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In the introduced bar, I put May 8th, 1886.
 
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{{short description|A sweetened,carbonated soft drink}}
{{Short description|Carbonated soft drink}}
{{About|the beverage}}
{{About|the beverage}}
{{Infobox beverage
{{Infobox drink
| name = Cola
| name = Cola
| image = [[File:Tumbler of cola with ice.jpg|220px]]
| image = Glass of Cola.jpg
| caption = A glass of cola served with [[ice cube]]s
| caption = A glass of cola served with [[ice cube]]s
| type = [[Soft drink]]
| type = [[Soft drink]]
| abv =
| abv =
| proof =
| proof =
| manufacturer =Various
| manufacturer = Various
| distributor =
| distributor =
| origin =United States
| origin = [[United States]]
| introduced = {{Start date and age|1886|5|8}}<ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://happydazeblog.com/2017/05/01/may-8-1886-soda-pop-invented/ |title=The 132nd Anniversary of the Day Soda Pop Was Invented - the Happy Daze Blog takes an amusing look at wacky holidays, weird holidays, and happy holidays found in every month, and tells how to celebrate them |access-date=December 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327172406/http://happydazeblog.com/2017/05/01/may-8-1886-soda-pop-invented/ |archive-date=March 27, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.interexchange.org/articles/career-training-usa/2016/03/08/history-coca-cola/ |title=History of Coca-Cola · InterExchange |access-date=March 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327102537/https://www.interexchange.org/articles/career-training-usa/2016/03/08/history-coca-cola/ |archive-date=March 27, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> (as [[Coca-Cola]])
| introduced = May 8th, 1886
| discontinued =
| discontinued =
| color = [[Caramel color|Caramel]]
| color = [[Caramel]] (with certain exceptions such as [[Zevia]] Cola and [[Kola Román]])
| flavor = Cola (kola nut, citrus, cinnamon and vanilla)
| flavor = Cola ([[Kola nut]], citrus, cinnamon and vanilla)
| variants =
| variants =
| related =
| related =
| website =
| website =
}}
}}


'''Cola''' is a sweetened, [[Carbonation|carbonated]] [[soft drink]] flavored with [[vanilla]], [[cinnamon]], [[citrus]] [[essential oil|oils]] and other flavorings. Most contain [[caffeine]], which was originally sourced from the [[kola nut]], leading to the drink's name, though other sources are now also used. Cola became popular worldwide after [[pharmacist]] [[John Pemberton]] invented [[Coca-Cola]] in 1886.<ref name="cocaine">{{cite web|url=http://www.cocaine.org/cocawine.htm |title=Coca Wine |publisher=Cocaine.org |date= |accessdate=September 29, 2013}}</ref> His non-alcoholic recipe was inspired by the [[coca wine]] of [[pharmacist]] [[Angelo Mariani (chemist)|Angelo Mariani]], created in 1863.<ref name="cocaine" />
'''Cola''' is a [[Carbonation|carbonated]] [[soft drink]] flavored with [[vanilla]], [[cinnamon]], [[citrus]] [[essential oil|oils]], and other flavorings. Cola became popular worldwide after the American pharmacist [[John Stith Pemberton]] invented [[Coca-Cola]], a trademarked brand, in 1886, which was imitated by other manufacturers. Most colas originally contained [[caffeine]] from the [[kola nut]] (''[[Cola acuminata]]''), leading to the drink's name, though other sources of caffeine are generally used in modern formulations. The Pemberton cola drink also contained a [[coca leaves|coca plant]] extract.<ref name="Archived copy"/><ref name="cocaine">{{cite web |url=http://www.cocaine.org/cocawine.htm |title=Coca Wine |publisher=Cocaine.org |access-date=September 29, 2013 |archive-date=February 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224232916/http://www.cocaine.org/cocawine.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> His [[non-alcoholic]] [[Coca-Cola formula|recipe]] was inspired by the [[coca wine]] of pharmacist [[Angelo Mariani (chemist)|Angelo Mariani]], created in 1863.<ref name="cocaine" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=최재원|date=April 2015|title=코카콜라의 스토리텔링을 통한 감성마케팅 응용|url=https://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE06283611|access-date=2021-04-04|journal=마케팅|volume=49|issue=4|pages=19–28|language=ko|archive-date=2019-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106133402/http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE06283611|url-status=live}}</ref>


