Lost Man Creek Dam: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox dam |
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{{Multiple issues| |
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| name_official = Lost Man Creek Dam |
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{{notability|date=May 2018}} |
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| name = Upper Dam |
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{{essay like|date=May 2018}} |
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| coordinates = {{Coord|41.3290|-124.0214}} |
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{{orphan|date=May 2018}} |
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| purpose = Hatchery |
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{{underlinked|date=May 2018}} |
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| status = Removed |
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| opening = 1936 |
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| demolished = 1989 |
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| location = 0.8 miles upstream from Prairie Creek Fish Hatchery |
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| dam_type = G |
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| dam_crosses = Lost Man Creek |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Lost Man Creek Dam''' |
'''Lost Man Creek Dam''' was a [[gravity dam]] used by the [[Prairie Creek Fish Hatchery]] in [[Humboldt County, California]] from 1936 to 1955.<ref name="Sacklin, Hofstra 1988">{{Cite journal|last1=Sacklin|first1=John|last2=Ozaki|first2=Vicki|last3=Hofstra|first3=Terry|last4=Smith|first4=Ann King|date=August 1988|title=Environmental Assessment: Upper Dam Removal, Lost Man Creek|url=https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/tmdl/records/region_1/2003/ref946.pdf|journal=Redwood National Park|language=en|pages=|via=From the files of Redwood Nation Park}}</ref> |
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== Location and description == |
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The Lost Man Creek Dam was located inside the [[Redwood National and State Parks]], in Humboldt County, California. It was positioned {{convert|0.8|mi|km}} upstream from the [[confluence]] of Lost Man Creek with Prairie Creek and was {{convert|24|ft|m}} in length with a width of {{convert|75|ft|m}}. The dam extended back southwards {{convert|100|ft|m}}.<ref name="Sacklin, Hofstra 1988" /> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Due to [[overfishing]] in the northern region of California, streams in Humboldt County were failing to continue to be an abundant source of fishing. Since tourism in the area was in decline, in July 1926, the Humboldt Fish and Game Commission made plans to replenish all the [[trout]] streams within Humboldt County. The commission decided since the hatchery at [[Fort Seward, California|Fort Seward]] is not large enough to supply all of the streams in this section of the state, it would be cost-effective and economically beneficial to build the hatcheries closer to where the fish would be deposited.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Kirk|first=Susie Van|date=March 1994|title=Historical Information on Redwood Creek|url=https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/tmdl/records/region_1/2003/ref893.pdf|access-date=2021-04-14|website=waterboards.ca.gov}}</ref> On August 18, 1927, the president of the [[California Fish and Game Commission]], Isadore Zellerbach, released a statement saying that "egg-taking stations will be established on Smith River in [[Del Norte County, California|Del Norte County]] and Prairie Creek in Humboldt County."<ref name=":0" /> |
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In 1936 a dam was built in the upper limits of the Lost Man Creek; the dam was rightfully named Upper dam on Lost man Creek. This dam was solely built to provide water to the nearby hatchery; [[Prairie Creek Fish Hatchery]]. The Prairie Creek Fish Hatchery was built back in 1927 at the junction of Prairie Creek and Lost Man Creek to stimulate the growth of Cutthroat, Chinook, and Silverside Fish.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kirk|first=Susie Van|date=March 1994|title=HISTORICAL INFORMATION on REDWOOD CREEK|url=https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/tmdl/records/region_1/2003/ref893.pdf|volume=|pages=1-33|via=Water Board}}</ref> A 12 inch wide pipeline travels 3,000 feet to connect the hatchery and the Upper Dam.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Corbett, Denise|first=Michael, Bradley|date=|title=Final Historic Resources Study Report for Prairie Creek Fish Hatchery Redwood National and State Parks Humboldt County, California| url=https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/tmdl/records/region_1/2003/ref2074.pdf|journal=National Parks Service|volume=|pages=1-53|via=Water Board}}</ref> 19 years later the Upper Dam was abandoned and left there.<ref name=":0" /> This dam created a barrier for the Chinook salmon’s migration. The reason for this being that fish need a good flow stream and a dip in the water to gain momentum and hurdle over to the top of the stream; the stream flow that the upper dam provided was very light and there was no dip to help them gain momentum; eventually all the fish got stuck at the bottom of the dam.<ref name=":0" /> In 1989, the Redwood National Park decided on removing the dam in all its entirety.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wilzbach|first=Margaret A.