Imam Khomeini International Airport: Difference between revisions

Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport

فرودگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی
Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport; فرودگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی
	IATA: IKA; ICAO: OIIE;
Summary
Airport type	Public
Owner	Government of Iran
Operator	Imam Khomeini Airport City Company
Serves	Tehran metropolitan area
Location	Vahnabad, Tehran, Iran
Opened	30 April 2005; 19 years ago
Hub for	Iran Air; Iran Aseman Airlines; Mahan Air; Meraj Airlines; ATA Air;
Time zone	IRST (UTC+3:30)
Elevation AMSL	1,007 m / 3,305 ft
Coordinates	35°24′58″N 051°09′08″E / 35.41611°N 51.15222°E
Website	ikac.ir
Map
Runways
Statistics (21 March 2018–20 March 2019)
Aircraft movements
Aircraft movements	47,000
Passengers	7,270,000
Cargo (t)	142,000

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Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport (IATA: IKA, ICAO: OIIE) (Persian: فرودگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی) is the international airport of Tehran, the capital of Iran. It is located 2 kilometers (1 mi) of Vahnabad and 35 kilometres (22 miles) southwest of Tehran and is named for Ruhollah Khomeini, Iran's first supreme leader. The airport is operated by Imam Khomeini Airport City Company. It covers 13,400 hectares (33,000 acres) and has two terminals and two runways. All international flights into Tehran are served by the airport, and all domestic flights land at Mehrabad Airport. Imam Khomeini Airport is a hub for four airlines. As of the fiscal year ending on 20 March 2019, it ranked third in terms of passenger traffic in Iran.

The airport was conceived before the 1979 revolution, as Mehrabad Airport was becoming congested. It was scheduled to open in May 2004 under the management of Tepe-Akfen-Vie (TAV), a Turkish-Austrian consortium. However, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps shut it down soon after the first plane landed, citing security fears over allowing foreigners to run the airport. Conservatives in parliament said that TAV had business ties with Iran's enemy Israel. The company stated it had no relationship with the country. The airport reopened in April 2005 with four Iranian carriers in charge of operations. In 2019, a second terminal was completed.

Geography

The airport city is located at the end of Rabat Karim and Ray counties in Tehran province and under Vahnabad Rural District (formerly a part of it). During the construction of this airport, the southern village of Nodeh was integrated into the airport as a whole from the entire Vahnabad Rural District.^[1]

A large part of the land north of the airport (now under the northern belt of the airport city) consists of the land donated by local residents Hasan Latifiyan and his wife Zahra Abdullahi for the construction and expansion of the airport (before the creation of the airport city). Part of the CNS equipment of the airport city, such as the special ILS approach and the right runway 29 (29R) as the main landing strip for foreign planes and the side taxiway, are located in this area.^[1]

History

Construction and initial opening

The Iranian government decided prior to the 1979 revolution to build a new airport for Tehran. The city was then the centre of the Middle East, and air traffic was increasing quickly at the existing Mehrabad Airport.^[2] The new airport was initially called Tehran or Aryamehr International Airport, and the original designers were the American company Tippetts-Abbett-McCarthy-Stratton and the Iranian firm Farman-Farmayan.^[2]^[3]^[4] In 1977, construction began 35 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of Tehran. The revolution and war with Iraq caused delays, and work on the runway recommenced in 1989. Due to the economic impact of the war and Iran's isolation in the international community, President Akbar Rafsanjani focused on other endeavours in the early 1990s.^[2] In 1995, the French firm Aéroports de Paris was selected as the primary consultant, and construction of the terminal, which Paul Andreu had redesigned, started.^[2]^[3] By 2000, the airport had been renamed after Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran.^[2]

In 2003, Tepe-Akfen-Vie (TAV), a Turkish-Austrian consortium, reached an agreement with the reformist administration of Mohammad Khatami to operate the terminal and construct a second one.^[5]^[6] It made an initial investment of US$15 million in the project.^[6] The deal symbolised a shift away from the viewpoint in the government that foreign investment was a form of imperialism.^[7] President Khatami inaugurated the airport on 1 February 2004 during celebrations marking the 25th anniversary of the revolution.^[8] The plan was for it to handle all international flights to Tehran.^[9] Officials wanted the airport to represent Iran's opening to the international community and hoped it would become the largest in the Middle East.^[2]^[7] The Economist Intelligence Unit commented that the Dubai airport already served as a hub in the region and that the new airport was unlikely to overcome existing barriers to tourism such as the government's rigid social rules.^[9]

