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Visual design elements and principles may refer to:

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Visual design elements and principles.
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+'''Visual design elements and principles''' may refer to:
-{{Use American English|date=October 2017}}
+* [[Design elements]]
-{{Multiple issues|
+* [[Design principles]]
-{{refimprove|date=April 2010}}
-{{essay-like|date=October 2016}}
-{{original research|date=May 2017}}
-{{too few opinions|date=May 2017}}
-}}
-'''Visual design elements and principles''' describe fundamental ideas about the practice of  [[visual design]].
-{{quote|The best designers sometimes disregard the principles of design. When they do so, however, there is usually some compensating merit attained at the cost of the violation. Unless you are certain of doing as well, it is best to abide by the principles.<ref name=Universal>{{cite book|last=Lidwell|first=William|author2=Kritina Holden |author3=Jill Butler |title=Universal Principles of Design|edition=2nd|year=2010|publisher=Rockport Publishers|location=Beverly, Massachusetts|isbn=978-1-59253-587-3}}</ref>}}
+{{disambiguation}}
-==Design elements==
-{{see also|Elements of art}}
-Design elements are the basic units of any visual design which form its structure and convey visual messages.<ref name="John L">{{cite web|last=Lovett|first=John|title=Design and Colour|url=http://www.johnlovett.com/test.htm|accessdate=3 April 2012}}</ref><ref>Charlotte Jirousek. [http://char.txa.cornell.edu/ ''Art, Design, and Visual Thinking.''] An online, interactive textbook. Cornell.edu, 1995.</ref> Painter and design theorist Maitland E. Graves (1902-1978), who attempted to gestate the fundamental principles of aesthetic order in visual design,<ref>Martin, Jon Henry. [http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/4851/ ''An evaluation of Maitland Graves' principle of aesthetic order.''] Masters thesis, Concordia University, 1972.</ref> in his book, ''The Art of Color and Design'' (1941), defined the elements of design as Line, Direction, Shape, Size, Texture, Value, and Color (in that order), concluding that "these elements are the materials from which all designs are built."<ref>Graves, Maitland, E. ''The art of color and design.'' 2d ed. New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill, 1951.</ref>
-===Color===
-*Color is not the main role in the elements of design<ref name=C /> with the [[color wheel]] being used as a tool, and [[color theory]] providing a body of practical guidance to color mixing and the visual impacts of specific color
-[[File:Color star-en (tertiary names).svg|thumb|Color star containing primary, secondary, and tertiary colors.]]
-;Uses
-*Color can aid organization to develop a color strategy and stay consistent with those colors.<ref name=C />
-*It can give emphasis to create a hierarchy to the piece of art.
-* It is also important to note that color choices in design change meaning within cultural contexts. For example, white is associated with purity in some cultures while it is associated with death in others.
-====Attributes====
-*[[Hue]]<ref name=C />
-*[[Lightness (color)|Value]]s, [[tints and shades]] of colors that are created by adding black to a color for a shade and white for a tint. Creating a tint or shade of color reduces the [[Saturation (color theory)|saturation]].<ref name=C />
-*[[Saturation (color theory)|Saturation]] gives a color [[brightness]] or dullness, and by doing this it makes the color more vibrant than before.<ref name=C />
-The three primary hues which cannot be created by mixing are red, yellow and blue.  In practice, however, a more practical set of "double primaries" is utilized to allow for creating more intense saturation of colors.  One author recommending this double primary system of color mixing is Michael Wilcox in his book:  BLUE AND YELLOW DON'T MAKE GREEN.
-===Line===
-Line is an element of art defined by a point moving in space. It is probably the most fundamental of the elements of design as it is usually the starting place for much of artistic creation. Lines can be vertical, horizontal, diagonal, or curved. They can be any width or texture. And can be continuous, implied, or broken.
