Pavlo Polubotok: Difference between revisions

Pavlo Polubotok
Pavlo Polubotok
Павло Полуботок
Acting Hetman of Left-bank Ukraine
	In office; 1722–1724
Preceded by	Ivan Skoropadsky
Succeeded by	Danylo Apostol
Personal details
Born	1660; Borzna/Shramkivka, Cossack Hetmanate
Died	29 December 1724 (aged 63–64); Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
Nationality	Ukrainian
Spouse	Hanna Lazarevych
Military service
Years of service	1706–1724
Rank	Colonel
Commands	Chernihiv regiment
Battles/wars	Great Northern War

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Pavlo Polubotok (Ukrainian: Павло Леонтійович Полуботок, Russian: Павел Леонтьевич Полуботок, Polish: Paweł Połubotok; born around 1660, died on 29 December 1724), was a Ukrainian Cossack political and military leader and Acting Hetman of Left-bank Ukraine between 1722 and 1724.

Biography

Pavlo Polubotok was born around 1660 in Borzna (according to another version, at his family's khutor-farm Polubotivka, today part of Shramkivka) into a rich Cossack family and as a young man served under his relative Hetman Ivan Samoylovych.

In 1706 he became polkovnyk (colonel) of Chernigov Regiment and during the Great Northern War remained loyal to the Imperial Russians and fought against Ivan Mazepa. Pavel Polubotok was seen by many as a possible replacement for the disgraced Hetman, but the Russian Tsar Peter the Great distrusted Polubotok and supported Ivan Skoropadsky, who became the next Hetman. Nonetheless, Polubotok's loyalty was rewarded when wealthy estates throughout Ukraine were given to him.

In 1722, after the death of Skoropadsky, Pavlo Polubotok was named as his temporary replacement. As Hetman, Polubotok supported greater autonomy for Cossack Hetmante within the Russian Empire and defended the old privileges of the Cossack nobility. He wrote numerous petitions to Peter the Great asking him to re-instate the former way of electing the Hetman by the starshyna. In 1723 Alexander Rumyantsev was sent to Ukraine to investigate Polubotok. Within several months Polubotok was arrested, implicated in secret dealing with Pylyp Orlyk and accused of "treason." The Hetman was incarcerated in the Petropavlovsk fortress and died there less than a year later on 29 December 1724.

Legacy

Historians are divided on Polubotok's legacy. Soviet historians saw him as a "greedy man who concentrated on overt class interests." Most modern Ukrainians consider him a martyr and a hero of the Ukrainian struggle for independence.

Ukrainian hryvnia coin depicting Pavlo Polubotok

Polubotok was written about in the poem "Son" ("A Dream", 1844) by Taras Shevchenko.

The Gold of Polubotok

The Gold of Polubotok is the legend of a large amount of gold which Hetman Polubotok supposedly deposited into an English bank in 1723, and which would have been returned upon the independence of Ukraine with an astronomical amount of interest. According to the story, being the head of state, Pavlo Polubotok had access to the state treasury. However, when he lost control and was forced to leave the country, he had put money from the treasury into the bank. In his will, Polubotok allegedly bequeathed eighty percent of the gold to a future independent Ukraine, and the rest to his successors. Even for today, a lot of Ukrainians know this story as an intriguing moment in Ukraine–United Kingdom relations.^[1]

The story first became widely known in 1907, when it was published in the Russian journal New Time by Professor Alexander Rubets.

References

^ Serhy Yekelchyk (25 May 2014). "Cossack Gold: History, Myth, and the Dream of Prosperity in the Age of Post-Soviet Transition". Canadian Slavonic Papers. 40 (3/4): 311–325. JSTOR 40869994.

External links

Pavlo Polubotok - Kyiv-Mohyla Academy alumnus

Predecessor
Yukhym Lyzohub

Chernihiv Regiment
1706–1722

Successor
Mikhail Bogdanov

[1] Serhy Yekelchyk (25 May 2014). "Cossack Gold: History, Myth, and the Dream of Prosperity in the Age of Post-Soviet Transition". Canadian Slavonic Papers. 40 (3/4): 311–325. JSTOR 40869994.

