metropolitano is an above-ground [[mass-transit]] system which traverses the downtown area, the financial district, other residential districts, and the upper reaches of the Cono Sur. The system starts in [[Chorrillos District|Chorrillos]] (southern Lima) and finishes in [[Comas District, Lima|Comas]] (northern Lima). Plans for additional lines were abandoned in favor of adding complimentary lines to the existing route.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://img36.imageshack.us/img36/9056/imagen1xo.jpg|title=Se implementarán en simultáneo|publisher=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]|work=[[Metropolitan Municipality of Lima]]|year=2012|accessdate=14 March 2014}}</ref>


⚫
'''''[[Lima Metro]]''':'' In 2010, the government of [[Alan García]] renewed the project of [[Lima Metro]], starting with the construction of Line 1. It calls for the construction and implementation of 11.7 kilometres (7.3&nbsp;mi) (with a total of 22.5 kilometres (14.0&nbsp;mi)) of viaduct elevated of double ramp from the Atocongo Bridge to [[Lima District|downtown Lima]]. The [[Lima Metro|Lima Metro Line 1]] is being built by a consortium made up by two engineering and construction companies. It is estimated that construction will be complete by December 2010, with remaining work the electrification of the line. Siemens Engineering has responsibility for that portion. The first part of Line 1 must be completed in June 2011 and starts daily operations in July 2011.
''[[Lima Metro]]''
⚫
In 2010 the government of [[Alan García]] renewed the project of [[Lima Metro]], starting with the construction of Line 1. It calls for the construction and implementation of 11.7 kilometres (7.3&nbsp;mi) (with a total of 22.5 kilometres (14.0&nbsp;mi)) of viaduct elevated of double ramp from the Atocongo Bridge to downtown Lima. The Lima Metro Line 1 is being built by a consortium made up by two engineering and construction companies. It is estimated that construction will be complete by December 2010, with remaining work the electrification of the line. Siemens Engineering has responsibility for that portion. The first part of Line 1 must be completed in June 2011 and starts daily operations in July 2011.


[[Image:Conosmap.png|thumb|Map showing six subregions of the Lima metropolitan area]]
[[Image:Conosmap.png|thumb|Map showing six subregions of the Lima metropolitan area]]


* '''[[Air transport]]'''
* '''[[Air transport]]'''
Lima's main passenger gateway for national and international air travelers is [[Jorge Chávez International Airport]] located in [[Callao]].
Lima's main passenger gateway for national and international air travelers is [[Jorge Chávez International Airport]] located in [[Callao]] (11&nbsp;km. [[Constitutional Province of Callao|northwest from the center]]).


