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{{Short description|Species of gastropod}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Taxobox
⚫
| name = ''Trona stercoraria''
| image = Cypraeidae - Trona stercoraria - Senegal-11.JPG
| image = Cypraeidae - Trona stercoraria - Senegal-11.JPG
| image_caption = A [[gastropod shell|shell]] of ''Trona stercoraria a'' from [[Senegal]], anterior end towards the right
| image_caption = A [[gastropod shell|shell]] of ''Trona stercoraria a'' from [[Senegal]], anterior end towards the right
⚫
| taxon = Trona stercoraria
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
⚫
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)
| phylum = [[Mollusca]]
| classis = [[Gastropoda]]
| unranked_superfamilia = clade [[Caenogastropoda]]<br />clade [[Hypsogastropoda]]<br/>clade [[Littorinimorpha]]
| superfamilia = [[Cypraeoidea]]
| familia = [[Cypraeidae]]
| subfamilia =
| genus = ''[[Trona (gastropod)|Trona]]''
| subgenus =
| species = '''''T. stercoraria'''''
| binomial = ''Trona stercoraria''
⚫
| binomial_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="WoRMS" />
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="WoRMS" />
| synonyms =
⚫
| synonyms = ''Cypraea stercoraria'' Linnaeus, 1758 ([[basionym]])
* ''Cypraea fasciata'' <small>Gmelin, 1791</small>
* ''Cypraea rattus'' <small>Lamarck, 1810</small> ·
⚫
* ''Cypraea stercoraria'' <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small> ([[basionym]])
* ''Cypraea tumulosa'' <small>Meuschen, 1778</small> (Invalid)
* ''Peribolus adansonii'' <small>Blainville, 1824</small>
* ''Trona stercoraria var. rattus'' <small>(Lamarck, 1810)</small>
* ''Trona stercoraria var. tumulosa'' <small>(Meuschen, 1778)</small>
}}
}}


'''''Trona stercoraria''''', [[common name]] the '''rat cowry''' or '''droppings cowry''', is a [[species]] of [[sea snail]], a [[cowry]], a marine [[gastropod]] [[mollusk]] in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Cypraeidae]], the cowries.<ref name="WoRMS">{{WRMS species|225254|''Trona stercoraria'' |||WoRMS (2009). Trona stercoraria. Accessed through the [[World Register of Marine Species]] at <nowiki>http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=225254</nowiki> on 23 October 2010}}</ref>
'''''Trona stercoraria''''', [[common name]] the '''rat cowry''' or '''droppings cowry''', is a [[species]] of [[sea snail]], a [[cowry]], a marine [[gastropod]] [[mollusk]] in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Cypraeidae]], the cowries.<ref name="WoRMS">{{WRMS species|225254|''Trona stercoraria'' (Linnaeus, 1758)||6 January 2019}}</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
The shells of these common cowries reach on average {{convert|50|-|75|mm}} of length, with a minimum size of {{convert|26|mm}} and a maximum size of {{convert|97|mm}}. They are very variable in pattern and colour. The shape ranges from oval to rhomboidal. The surface is smooth and shiny, the basic color is bluish, greenish or greyish, but it can be completely dark brown or whitish. Normally there is a dense dark brown spotting on the dorsum. The wide margins are usually dark brown and the anterior and posterior canals end into well developed 'rostra'. The base may be purplish, light brown, pinkish or white, with a long and narrow aperture and long brown, beige or white fine teeth with brown spacing. The 'fossula' is considerably protruding.
The shells of these common cowries reach on average {{convert|50|-|75|mm}} of length, with a minimum size of {{convert|26|mm}} and a maximum size of {{convert|97|mm}}. They are very variable in pattern and colour. The shape ranges from oval to rhomboidal. The surface is smooth and shiny, the basic color is bluish, greenish or greyish, but it can be completely dark brown or whitish. Normally there is a dense dark brown spotting on the dorsum. The wide margins are usually dark brown and the anterior and posterior canals end into well developed 'rostra'. The base may be purplish, light brown, pinkish or white, with a long and narrow aperture and long brown, beige or white fine teeth with brown spacing. The 'fossula' is considerably protruding.
⚫
{|
⚫
||[[File:Cypraeidae - Trona stercoraria - Senegal-1.JPG|thumb|220px|left|A [[gastropod shell|shell]] of ''Trona stercoraria a'' from [[Senegal]], dorsal view, anterior end towards the right]]
⚫
|||[[File:Cypraeidae - Trona stercoraria - Senegal-2.JPG|thumb|220px|left|A [[gastropod shell|shell]] of ''Trona stercoraria a'' from [[Senegal]], lateral view, anterior end towards the right]]
⚫
|||[[File:Cypraeidae - Trona stercoraria - Senegal-3.JPG|thumb|220px|left|A [[gastropod shell|shell]] of ''Trona stercoraria a'' from [[Senegal]], apertural view, anterior end towards the left]]
⚫
|}