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{More citations needed|date=July 2024}}
-{{Infobox President
+{{Short description|Ukrainian Cossack leader (c. 1660–1724)}}
+{{Infobox officeholder
 | name = Pavlo Polubotok
-| native name = Павло Полуботок
+| native_name = {{nobold|Павло Полуботок}}
-| nationality = Ukrainian
+| nationality = [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]]
 | image = Nash polubotok.jpg
 | caption =
@@ Line 14: / Line 16: @@
 | death_date = 29 December {{death year and age|1724|1660}}
 | death_place = [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Russian Empire]]
-| spouse =
+| spouse = [[Hanna Lazarevych]]
 | brothers =
 | political party =
-| religion = [[Greek Orthodox]]
 | signature =
 |allegiance    =
@@ Line 26: / Line 27: @@
 |battles       = [[Great Northern War]]
 |awards        =
-|}}
+}}
-'''Pavlo Polubotok''' ({{lang-ua|Павло Полуботок}}) (born around 1660, died on 29 December 1724), was a [[Cossack]] political and military leader and [[Acting Hetman]] of [[Left-bank Ukraine]] between 1722 and 1724.
+'''Pavlo Polubotok''' ({{langx|uk|Павло Леонтійович Полуботок}}, {{langx|ru|Павел Леонтьевич Полуботок}}, {{langx|pl|Paweł Połubotok}}; born around 1660, died on 29 December 1724), was a [[Ukrainian Cossack]] political and military leader and [[Acting Hetman]] of [[Left-bank Ukraine]] between 1722 and 1724.
 == Biography ==
 [[Image:Alex K Pavlo Polubotok.svg|thumb|154px|left|Polubotok family coat of arms.]]
-Pavlo Polubotok was born around 1660 in [[Borzna]] (according to another version, at his family's khutor-farm Polubotivka, today part of [[Shramkivka]]) into a rich Cossack family and as a young man served under his relative Hetman [[Ivan Samoylovych]].
+Pavlo Polubotok was born around 1660 in [[Borzna]] (according to another version, at his family's [[khutor]]-farm Polubotivka, today part of [[Shramkivka]]) into a rich [[Cossacks|Cossack]] family and as a young man served under his relative Hetman [[Ivan Samoylovych]].
-In 1706 he became [[polkovnyk]] (colonel) of [[Chernihiv regiment]] and during the [[Great Northern War]] remained loyal to the Russians and fought against [[Ivan Mazepa]]. Pavel Polubotok was seen by many as a possible replacement for the disgraced Hetman, but the Russian Tsar [[Peter I of Russia|Peter the Great]] distrusted Polubotok and supported [[Ivan Skoropadsky]], who became the next Hetman. Nonetheless, Polubotok's loyalty was rewarded when wealthy estates throughout Ukraine were given to him.
+In 1706 he became [[polkovnyk]] (colonel) of [[Chernigov Regiment]] and during the [[Great Northern War]] remained loyal to the Imperial Russians and fought against [[Ivan Mazepa]]. Pavel Polubotok was seen by many as a possible replacement for the disgraced Hetman, but the Russian Tsar [[Peter I of Russia|Peter the Great]] distrusted Polubotok and supported [[Ivan Skoropadsky]], who became the next Hetman. Nonetheless, Polubotok's loyalty was rewarded when wealthy estates throughout Ukraine were given to him.
-In 1722, after the death of Skoropadsky, Pavlo Polubotok was named as his temporary replacement. As Hetman, Polubotok supported greater autonomy for [[Cossack Hetmante]] within the [[Russian Empire]] and defended the old privileges of the Cossack nobility. He wrote numerous petitions to Peter the Great asking him to re-instate the former way of electing the Hetman by the [[starshyna]]. In 1723 [[Alexander Rumyantsev]] was sent to Ukraine to investigate Polubotok. Within several months Polubotok was arrested, implicated in secret dealing with [[Pylyp Orlyk]] and accused of “treason.” The Hetman was incarcerated in the [[Peter and Paul Fortress|Petropavlovsk fortress]] and died there less than a year later on 29 December 1724.
+In 1722, after the death of Skoropadsky, Pavlo Polubotok was named as his temporary replacement. As Hetman, Polubotok supported greater autonomy for [[Cossack Hetmante]] within the [[Russian Empire]] and defended the old privileges of the Cossack nobility. He wrote numerous petitions to Peter the Great asking him to re-instate the former way of electing the Hetman by the [[starshyna]]. In 1723 [[Alexander Rumyantsev (nobleman)|Alexander Rumyantsev]] was sent to Ukraine to investigate Polubotok. Within several months Polubotok was arrested, implicated in secret dealing with [[Pylyp Orlyk]] and accused of "treason." The Hetman was incarcerated in the [[Peter and Paul Fortress|Petropavlovsk fortress]] and died there less than a year later on 29 December 1724.
 ==Legacy==
-Historians are divided on Polubotok's legacy. Soviet historians saw him as a “greedy man who concentrated on overt class interests.” Most modern Ukrainians consider him as a martyr and a hero of the Ukrainian struggle for independence.
+Historians are divided on Polubotok's legacy. Soviet historians saw him as a "greedy man who concentrated on overt class interests." Most modern Ukrainians consider him a martyr and a hero of the Ukrainian struggle for independence.
 [[File:Coin of Ukraine Polubotok R.jpg|thumb|[[Ukrainian hryvnia]] coin depicting Pavlo Polubotok]]
 Polubotok was written about in the poem "Son" ("A Dream", 1844) by [[Taras Shevchenko]].
+== The Gold of Polubotok ==
+The '''[[Gold of Polubotok]]''' is the legend of a large amount of [[gold]] which [[Hetman]] Polubotok supposedly deposited into an [[United Kingdom|English]] bank in 1723, and which would have been returned upon the independence of Ukraine with an astronomical amount of interest. According to the story, being the head of state, Pavlo Polubotok had access to the state treasury. However, when he lost control and was forced to leave the country, he had put money from the treasury into the bank. In his will, Polubotok allegedly bequeathed eighty percent of the gold to a future independent Ukraine, and the rest to his successors. Even for today, a lot of Ukrainians know this story as an intriguing moment in [[Ukraine–United Kingdom relations]].<ref>{{cite journal|date=25 May 2014|author=Serhy Yekelchyk|title=Cossack Gold: History, Myth, and the Dream of Prosperity in the Age of Post-Soviet Transition
+|journal=Canadian Slavonic Papers
+|volume=  40  |issue= 3/4 |pages= 311–325
+|doi=
+|jstor=40869994}}</ref>
+The story first became widely known in 1907, when it was published in the Russian journal ''New Time'' by Professor [https://web.archive.org/web/20070311154405/http://www.debryansk.ru/~mir17/zemliak/rubec.htm Alexander Rubets].
 ==See also==
@@ Line 56: / Line 66: @@
 {| style="clear:both; background-color: white; border-style: solid; border-color:blue; border-width:2px; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border-collapse: collapse;width:100%;margin-top:3px;" cellpadding="4" cellspacing"0"
 |-
-| width="25%" | Predessor<br/>[[Yukhym Lyzohub]]
+| width="25%" | Predecessor<br/>[[Yukhym Lyzohub]]
 | width="10%" | [[File:Chernihiv polk.svg|50px]]
 | width="20%" | '''Chernihiv Regiment'''<br/>1706&ndash;1722
@@ Line 62: / Line 72: @@
 | width="25%" | Successor<br/>[[Mikhail Bogdanov (cossack)|Mikhail Bogdanov]]
 |}
 {{Hetmans of Ukraine}}
 {{Authority control}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Polubotok, Pavlo}}
-[[Category:Acting Hetmans (Ukrainian Cossacks)]]
+[[Category:1660s births]]
 [[Category:1724 deaths]]
-[[Category:National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy alumni]]
+[[Category:Acting Hetmans (Ukrainian Cossacks)]]
-[[Category:1660 births]]
+[[Category:People from Cherkasy Oblast]]
-[[Category:People from Drabiv Raion]]
 [[Category:People from the Cossack Hetmanate]]
 [[Category:Zaporozhian Cossack nobility]]
 [[Category:Colonels of the Cossack Hetmanate]]
+[[Category:Prisoners of the Peter and Paul Fortress]]