===Population distribution===
===Population distribution===
% of the metro area's total population, sorted by district areas:
% of the metro area's total population, sorted by district areas:
* '''[[Cono Norte (Lima)|Lima Norte]]''' ([[Ancón District|Ancón]], [[Carabayllo District|Carabayllo]], [[Comas District, Lima|Comas]], [[Independencia District, Lima|Independencia]], [[Los Olivos District|Los Olivos]], [[Puente Piedra District|Puente Piedra]], [[San Martín de Porres District|San Martin de Porres]], [[Santa Rosa District (Lima)|Santa Rosa]]): 25%
* '''[[Cono Norte (Lima)|Lima Norte]]''' ([[Ancón District|Ancón]], [[Carabayllo District|Carabayllo]], [[Comas District, Lima|Comas]], [[Independencia District, Lima|Independencia]], [[Los Olivos District|Los Olivos]], [[Puente Piedra District|Puente Piedra]], [[Rímac District|Rimac]], [[San Martín de Porres District|San Martin de Porres]], [[Santa Rosa District (Lima)|Santa Rosa]]): 26%
* '''[[Cono Este|Lima Este]]''' ([[Ate District|Ate]], [[Cieneguilla]], [[Chaclacayo]], [[El Agustino]], [[Lurigancho]], [[San Juan de Lurigancho]], [[San Luis District, Lima|San Luis]], [[Santa Anita District|Santa Anita]]): 12%
* '''[[Cono Este|Lima Este]]''' ([[Ate District|Ate]], [[Cieneguilla]], [[Chaclacayo]], [[El Agustino]], [[La Molina District|La Molina]], [[Lurigancho-Chosica]] [[San Juan de Lurigancho]], [[San Luis District, Lima|San Luis]], [[Santa Anita District|Santa Anita]]): 12%
* '''[[Cono Sur (Lima)|Lima Sur]]''' ([[Chorrillos District|Chorrillos]], [[Lurín District|Lurín]], [[Pachacamac District|Pachacamac]], [[Pucusana District|Pucusana]], [[Punta Hermosa]], [[Punta Negra District|Punta Negra]], [[San Bartolo District|San Bartolo]], [[San Juan de Miraflores]], [[Santa María del Mar (Peru)|Santa María del Mar]], [[Villa el Salvador]], [[Villa María del Triunfo]]): 20%
* '''[[Cono Sur (Lima)|Lima Sur]]''' ([[Barranco District|Barranco]], [[Chorrillos District|Chorrillos]], [[Lurín District|Lurín]], [[Pachacámac District|Pachacámac]], [[Pucusana District|Pucusana]], [[Punta Hermosa]], [[Punta Negra District|Punta Negra]], [[San Bartolo District|San Bartolo]], [[San Juan de Miraflores]], [[Santa María del Mar (Peru)|Santa María del Mar]], [[Villa el Salvador]], [[Villa María del Triunfo]]): 20%
* '''[[Residential area|Residential Lima]]''' ([[Barranco District|Barranco]], [[Jesús María District, Lima|Jesús María]], [[La Molina District|La Molina]], [[Lince District|Lince]], [[Magdalena del Mar|Magdalena]], [[Miraflores District, Lima|Miraflores]], [[Pueblo Libre]], [[San Borja District|San Borja]], [[San Isidro District, Lima|San Isidro]], [[San Miguel District, Lima|San Miguel]], [[Santiago de Surco District|Santiago de Surco]], [[Surquillo]]): 20%
*'''Central Lima''' ([[Breña]], [[La Victoria District, Lima|La Victoria]], [[Lima District|Lima]], [[Lince District|Lince]], [[Pueblo Libre]], [[San Miguel District, Lima|San Miguel]]): 11%
* '''Residential Lima''' ([[Jesús María District, Lima|Jesús María]], [[Magdalena del Mar District|Magdalena del Mar]], [[Miraflores District, Lima|Miraflores]], [[San Borja District|San Borja]], [[San Isidro District, Lima|San Isidro]], [[Santiago de Surco]], [[Surquillo]]): 19%
* '''[[Callao]]''' ([[Bellavista District|Bellavista]], [[Callao District]], [[Carmen de la Legua Reynoso]], [[La Perla District|La Perla]], [[La Punta District|La Punta]], [[Ventanilla District]]): 12%
* '''[[Callao]]''' ([[Bellavista District|Bellavista]], [[Callao District]], [[Carmen de la Legua Reynoso]], [[La Perla District|La Perla]], [[La Punta District|La Punta]], [[Ventanilla District]]): 12%
* '''[[Central Lima]]''' ([[Breña]], [[La Victoria District, Lima|La Victoria]], [[Lima District|Downtown Lima]], [[Rímac District|Rimac]]): 11%


=== Growth of the metropolitan area ===
=== Growth of the metropolitan area ===
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{| style=background:#eeeeee align=center
{| style=background:#eeeeee align=center
! Population of the Lima metropolitan area (1940–2015)
! Population of the Lima metropolitan area (1940–2017)
|- align="center"
|- align="center"
|
|
Line 131: Line 131:
PlotArea = left:60 bottom:30 top:30 right:30
PlotArea = left:60 bottom:30 top:30 right:30
DateFormat = x.y
DateFormat = x.y
Period = from:0 till:10000000
Period = from:0 till:12000000
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
AlignBars = justify
Line 146: Line 146:
bar:1993 text:1993
bar:1993 text:1993
bar:2007 text:2007
bar:2007 text:2007
bar:2015 text:2015
bar:2017 text:2017