==Distribution==
==Distribution==
Line 37: Line 29:


==Subspecies ==
==Subspecies ==
* ''Trona stercoraria minima'' (Linnaeus, C., 1758) <ref>[http://www.gastropods.com/8/Shell_14038.shtml Gastropods.com : ''Trona stercoraria minima'']; accessed : 23 October 2010</ref>
* ''Trona stercoraria stercoraria'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> <ref>{{Gastropods.com|key=1|id=91|title=''Trona stercoraria stercoraria''|access-date=23 October 2010}}</ref> (synonyms : ''Cypraea conspurcata'' Gmelin, J.F., 1791; ''Cypraea fasciata'' Gmelin, J.F., 1791; ''Cypraea gibba'' Gmelin, J.F., 1791; Cypraea ligata Röding, P.F., 1798; ''Trona cineracea'' Sulliotti, G.R., 1924)
* ''Trona stercoraria rattus'' (Lamarck, 1810) <ref>[http://www.gastropods.com/3/Shell_12153.shtml Gastropods.com :''Trona stercoraria stercoraria rattus'']; accessed : 23 October 2010</ref>
* ''Trona stercoraria minima'' <small>(Linnaeus, C., 1758)</small> <ref>{{Gastropods.com|key=8|id=14038|title=''Trona stercoraria minima''|access-date=23 October 2010}}</ref>
* ''Trona stercoraria stercoraria'' (Linnaeus, 1758) <ref>[http://www.gastropods.com/1/Shell_91.shtml Gastropods.com : ''Trona stercoraria stercoraria'']; accessed : 23 October 2010</ref> (synonyms : ''Cypraea conspurcata'' Gmelin, J.F., 1791; ''Cypraea fasciata'' Gmelin, J.F., 1791; ''Cypraea gibba'' Gmelin, J.F., 1791; Cypraea ligata Röding, P.F., 1798; ''Trona tumulosa'' Hidalgo, J.G., 1906; ''Trona cineracea'' Sulliotti, G.R., 1924)
* ''Trona stercoraria var. rattus'' <small>(Lamarck, 1810)</small>:<ref>{{Gastropods.com|key=3|id=12153|title=''Trona stercoraria rattus''|access-date=23 October 2010}}</ref> accepted as ''Trona stercoraria'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
* ''Trona stercoraria var. tumulosa'' <small>(Meuschen, 1778)</small> accepted as ''Trona stercoraria'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
* Meuschen, F.C. (1778). Mvsevm Gronovianvm. Sive Index Rervm Natvralivm tam Mammalivm Amphibiorvm Piscivm Insectorvm Conchyliorvm Zoophytorvm Plantarvm et Mineralivm exqvisitissimorvm qvam Arte factarvm nonnvllarvm. Inter qvae eminet Herbarivs siccvs Plantarvm a Tovrnefortio Claitonio Linnaeo aliisqve Botanicis collectarvm. Qvae omnia mvlta Cvra et magnis Svmptibvs sibi comparavit Vir amplissimvs & celeberrimvs Lavr. Theod. Gronovivs J.V.D. Civitatis Lvgdvno Batavae Senator et Scabinvs Societatis Regiae Londinensis Basilaeensis et Hollandiae qvae Harlemi est aliorvmque Socivs &c. &c. Th. Haak & Socios J. Meerburg, Lvgdvni Batavorvm, vi + 251
* Bernard, P.A. (Ed.) (1984). ''Coquillages du Gabon'' [Shells of Gabon]. Pierre A. Bernard: Libreville, Gabon
* Bernard, P.A. (Ed.) (1984). Coquillages du Gabon [Shells of Gabon]. Pierre A. Bernard: Libreville, Gabon. 140, 75 plates pp.
* Bernard, P.A. (Ed.) (1984). Coquillages du Gabon [Shells of Gabon]. Pierre A. Bernard: Libreville, Gabon. 140, 75 plates pp.
* Lorenz & Hubert (2000). A guide to worldwide cowries. ConchBooks 1-584 page(s): 52
* Lorenz & Hubert (2000). A guide to worldwide cowries. ConchBooks 1-584 page(s): 52
Line 49: Line 42:


==External links==
==External links==
* [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata &#91;10th revised edition&#93;, vol. 1: 824 pp.&nbsp;Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae]
* [http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=225254 WoRMS]
* [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25299230 Blainville, H. M. D. de. (1824). Mollusques, Mollusca (Malacoz.), pp. 1-392. In: Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles (F. Cuvier, ed.), vol. 32. Levrault, Strasbourg et Paris, & Le Normant, Paris]
* [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83098#5 Gmelin, J. F. (1791). Vermes. In: Gmelin J.F. (Ed.) Caroli a Linnaei Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Ed. 13. Tome 1(6). G.E. Beer, Lipsiae]
* [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3546607 Lamarck (J.-B. M. de). (1810). Sur la détermination des espèces parmi les animaux sans vertèbres, et particulièrement parmi les Mollusques testacés. Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. 15: 20-40]
* [http://www.gastropods.com/1/Shell_91.shtml Gastropods]
* [http://www.gastropods.com/1/Shell_91.shtml Gastropods]
* [https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id142839/ Biolib]
* [https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id142839/ Biolib]

⚫
{|
⚫
||[[File:Cypraeidae - Trona stercoraria - Senegal-1.JPG|thumb|220px|left|A [[gastropod shell|shell]] of ''Trona stercoraria a'' from [[Senegal]], dorsal view, anterior end towards the right]]
⚫
|||[[File:Cypraeidae - Trona stercoraria - Senegal-2.JPG|thumb|220px|left|A [[gastropod shell|shell]] of ''Trona stercoraria a'' from [[Senegal]], lateral view, anterior end towards the right]]
⚫
|||[[File:Cypraeidae - Trona stercoraria - Senegal-3.JPG|thumb|220px|left|A [[gastropod shell|shell]] of ''Trona stercoraria a'' from [[Senegal]], apertural view, anterior end towards the left]]
⚫
|}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q147678}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q147678}}
{{Commons category}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Trona Stercoraria}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Trona Stercoraria}}
[[Category:Cypraeidae]]
[[Category:Cypraeidae]]
[[Category:Gastropods described in 1758]]
[[Category:Gastropods described in 1758]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
[[Category:Molluscs of the Atlantic Ocean]]
[[Category:Molluscs of the Atlantic Ocean]]
[[Category:Molluscs of Angola]]
[[Category:Marine molluscs of Africa]]
[[Category:Gastropods of Cape Verde]]
[[Category:Gastropods of Cape Verde]]
[[Category:Invertebrates of Cameroon]]
[[Category:Fauna of the Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Fauna of Gabon]]
[[Category:Fauna of São Tomé Island]]
[[Category:Invertebrates of Guinea]]
[[Category:Invertebrates of São Tomé and Príncipe]]
[[Category:Invertebrates of West Africa]]
[[Category:Invertebrates of West Africa]]

{{Cypraeidae-stub}}

Latest revision as of 22:29, 20 March 2024

Trona stercoraria
A shell of Trona stercoraria a from Senegal, anterior end towards the right
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Littorinimorpha
Family: Cypraeidae
Genus: Trona
Species:
T. stercoraria
Binomial name
Trona stercoraria
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms[1]
  • Cypraea fasciata Gmelin, 1791
  • Cypraea rattus Lamarck, 1810 ·
  • Cypraea stercoraria Linnaeus, 1758 (basionym)
  • Cypraea tumulosa Meuschen, 1778 (Invalid)
  • Peribolus adansonii Blainville, 1824
  • Trona stercoraria var. rattus (Lamarck, 1810)
  • Trona stercoraria var. tumulosa (Meuschen, 1778)

