Zhao Nanqi: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Korean Chinese general (1927–2018)}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}} |
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:''This is a Chinese and Korean name; the family name is [[Zhao (surname)|Zhao (Cho)]].'' |
:''This is a Chinese and Korean name; the family name is [[Zhao (surname)|Zhao (Cho)]].'' |
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox officeholder |
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|name = Zhao Nanqi |
| name = Zhao Nanqi |
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|native_name = 赵南起 |
| native_name = 赵南起 |
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|native_name_lang = zh-cn |
| native_name_lang = zh-cn |
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|image = |
| image = File:Zhao Nanqi.jpg |
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|caption = |
| caption = |
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|office = Director of the [[PLA General Logistics Department]] |
| office = Director of the [[PLA General Logistics Department]] |
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|term_start = 1987 |
| term_start = 1987 |
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|term_end = 1992 |
| term_end = 1992 |
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|predecessor = [[Hong Xuezhi]] |
| predecessor = [[Hong Xuezhi]] |
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|successor = [[Fu Quanyou]] |
| successor = [[Fu Quanyou]] |
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|office1 = President of the [[PLA Academy of Military Science]] |
| office1 = President of the [[PLA Academy of Military Science]] |
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|term_start1 = 1992 |
| term_start1 = 1992 |
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|term_end1 = 1995 |
| term_end1 = 1995 |
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|predecessor1 = [[Jiang Shunxue]] |
| predecessor1 = [[Jiang Shunxue]] |
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|successor1 = [[Xu Huizi]] |
| successor1 = [[Xu Huizi]] |
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|birth_date = {{birth date|1927|4|20|df=y}} |
| birth_date = {{birth date|1927|4|20|df=y}} |
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|birth_place = [[Cheongwon County]], [[Korea under Japanese rule| |
| birth_place = [[Cheongwon County]], [[Korea under Japanese rule|Korea, Empire of Japan]] |
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|death_date = {{death date and age|2018|6|17|1927|4|20|df=y}} |
| death_date = {{death date and age|2018|6|17|1927|4|20|df=y}} |
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|death_place = [[Beijing]], China |
| death_place = [[Beijing]], China |
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|party = [[Communist Party |
| party = [[Chinese Communist Party]] |
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|spouse = Lin Chunshu |
| spouse = Lin Chunshu |
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|allegiance = {{ |
| allegiance = {{PRC}} |
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| branch = {{armed forces|China}} |
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|branch = [[People's Liberation Army]] |
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|serviceyears = 1945–1995 |
| serviceyears = 1945–1995 |
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|rank = [[File:PLAGeneral r.png|48px]] [[Jiang (rank)|General]] |
| rank = [[File:PLAGeneral r.png|48px]] [[Jiang (rank)|General]] |
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|battles = [[Korean War]] |
| battles = [[Korean War]] |
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|awards = |
| awards = |
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|module = {{Infobox Chinese |
| module = {{Infobox Chinese |
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|child = yes |
|child = yes |
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|order=st |
|order=st |
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|t=趙南起 |
|t=趙南起 |
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|p=Zhào Nánqǐ |
|p=Zhào Nánqǐ |
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|w=Chao Nan-ch’i |
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| mi= {{IPAc-cmn|zh|ao|4|-|n|an|2|q|i|3}} |
| mi= {{IPAc-cmn|zh|ao|4|-|n|an|2|q|i|3}} |
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| hangul =조남기 |
| hangul =조남기 |
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| rr = Jo |
| rr = Jo Nam-ki |
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| mr = Cho Nam-gi |
| mr = Cho Nam-gi |
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}} |
}} |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Zhao Nanqi''' ({{zh|s=赵南起}}; 20 April 1927 – 17 June 2018), or '''Cho Nam-gi''' |
'''Zhao Nanqi''' ({{zh|s=赵南起}}; 20 April 1927 – 17 June 2018), or '''Cho Nam-gi''' ({{Korean|hangul=조남기}}), was a General of the People's Republic of China and Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference from 1998 to 2003, and Vice-chairman of the 5th National People's Congress. |