|date=January 28, 2016|title=STATE OF THE FISHERIES & AQUATIC RESOURCES OF PRAIRIE CREEK|url=http://www2.humboldt.edu/cuca/documents/reports/pcsyn%20rept1292016.pdf|journal=Redwood National Park|volume=|pages=1-79|via=Humboldt state University}}</ref> Much of the clean up consisted of removing fish ladders, filling the dam with sediment, and filling drying out the pond behind it, which could hold 800 feet of water. Due to flooding from 1971- 1972 much of the pipe line connecting the hatchery and the dam was lost. To take its place the Lower Dam on Lost Man Creek was built.<ref name=":0" /> Its only job is to divert water that comes from the Prairie Creek Fish Hatchery.<ref name=":0" /> As the upper dam was being removed proposals to remove the lower dam were already in place; but there was fear as to what would happen if it was removed and how quickly.<ref name=":0" /> The proposed ideas were to demolish the dam within one season, the second option was to demolish the dam over the course of six seasons. The last two options were taking it apart a slowly remove part of it over one season and leave it as it.<ref name=":0" /> These options all had scientific uncertainty most with how the wild life will react and how will sediment inflow effect vegetation.<ref name=":0" /> In the end it was left as is because it is still around. |
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In 1927, about four miles north of [[Orick, California]], the Prairie Creek Fish Hatchery was built in temporary facilities at the junction of Prairie Creek and Lost Man Creek to stimulate the growth of [[Cutthroat trout|cutthroat]], [[Chinook salmon|chinook]], [[Steelhead trout|steelhead]], and [[Silverside (fish)|silverside]] fish.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Corbett, Denise">{{Cite web|last1=Corbett|first1=Michael|last2=Bradley|first2=Denise|date=May 1997|title=Final Historic Resources Study Report for Prairie Creek Fish Hatchery Redwood National and State Parks Humboldt County, California|url=https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/tmdl/records/region_1/2003/ref2074.pdf|access-date=2021-04-14|website=waterboards.ca.gov}}</ref> |
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In 1936, the [[California Department of Fish and Game]] set up the Prairie Creek Fish Hatchery into a permanent facility, which included the Lost Man Creek Dam to serve as its water source. The dam was also referred to as the u''pper dam''.<ref name="Sacklin, Hofstra 1988" /> The upper dam where the [[Pipeline transport|pipeline]] began consisted of a wood-frame structure of rocks, with a trap and holding boxes at the north end. The pipeline ended at a water filter located behind the east end of the hatchery.<ref name="Corbett, Denise" /> |
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In the mid-forties, extensive [[logging]] was conducted above the [[Drainage basin|watershed]], which minimized water flow. This contributed to extensive [[sediment]] build up creating a barrier for the chinook salmon's [[Migration (ecology)|migration]]. By 1955, the hatchery required extensive repairs, so operations were largely discontinued and production was replaced by the Cedar Creek Experimental Station.<ref name="Corbett, Denise" /> |
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On September 15, 1961, the property was given to Humboldt County, at no cost, by order of the California State Assembly:<ref name="Corbett, Denise" /> |
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{{Blockquote|text="The property was transferred without cost to be used only as a fish hatchery for the following reasons: "The Legislature finds that there is an urgent need that all available facilities are used to produce fish for the citizens of this State and that use of this property by the County of Humboldt is a state public purpose since it will permit the continued operation of a fish hatchery which would otherwise be discontinued for economic reasons"|author=California State Assembly 1961}} |
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Numerous changes were made at the hatchery during the 1960s. Since the upper dam was, by this time, completely unserviceable and created a barrier for the chinook salmon's migration, it was replaced by the lower dam. The lower dam's concrete construction was completed in August 1969 and is located upstream about 100 feet from the pipeline crossing.<ref name="Corbett, Denise" /> |
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The upper dam was removed by [[Redwood National Park]] in August 1989. Removal of the dam increased [[Salmonidae|salmonid]] [[spawning]] access and use of 2.9 km of upstream [[habitat]] in the creek.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Wilzbach|first=Margaret A.|date=January 28, 2016|title=State Of the Fisheries & Aquatic Resources of Prairie Creek - Final Report to Redwood National and State Parks for Cooperative Agreement Number P13AC00848, Task Agreement Number P14AC01284|url=http://www2.humboldt.edu/cuca/documents/reports/pcsyn%20rept1292016.pdf|url-status=dead|journal=Redwood National Park|pages=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510185459/http://www2.humboldt.edu/cuca/documents/reports/pcsyn%20rept1292016.pdf|archive-date=2018-05-10|via=Humboldt State University}}</ref> |
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The Prairie Creek Hatchery ceased operations in 1992.<ref name=":1" /> |
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==Legal issues== |
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National Parks are purposed for keeping and or restoring a habitat to a point in time were human had very little in pact on shaping the environment. Since the Redwood Forrest is a nation park there is controversial debate on whether to remove the dam or not. The legal issues fall upon water right, air rights, and structural design. If the dam were to be removed permits from the Department of Army permit, Department of Fish and Game Stream bed Alteration agreement permit, and a Regional Water Quality Control Board Waste Charge permit. Before any of these can be acquired the National Park needs to get permission from the state of California and the United States Fish and Wildlife for permission to alter an environment.<ref name=":0" /> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{Coord|41.329069|-124.021398}} |
