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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
'''Ballot Initiative 937''' (official name '''Initiative measure no. 937''', known as '''I-937''') is a [[clean energy]] initiative that will appear on the ballot in the November, [[2006 elections]] in [[Washington]].
{{Infobox referendum
|name= Initiative measure no. 937
|title='''Clean Energy Initiative'''
|yes=1,042,679
|no=972,747
|map=File:2006 Washington initiative 937 results.svg
|mapcaption=Results by county:{{col-start}}{{col-2}}'''Yes:'''<br>{{legend|#b6c8d9|50–60%}}{{legend|#7D9CBB|60–70%}}{{col-2}}'''No:'''<br>{{legend|#DEDEBD|50–60%}}{{legend|#BCBC83|60–70%}}{{legend|#8B8B54|70–80%}}{{col-end}}
|invalid=
|notes=Source: [[Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=2006 Initiative General Election Results - Washington |url=https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?year=2006&off=62&elect=0&fips=53&f=0 |access-date=January 12, 2024 |website=David Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections}}</ref>}}
{{ElectionsWA}}
'''Ballot Initiative 937''' (official name '''Initiative measure no. 937''', known as '''I-937''') is a [[clean energy]] initiative passed in the [[United States|US]] state of [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]], appearing on the ballot in the November [[2006 elections]]. It passed with 52 percent of the vote.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/default.aspx/id/15652935/ |title= MSN|website=[[MSNBC]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071116051103/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/default.aspx/id/15652935/ |archive-date=November 16, 2007}}</ref>


==Content of the proposal==
==Content of the proposal==
The initiative proposes to require large [[Electric Utility|utilities]] to obtain 15% of their [[electricity]] from new [[renewable resource]]s such as [[solar energy|solar]] and [[wind energy|wind]] by 2020 and undertake cost-effective [[energy conservation]].<ref>[http://www.secstate.wa.gov/elections/initiatives/text/i937.pdf| Full text of Ballot Initiative 937]</ref>
The initiative requires large [[Electric Utility|utilities]] to obtain 15% of their [[electricity]] from new [[renewable resource]]s such as [[solar energy|solar]] and [[wind energy|wind]] (but excluding [[hydro power|hydro]]) by 2020 with incremental steps of 3% by 2012 and 9% by 2016. It also requires that utilities undertake all cost-effective [[energy conservation]].<ref>[http://www.secstate.wa.gov/elections/initiatives/text/i937.pdf Full text of Ballot Initiative 937] (.pdf)</ref>