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Born in [[Japanese-ruled Korea]], he moved to [[Jilin]], China as a child. He distinguished himself as a logistics officer of the [[People's Volunteer Army]] during the [[Korean War]]. After the war, he served in the [[People's Liberation Army]] (PLA) Jilin Military District and as Vice Governor of Jilin province. He later served in top leadership positions in the PLA as Director of the [[People's Liberation Army General Logistics Department|General Logistics Department]] (1987–1992), member of the [[Central Military Commission (China)|Central Military Commission]], and President of the [[PLA Academy of Military Science]] (1992–1995). He attained the top military rank of three star General in 1988. From 1998 to 2003 he served as a [[Vice Chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference]]. |
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== Early life == |
== Early life == |
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Cho Nam-gi (Zhao Nanqi in Mandarin Chinese) was born on 20 April 1927 in [[Cheongwon County]] in [[Korea under Japanese rule]] (in present-day [[Cheongju]], [[North Chungcheong Province]], South Korea). Because of Japanese colonial policies that required Koreans to use Japanese-style names, he also used the Japanese surname Toyoda (豊田).<ref name="people">{{Cite web|url=http://dangshi.people.com.cn/GB/85038/14117309.html|title=赵南起:朝鲜族上将的传奇|last=Wu|first=Zhifei|date=11 March 2011|website=People's Daily |
Cho Nam-gi (Zhao Nanqi in Mandarin Chinese) was born on 20 April 1927 in [[Cheongwon County]] in [[Korea under Japanese rule]] (in present-day [[Cheongju]], [[North Chungcheong Province]], South Korea). Because of Japanese colonial policies that required Koreans to use Japanese-style names, he also used the Japanese surname Toyoda (豊田).<ref name="people">{{Cite web|url=http://dangshi.people.com.cn/GB/85038/14117309.html|title=赵南起:朝鲜族上将的传奇|last=Wu|first=Zhifei|date=11 March 2011|website=People's Daily|access-date=18 June 2018 |language=zh}}</ref> |
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In 1939, Zhao's family moved to [[Manchukuo]], the Japanese-controlled puppet state in [[Northeast China]], and settled in [[Yongji County, Jilin]] Province. When Japan surrendered in 1945 at the end of World War II, Chinese rule was restored in Northeast China and Korea regained its independence. Many Koreans in China returned to Korea, but Zhao's family stayed and was recognized as [[Chaoxianzu]] (Chinese of Korean ethnicity).<ref name="people" /> Zhao met General [[Zhou Baozhong]] of the [[Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army]], who recruited him into the army and sent him to study at Northeast Military and Political University, where he learned to speak, read and write Chinese.<ref name="people" /> He participated in the land reform movement in [[Jilin]] and joined the [[Communist Party |
In 1939, Zhao's family moved to [[Manchukuo]], the Japanese-controlled puppet state in [[Northeast China]], and settled in [[Yongji County, Jilin]] Province. When Japan surrendered in 1945 at the end of World War II, Chinese rule was restored in Northeast China and Korea regained its independence. Many Koreans in China returned to Korea, but Zhao's family stayed and was recognized as [[Chaoxianzu]] (Chinese of Korean ethnicity).<ref name="people" /> Zhao met General [[Zhou Baozhong]] of the [[Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army]], who recruited him into the army and sent him to study at Northeast Military and Political University, where he learned to speak, read and write Chinese.<ref name="people" /> He participated in the land reform movement in [[Jilin]] and joined the [[Chinese Communist Party]] in February 1947.<ref name="people" /><ref name="thepaper">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2202725|title=朝鲜族上将赵南起逝世,被称为解放军现代后勤建设的领导者|last=Jiang|first=Ziwen|date=18 June 2018|website=Thepaper.cn|access-date=18 June 2018 |language=zh}}</ref> |
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== Korean War == |
== Korean War == |
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[[File:Zhao Nanqi. Tomb of Mao Anying.jpg|thumb|left|Zhao Nanqi (third from left) at the tomb of [[Mao Anying]], 1958]] |
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When China resolved to intervene in the [[Korean War]] in October 1950, Zhao was deployed to Korea because of his proficiency in the Korean language. He served in the logistics department of the Chinese [[People's Volunteer Army]] (PVA) alongside [[Mao Anying]], the son of Chairman [[Mao Zedong]].<ref name="people" /> Zhao evacuated the cave where the PVA headquarters were located just before American planes bombed it and killed Mao Anying in November 1950.<ref name="people" /> |