Some Iranians including the directors of two airlines objected to the deal with TAV. Their primary concern was that Turkey had links to Iran's foe Israel.^[10] On 7 May 2004, the military forced TAV's staff to leave the premises with their equipment and granted management of the facility to Iran Air.^[5] The following day, an Emirates flight from Dubai became the first to land. Hours later, however, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps closed the airport by driving tanks onto the runway.^[7]^[11] It threatened to use anti-aircraft fire against the second incoming flight, which fighter jets escorted to Isfahan.^[10]^[11] The rest of the flights were diverted to Mehrabad.^[10] The guards said it was unsafe and an affront to national dignity for foreigners to be in charge of the largest airport in Iran.^[7]^[12] Conservatives in parliament stated that the consortium had done business with Israel. TAV responded that it had no association with the country.^[6]

Later that year, the conservative-dominated parliament impeached Khatami's minister of transportation, Ahmad Khorram, partly because of the TAV contract.^[13] It also granted itself the right to veto the deal and another one that the government had signed with a Turkish firm. The agreement with TAV was ultimately annulled.^[14] The incident soured relations between Iran and Turkey.^[15] According to Ray Takeyh, a fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, the likely reason for the closure was that "the local interest, particularly Revolutionary Guards, desired a greater share of the profits".^[16] The Guardian and The Washington Post made similar comments.^[7]^[17] The latter also described the airport as a symbol of the divide between those Iranians who wanted to engage more with the world and those who did not.^[7]

Second opening

On 30 April 2005, the $350 million Imam Khomeini Airport reopened under the management of a consortium of four Iranian airlines—Caspian Airlines, Iran Aseman Airlines, Kish Air and Mahan Air.^[18]^[16] No ceremony was held to mark the occasion due to persistent tensions. The first arrival was an Iran Air flight from Dubai.^[18] In the beginning, the airport only had flights to a few Middle Eastern countries.^[16] By March 2008, all international flights excluding those for the Hajj and Umrah had relocated from Mehrabad to Imam Khomeini Airport.^[19] The airport also signed an agreement in 2016 with Milan-based Italian firm SEA [it] to manage the airport's handling activities.^[20]

Air France, Alitalia, British Airways and KLM resumed service to Tehran in 2016 following the Iran nuclear deal.^[21] Thai Airways commenced service to Iran as well. All five carriers suspended their flights two years later, stating that they were not financially viable.^[22]^[23] Analysts said the main reason for the airlines' decisions was that the United States had exited the nuclear agreement and decided to reinstate sanctions on Iran.^[22] In June 2019, President Hassan Rouhani inaugurated the Salaam International Terminal.^[24]

Infrastructure

The airport occupies 13,400 hectares (33,000 acres) and is operated by Imam Khomeini Airport City Company, which is part of the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development.^[18]^[25] It has two terminals: Terminal 1 and the Salaam International Terminal.^[24] Terminal 1 is shaped like an arc whose ends merge into the desert horizon.^[2] A third terminal called Iranshahr is in the planning phase.^[26] There are two runways:^[27]

11L/29R: 4,198 by 45 metres (13,773 ft × 148 ft)
11R/29L: 4,092 by 45 metres (13,425 ft × 148 ft)

The first 450 metres (1,480 ft) of 11L/29R are made of concrete, the rest of asphalt. 11R/29L is entirely made of asphalt.^[27] An instrument landing system was installed in August 2009. Imam Khomeini Airport was the first in Iran to have one.^[28]

In 2015, French corporation AccorHotels opened a Novotel and an Ibis hotel on the airport premises, marking the entry of the first international hotel chain into the Iranian market since the 1979 revolution. The company was motivated by the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action.^[29]^[30] Rexan International Airport Hotels has since taken over management of the hotels and renamed them Rexan and Remis, respectively.^[31]