==Precedents==
==Precedents==
Similar legislation has been enacted in at least 20 other states including the following. (The table is sorted by date and then by descending percentage. I-937 is included in bold for easy comparison.)
Similar legislation has been enacted in at least 20 other states including the following. (The table is sorted by date and then by descending percentage. I-937 is included in bold.)
{| class="wikitable sortable"
<table border="1" width="100%" id="table1">
|-
<tr>
! State
<th bgcolor="#99FF66">State</th>
! Name
<th bgcolor="#99FF66">Name</th>
<th bgcolor="#99FF66">Enacted</th>
! Enacted
<th bgcolor="#99FF66">Percentage</th>
! Percentage
! By
<th bgcolor="#99FF66">By</th>
<th bgcolor="#99FF66">Comments/Source</th>
! Comments/Source
|-
</tr>
| [[Maine]]
<tr>
|
<td>[[Maine]]</td>
|
<td>&nbsp;</td>
| 30%
<td>&nbsp;</td>
| 2000
<td>30%</td>
|
<td>2000</td>
|-
<td>&nbsp;</td>
| [[Arizona]]
</tr>
|
<tr>
|
<td>[[Arizona]]</td>
| 1.1%
<td>&nbsp;</td>
| 2007
<td>&nbsp;</td>
|
<td>1.1%</td>
|-
<td>2007</td>
| [[Massachusetts]]
<td>&nbsp;</td>
|
</tr>
|
<tr>
| 4%
<td>[[Massachusetts]]</td>
| 2009
<td>&nbsp;</td>
|
<td>&nbsp;</td>
|-
<td>4%</td>
| [[Connecticut]]
<td>2009</td>
|
<td>&nbsp;</td>
|
</tr>
| 10%
<tr>
| 2010
<td>[[Connecticut]]</td>
|
<td>&nbsp;</td>
|-
<td>&nbsp;</td>
| [[Iowa]]
<td>10%</td>
|
<td>2010</td>
|
<td>&nbsp;</td>
| ~10%
</tr>
| 2010
<tr>
|
<td>[[Iowa]]</td>
|-
<td>&nbsp;</td>
| [[New Mexico]]
<td>&nbsp;</td>
|
<td>~10%</td>
|
<td>2010</td>
| 10%
<td>&nbsp;</td>
| 2011
</tr>
|
<tr>
|-
<td>[[New Mexico]]</td>
| [[New York (state)|New York]]
<td>&nbsp;</td>
|
<td>&nbsp;</td>
|
<td>10%</td>
| 24%
<td>2011</td>
| 2013
<td>&nbsp;</td>
|
</tr>
|-
<tr>
| [[Nevada]]
<td>[[New York]]</td>
|
<td>&nbsp;</td>
|
<td>&nbsp;</td>
| 20%
<td>24%</td>
| 2015
<td>2013</td>
|
<td>&nbsp;</td>
|-
</tr>
| [[Minnesota]]
<tr>
|
<td>[[Nevada]]</td>
|
<td>&nbsp;</td>
| 19%
<td>&nbsp;</td>
| 2015
<td>20%</td>
|
<td>2015</td>
|-
<td>&nbsp;</td>
| [[Montana]]
</tr>
|
<tr>
|
<td>[[Minnesota]]</td>
| 15%
<td>&nbsp;</td>
| 2015
<td>&nbsp;</td>
|
<td>19%</td>
|-
<td>2015</td>
| [[Colorado]]
<td>&nbsp;</td>
| [[Colorado Amendment 37 (2004)|Amendment 37]]
</tr>
| 2004
<tr>
| 10%
<td>[[Montana]]</td>
| 2015
<td>&nbsp;</td>
| First ballot initiative<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/clean_energy_policies/the-colorado-renewable-energy-standard-ballot-initiative.html |title=The Colorado Renewable Energy Standard Ballot Initiative<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2006-10-26 |archive-date=2006-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061028145626/http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/clean_energy_policies/the-colorado-renewable-energy-standard-ballot-initiative.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
|-
<td>15%</td>
| [[Texas]]
<td>2015</td>
|
<td>&nbsp;</td>
|
</tr>
| ~4.2%
<tr>
| 2015
<td>[[Colorado]]</td>
| 5.88 GW
<td>Amendment 37</td>
|-
<td>2004 </td>
| [[California]]
<td>10%</td>
|
<td>2015</td>
|
<td>First ballot initiative<ref>http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/clean_energy_policies/the-colorado-renewable-energy-standard-ballot-initiative.html</ref></td>
| 20%
</tr>
| 2017
<tr>
|
<td>[[Texas]]</td>
|-
<td>&nbsp;</td>
| [[Rhode Island]]
<td>&nbsp;</td>
|
<td>~4.2%</td>
|
<td>2015</td>
| 16%
<td>5.88 GW</td>
| 2019
</tr>
|
<tr>
|-
<td>[[California]]</td>
| [[Delaware]]
<td>&nbsp;</td>
|
<td>&nbsp;</td>
|
<td>20%</td>
| 10%
<td>2017</td>
| 2019
<td>&nbsp;</td>
|
</tr>
|-
<tr>
| [[Maryland]]
<td>[[Rhode Island]]</td>
|
<td>&nbsp;</td>
|
<td>&nbsp;</td>
| 7.5%
<td>16%</td>
<td>2019</td>
| 2019
|
<td>&nbsp;</td>
|-
</tr>
| [[New Jersey]]
<tr>
|
<td>[[Delaware]]</td>
|
<td>&nbsp;</td>
| 22.5%
<td>&nbsp;</td>
| 2020
<td>10%</td>
|
<td>2019</td>
|-
<td>&nbsp;</td>
| [[Hawaii]]
</tr>
|
<tr>
|
<td>[[Maryland]]</td>
| 20%
<td>&nbsp;</td>
| 2020
<td>&nbsp;</td>
|
<td>7.5%</td>
|-
<td>2019</td>
| '''Washington'''
<td>&nbsp;</td>
| '''I-937'''
</tr>
|
<tr>
| '''15%'''
<td>[[New Jersey]]</td>
| '''2020'''
<td>&nbsp;</td>
|
<td>&nbsp;</td>
|-
<td>22.5%</td>
| [[Washington, D.C.]]
<td>2020</td>
|
<td>&nbsp;</td>
|
</tr>
| 11%
<tr>
| 2022
<td>[[Hawaii]]</td>
|
<td>&nbsp;</td>
|-
<td>&nbsp;</td>
| [[Pennsylvania]]
<td>20%</td>
|
<td>2020</td>
|
<td>&nbsp;</td>
| 8%
</tr>
| 2020
<tr>
|
<td>'''Washington'''</td>
|}
<td>'''I-937'''</td>
Unless indicated otherwise, data are from <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/clean_energy_policies/state-clean-energy-maps-and-graphs.html |title=State Clean Energy Maps and Graphs<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2006-10-26 |archive-date=2006-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061028150240/http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/clean_energy_policies/state-clean-energy-maps-and-graphs.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>'''15%'''</td>
<td>'''2020'''</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[D.C.]]</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>11%</td>
<td>2022</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Pennsylvania]]</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>8%</td>
<td>2020</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
</table>
Unless indicated otherwise, data are from <ref>http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/clean_energy_policies/state-clean-energy-maps-and-graphs.html</ref>