When China resolved to intervene in the [[Korean War]] in October 1950, Zhao was deployed to Korea because of his proficiency in the Korean language. He served in the logistics department of the Chinese [[People's Volunteer Army]] (PVA) alongside [[Mao Anying]], the son of Chairman [[Mao Zedong]].<ref name="people" /> Zhao evacuated the cave where the PVA headquarters were located just before American planes bombed it and killed Mao Anying in November 1950.<ref name="people" /> |
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Zhao distinguished himself during the celebrated [[Battle of Triangle Hill]] in October 1952, when the unit under his command braved American aerial bombing and transported 30,000 grenades from [[Dandong|Andong]], China to the 15th Corps in the front line within 15 hours.<ref name="people" /><ref name="thepaper" /> He was also responsible for constructing the building in which the [[Korean Armistice Agreement]] was signed in 1953.<ref name="people" /> |
Zhao distinguished himself during the celebrated [[Battle of Triangle Hill]] in October 1952, when the unit under his command braved American aerial bombing and transported 30,000 grenades from [[Dandong|Andong]], China to the 15th Corps in the front line within 15 hours.<ref name="people" /><ref name="thepaper" /> He was also responsible for constructing the building in which the [[Korean Armistice Agreement]] was signed in 1953.<ref name="people" /> |
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== Later career == |
== Later career == |
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After the Korean War, Zhao served in the [[Yanbian]] Military Subdistrict as a political officer<ref name="thepaper" /> and attained the rank of colonel in 1965.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/2003/Feb/274885.htm|title=赵南起简历 |
After the Korean War, Zhao served in the [[Yanbian]] Military Subdistrict as a political officer<ref name="thepaper" /> and attained the rank of colonel in 1965.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/2003/Feb/274885.htm|title=赵南起简历 |website=China.com.cn |access-date=18 June 2018 |language=zh}}</ref> He was persecuted during the early [[Cultural Revolution]], but was rehabilitated and appointed [[Political Commissar]] of the [[Tonghua]] Military Subdistrict in 1973. He was later promoted to Deputy Political Commissar and then Commissar of the Jilin Military District.<ref name="thepaper" /><ref name="finkelstein2">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HECE1wKgd6kC&pg=PA96|title=Civil-military Relations in Today's China: Swimming in a New Sea |editor1=David M. Finkelstein |editor2=Kristen Gunness |publisher=M.E. Sharpe|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7656-0880-2|pages=96–97}}</ref> |
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In the 1980s, Zhao was the only Chinese military leader who concurrently served in important provincial civilian positions. He became Vice Governor of Jilin Province in April 1980 and was appointed [[ |
In the 1980s, Zhao was the only Chinese military leader who concurrently served in important provincial civilian positions. He became Vice Governor of Jilin Province in April 1980 and was appointed [[Chinese Communist Party Deputy Committee Secretary]] of Jilin in October 1981, serving until 1985.<ref name="finkelstein2" /> |
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In March 1985, Zhao was promoted to Deputy Director of the [[People's Liberation Army General Logistics Department]] (GLD).<ref name="finkelstein2" /> He was promoted again to Director of the GLD in 1987<ref name="cv" /> and was appointed a member of the [[Central Military Commission (China)|Central Military Commission]] in April 1988. When the [[People's Liberation Army]] restored military ranks (which had been abolished in 1965) in September 1988, Zhao was among the 17 PLA officers to attain the rank of full general (''[[shang jiang]]''), and the only one from an ethnic minority.<ref name="people" /> From 1992 to 1995, he served as President of the [[PLA Academy of Military Science]].<ref name="cv" /> |
In March 1985, Zhao was promoted to Deputy Director of the [[People's Liberation Army General Logistics Department]] (GLD).<ref name="finkelstein2" /> He was promoted again to Director of the GLD in 1987<ref name="cv" /> and was appointed a member of the [[Central Military Commission (China)|Central Military Commission]] in April 1988. When the [[People's Liberation Army]] restored military ranks (which had been abolished in 1965) in September 1988, Zhao was among the 17 PLA officers to attain the rank of full general (''[[shang jiang]]''), and the only one from an ethnic minority.<ref name="people" /> From 1992 to 1995, he served as President of the [[PLA Academy of Military Science]].<ref name="cv" /> In July 1995, Zhao officially retired from the People's Liberation Army, marked the end of his 50 years long military career. |
