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{{Short description|Province of Cambodia}}
{{weasel words|date=August 2018}}
{{weasel words|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kandal
| name = Kandal
| native_name = {{nobold|កណ្ដាល}}
| native_name = {{lang|km|កណ្ដាល}}
| native_name_lang = km
| native_name_lang = km
| official_name = {{Ubl
| settlement_type = [[Provinces of Cambodia|Province]]
| {{raise|0.2em|Kandal Province}}
| image_skyline = Vietnam55197.jpg
| {{lang|km|ខេត្តកណ្ដាល}}
| image_alt =
}}
| image_caption = Monument in Kandal
| settlement_type = [[Provinces of Cambodia|Province]]
| nickname =
| motto =
| image_skyline = Udong 0001.jpg
| image_seal =
| image_alt =
| image_map = Cambodia Kandal locator map.svg
| image_caption = [[Oudong]], the 17th century capital of Cambodia, is located in Kandal province
| mapsize = frameless
| nickname =
| map_alt =
| motto =
| map_caption = Map of Cambodia highlighting Kandal Province
| image_seal = Seal of Kandal.png
| coordinates =
| image_map = Cambodia Kandal locator map.svg
| mapsize = frameless
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| map_alt =
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Cambodia}}
| map_caption = Map of Cambodia highlighting Kandal province
| seat_type = Capital
| coordinates =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| seat = [[Krong Ta Khmau District|Ta Khmau]]
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| leader_party =
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Cambodia}}
| leader_title = Governor
| seat_type = Capital
| leader_name = Mao Phirun ([[Cambodian People's Party|CPP]])
|leader_title2 =
| seat = [[Ta Khmau Municipality|Ta Khmau]]
|leader_name2 =
| parts_type = Subdivisions
| parts_style = <!-- list, coll (collapsed list), para (paragraph format) -->
|establisheed_title = Provincial status
| parts = 10 districts; 3 cities
|established_date = 1907
| government_type = [[Provinces of Cambodia|Province]]

| area_footnotes =
| leader_title = Governor
| area_total_km2 = 3568
| leader_name = Kong Sophorn
| area_rank = [[Provinces of Cambodia|Ranked 19th]]
| leader_party = [[Cambodian People's Party|CPP]]
| leader_title2 = [[Kandal (National Assembly constituency)|National Assembly]]
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 10
| leader_name2 = {{composition bar|11|125}}
| established_title = Provincial status
| population_footnotes =
| established_date = 1907
| population_total = 1,265,805
| population_as_of = 2008
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 3179
| population_rank = [[Provinces of Cambodia|Ranked 2nd]]
| area_rank = [[Provinces of Cambodia|19th]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| elevation_footnotes =
| population_density_rank = [[Provinces of Cambodia|Ranked 2nd]]
| population_demonym =
| elevation_m = 10
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nis.gov.kh/nis/Census2019/Final%20General%20Population%20Census%202019-English.pdf|title=General Population Census of the Kingdom of Cambodia 2019 – Final Results|publisher=[[Ministry of Planning (Cambodia)|Ministry of Planning]]|work=National Institute of Statistics|date=26 January 2021|access-date=3 February 2021}}</ref>
| population_note =
| population_total = {{increase}} 1,820,505
| timezone1 = [[UTC+07]]
| utc_offset1 =
| population_as_of = 2023
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:KH|KH-8]]
| population_rank = [[Provinces of Cambodia|2nd]]
| population_density_km2 = 378
| website =
| population_density_rank = [[Provinces of Cambodia|2nd]]
| footnotes =
| population_demonym =
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| population_note =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Districts of Cambodia|Districts]]
| timezone = [[Time in Cambodia|ICT]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 11
| utc_offset = +07:00
| blank2_name_sec1 = Communes
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:KH|KH-8]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = 146
| website =
| blank3_name_sec1 = Villages
| footnotes =
| blank3_info_sec1 = 1087
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| demographics_type1 = [[Human Development Index]]
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| blank2_name_sec1 =
| demographics1_title1 = HDI (2009)
| blank2_info_sec1 =
| demographics1_info1 = {{increase}} 0.653&nbsp;(<span style="color:#fc0;;">medium</span>)
| blank3_name_sec1 =
| blank3_info_sec1 =
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2017)
| blank_info_sec2 = 0.591<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br />{{color|#fc0|medium}}
}}
}}


