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| Watchedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 470455933
| verifiedrevid = 470455933
| ImageFileL1 = Ethyl-formate-2D-skeletal-B.png
| ImageFileL1 = Ethyl formate Structural Formulae.svg
| ImageNameL1 = Ethyl formate
| ImageNameL1 = Ethyl formate
| ImageFileR1 = Ethyl-formate-3D-balls.png
| ImageFileR1 = Ethyl-formate-3D-balls.png
| ImageFile2 = Ethyl formate.jpg
| ImageSize2 = 220px
| PIN = Ethyl formate
| PIN = Ethyl formate
| SystematicName = Ethyl methanoate
| SystematicName = Ethyl methanoate
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 52342
| ChEBI = 52342
| Beilstein = 906769
| PubChem = 8025
| EC_number = 203-721-0
| RTECS = LQ8400000
| UNNumber = 1190
| SMILES = O=COCC
| SMILES = O=COCC
}}
}}
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| PEL = TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0278}}</ref>
| PEL = TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0278}}</ref>
| FlashPtF = -4
| FlashPtF = -4
| FlashPt_notes = <ref name=PGCH/>
| FlashPt_ref = <ref name=PGCH/>
| ExploLimits = 2.8% - 16.0%<ref name=PGCH/>
| ExploLimits = 2.8% - 16.0%<ref name=PGCH/>
| REL = TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<ref name=PGCH/>
| REL = TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<ref name=PGCH/>
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'''Ethyl formate''' is an [[ester]] formed when [[ethanol]] (an [[alcohol]]) reacts with [[formic acid]] (a [[carboxylic acid]]). Ethyl formate has the characteristic smell of [[rum]] and is also partially responsible for the flavor of [[Raspberry|raspberries]].<ref name="guardian">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2009/apr/21/space-raspberries-amino-acids-astrobiology|title=Galaxy's centre tastes of raspberries and smells of rum, say astronomers|last=Sample|first=Ian|date=21 April 2009|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=2009-04-21|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706165701/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2009/apr/21/space-raspberries-amino-acids-astrobiology |archivedate=6 July 2017|df=}}</ref> It occurs naturally in the body of ants and in the stingers of bees. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chemicalland21.com/industrialchem/organic/ETHYL%20FORMATE.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-04-11 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412003042/http://www.chemicalland21.com/industrialchem/organic/ETHYL%20FORMATE.htm |archivedate=2015-04-12 |df= }}</ref>
'''Ethyl formate''' is an [[ester]] formed when [[ethanol]] (an [[Alcohol (chemistry)|alcohol]]) reacts with [[formic acid]] (a [[carboxylic acid]]). Ethyl formate has the characteristic smell of [[rum]] and is partially responsible for the flavor of [[Raspberry|raspberries]],<ref name="guardian">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2009/apr/21/space-raspberries-amino-acids-astrobiology|title=Galaxy's centre tastes of raspberries and smells of rum, say astronomers|last=Sample|first=Ian|date=21 April 2009|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=2009-04-21|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706165701/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2009/apr/21/space-raspberries-amino-acids-astrobiology |archive-date=6 July 2017}}</ref> occurring naturally in some plant oils, fruits, and juices.


==Exposure==
==Exposure==
Ethyl formate is [[generally recognized as safe]] by the [[Food and Drug Administration (United States)|U.S. Food and Drug Administration]].<ref name="alt">{{cite web| url=http://groups.ucanr.org/mba/Alternative_fumigants__Ethyl_Formate/| title=Alternative fumigants: Ethyl Formate| publisher=[[University of California]]| accessdate=2009-04-25| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090530174123/http://groups.ucanr.org/mba/Alternative_fumigants__Ethyl_Formate/| archivedate=2009-05-30| df=}}</ref>
Ethyl formate is [[generally recognized as safe]] by the [[Food and Drug Administration (United States)|U.S. Food and Drug Administration]].<ref name="alt">{{cite web| url=http://groups.ucanr.org/mba/Alternative_fumigants__Ethyl_Formate/| title=Alternative fumigants: Ethyl Formate| publisher=[[University of California]]| access-date=2009-04-25| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090530174123/http://groups.ucanr.org/mba/Alternative_fumigants__Ethyl_Formate/| archive-date=2009-05-30}}</ref>