Trona stercoraria, common name the rat cowry or droppings cowry, is a species of sea snail, a cowry, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries.[1]

Description

[edit]

The shells of these common cowries reach on average 50–75 millimetres (2.0–3.0 in) of length, with a minimum size of 26 millimetres (1.0 in) and a maximum size of 97 millimetres (3.8 in). They are very variable in pattern and colour. The shape ranges from oval to rhomboidal. The surface is smooth and shiny, the basic color is bluish, greenish or greyish, but it can be completely dark brown or whitish. Normally there is a dense dark brown spotting on the dorsum. The wide margins are usually dark brown and the anterior and posterior canals end into well developed 'rostra'. The base may be purplish, light brown, pinkish or white, with a long and narrow aperture and long brown, beige or white fine teeth with brown spacing. The 'fossula' is considerably protruding.

Distribution

[edit]

Trona stercoraria occurs in west Africa along Cape Verdes, Senegal, Guinea, Cameroon, Gabon, São Tomé Island, the Congo and Angola.

Habitat

[edit]

These cowries usually live in shallow waters under large rocks.

Subspecies

[edit]
  • Trona stercoraria stercoraria (Linnaeus, 1758) [2] (synonyms : Cypraea conspurcata Gmelin, J.F., 1791; Cypraea fasciata Gmelin, J.F., 1791; Cypraea gibba Gmelin, J.F., 1791; Cypraea ligata Röding, P.F., 1798; Trona cineracea Sulliotti, G.R., 1924)
  • Trona stercoraria minima (Linnaeus, C., 1758) [3]
  • Trona stercoraria var. rattus (Lamarck, 1810):[4] accepted as Trona stercoraria (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Trona stercoraria var. tumulosa (Meuschen, 1778) accepted as Trona stercoraria (Linnaeus, 1758)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Trona stercoraria (Linnaeus, 1758). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 January 2019.
  2. ^ "Trona stercoraria stercoraria". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
  3. ^ "Trona stercoraria minima". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
  4. ^ "Trona stercoraria rattus". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
  • Meuschen, F.C. (1778). Mvsevm Gronovianvm. Sive Index Rervm Natvralivm tam Mammalivm Amphibiorvm Piscivm Insectorvm Conchyliorvm Zoophytorvm Plantarvm et Mineralivm exqvisitissimorvm qvam Arte factarvm nonnvllarvm. Inter qvae eminet Herbarivs siccvs Plantarvm a Tovrnefortio Claitonio Linnaeo aliisqve Botanicis collectarvm. Qvae omnia mvlta Cvra et magnis Svmptibvs sibi comparavit Vir amplissimvs & celeberrimvs Lavr. Theod. Gronovivs J.V.D. Civitatis Lvgdvno Batavae Senator et Scabinvs Societatis Regiae Londinensis Basilaeensis et Hollandiae qvae Harlemi est aliorvmque Socivs &c. &c. Th. Haak & Socios J. Meerburg, Lvgdvni Batavorvm, vi + 251
  • Bernard, P.A. (Ed.) (1984). Coquillages du Gabon [Shells of Gabon]. Pierre A. Bernard: Libreville, Gabon. 140, 75 plates pp.
  • Lorenz & Hubert (2000). A guide to worldwide cowries. ConchBooks 1-584 page(s): 52
  • Burgess, C.M. (1985) Cowries of the World. Gordon verhoef, Seacomber Publications, South Africa, Cape Town. XIV + 289 pp. page(s): 111
[edit]
A shell of Trona stercoraria a from Senegal, dorsal view, anterior end towards the right
A shell of Trona stercoraria a from Senegal, lateral view, anterior end towards the right
A shell of Trona stercoraria a from Senegal, apertural view, anterior end towards the left
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Trona stercoraria.
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