'''Kandal''' ({{lang-km| កណ្ដាល}}, <small>"Central"</small>) is a [[provinces of Cambodia|province]] (''khaet'') of [[Cambodia]] located in the southeast portion of the country. It borders the provinces of [[Kampong Speu Province|Kampong Speu]] and [[Takeo Province|Takeo]] to the west, [[Kampong Chhnang Province|Kampong Chhnang]] and [[Kampong Cham Province|Kampong Cham]] to the north, [[Prey Veng Province|Prey Veng]] to the east, and shares an international border with [[Vietnam]] to the south. Its capital and largest city is [[Ta Khmao (city)|Ta Khmao]], which is 20&nbsp;km south of [[Phnom Penh]]. Kandal is one of the wealthier provinces in the country.
'''Kandal''' ({{langx|km|កណ្ដាល}}, {{transl|km|Kândal}} {{IPA-km|kɑnˈɗaːl|}}; {{literal translation|Middle}}) is a [[Provinces of Cambodia|province]] of [[Cambodia]] located in the southeast portion of the country. It completely surrounds the Cambodian capital of [[Phnom Penh]] and borders the provinces of [[Kampong Speu Province|Kampong Speu]] and [[Takéo Province|Takéo]] to the west, [[Kampong Chhnang Province|Kampong Chhnang]] and [[Kampong Cham Province|Kampong Cham]] to the north, [[Prey Veng Province|Prey Veng]] to the east, and shares an international border with [[Vietnam]] ([[An Giang province|An Giang]] and [[Đồng Tháp province|Đồng Tháp]]) to the south. It is the second most populous province in Cambodia after the capital Phnom Penh.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.khmertimeskh.com/50631146/cambodias-population-reaches-15-2-million/|title=Cambodia's population reaches 15.2 million|work=[[Khmer Times]]|first=Kunthear|last=Mom|date=7 August 2019|access-date=8 August 2019}}</ref> Its capital and largest city is [[Ta Khmau Municipality|Ta Khmau]], which is approximately {{convert|8|km|spell=in}} south of central Phnom Penh. Kandal is one of the wealthier provinces in the country.


==Geography==
==Geography==


===Physical===
===Physical===
Kandal Province completely surrounds the capital Phnom Penh. The province is also a part of the greater [[Phnom Penh|Phnom Penh Metropolitan Area]] with more than a million people living in and around the province. While traveling out of Phnom Penh, the boundary between the two provinces is nearly unrecognizable.
Kandal province completely surrounds the capital Phnom Penh. The province is also a part of the greater [[Phnom Penh|Phnom Penh Metropolitan Area]] with more than a million people living in and around the province. While traveling out of Phnom Penh, the boundary between the two provinces is nearly unrecognizable.


The province consists of the typical plain wet area, covering rice fields and other agricultural plantations. The average altitude of the province is no more than 10 meters above sea level. The province also features two of the biggest rivers in the country, the [[Bassac River|Bassac]] and [[Mekong River]]s.<ref>[http://www.tourismcambodia.com/travelguides/provinces/kandal/geography.htm TC-Kandal Geography]</ref>
The province consists of the typical plain wet area, covering rice fields and other agricultural plantations. The average altitude of the province is no more than 10 meters above sea level. The province also features two of the biggest rivers in the country, the [[Bassac River|Bassac]] and [[Mekong River]]s.<ref>[http://www.tourismcambodia.com/travelguides/provinces/kandal/geography.htm TC-Kandal Geography]</ref>
Line 74: Line 79:


==Economy==
==Economy==
Kandal province serves as an economic belt of the capital Phnom Penh. Farming and fishing are the two main industries of the province. Major products include [[palm oil]], peanuts, rice, and pepper. In addition to farming and fishing, the province also supports thriving cottage industries that specialize in wood carving, silk, and handicrafts.