According to the [[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|U.S Occupational Safety and Health Administration]] (OSHA), ethyl formate can irritate eyes, skin, [[mucous membrane]]s, and the [[respiratory system]] of humans and other animals; it is also a [[central nervous system]] [[depressant]].<ref name="osha">{{cite web| url=http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/healthguidelines/ethylformate/recognition.html| title=Occupational Safety and Health Guideline for Ethyl Formate| publisher=[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]]| accessdate=2009-04-25| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414153954/http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/healthguidelines/ethylformate/recognition.html| archivedate=2009-04-14| df=}}</ref> In industry, it is used as a solvent for [[cellulose nitrate]], [[cellulose acetate]], oils, and greases. It can be used as a substitute for [[acetone]]; workers may also be exposed to it under the following circumstances:<ref name="osha"/>
According to the [[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|U.S Occupational Safety and Health Administration]] (OSHA), ethyl formate can irritate eyes, skin, [[mucous membrane]]s, and the [[respiratory system]] of humans and other animals; it is also a [[central nervous system]] [[depressant]].<ref name="osha">{{cite web| url=http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/healthguidelines/ethylformate/recognition.html| title=Occupational Safety and Health Guideline for Ethyl Formate| publisher=[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]]| access-date=2009-04-25| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414153954/http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/healthguidelines/ethylformate/recognition.html| archive-date=2009-04-14}}</ref> In industry, it is used as a solvent for [[cellulose nitrate]], [[cellulose acetate]], oils, and greases. It can be used as a substitute for [[acetone]]; workers may also be exposed to it under the following circumstances:<ref name="osha"/>
* during spray, brush, or dip applications of [[lacquer]]s
* during spray, brush, or dip applications of [[lacquer]]s
* during the manufacture of [[safety glass]]
* during the manufacture of [[safety glass]]

Latest revision as of 12:19, 26 November 2024

Ethyl formate
Ethyl formate
Ethyl formate
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Ethyl formate
Systematic IUPAC name
Ethyl methanoate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
906769
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.384 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 203-721-0
RTECS number
  • LQ8400000
UNII
UN number 1190
  • InChI=1S/C3H6O2/c1-2-5-3-4/h3H,2H2,1H3 checkY
    Key: WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C3H6O2/c1-2-5-3-4/h3H,2H2,1H3
    Key: WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYAO
  • O=COCC
Properties
C3H6O2
Molar mass 74.079 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid[1]
Odor fruity[1]
Density 0.917 g/cm3
Melting point −80 °C; −112 °F; 193 K
Boiling point 54.0 °C (129.2 °F; 327.1 K)
9% (17.78°C)[1]
Vapor pressure 200 mmHg (20°C)[1]
-43.00·10−6 cm3/mol
Hazards
Flash point −20 °C; −4 °F; 253 K[1]
Explosive limits 2.8% - 16.0%[1]
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
1850 mg/kg (rat, oral)
1110 mg/kg (guinea pig, oral)
2075 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)[2]
10,000 ppm (cat, 1.5 hr)
8000 ppm (rat, 4 hr)[2]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3)[1]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3)[1]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 1500 ppm[1]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Ethyl formate is an ester formed when ethanol (an alcohol) reacts with formic acid (a carboxylic acid). Ethyl formate has the characteristic smell of rum and is partially responsible for the flavor of raspberries,[3] occurring naturally in some plant oils, fruits, and juices.

Exposure

[edit]

Ethyl formate is generally recognized as safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.[4]

According to the U.S Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), ethyl formate can irritate eyes, skin, mucous membranes, and the respiratory system of humans and other animals; it is also a central nervous system depressant.[5] In industry, it is used as a solvent for cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, oils, and greases. It can be used as a substitute for acetone; workers may also be exposed to it under the following circumstances:[5]

OSHA considers a time-weighted average of 100 parts per million (300 milligrams per cubic meter) over an eight-hour period as the permissible exposure limit. The U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) also considers a time-weighted average of 100 ppm over an eight-hour period as the recommended exposure limit.[6]

In space

[edit]

Ethyl formate has been identified in dust clouds in an area of the Milky Way galaxy called Sagittarius B2. It is among 50 molecular species identified using the 30 metre IRAM radiotelescope.[3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0278". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. ^ a b "Ethyl formate". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  3. ^ a b Sample, Ian (21 April 2009). "Galaxy's centre tastes of raspberries and smells of rum, say astronomers". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 2009-04-21.
  4. ^ a b "Alternative fumigants: Ethyl Formate". University of California. Archived from the original on 2009-05-30. Retrieved 2009-04-25.
  5. ^ a b "Occupational Safety and Health Guideline for Ethyl Formate". OSHA. Archived from the original on 2009-04-14. Retrieved 2009-04-25.
  6. ^ CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards Archived 2017-12-19 at the Wayback Machine.
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