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From 1998 to 2003, Zhao served as vice-chairman of the 9th [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference]] (CPPCC) National Committee.<ref name="thepaper" /> He paid an official visit to North Korea in June 1998 and paid his respects to the grave of Mao Anying. In April 2000, he paid an official visit to South Korea; it was the first time he returned to his place of birth since he left at the age of 12.<ref name="people" /> |
From 1998 to 2003, Zhao served as vice-chairman of the 9th [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference]] (CPPCC) National Committee.<ref name="thepaper" /> He paid an official visit to North Korea in June 1998 and paid his respects to the grave of Mao Anying. In April 2000, he paid an official visit to South Korea; it was the first time he returned to his place of birth since he left at the age of 12.<ref name="people" /> |
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Zhao was a member of the [[12th Central Committee of the Communist Party |
Zhao was a member of the [[12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party|12th]], [[13th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party|13th]] and [[14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party|14th]] Central Committees of the Chinese Communist Party. He also served as vice-chairman of the Nationalities Committee of the [[5th National People's Congress]].<ref name=cv>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chinavitae.com/biography/Zhao_Nanqi|title=Biography of Zhao Nanqi|website=China Vitae|access-date=18 June 2018}}</ref> |
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== Personal life == |
== Personal life == |
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== Death == |
== Death == |
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Zhao Nanqi died in Beijing on 17 June 2018, at the age of 91.<ref name="thepaper" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/2018-06/18/c_1123000394.htm|title=赵南起同志逝世 |publisher=[[Xinhuanet]]|date=18 June 2018| |
Zhao Nanqi died in Beijing on 17 June 2018, at the age of 91.<ref name="thepaper" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/2018-06/18/c_1123000394.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618114043/http://www.xinhuanet.com/2018-06/18/c_1123000394.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 June 2018|title=赵南起同志逝世 |publisher=[[Xinhuanet]]|date=18 June 2018|access-date=18 June 2018|language=zh}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{CPPCC Vice-Chairpersons}} |
{{CPPCC Vice-Chairpersons}} |
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{{authority control}} |
{{authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Zhao, Nanqi}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Zhao, Nanqi}} |
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[[Category:1927 births]] |
[[Category:1927 births]] |
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[[Category:2018 deaths]] |
[[Category:2018 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Chinese |
[[Category:Chinese politicians of Korean descent]] |
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[[Category:Communist Party |
[[Category:Chinese Communist Party politicians from Jilin]] |
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[[Category:People's Liberation Army generals from Jilin]] |
[[Category:People's Liberation Army generals from Jilin]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Korean emigrants to China]] |
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[[Category:People from Cheongju]] |
[[Category:People from Cheongju]] |
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[[Category:Chinese military personnel of the Korean War]] |
[[Category:Chinese military personnel of the Korean War]] |
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[[Category:Political office-holders in Jilin]] |
[[Category:Political office-holders in Jilin]] |
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[[Category:People's Republic of China politicians from Jilin]] |
[[Category:People's Republic of China politicians from Jilin]] |
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[[Category:Members of the 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party |
[[Category:Members of the 12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party]] |
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[[Category:Members of the 13th Central Committee of the Communist Party |
[[Category:Members of the 13th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party]] |
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[[Category:Members of the 14th Central Committee of the Communist Party |
[[Category:Members of the 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party]] |
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[[Category:Vice Chairpersons of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference]] |
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[[Category:Pungyang Jo clan|Nanqi]] |
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[[Category:Korean expatriates in Manchukuo]] |
Latest revision as of 07:09, 2 October 2024
- This is a Chinese and Korean name; the family name is Zhao (Cho).