Many garment factories are located in Kandal province, which hires more than 500,000 workers.
Kandal Province serves as an economic belt of the capital Phnom Penh. Farming and fishing are the two main industries of the province. Major products include palm oil, peanuts, rice, and pepper. In addition to farming and fishing, the province also supports thriving cottage industries that specialize in wood carving, silk, and handicrafts.
==Demography==

[[File:Ethnic groups distribution of Kandal Province – Cambodia.jpg|thumb|Ethnic groups distribution in Kandal Province, Cambodia. With the colors, Khmer (blue), Cham (green), Vietnamese (red), and Chinese (yellow).]]
Many garment factories are located in Kandal Province, which hires more than 500,000 workers.
Along National Road #6 to the border with [[Kampong Cham province|Kampong Cham]], one can find the [[Chams|Cham]] [[Muslims]] community there. They are a community with a mediocre economy. Most of them are now more fluent in [[Khmer language]], the national and majority language of Cambodia. The ethnic majority in this province is [[Khmer people]]. The Cham people historically before the [[Democratic Kampuchea]] period probably comprised 8–12% of the population of Kandal province, but now they have mixed with the majority Khmer people and embraced [[Theravada Buddhism]], currently the population is around 4%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://movetocambodia.com/photographs/snaps-a-visit-to-a-cham-muslim-village/|title=Snaps: A visit to a Cham Muslim village|language=en|first=Lina|last=Goldberg|website=movetocambodia.com|date=5 April 2013|access-date=27 November 2024|publisher=Move To Cambodia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/cambodia/population-census/population-census-kandal|title=Cambodia Population: Census: Kandal|website=ceicdata.com|publisher=CEIC Data|access-date=27 November 2024|language=en}}</ref> Other ethnic minorities are [[Vietnamese Cambodians]] who mostly live in Kandal, [[Phnom Penh]], and Kampong Cham, as well as [[Chinese Cambodians]] who also live around Kandal and other several provinces. The latter two ethnic groups make up about 2% of the population of Kandal province.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://southeastasia.sac.or.th/en/subject.php?c_id=2&sj_id=31|title=Database of Southeast Asian Sociocultural Information|website=southeastasia.sac.or.th|publisher=ศูนย์มานุษยวิทยาสิรินธร (องค์การมหาชน)|access-date=27 November 2024|language=en}}</ref>


==Administrative divisions==
==Administrative divisions==
[[File:Kandal districts.svg|thumb|left|250px|Map of Kandal province.]]
The province is subdivided into 11 districts (''[[srok]]''). The districts are further subdivided into 146 communes (''[[khum]]'') and 1087 villages.
The province is subdivided into 10 districts and 3 cities. The districts are further subdivided into 146 communes (''[[khum]]'') and 1087 villages.

