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'''Vision restoration therapy''' ('''VRT''') is a noninvasive form of [[vision therapy]] which claims to increase the size of the [[visual fields]] in those with [[hemianopia]].<ref name=Alex2017/> It, however, is of unclear benefit as of 2017 and is not part of standardized treatment approaches.<ref name=Alex2017>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.ncl.2016.08.010 |pmid=27886894|year=2017|last1=Frolov|first1=A.|title=Homonymous Hemianopia and Vision Restoration Therapy|journal=Neurologic Clinics|volume=35|issue=1|pages=29–43|last2=Feuerstein|first2=J.|last3=Subramanian|first3=P. S.}}</ref> |
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{{Advert|date=December 2011}} |
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{{primary sources|date=January 2012}} |
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'''Vision restoration therapy''' ('''VRT''') is a noninvasive, nonsurgical form of [[vision therapy]].<ref name=A0A1>{{cite journal | last1 = Caplan | first1 = L. R. | last2 = Firlik | first2 = A. | last3 = Newman | first3 = N. J. | last4 = Pless | first4 = M. | last5 = Romano | first5 = J. G. | last6 = Schatz | first6 = N. | year = 2005 | title = Vision restoration therapy. [Letter] | url = | journal = British Journal of Ophthalmology | volume = 89 | issue = 9| pages = 1229–1229 | doi = 10.1136/bjo.2005.069773 | pmc = 1772830 }}</ref> This therapy was developed by Bernhard Sabel, Ph.D. The phenomenon underlying the therapy is visual [[neuroplasticity]].<ref name=A0A3>Frequently Asked Questions: Vision Restoration Therapy: Vision Rehab after Stroke or TBI. (2007). Retrieved November 12, 2010 from NovaVision, www.novavision.com: http://www.novavision.com</ref> |
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==Description of therapy== |
==Description of therapy== |
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Vision restoration therapy (VRT) is a computer-based treatment |
Vision restoration therapy (VRT) is a computer-based treatment which claims to help with [[visual field]] defects regain visual functions through repetitive light stimulation.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Kasten | first1 = E | last2 = Wuest | first2 = S | last3 = Behrens-Baumann | first3 = W | last4 = Sabel | first4 = BA | year = 1998 | title = Computer-based training for the treatment of partial blindness | journal = Nature Medicine | volume = 4 | issue = 9| pages = 1083–1087 | doi=10.1038/2079| pmid = 9734406 | s2cid = 19167193 }}</ref><ref>Marshall RS, Ferrera JJ, Barnes A, Zhang X, O'Brien KA, Chmayssani M, Hirsch J, Lazar RM (2007). Brain activity associated with stimulation therapy of the visual border- zone in hemianopic stroke patients. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair; 22(2): 136-144</ref> |
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Patterns of visual field loss depend on the injury, but the most common are [[hemianopia]], loss of an entire hemisphere of vision; quadrantanopia, loss of a quadrant of vision; and scotoma, loss of an irregular section of vision.<ref name=A0A2/> The main characteristics of these visual field losses is that they persist in both eyes, and therefore, one eye cannot compensate for the deficit in the other eye. |
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| ⚫ | As the device used in VRT is similar to the DynaVision 2000 that already exist the [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) allowed an indication for use "...the diagnosis and improvement of visual functions in patients with impaired vision that may result from trauma, stroke, inflammation, surgical removal of brain tumors or brain surgery, and may also be used to improve visual function in patients with amblyopia".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cdrh_docs/pdf2/K023623.pdf |title=X. 51O(k) Summary |website=FDA |access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref> |
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Before the development of VRT, there was no therapy available to improve the range or sensitivity of the patient's affected field of vision – patients were often told they "had to live with" their deficits. However, similar to recovery from motor deficits after brain injury, where repetitive stimulation has proven effective in recovery of patient functions such as movements of lower limbs, systematic repetitive visual training can also lead to increased visual sensitivity and recovery of function. To date the concept of improving vision in patients with repeated stimulation has been confirmed by a number of independent laboratories, and extended to a range of techniques. These include using moving stimuli (Krystal Huxlin, University of Rochester); flickering dots stimuli at sighted/blind field borders (Laura Julkunen, University of Turku; And D P Bergsma, Utrecht), and flashing large patterns deep in the blind field (Arash Sahraie, University of Aberdeen). In addition, VRT has been shown effective in more than 20 clinical studies where the repeated stimulation of the blind and transition areas has led to improved visual sensitivity.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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* Plow EB, Obretenova SN, Fregni F, Pascual-Leone A, Merabet LB (2012). Comparison of Visual Field Training for Hemianopia With Active Versus Sham Transcranial Direct Cortical Stimulation. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair; 20 (10): 1–11 |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Huxlin | first1 = KR | last2 = Martin | first2 = T | last3 = Kelly | first3 = K | last4 = Riley | first4 = M | last5 = Friedman | first5 = DI | last6 = Burgin | first6 = WS | last7 = Hayhoe | first7 = M | year = 2009 | title = Perceptual relearning of complex visual motion after V1 damage in humans | url = | journal = The Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 29 | issue = 13| pages = 3981–91 | doi=10.1523/jneurosci.4882-08.2009| pmc = 2825043 }} |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Das | first1 = A | last2 = Tadin | first2 = D | last3 = Huxlin | first3 = KR | year = 2014 | title = Beyond blindsight: properties of visual relearning in cortically blind fields | url = | journal = The Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 34 | issue = 35| pages = 11652–64 | doi=10.1523/jneurosci.1076-14.2014| pmc = 4145170 }} |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Julkunen | first1 = L | last2 = Tenovuo | first2 = O | last3 = Vorobyev | first3 = V | display-authors = 3 | last4 = et al | year = 2006 | title = Functional brain imaging, clinical and neurophysiological outcome of visual rehabilitation in a chronic stroke patient | url = | journal = Restor Neurol Neurosci | volume = 24 | issue = | pages = 123–132 }} |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Julkunen | first1 = L | last2 = Tenovuo | first2 = O | last3 = Jääskeläinen | first3 = S | last4 = Hämäläinen | first4 = H | year = 2003 | title = Rehabilitation of chronic post-stroke visual field defect with computer-assisted training | url = | journal = Restor Neurol Neurosci | volume = 21 | issue = | pages = 19–28 }} |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Bergsma | first1 = DP | last2 = van der Wildt | first2 = G | year = 2010 | title = Visual Training of Cerebral Blindness patients gradually enlarges the visual field | url = | journal = Br J Ophthalmol | volume = 94 | issue = | pages = 88–96 | doi=10.1136/bjo.2008.154336}} |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Raemaekers | first1 = M | last2 = Bergsma | first2 = DP | last3 = van Wezel | first3 = RJ | last4 = van der Wildt | first4 = GJ | display-authors = 4 | last5 = et al | year = 2011 | title = Effects of vision restoration training on early visual cortex in patients with cerebral blindness investigated with functional magnetic resonance imaging | url = | journal = Journal of Neurophysiology | volume = 105 | issue = 2| pages = 872–82 | doi=10.1152/jn.00308.2010}} |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Trevethan | first1 = CT | last2 = Urquhart | first2 = J | last3 = Ward | first3 = R | last4 = Gentleman | first4 = D | last5 = Sahraie | first5 = A | year = 2012 | title = Evidence for perceptual learning with repeated stimulation after partial and total cortical blindness | url = | journal = Advances in Cognitive Psychology | volume = 8 | issue = 1| pages = 29–37 | doi=10.5709/acp-0099-8}} |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Sahraie | first1 = A | year = 2010 | title = Improved detection following Neuro-Eye Therapy in patients with post-geniculate brain damage | url = | journal = Experimental Brain Research | volume = 206 | issue = 1| pages = 25–34 | doi=10.1007/s00221-010-2395-z}} |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Romano | first1 = JG | last2 = Schulz | first2 = P | last3 = Kenkel | first3 = S | last4 = Todd | first4 = DP | year = 2008 | title = Visual field changes after a rehabilitation intervention: Vision restoration therapy | url = | journal = Journal of the Neurological Sciences | volume = 273 | issue = 1–2| pages = 70–74 | doi=10.1016/j.jns.2008.06.026}} |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Mueller | first1 = I | last2 = Mast | first2 = H | last3 = Sabel | first3 = BA | year = 2007 | title = Recovery of visual field defects: A large clinical observational study using vision restoration therapy | url = | journal = Restor Neurol Neurosci | volume = 25 | issue = 5–6| pages = 563–572 }} |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Reinhard | first1 = J | last2 = Schreiber | first2 = A | last3 = Schiefer | first3 = U | display-authors = 3 | last4 = et al | year = 2005 | title = Does visual restitution training change absolute homonymous visual field defects? A fundus controlled study | url = | journal = Br J Ophthalmol | volume = 89 | issue = | pages = 30–35 | doi=10.1136/bjo.2003.040543| pmc = 1772456 }} |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Horton | first1 = JC | year = 2005 | title = Disappointing results from Nova Vision's visual restoration therapy | journal = Br J Ophthalmol | volume = 89 | issue = 1| pages = 1–2 | doi=10.1136/bjo.2004.058214 | pmid=15615733 | pmc=1772467}} |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Sabel | first1 = BA | year = 2006 | title = Vision restoration therapy and raising red flags too early | url = | journal = Br. J. Ophthalmol. | volume = 90 | issue = | pages = 659–660 }} |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Mueller | first1 = I | last2 = Poggel | first2 = DA | last3 = Kenkel | first3 = S | display-authors = 3 | last4 = et al | year = 2003 | title = Vision Restoration Therapy after brain damage: subjective improvements of activities of daily life and their relationship to visual field enlargements | url = | journal = Visual Impairment Research | volume = 5 | issue = | pages = 157–178 | doi=10.1080/1388235039048692}} |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Gall | first1 = C | display-authors = 1 | last2 = et al | year = 2008 | title = Vision- and health-related quality of life before and after vision restoration training in cerebrally damaged patients | url = | journal = Restor Neurol Neurosci | volume = 26 | issue = | pages = 341–353 }} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Vision Restoration Therapy}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vision Restoration Therapy}} |
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Latest revision as of 10:12, 27 September 2021
Vision restoration therapy (VRT) is a noninvasive form of vision therapy which claims to increase the size of the visual fields in those with hemianopia.[1] It, however, is of unclear benefit as of 2017 and is not part of standardized treatment approaches.[1]
Description of therapy
[edit]Vision restoration therapy (VRT) is a computer-based treatment which claims to help with visual field defects regain visual functions through repetitive light stimulation.[2][3]
As the device used in VRT is similar to the DynaVision 2000 that already exist the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allowed an indication for use "...the diagnosis and improvement of visual functions in patients with impaired vision that may result from trauma, stroke, inflammation, surgical removal of brain tumors or brain surgery, and may also be used to improve visual function in patients with amblyopia".[4]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Frolov, A.; Feuerstein, J.; Subramanian, P. S. (2017). "Homonymous Hemianopia and Vision Restoration Therapy". Neurologic Clinics. 35 (1): 29–43. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2016.08.010. PMID 27886894.
- ^ Kasten, E; Wuest, S; Behrens-Baumann, W; Sabel, BA (1998). "Computer-based training for the treatment of partial blindness". Nature Medicine. 4 (9): 1083–1087. doi:10.1038/2079. PMID 9734406. S2CID 19167193.
- ^ Marshall RS, Ferrera JJ, Barnes A, Zhang X, O'Brien KA, Chmayssani M, Hirsch J, Lazar RM (2007). Brain activity associated with stimulation therapy of the visual border- zone in hemianopic stroke patients. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair; 22(2): 136-144
- ^ "X. 51O(k) Summary" (PDF). FDA. Retrieved 4 October 2018.