Most modern colas have a dark [[caramel color]] and are sweetened with [[sugar]], [[high-fructose corn syrup]] or [[artificial sweetener]]s. They come in numerous different [[brand]]s, with Coca-Cola and [[Pepsi]] being among the most popular.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=김덕호|date=November 2002|title=2차 세계대전과 코카콜라의 전지구화(Globalization)|url=https://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE01080138|access-date=2021-04-04|journal=미국사연구|volume=16|pages=219–249|language=ko|archive-date=2020-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827151510/https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE01080138|url-status=live}}</ref> These two companies have been competing since the 1890s, a rivalry that has [[Cola wars|intensified since the 1980s]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/coca-cola-vs-pepsi-timeline-2013-1|title=COKE VS. PEPSI: The Story Behind The Neverending 'Cola Wars'|author=Kim Bhasin|magazine=Business Insider|date=January 1, 2013|access-date=November 11, 2015|archive-date=October 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026071546/http://www.businessinsider.com/coca-cola-vs-pepsi-timeline-2013-1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Challenge>{{Cite web|title=1975: Cola wars heat up with launch of Pepsi Challenge|url=https://www.thedrum.com/news/2016/06/14/marketing-moment-75-cola-wars-heat-1975-launch-pepsi-challenge|access-date=2020-08-29|website=The Drum|language=en|archive-date=2020-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127141614/https://www.thedrum.com/news/2016/06/14/marketing-moment-75-cola-wars-heat-1975-launch-pepsi-challenge|url-status=live}}</ref>
Most modern colas usually contain [[caramel color]], and are sweetened with [[sugar]] and/or [[high-fructose corn syrup]]. They now come in numerous different [[brand]]s. Among them, the most popular are [[Coca-Cola]] and [[Pepsi]]. These two companies have been competing since the 1890s, but their [[Cola wars|rivalry has intensified since the 1980s]].


==Flavorings==
==Flavorings==
The primary modern flavoring ingredients in a cola drink are [[citrus]] [[essential oil|oils]] (from [[Orange (fruit)|orange]], [[Lime (fruit)|lime]], and [[lemon]] [[Peel (fruit)|peels]]), [[cinnamon]], [[vanilla]], and an [[acid]]ic flavorant.<ref>{{cite web|author=DeNeefe, Janet |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/03/13/the-exotic-romance-tamarind.html |title=The Exotic Romance of Tamarind |work=The Jakarta Post |date=March 13, 2008 |accessdate=September 29, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sparror.cubecinema.com/cube/cola/chemistry/cola2.htm |title=Cola 2 |publisher=Sparror.cubecinema.com |date= |accessdate=September 29, 2013}}</ref> Manufacturers of cola drinks add trace flavorings to create distinctively different tastes for each brand. Trace flavorings may include a wide variety of ingredients, such as spices like [[nutmeg]] or [[coriander]], but the base flavorings that most people identify with a cola taste remain citrus, vanilla and cinnamon. Acidity is often provided by [[phosphoric acid]], sometimes accompanied by [[citric acid|citric]] or other isolated acids. [[Coca-Cola formula|Coca-Cola's recipe]] is maintained as a corporate [[trade secret]].
The primary modern flavorings in a cola drink are [[citrus]] [[essential oil|oils]] (from [[Orange (fruit)|orange]], [[Lime (fruit)|lime]], and [[lemon]] [[Peel (fruit)|peels]]), [[cinnamon]], [[vanilla]], and an [[acid]]ic flavoring.<ref>{{cite web |author=DeNeefe, Janet |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/03/13/the-exotic-romance-tamarind.html |title=The Exotic Romance of Tamarind |work=The Jakarta Post |date=March 13, 2008 |access-date=September 29, 2013 |archive-date=July 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711063547/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/03/13/the-exotic-romance-tamarind.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://sparror.cubecinema.com/cube/cola/chemistry/cola2.htm |title=Cola 2 |publisher=Sparror.cubecinema.com |access-date=September 29, 2013 |archive-date=February 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213220807/https://sparror.cubecinema.com/cube/cola/chemistry/cola2.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Manufacturers of cola drinks add trace flavorings to create distinctive tastes for each brand. Trace flavorings may include a wide variety of ingredients, such as spices like [[nutmeg]] or [[coriander]]. Acidity is often provided by [[phosphoric acid]], sometimes accompanied by [[citric acid|citric]] or other isolated acids. [[Coca-Cola formula|Coca-Cola's recipe]] is maintained as a corporate [[trade secret]].


