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Coordinates: 53°11′40″N 0°28′18″W / 53.1944°N 0.4717°W / 53.1944; -0.4717
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{{Short description|Village in Lincolnshire, England}}
{{Other uses|Branston (disambiguation){{!}}Branston}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2014}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
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| map_type = Lincolnshire
| map_type = Lincolnshire
| official_name = Branston
| official_name = Branston
| static_image = Branston Church.JPG
| static_image_name = Branston Church.JPG
| static_image_width = 160
| static_image_width = 160
| static_image_caption = All Saints' Church in 2005
| static_image_caption = All Saints' Church in 2005
| population = 4019
| population = 4283
| population_ref = ([[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 Census]])
| population_ref = ([[United Kingdom Census 2021|2021 Census]])
| area_total_km2=1.563
| shire_district = [[North Kesteven]]
| shire_district = [[North Kesteven]]
| shire_county = [[Lincolnshire]]
| shire_county = [[Lincolnshire]]
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}}
}}


'''Branston''' is a large village in the [[North Kesteven]] district of [[Lincolnshire]], England. The village is situated approximately {{convert|4|mi|km|0}} south-east from the city and [[county town]] of [[Lincoln, England|Lincoln]]. It is the principal settlement in the [[Civil parishes in England|civil parish]] of [[Branston and Mere]], population 4019 (in the [[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 Census]]<ref name=census2001>{{cite web|title=Neighbourhood statistics|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/viewFullDataset.do?instanceSelection=03070&productId=779&$ph=60_61&datasetInstanceId=3070&startColumn=1&numberOfColumns=4&containerAreaId=790458|work=2001 census|publisher=Office for national statistics|accessdate=20 April 2013}}</ref>).<ref name=PC>{{cite web|title=Branston and Mere parish council|url=http://parishes.lincolnshire.gov.uk/BranstonandMere/|publisher=Lincolnshire county council|accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref>
'''Branston''' is a large village in the [[civil parish]] of [[Branston and Mere]], in the [[North Kesteven]] district of [[Lincolnshire]], England, {{convert|4|mi|km|0}} south-east of [[Lincoln, England|Lincoln]] on the [[B1188 road]] to [[Sleaford]]. In 2021 it had a population of 4283.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/eastmidlands/lincolnshire/E63001664__branston/|title=Branston|publisher=City Population De.|accessdate=29 December 2023}}</ref> It is the principal settlement in the parish of Branston and Mere.<ref name=PC>{{cite web|title=Branston and Mere parish council|url=http://parishes.lincolnshire.gov.uk/BranstonandMere/|publisher=Lincolnshire county council|access-date=23 November 2013}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
[[File:Branston Water Wheel (geograph 3712221).jpg|thumb|left|Waterwheel formerly used to supply several country houses from the beck]]
[[file:Branston_Water_Wheel_(geograph_1812150).jpg|thumb|left|upright|19thC water pump on Waterwheel Lane in 2010]]
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[[Neolithic]] and [[Bronze Age]] axes have been found in the village, including ten Bronze Age axes in the grounds of [[Branston Hall]] in 1906.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/30386180|title=The Early Iron Age socketed axes in Britain (2015 UCLan PhD thesis)|first=Dot|last=Boughton}}</ref> Evidence has also been found of a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] villa or villa farm near Folly Lane: a Roman memorial stone, part of a statue, a bronze candlestick and pottery fragments.<ref name="slha.org.uk">{{cite web|url=http://www.slha.org.uk/photogallery/index.php?thislocation=Branston|title=Branston|website=www.slha.org.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://romanlincolnshire.wordpress.com/2017/05/31/aurelia-concessa-branstons-virtuous-girl/|title=Aurelia Concessa – Branston's virtuous girl|date=31 May 2017}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tQqV7kdX1Y0C&dq=roman+tombstone+folly+lane&pg=PA180|title=Lincolnshire|first1=Nikolaus|last1=Pevsner|first2=John|last2=Harris|first3=Nicholas|last3=Antram|date=22 November 1989|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=0300096208|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rodcollins.com/wordpress/branston-church-village-history|title=Branston Church & Village History » Rod Collins}}</ref> The inscription on the Roman memorial stone is incomplete but has been translated as 'In this estate (lie the bones of) Aurelia Concessa, a very pure girl'.<ref name="slha.org.uk"/>


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The 1086 ''[[Domesday Book]]'' records a village population of 350, a figure which stayed relatively stable until the 19th century. In the 19th century the population almost tripled, rising to 1216 in 1901.<ref name="heritagegateway.org.uk">{{cite web|url=http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MLI81595&resourceID=1006|title=Heritage Gateway - Results|website=www.heritagegateway.org.uk}}</ref> In the 20th century the population trebled further, to exceed 4000. The character of the village changed much over the second half of the 20th century but Branston has retained much of its historic centre, where the majority of buildings are constructed from local [[limestone]].<ref name=PC/><ref name=HIST>{{cite web|title=Welcome to the Branston History Group website|url=http://www.branstonhistorygroup.org.uk/|publisher=Branston History Group|access-date=23 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/11752|title= History of Branston, in North Kesteven and Lincolnshire|work=a vision of Britain through time|publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth}}</ref>
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[[Neolithic]] and [[Bronze Age]] axes have been found in the village. 10 Bronze Age axes were found on the grounds of [[Branston Hall]] in 1906.<ref>[http://www.academia.edu/30386180/The_Early_Iron_Age_socketed_axes_in_Britain_2015_UCLan_PhD_thesis_ The Early Iron Age Socketed Axes in Britain]</ref> Evidence has also been found of a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] villa or villa farm near Folly Lane: a Roman memorial stone, part of a statue, a bronze candlestick and pottery fragments (photographs here <ref>[http://www.slha.org.uk/photogallery/index.php?thislocation=Branston Society for Lincolnshire History and Arachaeology - Branston]</ref>).<ref>[https://romanlincolnshire.wordpress.com/2017/05/31/aurelia-concessa-branstons-virtuous-girl/ Roman Lincolnshire Revealed]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tQqV7kdX1Y0C&pg=PA180&lpg=PA180&dq=roman+tombstone+folly+lane&source=bl&ots=S52YNW0P9T&sig=G-IGGGd69eN1HS_ZnQvlszLmJcY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjPppmBleXeAhUI_qQKHWSqBrQQ6AEwB3oECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=roman%20tombstone%20folly%20lane&f=false Lincolnshire]</ref><ref>[http://www.rodcollins.com/wordpress/branston-church-village-history - Branston Church & Village History]</ref> The inscription on the Roman memorial stone is incomplete but has been translated as 'In this estate (for, or lie the bones of) Aurelia Concessa, a very pure girl'<ref>[http://www.slha.org.uk/photogallery/index.php?thislocation=Branston Society for Lincolnshire History and Arachaeology - Branston]</ref>.