==Supporters==
==Supporters==
Supporters include the following:<ref>http://www.yeson937.org/content.jsp?content_KEY=1977</ref> (This list includes only names for which we have articles, organizations that represent a large number of people and high ranking elected officials.)
Supporters included the following:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.yeson937.org/content.jsp?content_KEY=1977 |title=Yes! On I-937 |access-date=2006-10-26 |archive-date=2006-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061104013315/http://www.yeson937.org/content.jsp?content_KEY=1977 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


Elected Officials
===Elected officials===
* U.S. Senators [[Maria Cantwell]] and [[Patty Murray]]
* U.S. Senators [[Maria Cantwell]] and [[Patty Murray]]
* U.S. Congressmen [[Jay Inslee]], [[Adam Smith]], [[Norm Dicks]] and [[Jim McDermott]]
* U.S. Congressmen [[Jay Inslee]], [[Adam Smith (Washington politician)|Adam Smith]], [[Norm Dicks]] and [[Jim McDermott]]
* State Senators [[Luke Esser]] (R), [[Dave Schmidt]] (R), [[Debbie Regala]] (D), [[Bill Finkbeiner]] (R), [[Erik Poulsen]] (D), [[Karen Fraser]] (D),[[Craig Pridemore]] (D), [[Jeanne Kohl-Welles]] (D), [[Karen Keiser ]] (D)
* State Senators [[Luke Esser]] (R), [[Dave Schmidt (politician)|Dave Schmidt]] (R), [[Debbie Regala]] (D), [[Bill Finkbeiner]] (R), [[Erik Poulsen (American politician)|Erik Poulsen]] (D), [[Karen Fraser]] (D), [[Craig Pridemore]] (D), [[Jeanne Kohl-Welles]] (D), [[Karen Keiser]] (D)
* State Representatives [[Toby Nixon]] (R), [[Zach Hudgins]] (D), [[Brian Sullivan]] (D), [[Fred Jarrett]] (R), [[Pat Sullivan]] (D), [[Geoff Simpson]] (D), [[Rodney Tom]] (D), [[Dave Upthegrove]] (D), [[Brendan Williams]] (D)
* State Representatives [[Toby Nixon]] (R), [[Zach Hudgins]] (D), [[Brian Sullivan (Washington politician, born 1958)|Brian J. Sullivan]] (D), [[Fred Jarrett]] (R), [[Pat Sullivan (politician)|Pat Sullivan]] (D), [[Geoff Simpson]] (D), [[Rodney Tom]] (D), [[Dave Upthegrove]] (D), [[Brendan Williams (politician)|Brendan Williams]] (D)
* [[King County]] Executive [[Ron Sims]]
* [[King County, Washington|King County]] Executive [[Ron Sims]]
* Seattle Mayor [[Greg Nickels]]
* Seattle Mayor [[Greg Nickels]]

Civic and political organizations
===Civic and political organizations===
* [[League of Women Voters]]
* [[League of Women Voters]]
* Kittitas Valley [[League of Women voters]]
* Kittitas Valley [[League of Women voters]]
* Washington State [[Democratic party|Democrats]]
* Washington State [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]]
* King County [[Young Democrats]]
* King County [[Young Democrats of America|Young Democrats]]
* [[Republicans for Environmental Protection]], Washington Chapter
* [[Republicans for Environmental Protection]], Washington Chapter
* [[Green Party]] of Washington State
* [[Green Party (United States)|Green Party]] of Washington State
* [[Peace Action]] for Washington
* [[Peace Action]] for Washington