Airlines and destinations

Most of the airlines that fly into Imam Khomeini Airport are based in Turkey and the Middle East. The airport is served by two Western airlines, Lufthansa and Austrian Airlines.^[32] It is a hub for Iran Air, Iran Aseman Airlines, Mahan Air and Meraj Airlines.^[33] Imam Khomeini Airport receives all international flights to Tehran, while Mehrabad Airport caters to domestic traffic.^[34] There are flights to several cities in the Middle East and the rest of Asia such as Damascus, Guangzhou and Mumbai. Tehran is also linked to destinations in Europe like London and Moscow.^[35] In the fiscal year ending on 20 March 2019, the airport handled 7.27 million passengers, making it the third busiest in Iran. It received 142,000 tonnes of cargo, and the number of aircraft movements was 47,000.^[36]

Passenger

Airlines	Destinations
Aeroflot	Moscow–Sheremetyevo
Air Arabia	Abu Dhabi,^[37] Sharjah
AJet	Ankara, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen Seasonal: Izmir
Ariana Afghan Airlines	Kabul, Kandahar, Mazar-i-Sharif
Armenia Airways	Yerevan
ATA Airlines	Baghdad, Istanbul, Najaf, Tbilisi Seasonal: Izmir Seasonal charter: Moscow–Vnukovo^[38]
Austrian Airlines	Vienna^[39]
Azerbaijan Airlines	Baku^[40]
Caspian Airlines	Ankara, Baghdad, Damascus, Istanbul, Izmir, Najaf, Yerevan^[41] Seasonal: Denizli
Cham Wings Airlines	Damascus, Latakia
China Southern Airlines	Beijing–Daxing,^[42] Ürümqi^[43]
Emirates	Dubai–International
Fly Baghdad	Baghdad, Najaf
flydubai	Dubai–International
Georgian Wings	Tbilisi
Iran Air	Baku, Beirut, Dubai–International,^[44] Istanbul, Kuwait City, London–Heathrow, Mumbai, Najaf Seasonal: Denizli, Izmir, Jeddah, Medina
Iran Airtour	Baghdad, Colombo–Bandaranaike,^[45] Dubai–International, Istanbul, Najaf, Yerevan Seasonal: Denizli, Izmir,
Iran Aseman Airlines	Baghdad, Istanbul, Najaf, Tbilisi Seasonal: Batumi, Izmir
Iraqi Airways	Baghdad, Najaf, Sulaimaniyah
Jazeera Airways	Kuwait City^[46]
Kam Air	Kabul,^[47] Mazar-i-Sharif
Kish Air	Almaty Seasonal: Najaf
Kuwait Airways	Kuwait City
Lufthansa	Frankfurt (resumes 1 February 2025)^[48]
Mahan Air	Aleppo, Ankara, Baghdad, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Beijing–Capital, Beirut, Damascus, Delhi, Dubai–International, Erbil, Grozny,^[49] Guangzhou, Istanbul, Kabul, Kirkuk,^[50] Lahore, Latakia, Mazar-i-Sharif, Moscow–Sheremetyevo, Najaf, Shanghai–Pudong, Shenzhen,^[51] Sulaimaniyah^[52] Seasonal: Minsk, Phuket, Saint Petersburg, Sochi
Meraj Airlines	Baghdad, Beirut, Damascus, Istanbul, Najaf Seasonal: Dalaman, Izmir, Moscow–Vnukovo, Saint Petersburg
Nordwind Airlines	Moscow–Sheremetyevo, Saint Petersburg^[53]
Oman Air	Muscat
Pegasus Airlines	Ankara, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen
Qatar Airways	Doha
Qeshm Air	Almaty,^[54] Ankara, Dubai–International, Istanbul, Muscat, Najaf, Tashkent,^[55] Tbilisi, Yerevan Seasonal: Batumi, Denizli, Isparta, Izmir
SalamAir	Muscat
Sepehran Airlines	Ankara,^[56] Baghdad, Muscat, Tbilisi, Yerevan^[57]
Somon Air	Dushanbe^[58]
Taban Air	Baghdad, Istanbul, Muscat, Najaf
Turkish Airlines	Istanbul
Varesh Airlines	Dushanbe, Muscat, Najaf, Tbilisi, Yerevan Seasonal: Batumi
Yazd Airways	Istanbul,^[59] Kabul, Kandahar,^[60] Mazar-i-Sharif, Najaf
Zagros Airlines	Baghdad, Najaf, Tashkent, Tbilisi Seasonal: Batumi

