Capreolinae: Difference between revisions

Capreolinae; Temporal range: Middle Miocene to present
	Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla
Family:	Cervidae
Subfamily:	Capreolinae; Brookes, 1828
Genera
	Alces; Blastocerus; Capreolus; Hippocamelus; Hydropotes; Mazama; Odocoileus; Ozotoceros; Pudella; Pudu; Rangifer;
Synonyms
	Odocoileinae

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The Capreolinae, Odocoileinae, or the New World deer are a subfamily of deer. Alternatively, they are known as the telemetacarpal deer, due to their bone structure being different from the plesiometacarpal deer subfamily Cervinae. The telemetacarpal deer maintain their distal lateral metacarpals, while the plesiometacarpal deer maintain only their proximal lateral metacarpals.^[1] The Capreolinae are believed to have originated in the Middle Miocene, between 7.7 and 11.5 million years ago, in Central Asia.^[2]

Although this subfamily is called New World deer in English, it includes reindeer, moose, and roe deer, all of which live in Eurasia in the Old World.

Classification

The following extant genera and species are recognized:^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

Tribe Capreolini
- Genus Capreolus
  - Western roe deer (C. capreolus)
  - Eastern roe deer (C. pygargus)
- Genus Hydropotes
  - Water deer (H. inermis)
Tribe Alceini
- Genus Alces
  - Moose or Eurasian elk (A. alces)
  - †Gallic moose (A. gallicus)
Tribe Odocoileini
- Genus Rangifer
  - Caribou/reindeer (R. tarandus)
- Genus Odocoileus
  - Mule deer (O. hemionus)
  - White-tailed deer (O. virginianus)
  - Yucatan brown brocket (O. pandora)
  - †American mountain deer (O. lucasi)
- Genus Blastocerus
  - Marsh deer (B. dichotomus)
- Genus Hippocamelus
  - Taruca (H. antisensis)
  - South Andean deer or huemul (H. bisulcus)
- Genus Mazama
  - Gray brocket (M. gouazoubira)
  - Northern Venezuelan brocket (M. cita, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
  - Ecuador brocket (M. murelia, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
  - Isla San Jose brocket (M. permira, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
  - Colombian brocket (M. sanctaemartae, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
  - Brazilian brocket (M. superciliaris, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
  - Peruvian brocket (M. tschudii, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
  - Rodon (M. rondoni, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
  - Amazonian brown brocket (M. nemorivaga)
  - Central American red brocket (M. temama)
  - Small red brocket or bororo (M. bororo)
  - Dwarf brocket (M. chunyi)
  - Pygmy brocket (M. nana)
  - Merida brocket (M. bricenii)
  - Little red brocket (M. rufina)
  - American red brocket (M. americana) (This species has found to be closer to Odocoileus than other brockets.)^[6]
  - Ecuador red brocket (Mazama gualea, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. americana)
  - Brazilian red brocket (M. jucunda, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. americana)
  - Yucatan brown brocket (M. pandora)
  - Trinidad red brocket (M. trinitatis, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. americana)
  - Southern red brocket (Mazama whitelyi, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. americana)
  - Peruvian red brocket (Mazama zamora, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. americana)
  - Colombian red brocket (Mazama zetta, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. americana)
- Genus Ozotoceros
  - Pampas deer (O. bezoarticus)
- Genus Pudella
  - Peruvian Yungas pudu (Pudella carlae)
  - Northern pudu (P. mephistophiles)
- Genus Pudu
  - Southern pudu (P. pudu)

Extinct genera

†Agalmaceros
†Antifer
†Bretzia
†Cervalces
- †C. carnutorum
- †C. scotti
- †C. latifrons
†Eocoileus^{[citation needed]}
†Libralces
†Morenelaphus
†Pavlodaria^{[citation needed]}
†Procapreolus^{[citation needed]}
†Torontoceros

References

^ Azanza, B.; Rossner, G. & Ortiz-Jaureguizar E. (2013). "The early Turolian (late Miocene) Cervidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the fossil site of Dron-Durkheim 1 (German) and implications on the origin of crown cervids". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 93 (1): 217–258. Bibcode:2013PdPe...93..217A. doi:10.1007/s12549-013-0118-8. hdl:11336/13861. S2CID 129071065.
^ Gilbert, C.; Ropiquet, A.; Hassanin A. (July 2006). "Mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies of Cervidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia): Systematics, morphology, and biogeography". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 40 (1): 101–117. Bibcode:2006MolPE..40..101G. doi:10.1016/J.Ympev.2006.02.017. PMID 16584894.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ Randi, E.; Mucci, N.; et al. (February 2001). "A mitochondrial DNA control region phylogeny of the Cervinae: speciation in Cervus and implications for conservation". Animal Conservation. 4 (1): 1–11. Bibcode:2001AnCon...4....1R. doi:10.1017/S1367943001001019. S2CID 86572236.
^ Pitraa, C.; Fickel, J.; et al. (December 2004). "Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33 (3): 880–895. Bibcode:2004MolPE..33..880P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.013. PMID 15522810.
^ Alvarez D. (2007)^{[full citation needed]}
^ ^a ^b Duarte, J.M.B.; González, S.; Maldonado, J.E. (October 2008). "The surprising evolutionary history of South American deer". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 49 (1): 17–22. Bibcode:2008MolPE..49...17D. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.009. PMID 18675919.
^ "A new perspective on Ungulate Taxonomy". Archived from the original on 2012-12-01. Retrieved 2013-01-23.

[1] Azanza, B.; Rossner, G. & Ortiz-Jaureguizar E. (2013). "The early Turolian (late Miocene) Cervidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the fossil site of Dron-Durkheim 1 (German) and implications on the origin of crown cervids". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 93 (1): 217–258. Bibcode:2013PdPe...93..217A. doi:10.1007/s12549-013-0118-8. hdl:11336/13861. S2CID 129071065.

[2] Gilbert, C.; Ropiquet, A.; Hassanin A. (July 2006). "Mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies of Cervidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia): Systematics, morphology, and biogeography". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 40 (1): 101–117. Bibcode:2006MolPE..40..101G. doi:10.1016/J.Ympev.2006.02.017. PMID 16584894.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[Randi2001-3] Randi, E.; Mucci, N.; et al. (February 2001). "A mitochondrial DNA control region phylogeny of the Cervinae: speciation in Cervus and implications for conservation". Animal Conservation. 4 (1): 1–11. Bibcode:2001AnCon...4....1R. doi:10.1017/S1367943001001019. S2CID 86572236.

[Pitraa2004-4] Pitraa, C.; Fickel, J.; et al. (December 2004). "Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33 (3): 880–895. Bibcode:2004MolPE..33..880P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.013. PMID 15522810.

[Alvarez2007-5] Alvarez D. (2007)^{[full citation needed]}

[Duarte2008-6] Duarte, J.M.B.; González, S.; Maldonado, J.E. (October 2008). "The surprising evolutionary history of South American deer". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 49 (1): 17–22. Bibcode:2008MolPE..49...17D. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.009. PMID 18675919.

[7] "A new perspective on Ungulate Taxonomy". Archived from the original on 2012-12-01. Retrieved 2013-01-23.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Subfamily of mammals}}
 {{Automatic taxobox
 | name = Capreolinae
-| fossil_range = [[Late Pliocene]] to present
+| fossil_range = Middle [[Miocene]] to present
 | image = Mule deer in Bryce NP.jpg
 | image_caption = [[Mule deer]] (''Odocoileus hemionus'')
 | taxon = Capreolinae
 | authority = [[Joshua Brookes|Brookes]], 1828
 | subdivision_ranks = Genera
 | subdivision =
-*†''[[Agalmaceros]]''
 *''[[Moose|Alces]]''
+*''[[Marsh deer|Blastocerus]]''
 *''[[Capreolus]]''
+*''[[Hippocamelus]]''
 *''[[Water deer|Hydropotes]]''
-*''[[Reindeer|Rangifer]]''
-*''[[Hippocamelus]]''
 *''[[Brocket deer|Mazama]]''
 *''[[Odocoileus]]''
-*''[[Marsh deer|Blastocerus]]''
 *''[[Ozotoceros]]''
+*''[[Pudella]]''
 *''[[Pudú|Pudu]]''
+*''[[Reindeer|Rangifer]]''
 | synonyms = Odocoileinae
 }}
-The '''Capreolinae''',  '''Odocoileinae''', or the '''New World deer''' are a [[subfamily]] of [[deer]]. Alternatively, they are known as the '''telemetacarpal deer''', due to their bone structure being different from the plesiometacarpal deer subfamily [[Cervinae]]. The telemetacarpal deer maintain their distal lateral [[metacarpal bones|metacarpals]], while the plesiometacarpal deer maintain only their proximal lateral metacarpals.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Azanza, B.|author2=Rossner, G.|author3=Ortiz-Jaureguizar E.|last-author-amp=yes|year=2013|title=The early Turolian (late Miocene) Cervidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the fossil site of Dron-Durkheim 1 (German) and implications on the origin of crown cervids|journal=Paleobiodiversity and Paleoenvironments|volume=93|pages=217–258|doi=10.1007/S12549-013-0118-1|issue=1|doi-broken-date=2018-09-11}}</ref>
+The '''Capreolinae''',  '''Odocoileinae''', or the '''New World deer''' are a [[subfamily]] of [[deer]]. Alternatively, they are known as the '''telemetacarpal deer''', due to their bone structure being different from the plesiometacarpal deer subfamily [[Cervinae]]. The telemetacarpal deer maintain their distal lateral [[metacarpal bones|metacarpals]], while the plesiometacarpal deer maintain only their proximal lateral metacarpals.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Azanza, B.|author2=Rossner, G.|author3=Ortiz-Jaureguizar E.|name-list-style=amp|year=2013|title=The early Turolian (late Miocene) Cervidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the fossil site of Dron-Durkheim 1 (German) and implications on the origin of crown cervids|journal= Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments|volume=93|pages=217–258|doi=10.1007/s12549-013-0118-8|issue=1|bibcode=2013PdPe...93..217A |s2cid=129071065|hdl=11336/13861|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
-The Capreolinae are believed to have originated in the Late [[Miocene]], between 7.7 and 11.5 million years ago, in central Asia.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Gilbert, C.|author2=Ropiquet, A.|author3=Hassanin A. |title=Mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies of Cervidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia): Systematics, morphology, and biogeography |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |date=July 2006 |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=101–117 |doi=10.1016/J.Ympev.2006.02.017 |pmid=16584894}}{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
+The Capreolinae are believed to have originated in the Middle [[Miocene]], between 7.7 and 11.5 million years ago, in [[Central Asia]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Gilbert, C.|author2=Ropiquet, A.|author3=Hassanin A. |title=Mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies of Cervidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia): Systematics, morphology, and biogeography |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |date=July 2006 |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=101–117 |doi=10.1016/J.Ympev.2006.02.017 |pmid=16584894|bibcode=2006MolPE..40..101G }}{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
-Although this subfamily is called New World deer in English, it includes [[reindeer]], [[moose]], and [[roe deer]], all of which live in Eurasia.
+Although this subfamily is called New World deer in English, it includes [[reindeer]], [[moose]], and [[roe deer]], all of which live in Eurasia in the Old World.
 ==Classification==
+The following extant genera and species are recognized:<ref name=Randi2001>{{cite journal |last1= Randi |first1= E. |last2= Mucci |first2= N. |display-authors=etal |date= February 2001 |title= A mitochondrial DNA control region phylogeny of the Cervinae: speciation in ''Cervus'' and implications for conservation |journal= Animal Conservation |volume= 4 |issue= 1 |pages= 1–11 |doi= 10.1017/S1367943001001019|bibcode= 2001AnCon...4....1R |s2cid= 86572236 }}</ref><ref name=Pitraa2004>{{cite journal |last1= Pitraa |first1= C. |last2= Fickel |first2= J. |display-authors=etal |date= December 2004 |title= Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer  |journal= Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume= 33 |issue= 3 |pages= 880–895 |doi= 10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.013|pmid= 15522810 |bibcode= 2004MolPE..33..880P }}</ref><ref name=Alvarez2007>Alvarez D. (2007){{full|date=May 2021}}</ref><ref name=Duarte2008>{{cite journal |last1= Duarte |first1= J.M.B. |last2= González |first2= S. |last3= Maldonado |first3= J.E. |date= October 2008 |title= The surprising evolutionary history of South American deer |journal= Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume= 49 |issue= 1 |pages= 17–22 |doi= 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.009|pmid= 18675919 |bibcode= 2008MolPE..49...17D }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ultimateungulate.com/NewTaxonomy.html |title=A new perspective on Ungulate Taxonomy |access-date=2013-01-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201013518/http://www.ultimateungulate.com/NewTaxonomy.html |archive-date=2012-12-01 }}</ref>
-The list is based on the studies of Randi, Mucci, Claro-Hergueta, Bonnet and Douzery (2001); Pitraa, Fickela, Meijaard, Groves (2004); Ludt, Schroeder, Rottmann and Kuehn (2004); Hernandez-Fernandez and Vrba (2005); Groves (2006); Ruiz-Garcia, M., Randi, E., Martinez-Aguero, M. and Alvarez D. (2007); Duarte, J.M.B., Gonzalez, S. and Maldonado, J.E. (2008)
 * Tribe [[Capreolini]]
-** Genus ''[[Alces]]''
-*** [[Moose|Moose or Eurasian elk]] (''A. alces'')
 ** Genus ''[[Capreolus]]''
 *** [[Roe deer|Western roe deer]] (''C. capreolus'')
 *** [[Siberian roe deer|Eastern roe deer]] (''C. pygargus'')
+**Genus ''[[Hydropotes]]''
-* Tribe [[Rangiferini]] (reindeer and New World deer)
+*** [[Water deer]] (''H. inermis'')
+* Tribe [[Alceini]]
+**Genus ''[[Alces]]''
+*** [[Moose|Moose or Eurasian elk]] (''A. alces'')
+*** †[[Alces gallicus|Gallic moose]] (''A. gallicus'')
+* Tribe [[Odocoileini]]
 ** Genus ''[[Reindeer|Rangifer]]''
 *** [[Reindeer|Caribou/reindeer]] (''R. tarandus'')
-** Genus †''[[Agalmaceros]]''
+** Genus ''[[Odocoileus]]''
-*** †''[[Agalmaceros blicki]]''
+*** [[Mule deer]] (''O. hemionus'')
+*** [[White-tailed deer]] (''O. virginianus'')
+*** [[Yucatan brown brocket]] (''O. pandora'')
+*** †[[American mountain deer]] (''O. lucasi'')
+** Genus ''[[Blastocerus]]''
+*** [[Marsh deer]] (''B. dichotomus'')
 ** Genus ''[[Hippocamelus]]''
 *** [[Taruca]] (''H. antisensis'')
@@ Line 55: / Line 64: @@
 *** [[Amazonian brown brocket]] (''M. nemorivaga'')
 *** [[Central American red brocket]] (''M. temama'')
-*** [[Yucatan brown brocket]] (''M. pandora'')
 *** [[Small red brocket]] or bororo (''M. bororo'')
 *** [[Dwarf brocket]] (''M. chunyi'')
@@ Line 61: / Line 69: @@
 *** [[Merida brocket]] (''M. bricenii'')
 *** [[Little red brocket]] (''M. rufina'')
+*** [[Red brocket|American red brocket]] (''M. americana'') (This species has found to be closer to ''[[Odocoileus]]'' than other brockets.)<ref name=Duarte2008/>
-*** [[Red brocket|American red brocket]] (''M. americana'') (This species has found to be closer to ''[[Odocoileus]]'' than other brockets.)<ref>{{cite journal|author=Duarte, J. M. B.|author2=González, S.|author3=Maldonado, J. E.|last-author-amp=yes |year=2008 |title=The surprising evolutionary history of South American deer |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=49 |pages=17–22 |pmid=18675919 |url=http://nationalzoo.si.edu/publications/scientificpublications/pdfs/232ee5c5-807f-48de-8efc-b49c347d471b.pdf |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.009 |issue=1 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209034118/http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Publications/ScientificPublications/pdfs/232EE5C5-807F-48DE-8EFC-B49C347D471B.pdf |archivedate=2012-02-09 |df= }}</ref>
 *** [[Red brocket|Ecuador red brocket]] (''Mazama gualea'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
 *** [[Red brocket|Brazilian red brocket]] (''M. jucunda'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
+*** [[Yucatan brown brocket]] (''M. pandora'')
 *** [[Red brocket|Trinidad red brocket]] (''M. trinitatis'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
 *** [[Red brocket|Southern red brocket]] (''Mazama whitelyi'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
 *** [[Red brocket|Peruvian red brocket]] (''Mazama zamora'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
 *** [[Red brocket|Colombian red brocket]] (''Mazama zetta'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
-** Genus ''[[Blastocerus]]''
-*** [[Marsh deer]] (''B. dichotomus'')
 ** Genus ''[[Ozotoceros]]''
 *** [[Pampas deer]] (''O. bezoarticus'')
+** Genus ''Pudella''
+*** [[Pudella carlae|Peruvian Yungas pudu]] (''Pudella carlae'')
+*** [[Northern pudu]] (''P. mephistophiles'')
 ** Genus ''[[Pudú|Pudu]]''
-*** [[Northern pudu]] (''P. mephistophiles'')
 *** [[Southern pudu]] (''P. pudu'')
+===Extinct genera===
-** Genus ''[[Odocoileus]]''
+*†''[[Agalmaceros]]''
-*** [[White-tailed deer]] (''O. virginianus'')
+*†''[[Antifer]]''
-*** [[Mule deer]] (''O. hemionus'')
+*†''[[Bretzia]]''
+*†''[[Cervalces]]''
+** †''[[Cervalces carnutorum|C. carnutorum]]''
+** †''[[Cervalces scotti|C. scotti]]''
+** †''[[Cervalces latifrons|C. latifrons]]''
+*†''[[Eocoileus]]''{{cn|date=April 2023}}
+*†''[[Libralces]]''
+*†''[[Morenelaphus]]''
+*†''[[Pavlodaria]]''{{cn|date=April 2023}}
+*†''[[Procapreolus]]''{{cn|date=April 2023}}
+*†''[[Torontoceros]]''
 == References ==
+{{Reflist}}
-<references />
 {{Artiodactyla|R.1}}
 {{Taxonbar|from=Q118722}}
+[[Category:Capreolinae| ]]
 [[Category:Deer]]
 [[Category:Taxa named by Joshua Brookes]]
 [[Category:Mammal subfamilies]]
-{{eventoedungulate-stub}}