Health organizations
===Health organizations===
* [[American Lung Association]]
* [[American Lung Association]]
* [[American Cancer Society]]
* [[American Cancer Society]]
* Washington [[Physicians for Social Responsibility]]
* Washington [[Physicians for Social Responsibility]]

Energy and Labor
===Energy and labor===
* Washington [[Public Utility District]]s Association
* Washington [[public utility district|Public Utility District]]s Association
* [[Washington State Labor Council]]
* [[Washington State Labor Council]]
* [[United Steelworkers]]
* [[United Steelworkers]]
* [[SEIU]] Washington State Council
* [[SEIU]] Washington State Council

* [[Apollo Alliance]]
===Environmental===
* [[Blue-Green Alliance]]
Environmental
* [[Denis Hayes]], Founder of [[Earth Day]]
* [[Denis Hayes]], Founder of [[Earth Day]]
* NW Energy Coalition
* [[Audubon Society]] Washington
* [[Audubon Society]] Washington
* [[The Mountaineers]]
* [[The Mountaineers (Pacific NW)|The Mountaineers]]
* [[Sierra Club]] - Cascade Chapter
* [[Sierra Club]] - Cascade Chapter
* Washington [[League of Conservation Voters|Conservation Voters]]
* Washington [[League of Conservation Voters|Conservation Voters]]
Line 224: Line 216:
* [[Natural Resources Defense Council]]
* [[Natural Resources Defense Council]]
* [[National Wildlife Federation]]
* [[National Wildlife Federation]]

Faith
===Faith===
* Earth Ministry
* [[Lutheran church|Lutheran Public Policy Office]] of Washington
* [[Lutheran church|Lutheran Public Policy Office]] of Washington
* [[Washington Association of Churches]]
* [[Washington Association of Churches]]
* [[Church Council]] of Greater Seattle
* Church Council of Greater Seattle
Newspapers
* The [[Seattle P-I]]
* [[The Olympian]]
* The [[Tacoma News Tribune]]
* [[The Stranger (newspaper)|The Stranger]]


===Newspapers===
* The ''[[Seattle P-I]]''
* ''[[The Olympian]]''
* The ''[[Tacoma News Tribune]]''
* ''[[The Stranger (newspaper)|The Stranger]]''


==Opponents==
==Opponents==
Opponents included many small co-op electrical providers (even though the initiative affects only utilities with greater than 25,000 customers) as well as the following:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nooni937.com/Endorsements.html |title=Domain Name Renewal and web hosting from Network Solutions |access-date=2006-10-26 |archive-date=2007-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070906085923/http://nooni937.com/Endorsements.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Opponents include the following:<ref>http://www.nooni937.com/Endorsements.html</ref> (This list includes only names for which we have articles, organizations that represent a large number of people and high ranking elected officials.)
* [http://www.bbec.org/home.html Big Bend Electrical Cooperative] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813113324/http://www.bbec.org/home.html |date=2006-08-13 }}

* [[Boeing]]
* [[Boeing]]
* [[Boise Cascade]]
* [[Boise Cascade]]
* Chamber of Commerces: Bellevue, Greater Seattle, Kelso-Longview, Pasco, Spokane Regional, Tacoma-Pierce County, Wenatchee Valley, West Richland Area
* [http://www.mewco.com Modern Electric Water Company]
* [[National Association of Manufacturers]]
* [[National Association of Manufacturers]]
* [http://www.penlight.org Peninsula Light Company]
* Representative [[Brian Blake]] (D)
* PUDs of Benton, Cowlitz, Franklin, Lewis, and Mason County.
* Representatives [[Brian Blake]] (D) and [[Dean Takko]]
* Senators [[Jean Berkey]] (D) and [[Mark Doumit|Mark L. Doumit]] (D)
* Senators [[Jean Berkey]] (D) and [[Mark Doumit|Mark L. Doumit]] (D)
* [http://tannerelectric.coop/site/index.php Tanner Electric Cooperative] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061205030821/http://tannerelectric.coop/site/index.php |date=2006-12-05 }}
* [[U.S. Chamber of Commerce]]
* [[U.S. Chamber of Commerce]]
* [[Washington Farm Bureau]]
* [http://www.wreca.coop Washington Rural Electric Cooperative Association]
* [[Weyerhaeuser]]
* [[Weyerhaeuser]]