Cargo

Airlines	Destinations
Lufthansa Cargo^[61]	Frankfurt
Qatar Airways Cargo^[62]	Doha, Hong Kong
Turkish Cargo^[63]^[64]	Hanoi, Istanbul

Ground transportation

Imam Khomeini International Airport is accessible from Tehran via the Tehran–Qom and Tehran–Saveh freeways.^[65] It is also served by a station on Line 1 of the Tehran Metro, which opened in August 2017.^[66]

Accidents and incidents

On 15 July 2009, Caspian Airlines Flight 7908, a Tupolev Tu-154 bound for Yerevan, Armenia, crashed in Qazvin province 16 minutes after take-off from Imam Khomeini International Airport. All 168 passengers and crew were killed.^[67]
On 8 January 2020, Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 was shot down by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps shortly after takeoff from the airport, killing all 176 people on board.^[68]^[69]
On October 26, 2024, the airport was hit by precision military airstrikes launched by Israel in retaliation to recent ballistic missile attacks^[70]^[71]^[72]^[73]

References

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^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Dinmore, Guy (12 July 2000). "Tehran counts on airport to turn chapter in history". Financial Times. ProQuest 248934220.
^ ^a ^b "New Tehran airport gears up for opening". MEED Middle East Economic Digest. 45 (50): 17. 14 December 2001. Gale A81478237.
^ Stroud, John (1980). Airports of the World. London: Putnam. pp. 172–174. ISBN 9780370300375.
^ ^a ^b "Iran Army Lifts Objection to New Tehran Airport". Haaretz. Reuters. 11 May 2004. Archived from the original on 27 April 2024. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c Champion, Marc (8 February 2005). "Tougher Sell: Iran, Flush With Oil Cash, Seems To Cool to Foreign Investments". The Wall Street Journal. ProQuest 398971134.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Vick, Karl (9 August 2004). "Politics on Collision Course At Shuttered Iranian Airport". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 13 April 2024. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
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^ Fathi, Nazila (3 October 2004). "Legislators in Iran Dismiss Khatami Ally". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 6 February 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
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^ "Iran's new airport to reopen April 30 -- but no foreign help". Agence France-Presse. 5 April 2005.
^ ^a ^b ^c Halpern, Orly (12 June 2005). "All clear for takeoff at Teheran's 'Zionist-free' airport". The Jerusalem Post. ProQuest 319482419.
^ Borger, Julian; Tait, Robert (15 February 2010). "The financial power of the Revolutionary Guards". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c Smyth, Gareth (3 May 2005). "Low-key opening for Tehran airport reflects political sensitivities". Financial Times. ProQuest 249607984.
^ پروازهای خاور دور "هما" به فرودگاه امام منتقل شد، فارس. Gooya News (in Persian). 30 March 2008. Archived from the original on 12 April 2024. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
^ "Italy to Upgrade Iranian Airports". 24 April 2016.
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^ "Dutch carrier KLM to end Iran flights". USA Today. Associated Press. 9 July 2018. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
^ ^a ^b "IKIA to add 15 daily flights to Salam Terminal". Mehr News Agency. 23 October 2019. Archived from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
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^ ^a ^b "Aerodrome chart with effect from 5 December 2019". Iran Aeronautical Information Management. Archived from the original on 10 April 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
^ "ILS Launched At Imam Khomeini Airport". www.iran-daily.com. Archived from the original on 21 August 2009.
^ Patnaude, Art; Parasie, Nicolas (17 May 2016). "Next Big Travel Destination: Iran?". The Wall Street Journal. ProQuest 1789217985.
^ Sahoo, Sananda (14 September 2015). "Accor becomes first hotel operator to enter Iran in 35 years". The National. Archived from the original on 12 April 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
^ "About us". Rexan International Airport Hotels. 3 November 1402. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
^ "Lufthansa extends Tehran flights suspension until April 18". Voice of America. Reuters. 12 April 2024. Archived from the original on 12 April 2024. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
^
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External links

Media related to Imam Khomeini International Airport at Wikimedia Commons

[:0-1] "The Introduce of Imam Khomeini International Airport (OIIK)". Aviation Telecommunications Engineering. 29. Iranian Airport and Air Navigation Company, Mehrabad International Airport Zone, Meraj Blvd., Tehran, Iran: Civil Aviation Technology Association, ATE Association.

