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Thai Airways International Flight 601: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 22°18′07″N 114°13′02″E / 22.3020°N 114.2173°E / 22.3020; 114.2173
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{{Multiple issues|
{{refimprove|date=June 2020}}
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{{More footnotes|date=June 2024}}
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{{short description|1967 aviation accident}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
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{{no footnotes|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox Airliner accident
{{Infobox Airliner accident
|name= 1967 Thai Airways International Flight 601
|name= Thai Airways International Flight 601
|occurrence_type=Accident
|occurrence_type=Accident
|image=Thai Caravelle Söderström.jpg
|image=Thai Airways International Sud Aviation Caravelle (OY-KRE) at Stockholm-Arlanda Airport.jpg
|image_upright=1.1
|caption= A Thai Airways International SUD-Aviation Caravelle similar to the one involved.
|caption= A Thai Airways International SUD-Aviation Caravelle similar to the one involved.
|date= {{start date|df=yes|1967|6|30}}
|date= {{start date|df=yes|1967|6|30}}
|summary= [[Runway excursion|Runway overrun]] due to pilot error and bad weather
|summary= Landing accident
|site=near [[Kai Tak Airport]], Hong Kong
|site=Near [[Kai Tak Airport]], Hong Kong
|coordinates = {{coord|22.3020|114.2173|type:event_region:HK|display=it|format=dms}}
|coordinates = {{coord|22.3020|114.2173|type:event_region:HK|display=it|format=dms}}
|fatalities= 24
|fatalities = 24
|injuries= 56
|injuries = 56
|origin=[[Taipei Songshan Airport]]
|origin=[[Haneda Airport]], Japan
|destination=[[Kai Tak Airport]]
|stopover0=[[Songshan Airport]], Taiwan
|last_stopover=[[Kai Tak Airport]], Hong Kong
⚫
|passengers=73
|destination=[[Don Mueang International Airport|Don Mueang Airport]], Thailand
⚫
|crew=7
|occupants = 80
⚫
|survivors= 56
⚫
|passengers = 73
⚫
|crew = 7
⚫
|survivors = 56
|aircraft_type=[[Sud Aviation Caravelle]] III
|aircraft_type=[[Sud Aviation Caravelle]] III
|operator=[[Thai Airways|Thai Airways International]]
|operator=[[Thai Airways International]]
|aircraft_name=''Chiraprapa''
|aircraft_name=''Chiraprapa''
|tail_number=HS-TGI
|tail_number=HS-TGI
}}
}}
'''1967 Thai Airways International Flight 601''' was a [[Sud Aviation Caravelle]] that crashed into the sea on landing at the former [[Kai Tak Airport]], Hong Kong, in a typhoon on Friday 30 June 1967.
'''Thai Airways International Flight 601''' was a [[Sud Aviation Caravelle]] that crashed into the sea on landing at the former [[Kai Tak Airport]], Hong Kong, in a [[typhoon]] on Friday, 30 June 1967.

== Aircraft ==
The aircraft involved was a Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle III, [[Serial number|MSN]] 25, [[Aircraft registration|registered]] as HS-TGI, which was manufactured by [[Sud Aviation]] in 1960. The aircraft had logged approximately 17350 airframe hours and was equipped with two [[Rolls-Royce Avon|Rolls-Royce Avon 527]] engines.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Accident Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle III HS-TGI, Friday 30 June 1967 |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/332082 |access-date=2024-07-14 |website=asn.flightsafety.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Crash of a Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle III in Hong Kong: 24 killed {{!}} Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives |url=https://www.baaa-acro.com/crash/crash-sud-aviation-se-210-caravelle-iii-hong-kong-24-killed |access-date=2024-07-14 |website=www.baaa-acro.com}}</ref>


== Accident ==
== Accident ==
[[Thai Airways|Thai Airways International]] Flight 601 took off from [[Taipei Songshan Airport]] (TSA/RCSS) on a flight to [[Kai Tak Airport]]. The [[Sud Aviation Caravelle]] (Registration: HS-TGI which had its first flight in 1960) had 73 passengers and 7 crew on board and after a 1-hour flight was on an [[Instrument landing system|ILS]] approach to land on runway 31 at [[Hong Kong-Kai Tak International Airport]] (HKG/VHHH). With a typhoon over Hong Kong at the time of the approach, the Captain was busy looking for visual contact with the ground not noticing that the aircraft had descended below the decision height of {{convert|415|ft}}. The aircraft made an abrupt heading change (while already {{convert|80|ft}} below the glide slope), then entered a high rate of descent and crashed into the sea short of runway 31 under-shoot. The accident killed 24 passengers out of 80 passengers and crew on board.
[[Thai Airways International]] Flight 601 took off from [[Taipei Songshan Airport]] on an hour-long flight to [[Kai Tak Airport]]. The Sud Aviation Caravelle had 80 people aboard: 73 passengers and 7 crew. With the plane on [[Instrument landing system|ILS]] approach to runway 31 at Kai Tak, Captain Viggo Thorsen (age 43) and Co-pilot Sanit Khemanand (aged 50) became occupied trying to make visual contact with the ground. They failed to notice that the aircraft had descended below the decision height of {{convert|415|ft}}. The crew made an abrupt heading change (while already {{convert|80|ft}} below the [[glide slope]]), and then entered a high-speed descent. The aircraft undershot [[runway]] 31 and crashed into the sea, killing 24 passengers.
[[File:Hong Kong Kai Tak Airport 1971.jpg|thumb| [[Kai Tak Airport]] in 1971, some four years after the crash of Flight 601.]]
[[File:Hong Kong Kai Tak Airport 1971.jpg|thumb| [[Kai Tak Airport]] in 1971, some four years after the crash of Flight 601.]]


== Probable cause ==
== Probable cause ==
⚫
The probable cause of the accident was [[pilot error]], specifically not noticing that the aircraft had descended below the [[glide slope]]. The presence of strong [[wind shear]] and [[downdraft]]s as a result of then-present [[1967 Pacific typhoon season#Typhoon Anita (Gening)|Typhoon Anita]] was a probable contributing factor. However, there were no means of detecting such weather phenomena at the time of the accident. Further factors included:
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2014}}

⚫
The probable cause of the accident was crew error, not noticing that the aircraft had descended below the glide slope. The presence of strong wind shear and downdrafts is also a probable major factor, however at the time of the accident there was no means of measuring these phenomena available at Kai Tak.
* The pilots did not adhere to the Thai Airways procedure for a 'captain monitored' approach in bad visibility.
* The pilots did not adhere to Thai Airways procedure for a captain-monitored [[Instrument approach]] in bad visibility.
* The captain did not monitor the approach adequately.
* The captain did not monitor the approach adequately.
* The abrupt heading change after the aircraft descended below minimum altitude may have exacerbated a high rate of descent.
* The abrupt heading change after the aircraft descended below minimum altitude may have exacerbated the high rate of descent.
* Downdrafts and wind shear may have contributed to the height loss which resulted from this mishandling.
* Downdrafts and wind shear may have contributed to the height loss that resulted from this mishandling.


== References ==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{ASN accident|title=HS-TGI|id=19670630-1|accessdate=12 July 2013}}
* {{ASN accident|title=HS-TGI|id=19670630-1|accessdate=12 July 2013}}
* [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wZgoAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RgYGAAAAIBAJ&pg=1144,5017060&dq=hong+kong+plane+crash&hl=en] {{dead link|date=July 2013}}
* [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wZgoAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RgYGAAAAIBAJ&pg=1144,5017060&dq=hong+kong+plane+crash&hl=en] {{dead link|date=July 2013}}


{{Aviation accidents and incidents in 1967}}
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in 1967}}
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in Hong Kong}}

[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1967]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1967]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in Hong Kong]]
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[[Category:1967 in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:1967 in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:1967 meteorology]]
[[Category:1967 meteorology]]
[[Category:June 1967 events]]
[[Category:June 1967 events in Asia]]

Latest revision as of 21:49, 18 September 2024

Thai Airways International Flight 601
A Thai Airways International SUD-Aviation Caravelle similar to the one involved.
Accident
Date30 June 1967 (1967-06-30)
SummaryRunway overrun due to pilot error and bad weather
SiteNear Kai Tak Airport, Hong Kong
22°18′07″N 114°13′02″E / 22.3020°N 114.2173°E / 22.3020; 114.2173
Aircraft
Aircraft typeSud Aviation Caravelle III
Aircraft nameChiraprapa
OperatorThai Airways International
RegistrationHS-TGI
Flight originHaneda Airport, Japan
1st stopoverSongshan Airport, Taiwan
Last stopoverKai Tak Airport, Hong Kong
DestinationDon Mueang Airport, Thailand
Occupants80
Passengers73
Crew7
Fatalities24
Injuries56
Survivors56

Thai Airways International Flight 601 was a Sud Aviation Caravelle that crashed into the sea on landing at the former Kai Tak Airport, Hong Kong, in a typhoon on Friday, 30 June 1967.

Aircraft

[edit]

The aircraft involved was a Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle III, MSN 25, registered as HS-TGI, which was manufactured by Sud Aviation in 1960. The aircraft had logged approximately 17350 airframe hours and was equipped with two Rolls-Royce Avon 527 engines.[1][2]

Accident

[edit]

Thai Airways International Flight 601 took off from Taipei Songshan Airport on an hour-long flight to Kai Tak Airport. The Sud Aviation Caravelle had 80 people aboard: 73 passengers and 7 crew. With the plane on ILS approach to runway 31 at Kai Tak, Captain Viggo Thorsen (age 43) and Co-pilot Sanit Khemanand (aged 50) became occupied trying to make visual contact with the ground. They failed to notice that the aircraft had descended below the decision height of 415 feet (126 m). The crew made an abrupt heading change (while already 80 feet (24 m) below the glide slope), and then entered a high-speed descent. The aircraft undershot runway 31 and crashed into the sea, killing 24 passengers.

Kai Tak Airport in 1971, some four years after the crash of Flight 601.

Probable cause

[edit]

The probable cause of the accident was pilot error, specifically not noticing that the aircraft had descended below the glide slope. The presence of strong wind shear and downdrafts as a result of then-present Typhoon Anita was a probable contributing factor. However, there were no means of detecting such weather phenomena at the time of the accident. Further factors included:

  • The pilots did not adhere to Thai Airways procedure for a captain-monitored Instrument approach in bad visibility.
  • The captain did not monitor the approach adequately.
  • The abrupt heading change after the aircraft descended below minimum altitude may have exacerbated the high rate of descent.
  • Downdrafts and wind shear may have contributed to the height loss that resulted from this mishandling.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Accident Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle III HS-TGI, Friday 30 June 1967". asn.flightsafety.org. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
  2. ^ "Crash of a Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle III in Hong Kong: 24 killed | Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives". www.baaa-acro.com. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
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