Line 250: Line 251:


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://cted.wa.gov/_CTED/documents/ID_2521_Publications.doc Washington’s Primary Energy Consumption by Source] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003013438/http://www.cted.wa.gov/_CTED/documents/ID_2521_Publications.doc |date=2006-10-03 }} (.doc)
* [http://www.yeson937.org/ Yes on I-937]
* [http://www.nooni937.com/ No on I-937]
* [http://cted.wa.gov/_CTED/documents/ID_2521_Publications.doc Washington’s Primary Energy Consumption by Source]

{{WA2006Elections}}


[[Category:Energy policy]]
[[Category:Renewable energy policy in the United States]]
[[Category:Renewable energy]]
[[Category:2006 Washington (state) ballot measures]]
[[Category:Washington law]]
[[Category:Initiatives in the United States]]
[[Category:Referendum]]
[[Category:Washington elections, 2006]]

Latest revision as of 13:12, 2 August 2024

Initiative measure no. 937
Clean Energy Initiative
Results
Choice
 Votes %
Yes 1,042,679 51.73%
No 972,747 48.27%
Results by county:
Source: Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections[1]
Elections in Washington
Federal government
Presidential elections
Presidential primaries
Democratic
2004
2008
2012
2016
2020
2024
Republican
2008
2012
2016
2020
2024
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Attorney General elections
State Treasurer elections
State Auditor elections
Commissioner of Public Lands elections
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House of Representatives elections
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1972
276
2004
872
2006
920
933
937
4223
2007
67
2008
1000
2009
71
2012
74
502
1185
1240
2016
732
2018
1631
1639
2019
976
2024
2066
2109
2117
2124
Seattle
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Spokane
Mayoral elections

Ballot Initiative 937 (official name Initiative measure no. 937, known as I-937) is a clean energy initiative passed in the US state of Washington, appearing on the ballot in the November 2006 elections. It passed with 52 percent of the vote.[2]

Content of the proposal

[edit]

The initiative requires large utilities to obtain 15% of their electricity from new renewable resources such as solar and wind (but excluding hydro) by 2020 with incremental steps of 3% by 2012 and 9% by 2016. It also requires that utilities undertake all cost-effective energy conservation.[3]

Precedents

[edit]

Similar legislation has been enacted in at least 20 other states including the following. (The table is sorted by date and then by descending percentage. I-937 is included in bold.)

State Name Enacted Percentage By Comments/Source
Maine 30% 2000
Arizona 1.1% 2007
Massachusetts 4% 2009
Connecticut 10% 2010
Iowa ~10% 2010
New Mexico 10% 2011
New York 24% 2013
Nevada 20% 2015
Minnesota 19% 2015
Montana 15% 2015
Colorado Amendment 37 2004 10% 2015 First ballot initiative[4]
Texas ~4.2% 2015 5.88 GW
California 20% 2017
Rhode Island 16% 2019
Delaware 10% 2019
Maryland 7.5% 2019
New Jersey 22.5% 2020
Hawaii 20% 2020
Washington I-937 15% 2020
Washington, D.C. 11% 2022
Pennsylvania 8% 2020

Unless indicated otherwise, data are from [5]

Supporters

[edit]

Supporters included the following:[6]

Elected officials

[edit]

Civic and political organizations

[edit]

Health organizations

[edit]

Energy and labor

[edit]

Environmental

[edit]

Faith

[edit]

Newspapers

[edit]

Opponents

[edit]

Opponents included many small co-op electrical providers (even though the initiative affects only utilities with greater than 25,000 customers) as well as the following:[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "2006 Initiative General Election Results - Washington". David Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
  2. ^ "MSN". MSNBC. Archived from the original on November 16, 2007.
  3. ^ Full text of Ballot Initiative 937 (.pdf)
  4. ^ "The Colorado Renewable Energy Standard Ballot Initiative". Archived from the original on 2006-10-28. Retrieved 2006-10-26.
  5. ^ "State Clean Energy Maps and Graphs". Archived from the original on 2006-10-28. Retrieved 2006-10-26.
  6. ^ "Yes! On I-937". Archived from the original on 2006-11-04. Retrieved 2006-10-26.
  7. ^ "Domain Name Renewal and web hosting from Network Solutions". Archived from the original on 2007-09-06. Retrieved 2006-10-26.
[edit]
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