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The 'Bran' in 'Branston' may refer to a leader with the [[Old Norse|Norse]] name 'Brandr',<ref name="heritagegateway.org.uk"/> in which case the name was likely coined during the [[Danelaw]] in the 9th-11th centuries, or it could be from the same [[Saxon]] root as 'bourne' in [[Old English]] and 'burn' in [[Scots Language|Scots]], referring to the three streams in the village.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o-gIAAAAQAAJ&dq=branston+etymology&pg=RA1-PT30|title=The universal etymological English dictionary|first=Nathan|last=Bailey|date=22 November 2018|publisher=J. and J. Knapton, D. Midwinter and A. Ward, A. Bettesworth and C. Hitch [and 8 others]|via=Google Books}}</ref> In the Domesday book it is listed as Branztune or Branztone.<ref name="branstonandmere.co.uk">{{cite web|url=http://www.branstonandmere.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/PC_Info_Parish_Plan.pdf|title=Parish Plan}}</ref> In the [[Norman Conquest of England|Norman Conquest]], land in Branston was passed from Haminc (Hemming, a thegn of Blankney) to Walter de Aincurt (a Norman Baron and kinsman of [[Remigius de Fécamp]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pase.ac.uk/jsp/Domesday?op=5&personkey=39613|title=Hemming 5|website=www.pase.ac.uk}}</ref> In 1219 the De Aincurt estate passed from Oliver De Aincurt to his wife Amabila Camville, who remarried to Henry Le Eueske.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/lincoln-record-soc/vol2/pp295-306|title=Appendix: Additions to volume 1 - British History Online|website=www.british-history.ac.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.genealogieonline.nl/en/ancestral-trails-2016/I95059.php|title=Amabila Camville (± 1182-????) » Ancestral Trails 2016 » Genealogie Online|first=Patti Lee|last=Salter|website=Genealogie Online}}</ref> Farming in Branston followed an [[open-field system]], with commons for grazing, until [[Enclosure]] in 1765.<ref name="branstonandmere.co.uk" />
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The 1086 ''[[Domesday Book]]'' records a village population as 350, a figure which stayed relatively stable until the 19th century. In the 19th century the population almost tripled, rising to 1216 in 1901<ref>[http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MLI81595&resourceID=1006 Heritage Gateway - Branston Settlement]</ref>. In the 20th century the population trebled further, to exceed 4000. The character of the village changed much over the second half of the 20th Century but the village has retained much of its historic centre – where the majority of buildings are constructed from local [[limestone]].<ref name=PC/><ref name=HIST>{{cite web|title=Welcome to the Branston History Group website|url=http://www.branstonhistorygroup.org.uk/|publisher=Branston History Group|accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/11752|title= History of Branston, in North Kesteven and Lincolnshire|work=a vision of Britain through time|publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth}}</ref>


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The village's most notable buildings are [[Branston Hall]], built 1884-86<ref>{{NHLE |num=1317238 |desc=BRANSTON HALL AND OUTBUILDINGS |accessdate=16 March 2013}}</ref> and Branston All Saints' [[Church (building)|Church]] (parts dating to the 11th century).<ref>{{PastScape|mnumber=349378|mname=All Saints Church|accessdate=22 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="auto"/> Branston Hall was preceded by Branston old hall, dating to 1735, which burnt down in 1903. There was also a major fire at Branston All Saints Church on Christmas Day in 1962.<ref name="branstonandmere.co.uk" />
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The 'Bran' in 'Branston' may refer to a leader with the Norse name 'Brandr'<ref>[http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MLI81595&resourceID=1006 Heritage Gateway - Branston Settlement]</ref>, in which case the name was likely coined during the [[Danelaw]] in the 9th-11th century, or it could be from the same [[Saxon]] root as 'bourne' in old English and 'burn' in Scots, referring to the three streams in the village. <ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=o-gIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PT30&lpg=RA1-PT30&dq=branston+etymology&source=bl&ots=_YpjoA2-Gv&sig=_yBx0S3g1iyywSNJgk7Z9V0je34&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjGzrG0luPeAhVEC8AKHU8mAKg4ChDoATAAegQIBxAB#v=onepage&q=branston%20etymology&f=false The universal etymological English dictionary, Volume 2]</ref> 'ton' was a Saxon suffix indicating a village or town. In the Domesday book it is listed as Branztune or Branztone.<ref>[http://www.branstonandmere.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/PC_Info_Parish_Plan.pdf Parish History]</ref> In the [[Norman Conquest of England|Norman Conquest]], land in Branston was passed from Haminc (Hemming, thane of Blankney) to Walter de Aincurt (a kinsman of [[Remigius de Fécamp]]). In 1219 the De Aincurt estate passed from Oliver De Aincurt to his wife Amabila Camville, who remarried to Henry Le Eueske.<ref>[https://www.british-history.ac.uk/lincoln-record-soc/vol2/pp295-306 British History Online]</ref><ref>[https://www.genealogieonline.nl/en/ancestral-trails-2016/I95059.php Genealogie Online - Amabila Camville]</ref>


