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{{Short description|Defunct Indian political party}}
{{Dravidian politics-col}}
{{Dravidian politics-col}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
'''Thazhthapattor Munnetra Kazhagam''' ({{lang-ta| தாழ்த்தப்பட்டோர் முன்னேற்ற கழகம்}}) was a short-lived political party formed in 1974 in [[Tamil Nadu]], India. The party was formed by the exit of [[Sathyavani Muthu]] and [[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]] from the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK). The party eventually merged with the [[Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (ADMK) led by [[M. G. Ramachandran]] (MGR) in 1977.
'''Thazhthapattor Munnetra Kazhagam''' ({{Translation|Progressive Federation of the Oppressed}})<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8mQqAQAAMAAJ&q=Thazhthapattor+Munnetra+Kazhagam |title=Asian Survey |date=1961 |publisher=University of California Press |language=en}}</ref> was a short-lived political party formed in 1974 in [[Tamil Nadu]], India. The party was formed by the exit of [[Sathyavani Muthu]] and [[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]] from the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK). The party eventually merged with the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK) led by [[M. G. Ramachandran]] (MGR) in 1977.


==History==
==History==
After the death of [[C. N. Annadurai]] in 1969, [[M. Karunanidhi]] became the leader of the DMK and Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu. The film star and party leader [[M. G. Ramachandran]] was expelled from the DMK in 1972 following his differences with Karunanidhi and formed the [[Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]. Within two years of his exit, [[Sathyavani Muthu]] a minister in the DMK Government led by Karunanidhi left the party. Sathyavani Muthu a Scheduled Caste leader, was the minister for Harijan Welfare minister in Karunanidhi's cabinet. She resigned her ministerial position in 1974 and left Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. She claimed that Scheduled Castes were not treated well by DMK since the death of [[C. N. Annadurai]] and the new leader [[M. Karunanidhi]] was prejudiced against Scheduled Castes.<ref name="Duncan">{{cite journal | title=Factions and Filmstars: Tamil Nadu Politics since 1971| author=Duncan Forrester| journal=Asian Survey| year=1976| volume=16|issue=3| pages=283–296| jstor=2643545| doi=10.1525/as.1976.16.3.01p01703}}</ref> She said
After the death of [[C. N. Annadurai]] in 1969, [[M. Karunanidhi]] became the leader of the DMK and Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu. The film star and party leader [[M. G. Ramachandran]] was expelled from the DMK in 1972 following his differences with Karunanidhi and formed the [[Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]. Within two years of his exit, [[Sathyavani Muthu]] a minister in the DMK Government led by Karunanidhi left the party. Sathyavani Muthu a [[Dalit]] leader, was the minister for Harijan Welfare minister in Karunanidhi's cabinet. She resigned her ministerial position in 1974 and left Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. She claimed that Harijans (Dalits) were not treated well by DMK since the death of [[C. N. Annadurai]] and the new leader [[M. Karunanidhi]] was prejudiced against harijans.<ref name="Duncan">{{cite journal | title=Factions and Filmstars: Tamil Nadu Politics since 1971| author=Duncan Forrester| journal=Asian Survey| year=1976| volume=16|issue=3| pages=283–296| jstor=2643545| doi=10.2307/2643545}}</ref> She said
{{quotation|The time has come to form a new party to fight for the rights of the Scheduled Castes. After Dr. [[B. R. Ambedkar|Ambedkar]], nobody has taken the cudgels in real earnest......We will form a new party, sit on the opposition benches, and fight for the rights of Schedules Castes. We will not let them be exploited and humiliated endlessly.<ref name="Duncan"/><ref>{{cite news | url=| title=The rise and fall of Sathyavani Muthu| publisher=Femina| date=7 June 1974}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=| title=| publisher=The Hindu| date=5 May, 6 May, 15 May and 3 June 1974}}</ref>}}
{{quotation|The time has come to form a new party to fight for the rights of the Harijans. After Dr. [[B. R. Ambedkar|Ambedkar]], nobody has taken the cudgels in real earnest......We will form a new party, sit on the opposition benches, and fight for the rights of Schedules Castes. We will not let them be exploited and humiliated endlessly.<ref name="Duncan"/><ref>{{cite news | title=The rise and fall of Sathyavani Muthu| publisher=Femina| date=7 June 1974}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | work=The Hindu| issue=5 May, 6 May, 15 May and 3 June 1974}}</ref>}}
She formed the "Thazhthapattor Munnetra Kazhagam" (Progressive Federation of the Oppressed) claiming to represent the Scheduled castes of Tamil Nadu. In April 1977, [[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]] the Minister for Education in the DMK cabinet left the party with some other leaders like [[K. Rajaram]], [[S. Madhavan]] and [[P. U. Shanmugam]] and formed the "Makkal Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam". The two parties coordinated their activities. The Thazhthapattor Munnetra Kazhagam merged with the ADMK before [[Tamil Nadu state assembly election, 1977|1977]] election and Sathyavani Muthu contested (and lost) the election from [[Ulundurpet (State Assembly Constituency)|Ulundurpet constituency]] as an ADMK member. However, the Makkal DMK contested the elections alone. It merged with Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam in September 1977 after the ADMK came to power winning the 1977 election.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2000/01/13/stories/04132231.htm| title=Nedunchezhiyan dies of heart failure| publisher=The Hindu| date=13 January 2000| accessdate=1 December 2009}}</ref><ref name="data">{{cite book| title = Data India| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SXtDAAAAYAAJ| year = 1977| publisher = Press Institute of India| pages = 273, 628 }}</ref>
She formed the "Thazhthapattor Munnetra Kazhagam" (Progressive Federation of the Oppressed) claiming to represent the Dalits of Tamil Nadu. In April 1977, [[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]] the Minister for Education in the DMK cabinet left the party with some other leaders like [[K. Rajaram]], [[S. Madhavan]] and [[P. U. Shanmugam]] and formed the "Makkal Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam". The two parties coordinated their activities. The Thazhthapattor Munnetra Kazhagam merged with the ADMK before [[1977 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1977]] election and Sathyavani Muthu contested (and lost) the election from [[Ulundurpet (State Assembly Constituency)|Ulundurpet constituency]] as an ADMK member. However, the Makkal DMK merged with Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam in September 1977 after the ADMK came to power winning the 1977 election.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2000/01/13/stories/04132231.htm| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205052238/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2000/01/13/stories/04132231.htm| url-status=usurped| archive-date=5 December 2010| title=Nedunchezhiyan dies of heart failure| work=The Hindu| date=13 January 2000| accessdate=1 December 2009}}</ref><ref name="data">{{cite book| title = Data India| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SXtDAAAAYAAJ| year = 1977| publisher = Press Institute of India| pages = 273, 628 }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Sathyavani Muthu]]
* [[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}


[[Category:Defunct political parties in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Defunct political parties in Tamil Nadu]]
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[[Category:Political parties established in 1974]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1974]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1977]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1977]]
[[Category:1974 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1974 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]

Latest revision as of 23:54, 28 July 2024

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Thazhthapattor Munnetra Kazhagam (transl. Progressive Federation of the Oppressed)[1] was a short-lived political party formed in 1974 in Tamil Nadu, India. The party was formed by the exit of Sathyavani Muthu and V. R. Nedunchezhiyan from the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK). The party eventually merged with the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) led by M. G. Ramachandran (MGR) in 1977.

History

[edit]

After the death of C. N. Annadurai in 1969, M. Karunanidhi became the leader of the DMK and Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu. The film star and party leader M. G. Ramachandran was expelled from the DMK in 1972 following his differences with Karunanidhi and formed the Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. Within two years of his exit, Sathyavani Muthu a minister in the DMK Government led by Karunanidhi left the party. Sathyavani Muthu a Dalit leader, was the minister for Harijan Welfare minister in Karunanidhi's cabinet. She resigned her ministerial position in 1974 and left Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. She claimed that Harijans (Dalits) were not treated well by DMK since the death of C. N. Annadurai and the new leader M. Karunanidhi was prejudiced against harijans.[2] She said

The time has come to form a new party to fight for the rights of the Harijans. After Dr. Ambedkar, nobody has taken the cudgels in real earnest......We will form a new party, sit on the opposition benches, and fight for the rights of Schedules Castes. We will not let them be exploited and humiliated endlessly.[2][3][4]

She formed the "Thazhthapattor Munnetra Kazhagam" (Progressive Federation of the Oppressed) claiming to represent the Dalits of Tamil Nadu. In April 1977, V. R. Nedunchezhiyan the Minister for Education in the DMK cabinet left the party with some other leaders like K. Rajaram, S. Madhavan and P. U. Shanmugam and formed the "Makkal Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam". The two parties coordinated their activities. The Thazhthapattor Munnetra Kazhagam merged with the ADMK before 1977 election and Sathyavani Muthu contested (and lost) the election from Ulundurpet constituency as an ADMK member. However, the Makkal DMK merged with Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam in September 1977 after the ADMK came to power winning the 1977 election.[5][6]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Asian Survey. University of California Press. 1961.
  2. ^ a b Duncan Forrester (1976). "Factions and Filmstars: Tamil Nadu Politics since 1971". Asian Survey. 16 (3): 283–296. doi:10.2307/2643545. JSTOR 2643545.
  3. ^ "The rise and fall of Sathyavani Muthu". Femina. 7 June 1974.
  4. ^ The Hindu. No. 5 May, 6 May, 15 May and 3 June 1974. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  5. ^ "Nedunchezhiyan dies of heart failure". The Hindu. 13 January 2000. Archived from the original on 5 December 2010. Retrieved 1 December 2009.
  6. ^ Data India. Press Institute of India. 1977. pp. 273, 628.
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