PlotData=
PlotData=
Line 157: Line 157:
bar:1993 from:0 till: 6321173
bar:1993 from:0 till: 6321173
bar:2007 from:0 till: 8472935
bar:2007 from:0 till: 8472935
bar:2015 from:0 till: 9886647
bar:2017 from:0 till: 10479899


PlotData=
PlotData=
Line 167: Line 167:
bar:1993 at: 6321173 fontsize:s text: 6,321,173 shift:(-19,5)
bar:1993 at: 6321173 fontsize:s text: 6,321,173 shift:(-19,5)
bar:2007 at: 8472935 fontsize:s text: 8,472,935 shift:(-19,12)
bar:2007 at: 8472935 fontsize:s text: 8,472,935 shift:(-19,12)
bar:2015 at: 9886647 fontsize:s text: 9,886,647 shift:(-19,5)
bar:2017 at: 10479899 fontsize:s text: 10,479,899 shift:(-19,5)


</timeline>
</timeline>
|-
|-
| <small>Sources:<br/>Population 1940,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://es.scribd.com/doc/191931643/La-Ciudad-y-La-Tuberculosis-Lima-Metropolitana|title=Las ciudad y la tuberculosis (page 9)|accessdate= |author= Oswaldo Jave|language=}}</ref> 1961, 1972, 1981,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://es.scribd.com/doc/191937041/Cambios-Demograficos-Oportunidad-Asociacion-Peruana-de-Demografia-y-Poblacion-APDP|title=Cambios Demograficos Oportunidad - Asociación Peruana de Demografía y Población (APDP)|accessdate= |author= |language=}}</ref> 1993, 2007<ref>{{cite web |url=http://es.scribd.com/doc/179229773/Peru-30-Ciudades-Mas-Pobladas-Censo-2007|title=Censos Nacionales 2007:XI de población y VI de vivienda - Perfil Sociodemografico del Perú |author= INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ESTADISTICA E INFORMATICA|language=Spanish}}</ref> 2015<ref name=estimatedpop>{{cite web |url=http://es.scribd.com/doc/189489690/Peru-Estimaciones-y-Proyecciones-de-Poblacion-Total-por-Sexo-de-las-Principales-Ciudades-2000-2015|title=PERÚ: ESTIMACIONES Y PROYECCIONES DE POBLACIÓN TOTAL POR SEXO DE LAS PRINCIPALES CIUDADES|publisher=Scribd|work=Instituto Nacional de Estadistica e Informatica (INEI)|page=32|language=Spanish|date=March 2012|accessdate=14 March 2014}}</ref></small>
| <small>Sources:<br/>Population 1940,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://es.scribd.com/doc/191931643/La-Ciudad-y-La-Tuberculosis-Lima-Metropolitana |via=Scribd |url-access=subscription |title=Las ciudad y la tuberculosis (page 9)|author= Oswaldo Jave}}</ref> 1961, 1972, 1981,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://es.scribd.com/doc/191937041/Cambios-Demograficos-Oportunidad-Asociacion-Peruana-de-Demografia-y-Poblacion-APDP |via=Scribd |title=Cambios Demograficos Oportunidad – Asociación Peruana de Demografía y Población (APDP)}}</ref> 1993, 2007<ref>{{cite web |url=http://es.scribd.com/doc/179229773/Peru-30-Ciudades-Mas-Pobladas-Censo-2007|title=Censos Nacionales 2007:XI de población y VI de vivienda – Perfil Sociodemografico del Perú |author= Instituto Nacional De Estadistica E Informatica |via=Scribd |url-access=subscription |language=es}}</ref> 2017<ref name="census2017">{{cite journal|url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1539/libro.pdf |title=Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico |page = 214 |website= [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática]] |date=August 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710002112/https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1539/libro.pdf |archive-date= Jul 10, 2023 }}</ref></small>
|-
|-
|}
|}


=== Future as a megacity===
=== Future as a megacity ===
The Lima metropolitan area is expected to become a [[megacity]] (a [[metropolitan area]] of more than ten million people) in the next few years. It will be the first in the [[Andean States]], the fourth in [[South America]] and the seventh in the [[Americas]].
The Lima metropolitan area has become an unofficial [[megacity]] (a [[metropolitan area]] of more than ten million people) as of 2017. It was the first in the Andean States, the fourth in South America, the fifth in Latin America and the seventh in the Americas.