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Other historic buildings include a rectory house, built in 1765, and a Wesleyan [[Wesleyan Methodist Church (Great Britain)|Methodist]] chapel, built in 1883, which is of [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic]] style, previously seated 300 and closed in 1998.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lincolnshire.gov.uk/upload/public/attachments/1244/branston_chapel.pdf|title=Lincolnshire Archives]}}</ref> An earlier Methodist chapel, beside it, became a Sunday school. A former public primary school on Branston High Street was built in 1873, and preceded by a fee-paying school on Hall Lane, built in 1837.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.branstonhistorygroup.org.uk/download/95-history-of-primary-education-in-branston/primary-schools|title=Branston History Group - History of Primary Education in Branston}}</ref> Opposite the church still stands a [[blacksmith]]'s forge.
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The village's most notable buildings are [[Branston Hall]], built 1884-86<ref>{{NHLE |num=192299 |desc=BRANSTON HALL AND OUTBUILDINGS |accessdate=16 March 2013}}</ref> and Branston All Saints' Church (parts dating to the 11th century)<ref>{{Cite PastScape|mnumber=349378|mname=All Saints Church|accessdate=22 November 2013}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tQqV7kdX1Y0C&pg=PA180&lpg=PA180&dq=roman+tombstone+folly+lane&source=bl&ots=S52YNW0P9T&sig=G-IGGGd69eN1HS_ZnQvlszLmJcY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjPppmBleXeAhUI_qQKHWSqBrQQ6AEwB3oECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=roman%20tombstone%20folly%20lane&f=false Lincolnshire]</ref>. Branston Hall was preceded by Branston old hall, dating to 1735, which burnt down in 1903 (refer to [[Branston Hall]] article for more information). There was also a major fire at Branston All Saints Church on Christmas day in 1962.<ref>[http://www.branstonandmere.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/PC_Info_Parish_Plan.pdf Parish Plan]</ref>


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Two other [[public houses]] were once located in the village; The Plough which stood on the High Street opposite the Waggon and Horses, which was demolished in the 1970s to straighten a dangerous bend at the centre of the village, and the Bertie Arms, a small public house on Hall Lane, long ago converted into a private dwelling.<ref name=HIST/> The Bertie Arms was named after the family which built Branston old hall. The building now occupied by the [[Home Guard (United Kingdom)|Home Guard]] Club was formerly a [[hops]] store. 19th Century communal water pumps have been preserved on Hall Lane and Waterwheel Lane.<ref>[http://parishes.lincolnshire.gov.uk/branstonandmere/imageDetail.asp?id=57885 Branston & Mere Parish Council - Village Pump, Hall Lane]</ref> The village used to have a [[Branston railway station (Lincolnshire)|railway station]] which was in the parish of Heighington.<ref>{{PastScape|mnumber=506987|mname=Branston and Heighington railway station|accessdate=6 August 2013}}</ref> Before then, Station Road was called Heighington Road. Silver Street was formerly known as Bleak Street.<ref name="branstonandmere.co.uk"/>
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Other historic buildings include a rectory house, built in 1765 and a Wesleyan [[Wesleyan Methodist Church (Great Britain)|Methodist]] chapel, built in 1883, which is of [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic]] style, previously seated 300 and closed in 1998<ref>[https://www.lincolnshire.gov.uk/upload/public/attachments/1244/branston_chapel.pdf Lincolnshire Archives]]</ref> An earlier Methodist chapel, beside it, became a sunday school. A former public primary school on Branston High Street was built in 1873, and preceded by a fee-paying school on Hall Lane, built in 1837 <ref>[https://www.branstonhistorygroup.org.uk/download/95-history-of-primary-education-in-branston/primary-schools Branston History Group - History of Primary Education in Branston]</ref>. Opposite the church still stands the Blacksmith's forge.


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A war memorial to men of the parish killed in the [[First World War]] was erected on the village green in 1920.<ref name=Kellys1933>''[[Kelly's Directory]] of Lincolnshire'' 1933, p.103</ref>
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Two other [[public houses]] were once located in the village; The Plough which stood on the High Street opposite the Waggon and Horses, which was demolished in the 1970s to straighten a dangerous bend at the centre of the village, and the Bertie Arms, a small public house on Rectory Lane, long ago converted into a private dwelling.<ref name=HIST/> The Bertie Arms was named after the family which built Branston old hall. The building now occupied by the Home Guard Club was formerly a [[hops]] store. 19th century communal water pumps have been preserved on the High Street and Waterwheel Lane. The village used to have a [[Branston railway station (Lincolnshire)|railway station]] which was in the parish of Heighington.<ref>{{Cite PastScape|mnumber=506987|mname=Branston and Heighington railway station|accessdate=6 August 2013}}</ref> Before then, Station Road was called Heighington Road. Silver Street was formerly known as Bleak Street.<ref>[http://www.branstonandmere.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/PC_Info_Parish_Plan.pdf Parish Plan]</ref>