-===Shape===
-A shape is defined as a two or more dimensional area that stands out from the space next to or around it due to a defined or implied boundary, or because of differences of value, color, or texture.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ehhs.kent.edu/community/VLO/design/elements/shape/index.html | title=Visual Literacy |author=Cindy Kovalik, Ph.D. and Peggy King, M.Ed. |accessdate=2010-03-27}}</ref> All objects are composed of shapes and all other 'Elements of Design' are shapes in some way.<ref name="Design Notes">{{cite web|last=Saw|first=James|title=Design Notes|url=http://daphne.palomar.edu/design/Default.htm|publisher=Palomar College|accessdate=3 April 2012}}</ref>
-====Categories====
-*Mechanical Shapes or Geometric Shapes are the shapes that can be drawn using a ruler or compass. Mechanical shapes, whether simple or complex, produce a feeling of control or order.<ref name="Design Notes" />
-*Organic Shapes are freehand drawn shapes that are complex and normally found '''in''' nature. Organic shapes produce a natural feel.<ref name="Design Notes" />
-===Texture===
-[[File:Texture arbre.jpg|thumb|The tree's visual feelings is represented here in this image.]]
-Meaning the way a surface feels or is perceived to feel. Texture can be added to attract or repel interest to an element, depending on the pleasantness of the texture.<ref name="Design Notes" />
-;Types of texture
-*Tactile texture is the actual three-dimension feel of a surface that can be touched. Painter can use [[impasto]] to build peaks and create texture.<ref name="Design Notes"/>
-*Visual texture is the illusion of the surfaces peaks and valleys, like the tree pictured. Any texture shown in a photo is a visual texture, meaning the paper is smooth no matter how rough the image perceives it to be.<ref name="Design Notes" />
-Most textures have a natural touch but still seem to repeat a [[motif (visual arts)|motif]] in some way. Regularly repeating a motif will result in a texture appearing as a [[pattern]].<ref name="Design Notes" />
-===Space===
-In design, space is concerned with the area deep within the moment of designated design, the design will take place on. For a two-dimensional design, space concerns creating the illusion of a third dimension on a flat surface:<ref name="Design Notes" />
-*Overlap is the effect where objects appear to be on top of each other. This illusion makes the top element look closer to the observer. There is no way to determine the depth of the space, only the order of closeness.
-*Shading adds gradiation marks to make an object of a two-dimensional surface seem three-dimensional.
-*Highlight, Transitional Light, Core of the Shadow, Reflected Light, and Cast Shadow give an object a three-dimensional look.<ref name="Design Notes" />
-*Linear Perspective is the concept relating to how an object seems smaller the farther away it gets.
-*Atmospheric Perspective is based on how air acts as a filter to change the appearance of distant objects.
-===Form===
-Form may be described as any [[three-dimensional]] object. Form can be measured, from top to bottom (height), side to side (width), and from back to front (depth). Form is also defined by light and dark. It can be defined by the presence of shadows on surfaces or faces of an object. There are two types of form, geometric (man-made) and natural (organic form). Form may be created by the combining of two or more shapes. It may be enhanced by tone, texture and color. It can be illustrated or constructed.
-==Principles of design==
-{{Also|Gestalt laws of grouping}}
-Principles applied to the '''elements of design''' that bring them together into one design. How one applies these principles determines how successful a design may be.<ref name="John L" />
-===Unity/harmony===
-According to Alex White, author of ''The Elements of Graphic Design'', to achieve visual unity is a main goal of graphic design. When all elements are in agreement, a design is considered unified. No individual part is viewed as more important than the whole design. A good balance between unity and variety must be established to avoid a chaotic or a lifeless design.<ref name=C>{{cite book|last=White|first=Alex|title=The Elements of Graphic Design|year=2011|publisher=Allworth Press|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-1-58115-762-8|pages=81–105}}</ref>
-====Methods====
-*Perspective: sense of distance between elements.
-*Similarity: ability to seem repeatable with other elements.
-*Continuation: the sense of having a line or pattern extend.
-*Repetition: elements being copied or mimicked numerous times.
-*Rhythm: is achieved when recurring position, size, color, and use of a graphic element has a focal point interruption.
-*Altering the basic theme achieves unity and helps keep interest.