{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! ISO code
|+
! Name
! Khmer
|-
|-
| 08-01
! ISO Code
! District
! Romanization
! Population
|-
| 0801
| ស្រុកកណ្តាលស្ទឹង
| [[Kandal Stueng District|Kandal Stueng]]
| [[Kandal Stueng District|Kandal Stueng]]
| {{lang|km|កណ្ដាលស្ទឹង}}
| 76,549
|-
|-
| 0802
| 08-02
| ស្រុកគៀនស្វាយ
| [[Kien Svay District|Kien Svay]]
| [[Kien Svay District|Kien Svay]]
| {{lang|km|កៀនស្វាយ}}
|148,358
|-
|-
| 0803
| 08-03
|ស្រុកខ្សាច់កណ្តាល
| [[Khsach Kandal District|Khsach Kandal]]
| [[Khsach Kandal District|Khsach Kandal]]
| {{lang|km|ខ្សាច់កណ្ដាល}}
|105,345
|-
|-
| 0804
| 08-04
| [[Kaoh Thum District|Kaoh Thum]]
| ស្រុកកោះធំ
| {{lang|km|កោះធំ}}
| [[Koh Thum District|Kaoh Thum]]
| 136,542
|-
|-
| 0805
| 08-05
| ស្រុកលើកដែក
| [[Leuk Daek District|Leuk Daek]]
| [[Leuk Daek District|Leuk Daek]]
| {{lang|km|លើកដែក}}
| 52,976
|-
|-
| 0806
| 08-06
|ស្រុកល្វាឯម
| [[Lvea Aem District|Lvea Aem]]
| [[Lvea Aem District|Lvea Aem]]
| {{lang|km|ល្វាឯម}}
| 65,835
|-
|-
| 0807
| 08-07
| [[Mukh Kampul District|Mukh Kampul]]
| ស្រុកមុខកំពូល
| {{lang|km|មុខកំពូល}}
| [[Mukh Kamphool District|Mukh Kamphul]]
|77,456
|-
|-
| 0808
| 08-08
| ស្រុកអង្គស្នួល
| [[Angk Snuol District|Angk Snuol]]
| [[Angk Snuol District|Angk Snuol]]
| {{lang|km|អង្គស្នួល}}
|88,921
|-
|-
| 0809
| 08-09
| [[Ponhea Lueu District|Ponhea Lueu]]
|ស្រុកពញ្ញាឮ
| {{lang|km|ពញាឮ}}
| [[Ponhea Leu District|Popnhea Lueu]]
|95,087
|-
|-
| 0810
| 08-10
| ស្រុកស្អាង
| [[S'ang District|S'ang]]
| [[S'ang District|S'ang]]
| ស្អាង
| 169,792
|-
|-
| 0811
| 08-11
| [[Ta Khmau]]
| ក្រុងតាខ្មៅ
|{{lang|km|តាខ្មៅ}}
| [[Ta Khmao (city)|Ta Khmau]]
|195,898
|-
|-
|08-12
|[[Arey Ksat]]
|អរិយក្សត្រ
|}
|}

2 districts Khsach Kandal and Lvea Aem in east Mekong river


==Parliament==
==Parliament==
{{Main|Kandal (National Assembly constituency)}}
{{Main|Kandal (National Assembly constituency)}}
Kandal currently has 11 seats in [[Parliament of Cambodia|Parliament]] of which a majority was won by the [[Cambodia National Rescue Party]], winning 6 seats. The rest of the 5 seats were won by the [[Cambodian People's Party]].
{|class="wikitable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="font-size:90%;"
|-
! colspan=2 width=180|Name
! Political Party


==Religion==
|-
{{Pie chart
! style="background:{{Cambodia National Rescue Party/meta/color}}; color:white;"| 1
|thumb = right
| [[Eng Chhai Eang]] || [[Cambodia National Rescue Party|CNRP]]
|caption = Religion in Kandal (2019 census)<ref>{{cite web|title=Final General Population Census 2019-English.pdf|url=http://nis.gov.kh/nis/Census2019/Final%20General%20Population%20Census%202019-English.pdf|publisher=National Institute of Statistics Ministry of planning|date=October 2020}}</ref>
|-

! style="background:{{Cambodia National Rescue Party/meta/color}}; color:white;"| 2
|label1 = [[Buddhism in Cambodia|Buddhism]]
| [[Ou Chanrith]] || CNRP
|value1 = 98.3
|-
|color1 = Gold
! style="background:{{Cambodia National Rescue Party/meta/color}}; color:white;"| 3
|label2 = [[Islam in Cambodia|Islam]]
| Chan Cheng || CNRP
|value2 = 1.2
|-
|color2 = Green
! style="background:{{Cambodia National Rescue Party/meta/color}}; color:white;"| 4
|label3 = [[Christianity in Cambodia|Christianity]]
| To Vanchan || CNRP
|value3 = 0.4
|-
|color3 = DodgerBlue
! style="background:{{Cambodia National Rescue Party/meta/color}}; color:white;"| 5
|label4 = Animism and Other religions
| Pot Pov || CNRP
|value4 = 0.1
|-
|color4 = Black
! style="background:{{Cambodia National Rescue Party/meta/color}}; color:white;"| 6
}}
| Ter Chanmony || CNRP

|-
The state religion is [[Theravada Buddhism]]. More than 98.3% of the people in Kandal are Buddhists. Chams have been practicing [[Islam]] for hundreds of years. A small percentage follow Christianity.
! style="background:{{Cambodian People's Party/meta/color}}; color:white;"| 7

| [[Hun Sen]] || [[Cambodian People's Party|CPP]]
==Notable People==
|-
*[[Maya Gilliss-Chapman]] - CEO of Cambodians in Tech
! style="background:{{Cambodian People's Party/meta/color}}; color:white;"| 8
| [[Khuon Sodary]] || CPP
* [[Chea Vichea]] - politician
|-
! style="background:{{Cambodian People's Party/meta/color}}; color:white;"| 9
| Mom Chimhuy || CPP
|-
! style="background:{{Cambodian People's Party/meta/color}}; color:white;"| 10
| [[Ho Non]] || CPP
|-
! style="background:{{Cambodian People's Party/meta/color}}; color:white;"| 11
| Non Sirun || CPP
|-
|}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Geographic location
{{Geographic location
|Centre = Kandal Province
|Centre = Kandal province
|North = [[Kampong Cham Province]]
|North = [[Kampong Cham province]]
|Northeast =
|Northeast =
|East = [[Prey Veng Province]]
|East = [[Prey Veng province]]
|Southeast = {{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[An Giang Province]], [[Vietnam]]
|Southeast = {{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[An Giang province]], [[Vietnam]]
|South = {{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Đồng Tháp Province]], [[Vietnam]]
|South = {{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Đồng Tháp province]], [[Vietnam]]
|Southwest = [[Takéo Province]]
|Southwest = [[Takéo province]]
|West = [[Kampong Speu Province]]
|West = [[Kampong Speu province]]
|Northwest = [[Kampong Chhnang Province]]
|Northwest = [[Kampong Chhnang province]]
}}
}}
{{Kandal Province}}
{{Kandal province}}
{{Provinces of Cambodia}}
{{Provinces of Cambodia}}
{{Portal bar|Cambodia}}
{{Portal bar|Cambodia}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|13|51|45|N|100|30|52|E|type:adm1st_region:TH|display=title}}


[[Category:Kandal Province| ]]
[[Category:Kandal province| ]]
[[Category:Provinces of Cambodia]]
[[Category:Provinces of Cambodia]]

Latest revision as of 05:25, 31 December 2024

Kandal
កណ្ដាល
Province
  • Kandal Province
  • ខេត្តកណ្ដាល
Oudong, the 17th century capital of Cambodia, is located in Kandal province
Oudong, the 17th century capital of Cambodia, is located in Kandal province
Official seal of Kandal
Seal
Map of Cambodia highlighting Kandal province
Map of Cambodia highlighting Kandal province
Country Cambodia
Provincial status1907
CapitalTa Khmau
Subdivisions10 districts; 3 cities
Government
 • TypeProvince
 • GovernorKong Sophorn (CPP)
 • National Assembly
11 / 125
Area
 • Total
3,179 km2 (1,227 sq mi)
 • Rank19th
Elevation
10 m (30 ft)
Population
 (2023)[1]
 • Total
Increase 1,820,505
 • Rank2nd
 • Density378/km2 (980/sq mi)
  • Rank2nd
Time zoneUTC+07:00 (ICT)
ISO 3166 codeKH-8
HDI (2017)0.591[2]
medium

Kandal (Khmer: កណ្ដាល, Kândal [kɑnˈɗaːl]; lit. 'Middle') is a province of Cambodia located in the southeast portion of the country. It completely surrounds the Cambodian capital of Phnom Penh and borders the provinces of Kampong Speu and Takéo to the west, Kampong Chhnang and Kampong Cham to the north, Prey Veng to the east, and shares an international border with Vietnam (An Giang and Đồng Tháp) to the south. It is the second most populous province in Cambodia after the capital Phnom Penh.[3] Its capital and largest city is Ta Khmau, which is approximately eight kilometres (5.0 mi) south of central Phnom Penh. Kandal is one of the wealthier provinces in the country.

Geography

[edit]

Physical

[edit]

Kandal province completely surrounds the capital Phnom Penh. The province is also a part of the greater Phnom Penh Metropolitan Area with more than a million people living in and around the province. While traveling out of Phnom Penh, the boundary between the two provinces is nearly unrecognizable.