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In 1921 the civil parish had a population of 1275.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10403510/cube/TOT_POP|title=Population statistics Branston CP/AP through time|publisher=[[A Vision of Britain through Time]]|accessdate=29 December 2023}}</ref> The civil parish of Branston was merged with that of Mere to form the present unit on 1 April 1931.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |title= Branston and Mere CP through time, Census tables with data for the Parish-level Unit |work=A Vision of Britain through Time |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10403534 |access-date=23 November 2013}}</ref> In the early 1930s parish occupations included twenty-one farmers and one [[Smallholding|smallholder]], two poultry breeders, a horse dealer, a haulage contractor, two coal dealers, a motor bus proprietor, a cycle dealer, a fried fish dealer, three blacksmiths, a [[wheelwright]], a plumber, two carpenters, a boot maker, two butchers, two grocers, three shopkeepers, two tailors, one of whom ran the post office, and four pub landlords.<ref name=Kellys1933/>
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A war memorial to men of the parish killed in the [[First World War]] was erected on the village green in 1920.<ref name=Kellys1933/>


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Abel Smith Gardens was built on former allotments. In July 1977 more than fifty children from the junior school had to go to Lincoln County Hospital after a crop spraying aircraft inadvertently sprayed their playground. The insecticide was a mixture of [[Demeton|meta-systox]] and [[Pirimicarb|aphox]]; [[organophosphate]] and [[carbamate]] compounds designed to clear crops of [[aphid]]s.<ref>{{cite journal|title=AERIAL CROP SPRAYING: BRANSTON INCIDENT|series=House of Lords debates|journal=Hansard|date=22 July 1977|volume=386|pages=612–4|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1977/jul/22/aerial-crop-spraying-branston-incident|access-date=23 November 2013}}</ref> A hotel called Moor Lodge Hotel stood on Moor Lane until it was demolished in 2005 to make way for housing.
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The civil parish of Branston was merged with that of Mere to form the present unit in 1931.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |title= Branston and Mere CP through time, Census tables with data for the Parish-level Unit, |work=A Vision of Britain through Time |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10403534 |accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref> In the early 1930s parish occupations included twenty-one farmers and one [[Smallholding|smallholder]], two poultry breeders, a horse dealer, a haulage contractor, two coal dealers, a motor bus proprietor, a cycle dealer, a fried fish dealer, three blacksmiths, a [[wheelwright]], a plumber, two carpenters, a boot maker, two butchers, two grocers, three shopkeepers, two tailors, one of whom ran the post office, and four pub landlords.<ref name=Kellys1933/>

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Abel Smith Gardens was built on former allotments. In July 1977 more than fifty children from the junior school had to go to Lincoln County Hospital after a crop spraying aircraft inadvertently sprayed their playground. The insecticide was a mixture of [[Demeton|meta-systox]] and [[Pirimicarb|aphox]]; [[organophosphate]] and [[carbamate]] compounds designed to clear crops of [[aphid]]s.<ref>{{cite journal|title=AERIAL CROP SPRAYING: BRANSTON INCIDENT|series=House of Lords debates|journal=Hansard|date=22 July 1977|volume=386|pages=612–4|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/lords/1977/jul/22/aerial-crop-spraying-branston-incident|accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref> A hotel called Moor Lodge Hotel stood on Moor Lane until it was recently demolished to make way for housing.


==Geography and ecology==
==Geography and ecology==
[[File:Caltha palustris, Branston Jungle Local Nature Reserve, April 2018.jpg|thumb|''[[Caltha palustris]] (marsh-marigold)'', one of many native wildflowers found in Branston Jungle Local Nature Reserve]]
{{Main|Branston and Mere}}
[[File:Branston Jungle Local Nature Reserve, December 2016, a marsh in Lincolnshire.jpg|thumb|left|Branston Jungle Local Nature Reserve in December 2016, [[alder]], [[sallow]] and [[birch]] trees and much [[reed sweet grass]]]]
The village of Branston is on the [[B1188 road]], from [[Lincoln, United Kingdom|Lincoln]] to [[Sleaford]]. It is built around the shallow valleys of three [[limestone]] streams, all of which originate within 3 miles of the village, before merging and flowing northwards toward Washingborough, to join the [[River Witham]]. One originates at Westfield Farm, another at Mere Farm and another near Highfield House. Smaller freshwater [[Spring (hydrology)|springs]] have been found in the valleys.
Most of the village is around {{convert|45|m|ft}} above sea level.<ref name=OS272>{{cite map |publisher=Ordnance survey of Great Britain |title=Lincoln:Sleaford, Metheringham & Navenby |date=3 April 2006 |scale=1:25 000 |series=OS Explorer |section=272 |edition=A1 |isbn=9780319238202}}</ref> It is built around the shallow valleys of three [[limestone]] [[streams]] which originate within {{convert|3|mi|km}} of the village, at Westfield Farm, at Mere Farm and near Highfield House. These merge and flow northwards, joining the [[River Witham]] at [[Washingborough]]. Smaller freshwater [[Spring (hydrology)|springs]] have been found in the valleys.


Most of the village is around 45m above sea level.<ref name=OS272>{{cite map |publisher=Ordnance survey of Great Britain |title=Lincoln:Sleaford, Metheringham & Navenby |date=3 April 2006 |scale=1:25 000 |series=OS Explorer |section=272 |edition=A1 |isbn=9780319238202}}</ref> The bedrock under the village is [[Jurassic]] [[limestone]]. [[Fossils]] found in Branston are mostly marine animals, including [[ammonites]], [[crinoids]] and [[coral]], reflecting the fact that the county was under the sea for much of prehistory. Arable farmland now dominates the surrounding countryside. The main crops are [[wheat]], [[barley]] and [[potatoes]]. [[Sheep]] and [[horses]] are also raised in the village. Wildlife found in the arable fields includes [[barn owl]], [[linnet]] and [[northern lapwing]].
The bedrock under the village is [[Jurassic]] [[limestone]]. [[Fossils]] in it are mostly marine animals, including [[ammonites]], [[crinoids]] and [[coral]], reflecting the fact that the area was under the sea for much of prehistory.