[ft700-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Dinmore, Guy (12 July 2000). "Tehran counts on airport to turn chapter in history". Financial Times. ProQuest 248934220.

[me1201-3] "New Tehran airport gears up for opening". MEED Middle East Economic Digest. 45 (50): 17. 14 December 2001. Gale A81478237.

[4] Stroud, John (1980). Airports of the World. London: Putnam. pp. 172–174. ISBN 9780370300375.

[re504-5] "Iran Army Lifts Objection to New Tehran Airport". Haaretz. Reuters. 11 May 2004. Archived from the original on 27 April 2024. Retrieved 19 April 2024.

[ws205-6] Champion, Marc (8 February 2005). "Tougher Sell: Iran, Flush With Oil Cash, Seems To Cool to Foreign Investments". The Wall Street Journal. ProQuest 398971134.

[wp804-7] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Vick, Karl (9 August 2004). "Politics on Collision Course At Shuttered Iranian Airport". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 13 April 2024. Retrieved 8 April 2024.

[8] "Iranian Revolution Anniversary Celebrations Start with Opening of Khomeini Airport". Voice of America. 1 February 2004. Archived from the original on 8 April 2024. Retrieved 8 April 2024.

[ei204-9] "New international airport opens near Tehran". Economist Intelligence Unit. 17 February 2004. ProQuest 466840202.

[ab604-10] Denslow, Neil (6 June 2004). "Iranian army closes new airport on opening day". Arabian Business. Archived from the original on 30 March 2024. Retrieved 8 April 2024.

[af504c-11] Ghazi, Siavosh (9 May 2004). "Army keeps Tehran's new airport shut amid security row over foreign role". Agence France-Presse.

[12] Vick, Karl (22 June 2004). "In Iran, Terrorism Remains A Matter of Perspective". The Washington Post. ProQuest 409682809.

[13] Fathi, Nazila (3 October 2004). "Legislators in Iran Dismiss Khatami Ally". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 6 February 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2024.

[14] "Iran: Investment regulations". Economist Intelligence Unit. 4 April 2006. ProQuest 466637039.

[af405a-15] "Iran's new airport to reopen April 30 -- but no foreign help". Agence France-Presse. 5 April 2005.

[jp605-16] Halpern, Orly (12 June 2005). "All clear for takeoff at Teheran's 'Zionist-free' airport". The Jerusalem Post. ProQuest 319482419.

[17] Borger, Julian; Tait, Robert (15 February 2010). "The financial power of the Revolutionary Guards". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 April 2024.

[ft505-18] Smyth, Gareth (3 May 2005). "Low-key opening for Tehran airport reflects political sensitivities". Financial Times. ProQuest 249607984.

[19] پروازهای خاور دور "هما" به فرودگاه امام منتقل شد، فارس. Gooya News (in Persian). 30 March 2008. Archived from the original on 12 April 2024. Retrieved 12 April 2024.

[20] "Italy to Upgrade Iranian Airports". 24 April 2016.

[21] Wall, Robert (1 September 2016). "British Airways Flights to Iran Set to Resume". The Wall Street Journal. ProQuest 1815640279.

[ny818-22] Gladstone, Rick; Wichter, Zach (23 August 2018). "British Airways and Air France to Suspend Iran Service". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 August 2018. Retrieved 15 April 2024.

[23] "Dutch carrier KLM to end Iran flights". USA Today. Associated Press. 9 July 2018. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 15 April 2024.

[mn1019-24] "IKIA to add 15 daily flights to Salam Terminal". Mehr News Agency. 23 October 2019. Archived from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 10 April 2024.

[25] "Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport profile". CAPA - Centre for Aviation. Retrieved 15 April 2024.

[26] "IKIA annual takeoffs, landings over 47,000: Official". Iran Daily. 29 July 2019. ProQuest 2265692470.