The province consists of the typical plain wet area, covering rice fields and other agricultural plantations. The average altitude of the province is no more than 10 meters above sea level. The province also features two of the biggest rivers in the country, the Bassac and Mekong Rivers.[4]

Climate

[edit]

The province has a warm and humid tropical climate. The monsoon season normally begins in May and runs through October, while the rest of the year is the dry season. The warmest period of the year occurs between March and May, while the coolest period is from November through March.[5]

Economy

[edit]

Kandal province serves as an economic belt of the capital Phnom Penh. Farming and fishing are the two main industries of the province. Major products include palm oil, peanuts, rice, and pepper. In addition to farming and fishing, the province also supports thriving cottage industries that specialize in wood carving, silk, and handicrafts.

Many garment factories are located in Kandal province, which hires more than 500,000 workers.

Demography

[edit]
Ethnic groups distribution in Kandal Province, Cambodia. With the colors, Khmer (blue), Cham (green), Vietnamese (red), and Chinese (yellow).

Along National Road #6 to the border with Kampong Cham, one can find the Cham Muslims community there. They are a community with a mediocre economy. Most of them are now more fluent in Khmer language, the national and majority language of Cambodia. The ethnic majority in this province is Khmer people. The Cham people historically before the Democratic Kampuchea period probably comprised 8–12% of the population of Kandal province, but now they have mixed with the majority Khmer people and embraced Theravada Buddhism, currently the population is around 4%.[6][7] Other ethnic minorities are Vietnamese Cambodians who mostly live in Kandal, Phnom Penh, and Kampong Cham, as well as Chinese Cambodians who also live around Kandal and other several provinces. The latter two ethnic groups make up about 2% of the population of Kandal province.[8]

Administrative divisions

[edit]
Map of Kandal province.

The province is subdivided into 10 districts and 3 cities. The districts are further subdivided into 146 communes (khum) and 1087 villages.

ISO code Name Khmer
08-01 Kandal Stueng កណ្ដាលស្ទឹង
08-02 Kien Svay កៀនស្វាយ
08-03 Khsach Kandal ខ្សាច់កណ្ដាល
08-04 Kaoh Thum កោះធំ
08-05 Leuk Daek លើកដែក
08-06 Lvea Aem ល្វាឯម
08-07 Mukh Kampul មុខកំពូល
08-08 Angk Snuol អង្គស្នួល
08-09 Ponhea Lueu ពញាឮ
08-10 S'ang ស្អាង
08-11 Ta Khmau តាខ្មៅ
08-12 Arey Ksat អរិយក្សត្រ

2 districts Khsach Kandal and Lvea Aem in east Mekong river

Parliament

[edit]
Main article: Kandal (National Assembly constituency)

Religion

[edit]

Religion in Kandal (2019 census)[9]

  Buddhism (98.3%)
  Islam (1.2%)
  Christianity (0.4%)
  Animism and Other religions (0.1%)

The state religion is Theravada Buddhism. More than 98.3% of the people in Kandal are Buddhists. Chams have been practicing Islam for hundreds of years. A small percentage follow Christianity.

Notable People

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "General Population Census of the Kingdom of Cambodia 2019 – Final Results" (PDF). National Institute of Statistics. Ministry of Planning. 26 January 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  2. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2018-09-13.
  3. ^ Mom, Kunthear (7 August 2019). "Cambodia's population reaches 15.2 million". Khmer Times. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  4. ^ TC-Kandal Geography
  5. ^ TC-Kandal
  6. ^ Goldberg, Lina (5 April 2013). "Snaps: A visit to a Cham Muslim village". movetocambodia.com. Move To Cambodia. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  7. ^ "Cambodia Population: Census: Kandal". ceicdata.com. CEIC Data. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  8. ^ "Database of Southeast Asian Sociocultural Information". southeastasia.sac.or.th. ศูนย์มานุษยวิทยาสิรินธร (องค์การมหาชน). Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  9. ^ "Final General Population Census 2019-English.pdf" (PDF). National Institute of Statistics Ministry of planning. October 2020.
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