A [[marsh]] occupies the valley in the middle of the village, part of which is designated a [[local nature reserve]]. The marsh is fed by two of the village streams but also probably by freshwater springs. Wildlife found in the local nature reserve, known as Branston Jungle, includes [[Rallus aquaticus|water rail]], [[Rana temporaria|common frog]], [[Sylvia atricapilla|blackcap]], [[Humulus lupulus|hops]], [[Caltha palustris|kingcup]] and [[Alnus glutinosa|alder]]. Woodlands surrounding Branston Hall Hotel and within the boundary of the Village Conservation Area feature rare plants as well as [[tawny owls]], [[stoats]] and [[Garrulus glandarius|jays]].
Arable farmland now dominates the surrounding countryside. The main crops are [[wheat]], [[barley]] and [[potatoes]]. [[Sheep]], [[horses]] and [[pigs]] are also raised in the village. Wildlife found in the arable fields includes [[Western barn owl|barn owl]], [[linnet]] and [[northern lapwing]].
A [[marsh]] occupies the valley in the middle of the village, part of which is designated a [[local nature reserve|Local Nature Reserve]]. The marsh is fed by two of the village streams but also probably by freshwater springs. Wildlife found in the local nature reserve, known as Branston Jungle, includes [[Rallus aquaticus|water rail]], [[Rana temporaria|common frog]], [[Sylvia atricapilla|blackcap]], [[Humulus lupulus|hops]], [[Iris pseudacorus|yellow flag iris]] and [[Alnus glutinosa|alder]]. Woodlands surrounding Branston Hall Hotel and within the boundary of the Village Conservation Area feature a range of woodland wildflowers as well as [[tawny owls]], [[stoats]] and [[Garrulus glandarius|jays]].

Since 2014, part of the cemetary on Branston High Street has been converted into a wildflower [[meadow]], which is traditionally managed by the Branston and Mere Parish Council. Unusual plant species in the meadow include ''[[Scabiosa|Scabiosa columbaria]]'', ''[[Stachys officinalis]]'', ''[[Clinopodium vulgare]]'' and ''[[Rhinanthus minor]]''. Some of these species were historically wiped out in the Branston area due to changing farming practices and now cannot be found anywhere else around the village. Animals observed in the wildflower meadow include [[vole]], [[common toad]] and [[grey partridge]].


==Amenities==
==Amenities==
[[File:UK Branston (Lincolnshire) (SideA).jpg|thumb|120px|upright|Signpost in Branston]]
[[File:UK Branston (Lincolnshire) (SideA).jpg|thumb|upright=0.55|[[Village sign]] in Branston]]
Branston has one [[public house]], the Waggon and Horses, a modern building which stands on the High Street close to the historic centre of the village. About {{convert|110|yd|m}} farther along the High Street is the [[Home Guard (United Kingdom)|Home Guard]] Club, a private members club.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/BranstonHomeGuardClub|title=Branston Home Guard Social Club}}</ref> The bar at Branston Hall Hotel is open to visitors and residents. There are two cafés on the High Street and a supermarket on Station Road. There are three takeaway restaurants. Social activities take place at the Church Hall on Church Hill as well as at the Village Hall on Lincoln Road.
Branston has one [[public house]], the Waggon and Horses, a modern building which stands on the High Street close to the historic centre of the village. About {{convert|110|yd|m}} farther along the High Street is the [[Home Guard (United Kingdom)|Home Guard]] Club, a private members club.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/BranstonHomeGuardClub|title=Branston Home Guard Social Club|website=[[Facebook]]}}</ref> The bar at Branston Hall Hotel is open to visitors and residents. There is a café on the High Street and a supermarket on Station Road. There are four takeaway restaurants. Social activities take place at the Church Hall on Church Hill as well as at the Village Hall on Lincoln Road.


Public recreation grounds can be found on Lincoln Road and Moor Lane. There are tennis courts, a skate park and lawns for bowls. Herons Fitness operate a swimming pool at Branston Community Academy. Pottergate Golf Club is on Moor Lane.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://branstonclub.co.uk/|title=Branston golf club|accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref> There are three hairdressers, beauty salons and a spa. In the village there are social clubs for knitting, gardening and [[Lego]] construction. An annual garden show takes places at the Village Hall on Lincoln Road and there is a Christmas Market each winter, located close to the church.
Public recreation grounds can be found on Lincoln Road and Moor Lane. There are tennis courts, a skate park and lawns for bowls. Herons Fitness operate a swimming pool at Branston Community Academy. Pottergate Golf Club is on Moor Lane.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://branstonclub.co.uk/|title=Branston golf club|access-date=23 November 2013}}</ref> There are three hairdressers, beauty salons and a spa. In the village there are social clubs for knitting, gardening and [[Lego]] construction. An annual garden show takes place at the Village Hall on Lincoln Road and there is a Christmas Market each winter, located close to the church.


There are two doctors' surgeries in the village; one on Station Road and the other on Beech Road. Lincoln County Hospital is only five miles away. Creche facilities are available at the Infant School and on the grounds of Branston Community Academy. Also at Branston Community Academy secondary school, there is a medium-sized public [[library]] run by volunteers. Branston All Saints Church is a [[Protestant Christian]] place of worship.
There are two doctors' surgeries in the village; one on Station Road and the other on Beech Road. Lincoln County Hospital is only five miles away. Creche facilities are available at the Infant School and on the grounds of Branston Community Academy. Also at Branston Community Academy secondary school, there is a medium-sized public [[library]] run by volunteers. Branston All Saints' Church is an Anglican place of worship.