Zhao Nanqi | |||||||||||
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赵南起 | |||||||||||
Director of the PLA General Logistics Department | |||||||||||
In office 1987–1992 | |||||||||||
Preceded by | Hong Xuezhi | ||||||||||
Succeeded by | Fu Quanyou | ||||||||||
President of the PLA Academy of Military Science | |||||||||||
In office 1992–1995 | |||||||||||
Preceded by | Jiang Shunxue | ||||||||||
Succeeded by | Xu Huizi | ||||||||||
Personal details | |||||||||||
Born | Cheongwon County, Korea, Empire of Japan | 20 April 1927||||||||||
Died | 17 June 2018 Beijing, China | (aged 91)||||||||||
Political party | Chinese Communist Party | ||||||||||
Spouse | Lin Chunshu | ||||||||||
Military service | |||||||||||
Allegiance | People's Republic of China | ||||||||||
Branch/service | People's Liberation Army | ||||||||||
Years of service | 1945–1995 | ||||||||||
Rank | General | ||||||||||
Battles/wars | Korean War | ||||||||||
Chinese name | |||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 赵南起 | ||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 趙南起 | ||||||||||
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Korean name | |||||||||||
Hangul | 조남기 | ||||||||||
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Zhao Nanqi (Chinese: 赵南起; 20 April 1927 – 17 June 2018), or Cho Nam-gi (Korean: 조남기), was a General of the People's Republic of China and Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference from 1998 to 2003, and Vice-chairman of the 5th National People's Congress.
Born in Japanese-ruled Korea, he moved to Jilin, China as a child. He distinguished himself as a logistics officer of the People's Volunteer Army during the Korean War. After the war, he served in the People's Liberation Army (PLA) Jilin Military District and as Vice Governor of Jilin province. He later served in top leadership positions in the PLA as Director of the General Logistics Department (1987–1992), member of the Central Military Commission, and President of the PLA Academy of Military Science (1992–1995). He attained the top military rank of three star General in 1988. From 1998 to 2003 he served as a Vice Chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
Early life
[edit]Cho Nam-gi (Zhao Nanqi in Mandarin Chinese) was born on 20 April 1927 in Cheongwon County in Korea under Japanese rule (in present-day Cheongju, North Chungcheong Province, South Korea). Because of Japanese colonial policies that required Koreans to use Japanese-style names, he also used the Japanese surname Toyoda (豊田).[1]
In 1939, Zhao's family moved to Manchukuo, the Japanese-controlled puppet state in Northeast China, and settled in Yongji County, Jilin Province. When Japan surrendered in 1945 at the end of World War II, Chinese rule was restored in Northeast China and Korea regained its independence. Many Koreans in China returned to Korea, but Zhao's family stayed and was recognized as Chaoxianzu (Chinese of Korean ethnicity).[1] Zhao met General Zhou Baozhong of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army, who recruited him into the army and sent him to study at Northeast Military and Political University, where he learned to speak, read and write Chinese.[1] He participated in the land reform movement in Jilin and joined the Chinese Communist Party in February 1947.[1][2]
Korean War
[edit]When China resolved to intervene in the Korean War in October 1950, Zhao was deployed to Korea because of his proficiency in the Korean language. He served in the logistics department of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) alongside Mao Anying, the son of Chairman Mao Zedong.[1] Zhao evacuated the cave where the PVA headquarters were located just before American planes bombed it and killed Mao Anying in November 1950.[1]
Zhao distinguished himself during the celebrated Battle of Triangle Hill in October 1952, when the unit under his command braved American aerial bombing and transported 30,000 grenades from Andong, China to the 15th Corps in the front line within 15 hours.[1][2] He was also responsible for constructing the building in which the Korean Armistice Agreement was signed in 1953.[1]