According to the [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network]], Lima is currently a Beta + city, one subcategory away from being in the"Alpha" category.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2018t.html|title=The World According to GaWC 2018|date=November 14, 2018|publisher=[[Globalization and World Cities Research Network]]|access-date=November 14, 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181114100600/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2018t.html |archive-date= November 14, 2018 }}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
Line 190: Line 192:


{{Districts of Lima and Callao}}
{{Districts of Lima and Callao}}
{{World's most populous urban areas}}

{{coord|12.0583|S|77.0911|W|source:wikidata|display=title}}
{{coord|12.0583|S|77.0911|W|source:wikidata|display=title}}


Latest revision as of 09:37, 25 October 2024

This article is about the area in Peru. For the area in the U.S., see Lima metropolitan area, Ohio.
Lima Metropolitan Area
Map
Country Peru
RegionLima
ProvinceLima and Callao
Core cityLima
Population
 (estimated 2022)
 • Total
11,804,609 [1]
Time zoneUTC-5 (PET)

The Lima Metropolitan Area (Spanish: Área Metropolitana de Lima, also known as Lima Metropolitana) is an area formed by the conurbation of the Peruvian provinces of Lima (the nation's capital) and Callao.[2] It is the largest of the metropolitan areas of Peru, the seventh largest in the Americas, the fourth largest in Latin America, and among the thirty largest in the world. The conurbation process started to be evident in the 1980s.

The metropolitan area is composed of five subregions. These are Lima Norte, Lima Sur, Lima Este, Central Lima, and Callao. Its estimated 2020 population is over 11 million according to the INEI.

History

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The City of the Kings (Lima) was founded by Spanish colonists on January 18, 1535. The port of Callao was founded similarly two years later (1537). The city of Lima began when Francisco Pizarro declared it at what is known in Christianity as the Epiphany. He declared it at the center of the city, the Plaza Mayor. It would become the most important city in South America.

The city of Callao has also been highly important, as for hundreds of years it was the only port in all of the Viceroyalty of Peru (all of Spanish South America at the time) allowed to ship anything to the rest of the world. For hundreds of years, Lima and Callao were separated by a desert. This did not diminish the importance of the union between the two cities. It was not until the 19th century, that they were connected by a railroad. The metropolitan linkage between these two cities did not start until they both grew enough to, in essence, crash into each other.

Present day

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In the present day, Lima is the most important metropolis in Peru and in the Andean region. The area's financial district is San Isidro. It is home to a large concentration of business centers, skyscrapers, and commerce. Miraflores and Barranco are two districts where the city's nightlife is mainly based in. Parts of the metropolis can be lively; music at night is common in some areas. Today different areas of the city have differing aspects and showcase variations in culture caused by varying times of settlement, differences in socio-economic level and immigration from other parts of Peru. The downtown area, unlike many downtowns in other major cities, is largely a historic district, and is home to many cathedrals and churches built during the Spanish colonial period.

In the latter half of the 20th century, the city has grown rapidly by migration from other regions of Peru. Many of these migrants began to form new communities called pueblos jovenes and asentamientos humanos, literally young towns and human settlements. These towns are similar to the favelas of Brazil, but considerably smaller. Many of them, have no running water or electricity and the city has been unable to provide the infrastructure to all the new residents. Many of the communities, such as Comas, and Villa El Salvador have evolved into modern districts, where residents have found the better life they were searching for.

Geography

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The conurbation has an area of 2,819.26 km2. It is concentrated mainly in the coastal area and runs north–south along the Pacific coast for almost 200 km, beginning in the district of Ancón, on the border with the Huaral Province of the Lima region, and ending in the district of Pucusana, on the border with the Cañete Province, also in the Lima region. The Rímac, Chillón and Lurín rivers pass through the area. It is made up of in total 50 districts (43 of Lima Province and 7 of Constitutional Province of Callao). Most of the area is located in the desert whereas the eastern portion is located in the foothills of the Andes. It is the world's second largest desert city after Cairo, Egypt. The Lima metropolitan area is informally divided into five areas, Northern Lima, Southern Lima, Eastern Lima, Centro Lima and Callao.