==Education==
==Education==
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==Economy==
==Economy==
Although most of the community are employed in the nearby city of [[Lincoln, United Kingdom|Lincoln]], Branston is the location for the national headquarters of Branston Potatoes, a potato processing company, which founded in 1968 and employs 600 people nationwide as of 2018. <ref>[https://www.insidermedia.com/insider/midlands/profits-dip-at-major-potato-supplier Insider Media]</ref> The three schools in the village also provide a lot of employment. Branston Pickle is named after [[Branston, Staffordshire|Branston]] in Staffordshire, where it was originally made, and not the village in Lincolnshire.<ref>[https://bringoutthebranston.co.uk/about/history/ Bring Out The Branston]</ref>
Most local employment is the nearby city of [[Lincoln, United Kingdom|Lincoln]]. Branston Potatoes, founded in 1968 employs 600 people nationwide as of 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insidermedia.com/insider/midlands/profits-dip-at-major-potato-supplier|title=Profits dip at major potato supplier|first=Insider Media|last=Ltd}}</ref> The three schools in the village also provide employment.


A 94 hectare '[[solar power|solar]] park' is due to be built between Mere Road and Sleaford Road, to generate electricity for the [[National Grid (Great Britain)|National Grid]]. It is estimated that it will produce enough electricity to power 15,000 homes. Planning permission is temporary, for 35 years, after which time it may be dismantled and returned to agricultural use.<ref>[https://thelincolnite.co.uk/2018/02/new-solar-park-approved-in-branston/ The Lincolnite - New Solar Park Approved in Branston]</ref>
A 94 hectare solar park was built between Mere Road and Sleaford Road, to generate electricity for the [[National Grid (Great Britain)|National Grid]]. It has been estimated that it will produce enough electricity to power 15,000 homes. Planning permission is temporary, for 35 years, after which time it may be dismantled and returned to agricultural use.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thelincolnite.co.uk/2018/02/new-solar-park-approved-in-branston/|title=New solar park approved in Branston|date=20 February 2018}}</ref>


There has been a recent decline in retail businesses in the village, despite population growth. Since 1990 Branston has lost all its newsagents and post offices, as well as its hardware store and greengrocer. Other business history listed here <ref>[https://www.branstonhistorygroup.org.uk/download/61-branston-shops-and-businesses-through-the-ages/shops] Branston History Group</ref>.
There has been a recent decline in retail businesses in the village, despite population growth. Since 1990 Branston has lost all its newsagents and post offices, as well as its hardware store and greengrocer.<ref>[https://www.branstonhistorygroup.org.uk/download/61-branston-shops-and-businesses-through-the-ages/shops] Branston History Group</ref>


Formerly, the local economy was based around [[wool]] production, as evidenced by the remains of the Sheepwash on Rectory Lane and the name of Dye House Farm. Wool and other goods were transported to the [[River Witham]] along Branston Causeway. In 2016 the artist James Sutton was commissioned by the Branston Christmas Market Committee and Branston History Group to produce a metal sculpture called '[[Lincoln sheep|Lincoln Longwool]] Sheep Heading for the Sheepwash', located on the High Street, to commemorate this past and a local variety of sheep, which has the longest fleece of any breed in the world.<ref>[http://www.artsnk.org/news/2016/11/new-artwork-unveiled-for-branston-heritage-trail/ Arts NK - New artwork unveiled for Branston heritage trail]</ref> Wool production became uneconomical for most of the United Kingdom in the mid-20th century, due to cheap imports, and farmland in Lincolnshire transitioned away from mixed farming, to specialising in arable cropping, over the same period.
Formerly, the local economy was based around [[wool]] production, as evidenced by the remains of the Sheepwash on Rectory Lane and the name of Dye House Farm. Wool and other goods were transported to the [[River Witham]] along Branston Causeway. In 2016 the artist James Sutton was commissioned by the Branston Christmas Market Committee and Branston History Group to produce a metal sculpture called '[[Lincoln sheep|Lincoln Longwool]] Sheep Heading for the Sheepwash', located on the High Street, to commemorate this past and a local variety of sheep, which has the longest fleece of any breed in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artsnk.org/news/2016/11/new-artwork-unveiled-for-branston-heritage-trail/|title=New artwork unveiled for Branston heritage trail - artsNK|last=Surface|website=www.artsnk.org}}</ref> Wool production became uneconomical for most of the United Kingdom in the mid-20th century, due to cheap imports, and farmland in Lincolnshire transitioned away from mixed farming, to specialising in arable cropping.


== References ==
== References ==
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* {{OpenDomesday|TF0267|branston|Branston}}
* {{OpenDomesday|TF0267|branston|Branston}}


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[[Category:Villages in Lincolnshire]]
[[Category:Villages in Lincolnshire]]

Latest revision as of 14:36, 2 December 2024

For other uses, see Branston.

Branston
All Saints' Church in 2005
Branston is located in Lincolnshire
Branston
Branston
Location within Lincolnshire
Area1.563 km2 (0.603 sq mi)
Population4,283 (2021 Census)
• Density2,740/km2 (7,100/sq mi)
OS grid referenceTF021673
• London120 mi (190 km) S
Civil parish
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townLINCOLN
Postcode districtLN4
Dialling code01522
PoliceLincolnshire
FireLincolnshire
AmbulanceEast Midlands
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Lincolnshire
53°11′40″N 0°28′18″W / 53.1944°N 0.4717°W / 53.1944; -0.4717

Branston is a large village in the civil parish of Branston and Mere, in the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England, 4 miles (6 km) south-east of Lincoln on the B1188 road to Sleaford. In 2021 it had a population of 4283.[1] It is the principal settlement in the parish of Branston and Mere.[2]

History

[edit]
Waterwheel formerly used to supply several country houses from the beck
19thC water pump on Waterwheel Lane in 2010