[aip-27] "Aerodrome chart with effect from 5 December 2019". Iran Aeronautical Information Management. Archived from the original on 10 April 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.

[28] "ILS Launched At Imam Khomeini Airport". www.iran-daily.com. Archived from the original on 21 August 2009.

[29] Patnaude, Art; Parasie, Nicolas (17 May 2016). "Next Big Travel Destination: Iran?". The Wall Street Journal. ProQuest 1789217985.

[30] Sahoo, Sananda (14 September 2015). "Accor becomes first hotel operator to enter Iran in 35 years". The National. Archived from the original on 12 April 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.

[31] "About us". Rexan International Airport Hotels. 3 November 1402. Retrieved 10 April 2024.

[32] "Lufthansa extends Tehran flights suspension until April 18". Voice of America. Reuters. 12 April 2024. Archived from the original on 12 April 2024. Retrieved 15 April 2024.

[33] 
For Iran Air, see "Iran Air profile". CAPA - Centre for Aviation. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
For Iran Aseman Airlines, see "Iran Aseman Airlines profile". CAPA - Centre for Aviation. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
For Mahan Air, see "Mahan Air profile". CAPA - Centre for Aviation. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
For Meraj Airlines, see "Meraj Air profile". CAPA - Centre for Aviation. Retrieved 17 April 2024.

[34] For Iran Air, see "Iran Air profile". CAPA - Centre for Aviation. Retrieved 17 April 2024.

[35] For Iran Aseman Airlines, see "Iran Aseman Airlines profile". CAPA - Centre for Aviation. Retrieved 17 April 2024.

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v t e Airports in Iran
Major international	Tehran-Imam Khomeini
Minor international	Abadan Ahvaz Arak Ardabil Bandar Abbas Birjand Bushehr Chabahar/Konorak Sari Hamadan Isfahan Jahrom Kerman Kermanshah Kish Island Lamerd Larestan Mashhad Qeshm Island Rasht Shiraz Tabriz Urmia Yazd Zahedan
Domestic	Abu Musa Island Asalouyeh Bam Bandar Lengeh Bojnord Dezful Gorgan Gachsaran Ilam Iranshahr Jask Jiroft Kalaleh Karaj Kashan Kharg Island Khorramabad Khoy Lamerd Lavan Island Mahshahr Noshahr Parsabad Rafsanjan Ramsar Sabzevar Maragheh Sanandaj Saqqez Shahroud Sirri Island Sirjan Shahrekord Tabas Tehran-Mehrabad Yasuj Zabol Zanjan
Unscheduled	Fasa Jam Qazvin
Statistics

v t e Ruhollah Khomeini
Politics	1963 demonstrations in Iran Life in exile 1978 Qom protest 1978 Tabriz protests Neauphle-le-Château Return to Iran Iranian revolution Aftermath of the Iranian revolution Cultural Revolution Supreme Council Council of the Islamic Revolution Islamic Revolutionary Court Interim Government 1979 Referendum Engagement with Jimmy Carter Iranian revolution conspiracy theory America can't do a damn thing against us Supreme Leader of Iran Iran–Iraq War Israeli support Satanic Verses controversy
Positions	American Islam Anti-Zionism Shiite clericalism Death to America Great Satan Little Satan Sex segregation compulsory hijab Islamic democracy Imam's Line Letter to Gorbachev Khomeini's 8-article command
Books	Islamic Government: Governance of the Jurist (Velayat-e faqih) Tahrir al-Wasilah Kashf al-Asrar Forty Hadith of Ruhullah Khomeini Islam and Revolution The Greatest Jihad
Family	Khadijeh Saqafi (wife) Mostafa Khomeini (son) Zahra Mostafavi Khomeini (daughter) Farideh Mostafavi Khomeini (daughter) Ahmad Khomeini (son) Hussein Khomeini (grandson) Hassan Khomeini (grandson) Zahra Eshraghi (granddaughter) Seyyed Ahmad Musavi Hindi (grandfather)
Related	Jamaran Hussainiya Mausoleum Death and state funeral Alef-Laam Khomeini Fajr decade Refah School Homafaran Allegiance Imam Khomeini International Airport Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order
Category