-===Balance===
-It is a state of equalized tension and equilibrium, which may not always be calm.<ref name="C"/>
-====Types====
-[[File:Cams.svg|thumb|The top image has symmetrical balance and the bottom image has asymmetrical balance]]
-* [[Symmetry]]
-* Asymmetrical balance produces an informal balance that is attention attracting and dynamic.
-* Radial balance is arranged around a central element. The elements placed in a radial balance seem to 'radiate' out from a central point in a circular fashion.
-* Overall is a mosaic form of balance which normally arises from too many elements being put on a page. Due to the lack of hierarchy and contrast, this form of balance can look noisy but sometimes quiet.
-===Hierarchy===
-A good design contains elements that lead the reader through each element in order of its significance. The type and images should be expressed starting from most important to the least important.
-===Scale/proportion===
-Using the relative size of elements against each other can attract attention to a focal point. When elements are designed larger than life, scale is being used to show drama.<ref name="C"/>
-===Dominance/emphasis===
-Dominance is created by contrasting size, positioning, color, style, or shape.The focal point should dominate the design with scale and contrast without sacrificing the unity of the whole.<ref name="C"/>
-===Similarity and contrast===
-Planning a consistent and similar design is an important aspect of a designer's work to make their focal point visible. Too much similarity is boring but without similarity important elements will not exist and an image without contrast is uneventful so the key is to find the balance between similarity and contrast.<ref name=C />
-====Similar environment====
-There are several ways to develop a similar environment:<ref name=C />
-*Build a unique internal organization structure.
-*Manipulate shapes of images and text to correlate together.
-*Express continuity from page to page in publications. Items to watch include headers, themes, borders, and spaces.
-*Develop a [[style manual]] and adhere to it.
-====Contrasts====
-*Space
-**Filled / Empty
-**Near / Far
-**2-D / 3-D
-*Position
-**Left / Right
-**Isolated / Grouped
-**Centered / Off-Center
-**Top / Bottom
-*Form
-**Simple / Complex
-**Beauty / Ugly
-**Whole / Broken
-*Direction
-**Stability / Movement
-*Structure
-**Organized / Chaotic
-**Mechanical / Hand-Drawn
-*Size
-**Large / Small
-**Deep / Shallow
-**Fat / Thin
-*Color
-**Grey scale / Color
-**Black & White / Color
-**Light / Dark
-*Texture
-**Fine / Coarse
-**Smooth / Rough
-**Sharp / Dull
-*Density
-**Transparent / Opaque
-**Thick / Thin
-**Liquid / Solid
-*Gravity
-**Light / Heavy
-**Stable / Unstable
-Movement is the path the viewer’s eye takes through the artwork, often to focal areas. Such movement can be directed along lines edges, shape and color within the artwork, and more.
-==See also==
-{{Portal|Design}}
-* [[Composition (visual arts)]]
-* [[Interior design]]
-* [[Landscape design]]
-* [[Pattern language]]
-* [[Elements of art]]
-* [[Principles of art]]
-* [[Color theory]]
-==Notes==
-{{Reflist}}
-==References==
-*Kilmer, R., & Kilmer, W. O. (1992). Designing Interiors. Orland, FL: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. {{ISBN|978-0-03-032233-4}}.
-*Nielson, K. J., & Taylor, D. A. (2002). Interiors: An Introduction. New York: [[McGraw-Hill|McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.]]  {{ISBN|978-0-07-296520-9}}
-*Pile, J.F. (1995; fourth edition, 2007). Interior Design. New York: [[Harry N. Abrams, Inc.]]  {{ISBN|978-0-13-232103-7}}
-*Sully, Anthony (2012). ''Interior Design: Theory and Process''. London: Bloomsbury. {{ISBN|978-1-4081-5202-7}}.
-==External links==
-{{Sisterlinks}}
-*[http://char.txa.cornell.edu/first.htm Art, Design, and Visual Thinking]. An online, interactive textbook by Charlotte Jirousek at Cornell University.
-*[http://visual.ly/6-principles-design The 6 Principles of Design]
-{{Design}}
-{{DEFAULTSORT:Design Elements And Principles}}
-[[Category:Design]]