Transportation

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Main article: Public transport in Lima

Today, Lima and Callao have conurbanized to the point that only signs mark the borders. Hundreds of streets and highways link the two cities.

  • Taxicabs vary in quality of service and price. Most can be simply stopped at any street, private taxi companies can be called to pick up passengers at a certain address. To improve the quality of taxis running in Lima, a new law was passed to prohibit importing used cars; thanks to this law, the city of Lima has ensured that taxis and other motorists drive increasingly new vehicles, thereby reducing smog.
  • Bus

Numerous inter-urban bus companies offer transportation to other cities in Peru. Quality varies depending on the price, from luxury express buses to ill-maintained and crowded micros.

El Metropolitano: The newly completed bus system called Metropolitano is an above-ground mass-transit system which traverses the north area, the north-central area, the downtown, other residential districts, the financial district, the south central area, and the Cono Sur. The system starts in Chorrillos (southern Lima) and finishes in the limit of Independencia and Comas (northern Lima). Plans for additional lines were abandoned in favor of adding complementary lines to the existing route.[3]

Lima Metro: In 2010, the government of Alan García renewed the project of Lima Metro, starting with the construction of Line 1. It calls for the construction and implementation of 11.7 kilometres (7.3 mi) (with a total of 22.5 kilometres (14.0 mi)) of viaduct elevated of double ramp from the Atocongo Bridge to downtown Lima. The Lima Metro Line 1 is being built by a consortium made up by two engineering and construction companies. It is estimated that construction will be complete by December 2010, with remaining work the electrification of the line. Siemens Engineering has responsibility for that portion. The first part of Line 1 must be completed in June 2011 and starts daily operations in July 2011.

Map showing six subregions of the Lima metropolitan area

Lima's main passenger gateway for national and international air travelers is Jorge Chávez International Airport located in Callao (11 km. northwest from the center).

Population distribution

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% of the metro area's total population, sorted by district areas:

Growth of the metropolitan area

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The following maps show how the Lima/Callao metropolitan area has grown over the years. The first map shows the population in 1535, which is the year Lima was founded, and the last map shows the population in 2006.

Population of the Lima metropolitan area (1940–2017)
Sources:
Population 1940,[4] 1961, 1972, 1981,[5] 1993, 2007[6] 2017[7]

Future as a megacity

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The Lima metropolitan area has become an unofficial megacity (a metropolitan area of more than ten million people) as of 2017. It was the first in the Andean States, the fourth in South America, the fifth in Latin America and the seventh in the Americas.

According to the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, Lima is currently a Beta + city, one subcategory away from being in the"Alpha" category.[8]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ ".: REUNIS :. Repositorio Único Nacional de Información en Salud - Ministerio de Salud".
  2. ^ Lima Metropolitana is formed by the Province of Lima and the Constitutional Province of Callao in accordance with D.S. N°011-72-PM as of April 25, 1972
  3. ^ "Se implementarán en simultáneo". Metropolitan Municipality of Lima. El Comercio. 2012. Archived from the original on March 14, 2014. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
  4. ^ Oswaldo Jave. "Las ciudad y la tuberculosis (page 9)" – via Scribd.
  5. ^ "Cambios Demograficos Oportunidad – Asociación Peruana de Demografía y Población (APDP)" – via Scribd.
  6. ^ Instituto Nacional De Estadistica E Informatica. "Censos Nacionales 2007:XI de población y VI de vivienda – Perfil Sociodemografico del Perú" (in Spanish) – via Scribd.
  7. ^ "Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico" (PDF). Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática: 214. August 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 10, 2023.
  8. ^ "The World According to GaWC 2018". Globalization and World Cities Research Network. November 14, 2018. Archived from the original on November 14, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

12°03′30″S 77°05′28″W / 12.0583°S 77.0911°W / -12.0583; -77.0911

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