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{{coord missing|Humboldt County, California}} |
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[[Category:Dams completed in 1936]] |
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[[Category:Dams in California]] |
[[Category:Dams in California]] |
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[[Category:Geography of Humboldt County, California]] |
[[Category:Geography of Humboldt County, California]] |
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[[Category:Gravity dams]] |
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Latest revision as of 22:22, 27 September 2023
| Upper Dam | |
|---|---|
| Official name | Lost Man Creek Dam |
| Location | 0.8 miles upstream from Prairie Creek Fish Hatchery |
| Coordinates | 41°19′44″N 124°01′17″W / 41.3290°N 124.0214°W |
| Purpose | Hatchery |
| Status | Removed |
| Opening date | 1936 |
| Demolition date | 1989 |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | Gravity dam |
| Impounds | Lost Man Creek |
Lost Man Creek Dam was a gravity dam used by the Prairie Creek Fish Hatchery in Humboldt County, California from 1936 to 1955.[1]
Location and description
[edit]The Lost Man Creek Dam was located inside the Redwood National and State Parks, in Humboldt County, California. It was positioned 0.8 miles (1.3 km) upstream from the confluence of Lost Man Creek with Prairie Creek and was 24 feet (7.3 m) in length with a width of 75 feet (23 m). The dam extended back southwards 100 feet (30 m).[1]
History
[edit]Due to overfishing in the northern region of California, streams in Humboldt County were failing to continue to be an abundant source of fishing. Since tourism in the area was in decline, in July 1926, the Humboldt Fish and Game Commission made plans to replenish all the trout streams within Humboldt County. The commission decided since the hatchery at Fort Seward is not large enough to supply all of the streams in this section of the state, it would be cost-effective and economically beneficial to build the hatcheries closer to where the fish would be deposited.[2] On August 18, 1927, the president of the California Fish and Game Commission, Isadore Zellerbach, released a statement saying that "egg-taking stations will be established on Smith River in Del Norte County and Prairie Creek in Humboldt County."[2]
In 1927, about four miles north of Orick, California, the Prairie Creek Fish Hatchery was built in temporary facilities at the junction of Prairie Creek and Lost Man Creek to stimulate the growth of cutthroat, chinook, steelhead, and silverside fish.[2][3]
In 1936, the California Department of Fish and Game set up the Prairie Creek Fish Hatchery into a permanent facility, which included the Lost Man Creek Dam to serve as its water source. The dam was also referred to as the upper dam.[1] The upper dam where the pipeline began consisted of a wood-frame structure of rocks, with a trap and holding boxes at the north end. The pipeline ended at a water filter located behind the east end of the hatchery.[3]
In the mid-forties, extensive logging was conducted above the watershed, which minimized water flow. This contributed to extensive sediment build up creating a barrier for the chinook salmon's migration. By 1955, the hatchery required extensive repairs, so operations were largely discontinued and production was replaced by the Cedar Creek Experimental Station.[3]
On September 15, 1961, the property was given to Humboldt County, at no cost, by order of the California State Assembly:[3]
"The property was transferred without cost to be used only as a fish hatchery for the following reasons: "The Legislature finds that there is an urgent need that all available facilities are used to produce fish for the citizens of this State and that use of this property by the County of Humboldt is a state public purpose since it will permit the continued operation of a fish hatchery which would otherwise be discontinued for economic reasons"
— California State Assembly 1961
Numerous changes were made at the hatchery during the 1960s. Since the upper dam was, by this time, completely unserviceable and created a barrier for the chinook salmon's migration, it was replaced by the lower dam. The lower dam's concrete construction was completed in August 1969 and is located upstream about 100 feet from the pipeline crossing.[3]
The upper dam was removed by Redwood National Park in August 1989. Removal of the dam increased salmonid spawning access and use of 2.9 km of upstream habitat in the creek.[4]
The Prairie Creek Hatchery ceased operations in 1992.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Sacklin, John; Ozaki, Vicki; Hofstra, Terry; Smith, Ann King (August 1988). "Environmental Assessment: Upper Dam Removal, Lost Man Creek" (PDF). Redwood National Park – via From the files of Redwood Nation Park.
- ^ a b c Kirk, Susie Van (March 1994). "Historical Information on Redwood Creek" (PDF). waterboards.ca.gov. Retrieved 2021-04-14.
- ^ a b c d e Corbett, Michael; Bradley, Denise (May 1997). "Final Historic Resources Study Report for Prairie Creek Fish Hatchery Redwood National and State Parks Humboldt County, California" (PDF). waterboards.ca.gov. Retrieved 2021-04-14.
- ^ a b Wilzbach, Margaret A. (January 28, 2016). "State Of the Fisheries & Aquatic Resources of Prairie Creek - Final Report to Redwood National and State Parks for Cooperative Agreement Number P13AC00848, Task Agreement Number P14AC01284" (PDF). Redwood National Park. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-05-10 – via Humboldt State University.