After the armistice, Zhao was sent to study at the PLA Logistics Academy. Because of his wartime experience, he was promoted to become a lecturer at the academy after only one year of study, and was asked to write a report of his experience and lessons learned during the war.[1] In 1957, he was appointed the director of the PVA office overseeing the withdrawal of the Chinese forces from Korea. He left North Korea together with the last PVA troops in 1958. After returning to China, he was received by Mao Zedong and Marshal Zhu De.[1]
Later career
[edit]After the Korean War, Zhao served in the Yanbian Military Subdistrict as a political officer[2] and attained the rank of colonel in 1965.[3] He was persecuted during the early Cultural Revolution, but was rehabilitated and appointed Political Commissar of the Tonghua Military Subdistrict in 1973. He was later promoted to Deputy Political Commissar and then Commissar of the Jilin Military District.[2][4]
In the 1980s, Zhao was the only Chinese military leader who concurrently served in important provincial civilian positions. He became Vice Governor of Jilin Province in April 1980 and was appointed Chinese Communist Party Deputy Committee Secretary of Jilin in October 1981, serving until 1985.[4]
In March 1985, Zhao was promoted to Deputy Director of the People's Liberation Army General Logistics Department (GLD).[4] He was promoted again to Director of the GLD in 1987[5] and was appointed a member of the Central Military Commission in April 1988. When the People's Liberation Army restored military ranks (which had been abolished in 1965) in September 1988, Zhao was among the 17 PLA officers to attain the rank of full general (shang jiang), and the only one from an ethnic minority.[1] From 1992 to 1995, he served as President of the PLA Academy of Military Science.[5] In July 1995, Zhao officially retired from the People's Liberation Army, marked the end of his 50 years long military career.
From 1998 to 2003, Zhao served as vice-chairman of the 9th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) National Committee.[2] He paid an official visit to North Korea in June 1998 and paid his respects to the grave of Mao Anying. In April 2000, he paid an official visit to South Korea; it was the first time he returned to his place of birth since he left at the age of 12.[1]
Zhao was a member of the 12th, 13th and 14th Central Committees of the Chinese Communist Party. He also served as vice-chairman of the Nationalities Committee of the 5th National People's Congress.[5]
Personal life
[edit]Zhao was married to Lin Chunshu (林春淑), a fellow Korean War veteran.[1]
Death
[edit]Zhao Nanqi died in Beijing on 17 June 2018, at the age of 91.[2][6]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Wu, Zhifei (11 March 2011). "赵南起:朝鲜族上将的传奇". People's Daily (in Chinese). Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f Jiang, Ziwen (18 June 2018). "朝鲜族上将赵南起逝世,被称为解放军现代后勤建设的领导者". Thepaper.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- ^ "赵南起简历". China.com.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- ^ a b c David M. Finkelstein; Kristen Gunness, eds. (2007). Civil-military Relations in Today's China: Swimming in a New Sea. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 96–97. ISBN 978-0-7656-0880-2.
- ^ a b c "Biography of Zhao Nanqi". China Vitae. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- ^ "赵南起同志逝世" (in Chinese). Xinhuanet. 18 June 2018. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- 1927 births
- 2018 deaths
- Chinese politicians of Korean descent
- Chinese Communist Party politicians from Jilin
- People's Liberation Army generals from Jilin
- Korean emigrants to China
- People from Cheongju
- Chinese military personnel of the Korean War
- Political office-holders in Jilin
- People's Republic of China politicians from Jilin
- Members of the 12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
- Members of the 13th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
- Members of the 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
- Vice Chairpersons of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
- Pungyang Jo clan
- Korean expatriates in Manchukuo