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{{Short description|EU environmental program}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
The '''European Climate Change Programme''' (ECCP) was launched in June 2000 by the [[European Union]]'s [[European Commission]], with the purpose of [[avoiding dangerous climate change]].
The '''European Climate Change Programme''' (ECCP) was launched in June 2000 by the [[European Union]]'s [[European Commission]], with the purpose of [[climate change mitigation|avoiding dangerous climate change]].


The goal of the ECCP is to identify, develop and implement all the necessary elements of an EU strategy to implement the [[Kyoto Protocol]]. All EU countries' [[List of Kyoto Protocol signatories|ratifications of the Kyoto Protocol]] were deposited simultaneously on 31 May 2002. The ECCP involved all the relevant stakeholders working together, including representatives from Commission's different departments, the member states, industry and environmental groups. <ref>http://www.eubusiness.com/topics/environ/eccp</ref>
The goal of the ECCP is to identify, develop and implement all the necessary elements of an EU strategy to implement the [[Kyoto Protocol]]. All EU countries' [[List of parties to the Kyoto Protocol|ratifications of the Kyoto Protocol]] were deposited simultaneously on 31 May 2002. The ECCP involved all the relevant stakeholders working together, including representatives from Commission's different departments, the member states, industry and environmental groups.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eubusiness.com/topics/environ/eccp|title=European Climate Change Programme – EUbusiness.com - EU news, business and politics|last=inadim|website=eubusiness.com|accessdate=26 March 2019}}</ref>


The [[European Union Greenhouse Gas Emission Trading Scheme]] (EU ETS) is perhaps the most significant contribution of the ECCP, and the EU ETS is the largest [[carbon emissions trading|greenhouse gas emissions trading]] scheme in the world.
The [[European Union Emissions Trading System]] for greenhouse gases (EU ETS) is perhaps the most significant contribution of the ECCP, and the EU ETS is the largest [[carbon emission trading|greenhouse gas emissions trading]] scheme in the world.


In 1996 the EU adopted a target of a maximum 2°C rise in global mean temperature, compared to pre-industrial levels. Since then, European Leaders have reaffirmed this goal several times.<ref>{{cite press release
In 1996 the EU adopted a target of a maximum 2&nbsp;°C rise in global mean temperature, compared to pre-industrial levels. Since then, European Leaders have reaffirmed this goal several times.<ref>{{cite press release
|url= http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-05-42_en.htm?locale=en
|url= http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-05-42_en.htm?locale=en
|title=Winning the Battle Against Global Climate Change
|title=Winning the Battle Against Global Climate Change
|publisher=European Union
|publisher=European Union
|date=9 February 2005
|date=9 February 2005
|accessdate=19 January 2013}}</ref><ref>[[Richard Tol|R.S.J. Tol]] (2007), [http://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/enepol/v35y2007i1p424-432.html Europe's long-term climate target: A critical evaluation], Energy Policy, 35 (1), 424–432</ref><ref>Oliver Geden (2013), [http://www.swp-berlin.org/en/publications/swp-research-papers/swp-research-paper-detail/article/climate_modifying_the_2_c_target.html Modifying the 2°C Target. Climate Policy Objectives in the Contested Terrain of Scientific Policy Advice, Political Preferences, and Rising Emissions], SWP Research Paper 5</ref> Due to only minor efforts in global [[Climate change mitigation]] it is highly likely that the world will not be able to reach this particular target. The EU might then be forced to accept a less ambitious target or to change its [[climate policy]] paradigm.<ref>Oliver Geden (2012), [http://www.swp-berlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/research_papers/2012_RP01_lpt_prt.pdf#page=19 The End of Climate Policy as We Knew it], SWP Research Paper 2012/RP01</ref>
|accessdate=19 January 2013}}</ref><ref>[[Richard Tol|R.S.J. Tol]] (2007), [http://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/enepol/v35y2007i1p424-432.html Europe's long-term climate target: A critical evaluation], Energy Policy, 35 (1), 424–432</ref><ref>Oliver Geden (2013), [http://www.swp-berlin.org/en/publications/swp-research-papers/swp-research-paper-detail/article/climate_modifying_the_2_c_target.html Modifying the 2°C Target. Climate Policy Objectives in the Contested Terrain of Scientific Policy Advice, Political Preferences, and Rising Emissions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924112656/http://www.swp-berlin.org/en/publications/swp-research-papers/swp-research-paper-detail/article/climate_modifying_the_2_c_target.html |date=24 September 2015 }}, SWP Research Paper 5</ref> Due to only minor efforts in global [[Climate change mitigation]] it is highly likely that the world will not be able to reach this particular target. The EU might then be forced to accept a less ambitious target or to change its [[Politics of climate change|climate policy]] paradigm.<ref>Oliver Geden (2012), [http://www.swp-berlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/research_papers/2012_RP01_lpt_prt.pdf#page=19 The End of Climate Policy as We Knew it], SWP Research Paper 2012/RP01</ref>


== Vehicles ==
== Vehicles ==
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Under the framework of the European Climate Change Programme, the [[European Commission]] was to present in mid-{{As of|2006|lc=on}} a Communication to the [[European Parliament]] and [[European Council]] on a revised Community strategy to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from [[light-duty vehicle]]s. This review will be based on a thorough impact assessment of the existing Community target of a new car fleet average emission of '''120 [[carbon dioxide|CO<sub>2</sub>]] g/km''' and of the possible measures that could form part of a revised strategy based on an integrated approach to CO<sub>2</sub> emissions reductions.
Under the framework of the European Climate Change Programme, the [[European Commission]] was to present in mid-{{As of|2006|lc=on}} a Communication to the [[European Parliament]] and [[European Council]] on a revised Community strategy to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from [[light-duty vehicle]]s. This review will be based on a thorough impact assessment of the existing Community target of a new car fleet average emission of '''120 [[carbon dioxide|CO<sub>2</sub>]] g/km''' and of the possible measures that could form part of a revised strategy based on an integrated approach to CO<sub>2</sub> emissions reductions.


On 7 February 2007, the [[European Commission]] announced plans for new legislation requiring the average [[carbon dioxide]] emissions of the vehicles produced in 2012 to be no more than 130 g/km. This is a bit more than the goal of 120, which corresponds to 4.5 [[litre|L]]/100&nbsp;km for [[Diesel fuel|diesel]] and 5 L/100&nbsp;km for gasoline engines.<ref>http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/07/155&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en#fnB2</ref>
On 7 February 2007, the European Commission announced plans for new legislation requiring the average [[carbon dioxide]] emissions of the vehicles produced in 2012 to be no more than 130 g/km. This is a bit more than the goal of 120, which corresponds to 4.5 [[litre|L]]/100&nbsp;km for [[Diesel fuel|diesel]] and 5 L/100&nbsp;km for gasoline engines.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-07-155_en.htm?locale=en|title=European Commission - PRESS RELEASES - Press release - Commission plans legislative framework to ensure the EU meets its target for cutting CO2 emissions from cars|website=europa.eu|accessdate=26 March 2019}}</ref>


In March 2011, the [[European Commission]] presented the '''EU Transport Roadmap''', which shows pathways to achieve a 60% cut in greenhouse gases from all modes of transport by 2050.<ref>http://ec.europa.eu/news/transport/110328_en.htm</ref>
In March 2011, the European Commission presented the '''EU Transport Roadmap''', which shows pathways to achieve a 60% cut in greenhouse gases from all modes of transport by 2050.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/news_en|title=News|website=European Commission - European Commission|accessdate=26 March 2019}}</ref>

In May 2022, some countries in the European Union strongly reduced the price for traveling on [[public transport]], among others, because this is a relatively climate-friendly mode of transportation: [[Germany]], [[Austria]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], [[Italy]]. Germany reduced the price to 9 euro. In some cities the price was cut by more than 90%. The national rail company of Germany committed to increase the number of trains and extend lines to new destinations. The use of trains significantly increased so that "ticket websites have crashed upon the release of the tickets."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Klinkenberg |first1=Abby |title=PUBLIC TRANSIT PRICES SLASHED ACROSS EUROPE |url=https://www.fairplanet.org/editors-pick/public-transit-prices-slashed-across-europe/ |website=Fair Planet |access-date=6 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Andrei |first1=Mihai |title=Germany slashes public transit fares to reduce fuel usage |url=https://www.zmescience.com/ecology/germany-public-transit-fuel-02062022/ |website=ZME Science |date=3 June 2022 |access-date=6 June 2022}}</ref>
=== The "yellow vest" protest and the lessons from it ===
In 2019 the [[yellow vests protests|yellow vests movement]] rose in France. One of the main reasons was the high price for fuel, introduced by [[Emmanuel Macron|Emmanuel Macron's]] government as part of the program to curb emissions from vehicles. Another cause was the [[Yellow vests protests#Speed limit reduction|reduction of the speed limit]] with the purpose of saving 200 lives per year. The causes of the anger were the heavy reliance of the rural populations on cars and the disproportionality of the tax: the poor who are the less guilty for the emissions were hit harder. The Macron government cancelled the original plans for a fuel tax,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/dec/04/french-government-to-suspend-fuel-tax-increase-say-reports|title=Gilets jaunes protests in France to continue despite fuel tax U-turn|last=Willsher|first=Kim|date=2018-12-04|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-10-16|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> hurting the aim of reducing effects of [[climate change]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rose|first=Simon Carraud, Michel|date=2018-12-04|title=Macron makes U-turn on fuel-tax increases in face of 'yellow vest' protests|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-protests-idUSKBN1O30MX|access-date=2020-12-01}}</ref>

Many{{who?|date=August 2022}} think that the lesson should be: reduce the emissions from vehicles not by tax that hurt the poorest, but by more fairer taxes, making alternatives, for example by [[bike lane|bicycle lanes]], [[bus lane]]s, and lower prices of [[Train|train travel]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/06/world/europe/france-fuel-carbon-tax.html|title='Yellow Vest' Protests Shake France. Here's the Lesson for Climate Change.|last1=J. Rubin|first1=Alissa|date=6 December 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=8 July 2019|last2=Sengupta|first2=Somini}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/152585/frances-yellow-vest-protesters-want-fight-climate-change|title=France's Yellow Vest Protesters Want to Fight Climate Change|last1=Atkin|first1=Emily|date=10 December 2018|accessdate=8 July 2019|agency=The New Republic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=HEYER |first1=JOHANNA |title=What France's 'Yellow Vest' Protests Can Teach California |url=https://www.citylab.com/perspective/2018/12/france-yellow-vest-protest-gax-tax-california-climate-policy/578344/ |website=CityLab |accessdate=8 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Aljets |first1=Janna |title=The Yellow Vests in France |url=https://www.rosalux.eu/topics/political-developments-in-france/the-yellow-vests-in-france/?L=732 |website=Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung |accessdate=8 July 2019}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Energy}}
{{Portal|Energy}}
*[[Directorate-General for Climate Action (European Commission)]]
*[[Directorate-General for Climate Action (European Commission)]]
*[[Climate of Europe]]
*[[Climate of Europe#Climate targets]]
*[[Climate target]]
* [[Energy policy of the European Union]]
* [[Energy policy of the European Union]]
* [[Fit for 55]]
*''[[Making Sweden an Oil-Free Society]]''
*''[[Making Sweden an Oil-Free Society]]''
* [[Renewable energy in the European Union]]
* [[Renewable energy in the European Union]]

Latest revision as of 09:29, 20 March 2024

The European Climate Change Programme (ECCP) was launched in June 2000 by the European Union's European Commission, with the purpose of avoiding dangerous climate change.

The goal of the ECCP is to identify, develop and implement all the necessary elements of an EU strategy to implement the Kyoto Protocol. All EU countries' ratifications of the Kyoto Protocol were deposited simultaneously on 31 May 2002. The ECCP involved all the relevant stakeholders working together, including representatives from Commission's different departments, the member states, industry and environmental groups.[1]

The European Union Emissions Trading System for greenhouse gases (EU ETS) is perhaps the most significant contribution of the ECCP, and the EU ETS is the largest greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme in the world.

In 1996 the EU adopted a target of a maximum 2 °C rise in global mean temperature, compared to pre-industrial levels. Since then, European Leaders have reaffirmed this goal several times.[2][3][4] Due to only minor efforts in global Climate change mitigation it is highly likely that the world will not be able to reach this particular target. The EU might then be forced to accept a less ambitious target or to change its climate policy paradigm.[5]

Vehicles

[edit]
Further information: Transport in the European Union

Under the framework of the European Climate Change Programme, the European Commission was to present in mid-as of 2006 a Communication to the European Parliament and European Council on a revised Community strategy to reduce CO2 emissions from light-duty vehicles. This review will be based on a thorough impact assessment of the existing Community target of a new car fleet average emission of 120 CO2 g/km and of the possible measures that could form part of a revised strategy based on an integrated approach to CO2 emissions reductions.

On 7 February 2007, the European Commission announced plans for new legislation requiring the average carbon dioxide emissions of the vehicles produced in 2012 to be no more than 130 g/km. This is a bit more than the goal of 120, which corresponds to 4.5 L/100 km for diesel and 5 L/100 km for gasoline engines.[6]

In March 2011, the European Commission presented the EU Transport Roadmap, which shows pathways to achieve a 60% cut in greenhouse gases from all modes of transport by 2050.[7]

In May 2022, some countries in the European Union strongly reduced the price for traveling on public transport, among others, because this is a relatively climate-friendly mode of transportation: Germany, Austria, Ireland, Italy. Germany reduced the price to 9 euro. In some cities the price was cut by more than 90%. The national rail company of Germany committed to increase the number of trains and extend lines to new destinations. The use of trains significantly increased so that "ticket websites have crashed upon the release of the tickets."[8][9]

The "yellow vest" protest and the lessons from it

[edit]

In 2019 the yellow vests movement rose in France. One of the main reasons was the high price for fuel, introduced by Emmanuel Macron's government as part of the program to curb emissions from vehicles. Another cause was the reduction of the speed limit with the purpose of saving 200 lives per year. The causes of the anger were the heavy reliance of the rural populations on cars and the disproportionality of the tax: the poor who are the less guilty for the emissions were hit harder. The Macron government cancelled the original plans for a fuel tax,[10] hurting the aim of reducing effects of climate change.[11]

Many[who?] think that the lesson should be: reduce the emissions from vehicles not by tax that hurt the poorest, but by more fairer taxes, making alternatives, for example by bicycle lanes, bus lanes, and lower prices of train travel.[12][13][14][15]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ inadim. "European Climate Change Programme – EUbusiness.com - EU news, business and politics". eubusiness.com. Retrieved 26 March 2019.
  2. ^ "Winning the Battle Against Global Climate Change" (Press release). European Union. 9 February 2005. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
  3. ^ R.S.J. Tol (2007), Europe's long-term climate target: A critical evaluation, Energy Policy, 35 (1), 424–432
  4. ^ Oliver Geden (2013), Modifying the 2°C Target. Climate Policy Objectives in the Contested Terrain of Scientific Policy Advice, Political Preferences, and Rising Emissions Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine, SWP Research Paper 5
  5. ^ Oliver Geden (2012), The End of Climate Policy as We Knew it, SWP Research Paper 2012/RP01
  6. ^ "European Commission - PRESS RELEASES - Press release - Commission plans legislative framework to ensure the EU meets its target for cutting CO2 emissions from cars". europa.eu. Retrieved 26 March 2019.
  7. ^ "News". European Commission - European Commission. Retrieved 26 March 2019.
  8. ^ Klinkenberg, Abby. "PUBLIC TRANSIT PRICES SLASHED ACROSS EUROPE". Fair Planet. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  9. ^ Andrei, Mihai (3 June 2022). "Germany slashes public transit fares to reduce fuel usage". ZME Science. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  10. ^ Willsher, Kim (4 December 2018). "Gilets jaunes protests in France to continue despite fuel tax U-turn". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  11. ^ Rose, Simon Carraud, Michel (4 December 2018). "Macron makes U-turn on fuel-tax increases in face of 'yellow vest' protests". Reuters. Retrieved 1 December 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ J. Rubin, Alissa; Sengupta, Somini (6 December 2018). "'Yellow Vest' Protests Shake France. Here's the Lesson for Climate Change". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  13. ^ Atkin, Emily (10 December 2018). "France's Yellow Vest Protesters Want to Fight Climate Change". The New Republic. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  14. ^ HEYER, JOHANNA. "What France's 'Yellow Vest' Protests Can Teach California". CityLab. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  15. ^ Aljets, Janna. "The Yellow Vests in France". Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
[edit]
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