Neolithic and Bronze Age axes have been found in the village, including ten Bronze Age axes in the grounds of Branston Hall in 1906.[3] Evidence has also been found of a Roman villa or villa farm near Folly Lane: a Roman memorial stone, part of a statue, a bronze candlestick and pottery fragments.[4][5][6][7] The inscription on the Roman memorial stone is incomplete but has been translated as 'In this estate (lie the bones of) Aurelia Concessa, a very pure girl'.[4]

The 1086 Domesday Book records a village population of 350, a figure which stayed relatively stable until the 19th century. In the 19th century the population almost tripled, rising to 1216 in 1901.[8] In the 20th century the population trebled further, to exceed 4000. The character of the village changed much over the second half of the 20th century but Branston has retained much of its historic centre, where the majority of buildings are constructed from local limestone.[2][9][10]

The 'Bran' in 'Branston' may refer to a leader with the Norse name 'Brandr',[8] in which case the name was likely coined during the Danelaw in the 9th-11th centuries, or it could be from the same Saxon root as 'bourne' in Old English and 'burn' in Scots, referring to the three streams in the village.[11] In the Domesday book it is listed as Branztune or Branztone.[12] In the Norman Conquest, land in Branston was passed from Haminc (Hemming, a thegn of Blankney) to Walter de Aincurt (a Norman Baron and kinsman of Remigius de Fécamp).[13] In 1219 the De Aincurt estate passed from Oliver De Aincurt to his wife Amabila Camville, who remarried to Henry Le Eueske.[14][15] Farming in Branston followed an open-field system, with commons for grazing, until Enclosure in 1765.[12]

The village's most notable buildings are Branston Hall, built 1884-86[16] and Branston All Saints' Church (parts dating to the 11th century).[17][6] Branston Hall was preceded by Branston old hall, dating to 1735, which burnt down in 1903. There was also a major fire at Branston All Saints Church on Christmas Day in 1962.[12]

Other historic buildings include a rectory house, built in 1765, and a Wesleyan Methodist chapel, built in 1883, which is of Gothic style, previously seated 300 and closed in 1998.[18] An earlier Methodist chapel, beside it, became a Sunday school. A former public primary school on Branston High Street was built in 1873, and preceded by a fee-paying school on Hall Lane, built in 1837.[19] Opposite the church still stands a blacksmith's forge.

Two other public houses were once located in the village; The Plough which stood on the High Street opposite the Waggon and Horses, which was demolished in the 1970s to straighten a dangerous bend at the centre of the village, and the Bertie Arms, a small public house on Hall Lane, long ago converted into a private dwelling.[9] The Bertie Arms was named after the family which built Branston old hall. The building now occupied by the Home Guard Club was formerly a hops store. 19th Century communal water pumps have been preserved on Hall Lane and Waterwheel Lane.[20] The village used to have a railway station which was in the parish of Heighington.[21] Before then, Station Road was called Heighington Road. Silver Street was formerly known as Bleak Street.[12]

A war memorial to men of the parish killed in the First World War was erected on the village green in 1920.[22]

In 1921 the civil parish had a population of 1275.[23] The civil parish of Branston was merged with that of Mere to form the present unit on 1 April 1931.[24] In the early 1930s parish occupations included twenty-one farmers and one smallholder, two poultry breeders, a horse dealer, a haulage contractor, two coal dealers, a motor bus proprietor, a cycle dealer, a fried fish dealer, three blacksmiths, a wheelwright, a plumber, two carpenters, a boot maker, two butchers, two grocers, three shopkeepers, two tailors, one of whom ran the post office, and four pub landlords.[22]

Abel Smith Gardens was built on former allotments. In July 1977 more than fifty children from the junior school had to go to Lincoln County Hospital after a crop spraying aircraft inadvertently sprayed their playground. The insecticide was a mixture of meta-systox and aphox; organophosphate and carbamate compounds designed to clear crops of aphids.[25] A hotel called Moor Lodge Hotel stood on Moor Lane until it was demolished in 2005 to make way for housing.

Geography and ecology

[edit]
Caltha palustris (marsh-marigold), one of many native wildflowers found in Branston Jungle Local Nature Reserve
Branston Jungle Local Nature Reserve in December 2016, alder, sallow and birch trees and much reed sweet grass

Most of the village is around 45 metres (148 ft) above sea level.[26] It is built around the shallow valleys of three limestone streams which originate within 3 miles (4.8 km) of the village, at Westfield Farm, at Mere Farm and near Highfield House. These merge and flow northwards, joining the River Witham at Washingborough. Smaller freshwater springs have been found in the valleys.

The bedrock under the village is Jurassic limestone. Fossils in it are mostly marine animals, including ammonites, crinoids and coral, reflecting the fact that the area was under the sea for much of prehistory.

Arable farmland now dominates the surrounding countryside. The main crops are wheat, barley and potatoes. Sheep, horses and pigs are also raised in the village. Wildlife found in the arable fields includes barn owl, linnet and northern lapwing. A marsh occupies the valley in the middle of the village, part of which is designated a Local Nature Reserve. The marsh is fed by two of the village streams but also probably by freshwater springs. Wildlife found in the local nature reserve, known as Branston Jungle, includes water rail, common frog, blackcap, hops, yellow flag iris and alder. Woodlands surrounding Branston Hall Hotel and within the boundary of the Village Conservation Area feature a range of woodland wildflowers as well as tawny owls, stoats and jays.

Amenities

[edit]
Village sign in Branston

Branston has one public house, the Waggon and Horses, a modern building which stands on the High Street close to the historic centre of the village. About 110 yards (100 m) farther along the High Street is the Home Guard Club, a private members club.[27] The bar at Branston Hall Hotel is open to visitors and residents. There is a café on the High Street and a supermarket on Station Road. There are four takeaway restaurants. Social activities take place at the Church Hall on Church Hill as well as at the Village Hall on Lincoln Road.