v t e Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks
Hetman of Zaporizhian Host
Registered Cossack Army	Przecław Lanckoroński Ostap Dashkevych Dmytro Vyshnevetsky Ivan Svyrhovsky Ivan Pidkova Ivan Oryshevsky Bohdan Mykoshynsky Krzysztof Kosiński Hryhoriy Loboda Severyn Nalyvaiko Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny Mykhailo Doroshenko Taras Fedorovych Ivan Sulyma Dmytro Hunia
Cossack Hetmanate	Bohdan Khmelnytsky Yuriy Khmelnytsky Ivan Vyhovsky Yuriy Khmelnytsky
Left-bank Ukraine	Ivan Bezpaly (acting hetman) Yakym Somko (acting hetman) Ivan Briukhovetsky Demian Mnohohrishny Ivan Samoylovych Ivan Mazepa Ivan Skoropadsky Pavlo Polubotok (acting hetman) Danylo Apostol Yakiv Lyzohub (acting hetman) Kyrylo Rozumovskyi
Right-bank Ukraine	Pavlo Teteria Petro Doroshenko Yuriy Khmelnytsky Mykhailo Khanenko Stefan Kunicki George Ducas Pylyp Orlyk
List of hetmans

Authority control databases
International	ISNI VIAF FAST WorldCat
National	Germany United States Poland
Other	Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine