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{{Short description|Central lunar eclipse on 27 July 2018}}
{| class="wikitable" align=right width=250
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
! bgcolor=#e7dcc3 colspan=2|Total lunar eclipse<BR>July 27, 2018
{{Infobox lunar eclipse
| type = total
| image = Lunar Total Eclipse on July 27, 2018 (100 2006) (43696968392) (cropped).jpg
| caption = Totality as viewed from [[Oria, Italy]], 21:09 UTC
| date = July 27, 2018
| gamma = 0.1168
| magnitude = 1.6100
| saros_ser = 129
| saros_no = 38 of 71
| totality = 102 minutes, 57 seconds
| partiality = 234 minutes, 33 seconds
| penumbral = 373 minutes, 48 seconds
| p1 = 17:14:49
| u1 = 18:24:27
| u2 = 19:30:15
| greatest = 20:21:44
| u3 = 21:13:12
| u4 = 22:19:00
| p4 = 23:28:37
| previous = January 2018
| next = January 2019
}}
A total [[lunar eclipse]] occurred at the Moon’s [[Lunar node|descending node]] of orbit on Friday, July 27, 2018,<ref>{{cite web|title=July 27–28, 2018 Total Lunar Eclipse (Blood Moon)|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/lunar/2018-july-27|publisher=timeanddate|access-date=17 November 2024}}</ref> with an umbral [[Magnitude of eclipse|magnitude]] of 1.6100. A lunar eclipse occurs when the [[Moon]] moves into the [[Earth's shadow]], causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a [[solar eclipse]], which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the [[night]] side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's [[Umbra, penumbra and antumbra|shadow]] is smaller. Occurring about 19 hours after [[Apsis|apogee]] (on July 27, 2018, at 1:45 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.<ref>{{cite web|title=Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/moon/distance.html?year=2018&n=136|publisher=timeanddate|access-date=17 November 2024}}</ref>

The [[Moon]] passed through the [[antisolar point|center]] of [[Earth's shadow]] in what was the first [[list of central lunar eclipses|central lunar eclipse]] since [[June 2011 lunar eclipse|June 15, 2011]]. It was also the longest total lunar eclipse of the 21st century, but not the longest in the 3rd millennium.<ref name=ES>{{cite web|url=http://earthsky.org/tonight/centurys-longest-lunar-eclipse-july-27|title=Century's Longest Lunar Eclipse July 27|first=Bruce|last=McClure|date=27 July 2018|website=[[EarthSky]]|access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref> Totality lasted one hour and 42.955 minutes,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://earth-chronicles.com/space/in-2018-the-longest-lunar-eclipse-will-take-place-in-100-years.html|author=Space|title=In 2018 the longest lunar eclipse will take place in 100 years|date=29 December 2017|website=Earth Chronicles|access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2018/7/27/17621694/watch-lunar-eclipse-july-2018-blood-moon-live-stream-start-time|first=Brian|last=Resnick|title=Watch: The longest 'blood moon' lunar eclipse of the century|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|date=27 July 2018|access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref><ref name="Nunamaker 2018-07-27">{{cite news|url=http://www.windermeresun.com/2018/07/27/centurys-longest-lunar-eclipse-blood-moon-2018-today-will-last-103-minutes/|title=Century's Longest Lunar Eclipse, Blood Moon 2018, Today, Will Last 103 Minutes|website=Windermere Sun|date=27 July 2018|first=Susan Sun|last=Nunamaker|access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tass.ru/kosmos/5405760|title=Два редких астрономических явления можно будет наблюдать 27 июля|website=[[TASS]]|language=Russian|date=27 July 2018|access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref> a period "just short of the theoretical limit of a lunar eclipse (one hour and 46.605 minutes)".<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/jul/25/blood-moon-all-you-need-to-know-about-this-weeks-lunar-eclipse|title=Blood moon: All you need to know about this week's lunar eclipse|last=Lyons|first=Kate|date=27 July 2018|website=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref> The Moon remained at least partially in Earth's shadow for three hours 54.55 minutes.<ref name=":0" /> The longest total lunar eclipse of the 3rd millennium will occur on May 12, 2264, lasting 106 minutes and 13.2 seconds, which will be the longest total lunar eclipse since 2000, and the longest one until 3107.

The eclipse occurred when the Moon was near its maximum distance from Earth, which caused the Moon to appear smaller than normal (a phenomenon sometimes called a micromoon),<ref>{{Cite web
|url=http://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/moon/micro-moon.html
|title=What Is a Micromoon?|website=Timeanddate.com |date=n.d.
|publisher=Time and Date AS |location=[[Stavanger|Stavanger, Norway]]
|access-date=July 27, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.sg/how-lunar-eclipses-work-earth-moon-red-shadow-2018-7/|title=The longest total lunar eclipse in a century is about to happen — here's how Earth will color the moon blood-red|first1=Dave|last1=Mosher|first2=Shayanne|last2=Gal|website=Business Insider|date=27 July 2018|access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref> and to travel at its slowest speed in its orbit around Earth.<ref name=ES/>

This lunar eclipse coincided with Mars [[Orbit of Mars#Oppositions|being nearly as close as possible to Earth]], a concurrence that happens once every 25,000 years.<ref name="Nunamaker 2018-07-27"/>

== Background ==
{{main|Lunar eclipse}}
A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes within Earth's [[umbra]] (shadow). As the eclipse begins, Earth's shadow first darkens the Moon slightly. Then, the Earth's shadow begins to cover part of the Moon, typically turning it a dark red-brown color (the color can vary based on atmospheric conditions). The Moon appears to be reddish because of [[Rayleigh scattering]] (the same effect that causes sunsets to appear reddish and the daytime sky to appear blue) and the refraction of that light by Earth's atmosphere into its umbra.<ref name="Espenak 2009-01-29">{{cite web|title=Visual Appearance of Lunar Eclipses|website=NASA Eclipse Web Site|publisher=[[NASA|National Aeronautics and Space Administration]]|first1=Fred|last1=Espenak|first2=Jean|last2=Meeus|url=http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEcat5/appearance.html|date=27 July 2018|access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref>

The Moon's brightness is exaggerated within the umbral shadow.<ref name="Espenak 2009-01-29"/> The southern portion of the Moon was closest to the center of the shadow, making it the darkest, and most red in appearance.{{Citation needed|date=July 2018}}
[[File:Animation July 27 2018 lunar eclipse appearance.gif|thumb|none|480px|Animation showing the approximate appearance of the Moon passing through Earth's shadow]]

== Visibility ==
The eclipse was completely visible over [[east Africa]], [[southern Africa]], [[south Asia|south]] and [[central Asia]], seen rising over [[South America]], [[west Africa]], and [[Europe]], and setting over [[east Asia]] and [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Total Lunar Eclipse of 2018 Jul 27|url=https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEplot/LEplot2001/LE2018Jul27T.pdf|publisher=NASA|access-date=17 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/map/2018-july-27|title=Eclipse Map — 27 July 2018 Total Lunar Eclipse|language=English}}</ref>

{| class=wikitable
|[[File:Lunar eclipse from moon-2018Jul27.png|315px]] [[File:Lunar eclipse chart close-2018Jul27.png|315px]]
|- align=center
|[[File:Visibility Lunar Eclipse 2018-07-27.png|640px]]<BR>Visibility map
|}

== Gallery ==
<!-- Upload to commons, add to image: Category:Lunar eclipse of 2018 July 27-->
<gallery>
File:2018 Lunar Eclipse.gif|Animation of the eclipse from [[Athens, Greece]]
File:Лунное затмение 27 июля 2018 года в Екатеринбурге.ogv|Video of the eclipse from [[Yekaterinburg]], [[Russia]]
File:Partial Lunar Eclipse of July 28, 2018.jpg|[[Nanjing, China]], 18:25 UTC
File:Eclipse lunar (42793807485).jpg|[[Asunción, Paraguay]] 19:10 UTC
File:Lunar eclipse 2018 07 27-1915.jpg|[[Rethymnon, Greece]] 19:14 UTC
File:Lunar eclipse with red moon (41869598430).jpg|[[Johannesburg, South Africa]], 19:16 UTC
File:Lunar eclipse 28 July 2018 03 20 31 Guangzhou China.jpg|[[Guangzhou, China]], 19:20 UTC
File:Lunar Eclipse 2018.jpg|[[Limassol, Cyprus]], 19:27 UTC
File:Лунное затмение в Ташкенте.jpg|[[Tashkent, Uzbekistan]], 19:32 UTC
File:Maale Adumim 14 27-07-18 22-33.jpg|[[Jerusalem, Israel]], 19:33 UTC
File:Total Lunar Eclipse with the Mars (43631697262).jpg|Eclipse with [[Mars]], [[Fukuoka, Japan]], 19:46 UTC
File:Total eclipse davao.jpg|[[Davao City, Philippines]], 19:52 UTC
File:Eclipse of the moon 2 (29810132768).jpg|[[Cracow, Poland]], 20:05 UTC
File:20180728 06-07 Chelsea, total lunar eclipse 10.jpg|[[Chelsea, Victoria]], Australia, 20:07 UTC
File:Total Lunar Eclipse 2018-07-28 At Maximum, Banjarmasin Indonesia.jpg|Maximum from [[Banjarmasin|Banjarmasin, Indonesia]], 20:21 UTC
File:Total Lunar Eclipse 2018 (41976695380).jpg|[[Tuen Mun]], Hong Kong, 20:47 UTC
File:2018.07.28 0005 300mm Lunar Total Eclipse 1 (43633067452).jpg|[[Huittinen]], Finland, 21:05 UTC
File:Lunar eclipse (43680756561).jpg|[[Graz, Austria]], 21:12 UTC
File:Une belle Lune de Sang (beautiful Bloody Moon) (42991774724).jpg|[[Toulouse, France]], 21:17 UTC
File:Blutmond.27.7.2018.nach.Austritt.aus.Kernschatten.jpg|[[Berlin, Germany]], 21:19 UTC
File:Eclisse di Luna 27 7 18 (29816914738).jpg|[[Torino, Italy]], 21:19 UTC
File:Mondfinsternis Juli 2018 II (43695158571).jpg|[[Hamburg, Germany]], 21:23 UTC
File:Blood moon over Brastad old cemetery.jpg|[[Brastad]], Sweden, 21:24 UTC
File:Eclipse parcial (43648377492).jpg|[[León, Spain]], 21:27 UTC
</gallery>

== Eclipse details ==
Shown below is a table displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. It describes various parameters pertaining to this eclipse.<ref>{{cite web|title=Total Lunar Eclipse of 2018 Jul 27|url=https://eclipsewise.com/lunar/LEprime/2001-2100/LE2018Jul27Tprime.html|publisher=EclipseWise.com|access-date=17 November 2024}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" align="{{{align|left}}}" style="margin:{{#ifeq:{{{align}}}|right|0 0 0.5em 1em|0 1em 0.5em 0}}"
|+July 27, 2018 Lunar Eclipse Parameters
! Parameter
! Value
|-
|-
| Penumbral Magnitude
| align=center colspan=2|Ecliptic north up<BR>[[File:Lunar eclipse chart close-2018Jul27.png|250px]]<BR>The moon will pass through the center of the Earth's shadow.
| 2.68050
|-
|-
| Umbral Magnitude
|align=center bgcolor=#c0d0e0| [[Saros cycle]] || 129 (38 of 71)
| 1.60996
|-100-years.html
|align=center bgcolor=#c0d0e0| [[Gamma (solar eclipse)|Gamma]] || +0.1168
|-
|-
| Gamma
!align=center bgcolor=#c0b0e0 colspan=2| Duration (hr:mn:sc)
| 0.11681
|-
|-
| Sun Right Ascension
|align=center bgcolor=#b0a0e0 | Totality || 1:42:57
| 08h28m22.0s
|-
|-
| Sun Declination
|align=center bgcolor=#c0a0e0 | Partial || 3:54:32
| +19°04'25.2"
|-
|-
| Sun Semi-Diameter
|align=center bicolour=#d0d0e0 | Penumbral || 6:13:48
| 15'45.0"
|-
|-
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax
!align=center bgcolor=#a0d0e0 colspan=2| [[#Timing|Contacts]] ([[UTC]])
| 08.7"
|-
|-
| Moon Right Ascension
|align=center bgcolor=#d0d0e0 | P1 || 17:14:49
| 20h28m18.2s
|-
|-
| Moon Declination
|align=center bgcolor=#c0a0e0 | U1 || 18:24:27
| -18°58'10.6"
|-
|-
| Moon Semi-Diameter
|align=center bgcolor=#b0a0e0 | U2 || 19:30:15
| 14'42.7"
|-
|-
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax
|align=center bgcolor=#a0a0e0| Greatest || 20:21:44
| 0°53'59.7"
|-
|-
| ΔT
|align=center bgcolor=#b0a0e0 | U3 || 21:13:12
| 68.9 s
|-
|align=center bgcolor=#c0a0e0 | U4 || 22:19:00
|-
|align=center bgcolor=#d0d0e0 | P4 || 23:28:37
|}
|}
{{clear}}


== Eclipse season ==
A '''total [[lunar eclipse]]''' will occur on July 27, 2018. The [[Moon]] will pass through the [[antisolar point|center]] of the [[Earth's shadow]]. This will be the first [[list of central lunar eclipses|central lunar eclipse]] since [[June 2011 lunar eclipse|June 15, 2011]].
{{See also|Eclipse cycle}}
This eclipse is part of an [[eclipse season]], a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a [[fortnight]]. The first and last eclipse in this sequence is separated by one [[month#Synodic_month|synodic month]].


{| class="wikitable"
Since it will occur near [[apogee]], this eclipse will also be the longest total lunar eclipse in the [[21st century]]. Totality will last approximately 103 minutes.<ref>https://earth-chronicles.com/space/in-2018-the-longest-lunar-eclipse-will-take-place-in-100-years.html</ref>
|+ Eclipse season of July–August 2018
! [[Solar eclipse of July 13, 2018|July 13]]<br/>Ascending node (new moon)<br/> !! [[July 2018 lunar eclipse|July 27]]<br/>Descending node (full moon)<br/> !! [[Solar eclipse of August 11, 2018|August 11]]<br/>Ascending node (new moon)<br/>
|-
| [[File:SE2018Jul13P.png|200px]] || [[File:Lunar eclipse chart close-2018Jul27.png|200px]] || [[File:SE2018Aug11P.png|200px]]
|- align=center
| [[Total eclipse#Types|Partial solar eclipse]]<br />Solar Saros 117 || [[Lunar eclipse#Types of lunar eclipse|Total lunar eclipse]]<br />Lunar Saros 129 || [[Total eclipse#Types|Partial solar eclipse]]<br />Solar Saros 155
|}


== Related eclipses ==
This eclipse will be the second total lunar eclipse in 2018, after [[January 2018 lunar eclipse|the one in January]].
[[File:Mars and Moon (41877108900).jpg|thumb|300px|Wide angle view of the total lunar eclipse and Mars in [[Melbourne, Australia]]]]
=== Eclipses in 2018 ===
* [[January 2018 lunar eclipse|A total lunar eclipse on January 31]].
* [[Solar eclipse of February 15, 2018|A partial solar eclipse on February 15]].
* [[Solar eclipse of July 13, 2018|A partial solar eclipse on July 13]].
* '''A total lunar eclipse on July 27.'''
* [[Solar eclipse of August 11, 2018|A partial solar eclipse on August 11]].


== Visibility ==
=== Metonic ===
* Preceded by: [[October 2014 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of October 8, 2014]]
* Followed by: [[May 2022 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of May 16, 2022]]


=== Tzolkinex ===
It will be completely visible over Eastern Africa, and Central Asia, seen rising over South America, Western Africa, and Europe, and setting over Eastern Asia, and Australia.
* Preceded by: [[June 2011 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of June 15, 2011]]
* Followed by: [[September 2025 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of September 7, 2025]]


=== Half-Saros ===
{| class=wikitable
* Preceded by: [[Solar eclipse of July 22, 2009]]
|[[File:Lunar eclipse from moon-2018Jul27.png|320px]]<BR>View of Earth from Moon at greatest eclipse
* Followed by: [[Solar eclipse of August 2, 2027]]
|-
|[[File:Visibility Lunar Eclipse 2018-07-27.png|480px]]<BR>Visibility map
|}


== Background ==
=== Tritos ===
* Preceded by: [[August 2007 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of August 28, 2007]]
{{main|Lunar eclipse}}
* Followed by: [[June 2029 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of June 26, 2029]]


=== Lunar Saros 129 ===
A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes within Earth's [[umbra]] (shadow). As the eclipse begins, Earth's shadow first darkens the Moon slightly. Then, the shadow begins to "cover" part of the Moon, turning it a dark red-brown color (typically – the color can vary based on atmospheric conditions). The Moon appears to be reddish because of [[Rayleigh scattering]] (the same effect that causes sunsets to appear reddish) and the refraction of that light by Earth's atmosphere into its umbra.<ref>{{cite web|title=Visual Appearance of Lunar Eclipses|work=NASA|author=Fred Espenak|author2=Jean Meeus|last-author-amp=yes|url=http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEcat5/appearance.html|accessdate=April 13, 2014}}</ref>
* Preceded by: [[July 2000 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of July 16, 2000]]
* Followed by: [[August 2036 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of August 7, 2036]]


=== Inex ===
The following simulation shows the approximate appearance of the Moon passing through Earth's shadow. The Moon's brightness is exaggerated within the umbral shadow. The northern portion of the Moon was closest to the center of the shadow, making it darkest, and most red in appearance.
* Preceded by: [[August 1989 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of August 17, 1989]]
* Followed by: [[July 2047 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of July 7, 2047]]


=== Triad ===
[[File:Animation_July_27_2018_lunar_eclipse_appearance.gif|360px]]
* Preceded by: [[September 1931 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of September 26, 1931]]

* Followed by: [[May 2105 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of May 28, 2105]]
== Related eclipses ==


=== Lunar year series ===
=== Lunar eclipses of 2016–2020 ===
{{Lunar eclipse set 2016-2020}}
{{Lunar eclipse set 2016-2020}}


=== Saros series ===
=== Saros 129 ===
{{Saros 129 summary}}
{{Saros 129 summary}}


It last occurred on [[July 2000 lunar eclipse|July 16, 2000]] and will next occur on [[August 2036 lunar eclipse|August 7, 2036]].
== See also ==

This is the 38th member of [[Lunar Saros 129]]. The previous event was the [[July 2000 lunar eclipse]]. The next event is the [[August 2036 lunar eclipse]]. [[Lunar Saros 129]] contains 11 total lunar eclipses between 1910 and 2090. [[Solar Saros 136]] interleaves with this lunar saros with an event occurring every 9 years 5 days alternating between each saros series.

=== Half-Saros cycle ===
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a [[Saros_(astronomy)#Relationship_between_lunar_and_solar_saros_.28sar.29|half saros]]).<ref>Mathematical Astronomy Morsels, Jean Meeus, p.110, Chapter 18, ''The half-saros''</ref> This lunar eclipse is related to two total solar eclipses of [[Solar Saros 136]].
{| class=wikitable
![[Solar eclipse of July 22, 2009|July 22, 2009]]
![[Solar eclipse of August 2, 2027|August 22, 2027]]
|-
|[[File:SE2009Jul22T.png|240px]]
|[[File:SE2027Aug02T.png|240px]]
|}

==See also==
*[[List of lunar eclipses]] and [[List of 21st-century lunar eclipses]]
*[[List of lunar eclipses]] and [[List of 21st-century lunar eclipses]]


== Notes==
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


== External links ==
==External links==
{{commonscat|Lunar eclipse of 2018 July 27}}
* [http://gostargazing.co.uk/2018/06/15/see-the-lunar-eclipse-27-july-2018/ Where to see the eclipse and public events (Go Stargazing)]
* [http://gostargazing.co.uk/2018/06/15/see-the-lunar-eclipse-27-july-2018/ Where to see the eclipse and public events (Go Stargazing)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902092637/http://gostargazing.co.uk/2018/06/15/see-the-lunar-eclipse-27-july-2018/ |date=2 September 2018 }}
* {{LEplot2001 link|2018|Jul|27|T}}
* {{LEplot2001 link|2018|Jul|27|T}}
* [http://www.hermit.org/eclipse/2018-07-27/ Hermit eclipse: 2018-07-27]
* [http://www.hermit.org/eclipse/2018-07-27/ Hermit eclipse: 2018-07-27]
*[https://www.livescience.com/63251-lunar-eclipse-earth-shadow-photo.html Photo Reveals a Lunar Eclipse Like Never Before]