Public recreation grounds can be found on Lincoln Road and Moor Lane. There are tennis courts, a skate park and lawns for bowls. Herons Fitness operate a swimming pool at Branston Community Academy. Pottergate Golf Club is on Moor Lane.[28] There are three hairdressers, beauty salons and a spa. In the village there are social clubs for knitting, gardening and Lego construction. An annual garden show takes place at the Village Hall on Lincoln Road and there is a Christmas Market each winter, located close to the church.

There are two doctors' surgeries in the village; one on Station Road and the other on Beech Road. Lincoln County Hospital is only five miles away. Creche facilities are available at the Infant School and on the grounds of Branston Community Academy. Also at Branston Community Academy secondary school, there is a medium-sized public library run by volunteers. Branston All Saints' Church is an Anglican place of worship.

Education

[edit]

Branston C of E Infant School is located on Beech Road, to the northern end of the village. Branston Junior School is located on Station Road, close to the Co-op supermarket. Branston's secondary school is Branston Community Academy, situated on the outskirts of the village on the road to Heighington; the public library is situated in the school. Further education opportunities include Branston Community Academy Sixth Form and Lincoln College. Due to the concentration of schools in the village, children travel to Branston for school from many nearby villages. The nearest Higher Education institutions are the University of Lincoln and Bishop Grosseteste University (four and five miles away, respectively).

Economy

[edit]

Most local employment is the nearby city of Lincoln. Branston Potatoes, founded in 1968 employs 600 people nationwide as of 2018.[29] The three schools in the village also provide employment.

A 94 hectare solar park was built between Mere Road and Sleaford Road, to generate electricity for the National Grid. It has been estimated that it will produce enough electricity to power 15,000 homes. Planning permission is temporary, for 35 years, after which time it may be dismantled and returned to agricultural use.[30]

There has been a recent decline in retail businesses in the village, despite population growth. Since 1990 Branston has lost all its newsagents and post offices, as well as its hardware store and greengrocer.[31]

Formerly, the local economy was based around wool production, as evidenced by the remains of the Sheepwash on Rectory Lane and the name of Dye House Farm. Wool and other goods were transported to the River Witham along Branston Causeway. In 2016 the artist James Sutton was commissioned by the Branston Christmas Market Committee and Branston History Group to produce a metal sculpture called 'Lincoln Longwool Sheep Heading for the Sheepwash', located on the High Street, to commemorate this past and a local variety of sheep, which has the longest fleece of any breed in the world.[32] Wool production became uneconomical for most of the United Kingdom in the mid-20th century, due to cheap imports, and farmland in Lincolnshire transitioned away from mixed farming, to specialising in arable cropping.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Branston". City Population De. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Branston and Mere parish council". Lincolnshire county council. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  3. ^ Boughton, Dot. "The Early Iron Age socketed axes in Britain (2015 UCLan PhD thesis)". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ^ a b "Branston". www.slha.org.uk.
  5. ^ "Aurelia Concessa – Branston's virtuous girl". 31 May 2017.
  6. ^ a b Pevsner, Nikolaus; Harris, John; Antram, Nicholas (22 November 1989). Lincolnshire. Yale University Press. ISBN 0300096208 – via Google Books.
  7. ^ "Branston Church & Village History » Rod Collins".
  8. ^ a b "Heritage Gateway - Results". www.heritagegateway.org.uk.
  9. ^ a b "Welcome to the Branston History Group website". Branston History Group. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  10. ^ "History of Branston, in North Kesteven and Lincolnshire". a vision of Britain through time. GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth.
  11. ^ Bailey, Nathan (22 November 2018). "The universal etymological English dictionary". J. and J. Knapton, D. Midwinter and A. Ward, A. Bettesworth and C. Hitch [and 8 others] – via Google Books.
  12. ^ a b c d "Parish Plan" (PDF).
  13. ^ "Hemming 5". www.pase.ac.uk.
  14. ^ "Appendix: Additions to volume 1 - British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk.
  15. ^ Salter, Patti Lee. "Amabila Camville (± 1182-????) » Ancestral Trails 2016 » Genealogie Online". Genealogie Online.
  16. ^ Historic England. "BRANSTON HALL AND OUTBUILDINGS (1317238)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  17. ^ Historic England. "All Saints Church (349378)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  18. ^ "Lincolnshire Archives]" (PDF).
  19. ^ "Branston History Group - History of Primary Education in Branston".
  20. ^ Branston & Mere Parish Council - Village Pump, Hall Lane
  21. ^ Historic England. "Branston and Heighington railway station (506987)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 6 August 2013.
  22. ^ a b Kelly's Directory of Lincolnshire 1933, p.103
  23. ^ "Population statistics Branston CP/AP through time". A Vision of Britain through Time. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  24. ^ "Branston and Mere CP through time, Census tables with data for the Parish-level Unit". A Vision of Britain through Time. GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  25. ^ "AERIAL CROP SPRAYING: BRANSTON INCIDENT". Hansard. House of Lords debates. 386: 612–4. 22 July 1977. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  26. ^ Lincoln:Sleaford, Metheringham & Navenby (Map) (A1 ed.). 1:25 000. OS Explorer. Ordnance survey of Great Britain. 3 April 2006. § 272. ISBN 9780319238202.
  27. ^ "Branston Home Guard Social Club". Facebook.
  28. ^ "Branston golf club". Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  29. ^ Ltd, Insider Media. "Profits dip at major potato supplier".
  30. ^ "New solar park approved in Branston". 20 February 2018.
  31. ^ [1] Branston History Group
  32. ^ Surface. "New artwork unveiled for Branston heritage trail - artsNK". www.artsnk.org.
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