{{Lunar eclipses}}
{{Lunar eclipses}}
Line 84: Line 216:
[[Category:2018 in science]]
[[Category:2018 in science]]
[[Category:July 2018 events]]
[[Category:July 2018 events]]


{{lunar-eclipse-stub}}

Latest revision as of 04:14, 17 November 2024

July 2018 lunar eclipse
Total eclipse
Totality as viewed from Oria, Italy, 21:09 UTC
DateJuly 27, 2018
Gamma0.1168
Magnitude1.6100
Saros cycle129 (38 of 71)
Totality102 minutes, 57 seconds
Partiality234 minutes, 33 seconds
Penumbral373 minutes, 48 seconds
Contacts (UTC)
P117:14:49
U118:24:27
U219:30:15
Greatest20:21:44
U321:13:12
U422:19:00
P423:28:37

A total lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Friday, July 27, 2018,[1] with an umbral magnitude of 1.6100. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Occurring about 19 hours after apogee (on July 27, 2018, at 1:45 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[2]

The Moon passed through the center of Earth's shadow in what was the first central lunar eclipse since June 15, 2011. It was also the longest total lunar eclipse of the 21st century, but not the longest in the 3rd millennium.[3] Totality lasted one hour and 42.955 minutes,[4][5][6][7] a period "just short of the theoretical limit of a lunar eclipse (one hour and 46.605 minutes)".[8] The Moon remained at least partially in Earth's shadow for three hours 54.55 minutes.[8] The longest total lunar eclipse of the 3rd millennium will occur on May 12, 2264, lasting 106 minutes and 13.2 seconds, which will be the longest total lunar eclipse since 2000, and the longest one until 3107.

The eclipse occurred when the Moon was near its maximum distance from Earth, which caused the Moon to appear smaller than normal (a phenomenon sometimes called a micromoon),[9][10] and to travel at its slowest speed in its orbit around Earth.[3]

This lunar eclipse coincided with Mars being nearly as close as possible to Earth, a concurrence that happens once every 25,000 years.[6]

Background

[edit]
Main article: Lunar eclipse

A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes within Earth's umbra (shadow). As the eclipse begins, Earth's shadow first darkens the Moon slightly. Then, the Earth's shadow begins to cover part of the Moon, typically turning it a dark red-brown color (the color can vary based on atmospheric conditions). The Moon appears to be reddish because of Rayleigh scattering (the same effect that causes sunsets to appear reddish and the daytime sky to appear blue) and the refraction of that light by Earth's atmosphere into its umbra.[11]

The Moon's brightness is exaggerated within the umbral shadow.[11] The southern portion of the Moon was closest to the center of the shadow, making it the darkest, and most red in appearance.[citation needed]

Animation showing the approximate appearance of the Moon passing through Earth's shadow

Visibility

[edit]

The eclipse was completely visible over east Africa, southern Africa, south and central Asia, seen rising over South America, west Africa, and Europe, and setting over east Asia and Australia.[12][13]


Visibility map
[edit]

Eclipse details

[edit]

Shown below is a table displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. It describes various parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[14]

July 27, 2018 Lunar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Penumbral Magnitude 2.68050
Umbral Magnitude 1.60996
Gamma 0.11681
Sun Right Ascension 08h28m22.0s
Sun Declination +19°04'25.2"
Sun Semi-Diameter 15'45.0"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.7"
Moon Right Ascension 20h28m18.2s
Moon Declination -18°58'10.6"
Moon Semi-Diameter 14'42.7"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°53'59.7"
ΔT 68.9 s

Eclipse season

[edit]
See also: Eclipse cycle

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight. The first and last eclipse in this sequence is separated by one synodic month.

Eclipse season of July–August 2018
July 13
Ascending node (new moon)
 July 27
Descending node (full moon)
 August 11
Ascending node (new moon)
Partial solar eclipse
Solar Saros 117		 Total lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 129		 Partial solar eclipse
Solar Saros 155
[edit]
Wide angle view of the total lunar eclipse and Mars in Melbourne, Australia

Eclipses in 2018

[edit]

Metonic

[edit]

Tzolkinex

[edit]

Half-Saros

[edit]

Tritos

[edit]

Lunar Saros 129

[edit]

Inex

[edit]

Triad

[edit]

Lunar eclipses of 2016–2020

[edit]
Lunar eclipse series sets from 2016–2020
Descending node   Ascending node
Saros Date Type
Viewing 		Gamma Saros Date
Viewing 		Type
Chart 		Gamma
109 2016 Aug 18
 Penumbral
 1.56406 114
 2017 Feb 11
 Penumbral
 −1.02548
119
 2017 Aug 07
 Partial
 0.86690 124
 2018 Jan 31
 Total
 −0.30143
129
 2018 Jul 27
 Total
 0.11681 134
 2019 Jan 21
 Total
 0.36842
139
 2019 Jul 16
 Partial
 −0.64300 144
 2020 Jan 10
 Penumbral
 1.07270
149 2020 Jul 05
 Penumbral
 −1.36387
Last set 2016 Sep 16 Last set 2016 Mar 23
Next set 2020 Jun 05 Next set 2020 Nov 30

Saros 129

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Lunar saros series 129, repeating every 18 years and 11 days, containing 71 events, has 11 total lunar eclipses. The first total lunar eclipse of this series was on May 24, 1910, and last will be on September 8, 2090. The longest occurrence of this series was on July 16, 2000 when totality lasted 106 minutes and 24.6 seconds.

Greatest First

The greatest eclipse of the series occurred on 2000 Jul 16, lasting 106 minutes. 		Penumbral Partial Total Central
1351 Jun 10 1513 Sep 15 1910 May 24 1946 Jun 14
Last
Central Total Partial Penumbral
2036 Aug 7 2090 Sep 8 2469 Apr 26 2613 Jul 24
1901–2100
1910 May 24 1928 Jun 3 1946 Jun 14
1964 Jun 25 1982 Jul 6 2000 Jul 16
2018 Jul 27 2036 Aug 7 2054 Aug 18
2072 Aug 28 2090 Sep 8

It last occurred on July 16, 2000 and will next occur on August 7, 2036.

This is the 38th member of Lunar Saros 129. The previous event was the July 2000 lunar eclipse. The next event is the August 2036 lunar eclipse. Lunar Saros 129 contains 11 total lunar eclipses between 1910 and 2090. Solar Saros 136 interleaves with this lunar saros with an event occurring every 9 years 5 days alternating between each saros series.

Half-Saros cycle

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A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros).[15] This lunar eclipse is related to two total solar eclipses of Solar Saros 136.

July 22, 2009 August 22, 2027

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ "July 27–28, 2018 Total Lunar Eclipse (Blood Moon)". timeanddate. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
  2. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
  3. ^ a b McClure, Bruce (27 July 2018). "Century's Longest Lunar Eclipse July 27". EarthSky. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
  4. ^ Space (29 December 2017). "In 2018 the longest lunar eclipse will take place in 100 years". Earth Chronicles. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
  5. ^ Resnick, Brian (27 July 2018). "Watch: The longest 'blood moon' lunar eclipse of the century". Vox. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
  6. ^ a b Nunamaker, Susan Sun (27 July 2018). "Century's Longest Lunar Eclipse, Blood Moon 2018, Today, Will Last 103 Minutes". Windermere Sun. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
  7. ^ "Два редких астрономических явления можно будет наблюдать 27 июля". TASS (in Russian). 27 July 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
  8. ^ a b Lyons, Kate (27 July 2018). "Blood moon: All you need to know about this week's lunar eclipse". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
  9. ^ "What Is a Micromoon?". Timeanddate.com. Stavanger, Norway: Time and Date AS. n.d. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
  10. ^ Mosher, Dave; Gal, Shayanne (27 July 2018). "The longest total lunar eclipse in a century is about to happen — here's how Earth will color the moon blood-red". Business Insider. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
  11. ^ a b Espenak, Fred; Meeus, Jean (27 July 2018). "Visual Appearance of Lunar Eclipses". NASA Eclipse Web Site. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
  12. ^ "Total Lunar Eclipse of 2018 Jul 27" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
  13. ^ "Eclipse Map — 27 July 2018 Total Lunar Eclipse".
  14. ^ "Total Lunar Eclipse of 2018 Jul 27". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
  15. ^ Mathematical Astronomy Morsels, Jean Meeus, p.110, Chapter 18, The half-saros
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