A variety of different sweeteners may be added to cola, often partly dependent on local agricultural policy. [[High-fructose corn syrup]] (HFCS) is predominantly used in the United States and Canada due to the lower cost of government-subsidized [[Maize|corn]]. In Europe, however, HFCS is subject to production quotas designed to encourage the production of sugar; sugar is thus typically used to sweeten sodas.<ref>{{cite book |editor1=M. Ataman Aksoy |editor2=John C. Beghin |title=Global Agricultural Trade and Developing Countries |year=2005 |publisher=World Bank Publications |isbn=0-8213-5863-4 |page=329 |chapter=Sugar Policies: An Opportunity for Change}}</ref> In addition, [[stevia]] or an [[artificial sweetener]] may be used; "sugar-free" or "diet" colas typically contain artificial sweeteners only.
A variety of different sweeteners may be used in cola, often influenced by local agricultural policy. [[High-fructose corn syrup]] (HFCS) is predominantly used in the United States due to the lower cost of government-subsidized [[Maize|corn]]. In Europe, however, HFCS is subject to production quotas designed to encourage the production of sugar; sugar is thus preferentially used to sweeten sodas.<ref>{{cite book |editor1=M. Ataman Aksoy |editor2=John C. Beghin |title=Global Agricultural Trade and Developing Countries |year=2005 |publisher=World Bank Publications |isbn=0-8213-5863-4 |page=329 |chapter=Sugar Policies: An Opportunity for Change}}</ref> In addition, [[stevia]] or an [[artificial sweetener]] may be used; "sugar-free" or "diet" colas typically contain artificial sweeteners only.
In Japan, there is a burgeoning craft cola industry, with small-scale local production methods and highly unique cola recipes using locally sourced fruits, herbs, and spices.<ref>Wallin, Lisa "[https://www.japanesefoodguide.com/craft-cola/ Japanese Craft Cola is the Beverage You Didn't Know You Needed] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126005508/https://www.japanesefoodguide.com/craft-cola/ |date=2021-11-26 }}", ''Japanese Food Guide''</ref>


==Clear cola==
==Clear cola==
In the 1940s, [[the Coca-Cola Company|Coca-Cola]] produced [[White Coke]] at the request of [[Marshal of the Soviet Union]] [[Georgy Zhukov]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=김덕호|date=May 2005|title=냉전 초기 코카콜라와 미국 문화산업의 세계화|url=https://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE01080196|access-date=2021-04-04|journal=미국사연구|volume=21|pages=105–140|language=ko|archive-date=2020-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827151447/https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE01080196|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ozy.com/flashback/coke-made-especially-for-a-communist/41336|title=Coke made especially for a communist|last=Braswell|first=Sean|website=Ozy|date=April 23, 2015|access-date=May 25, 2018|archive-date=October 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005124459/https://www.ozy.com/flashback/coke-made-especially-for-a-communist/41336/|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Crystal Pepsi 20oz.jpg|thumb|upright|Crystal Pepsi, 20 oz. bottle, as seen in the US in 2016]]
In the 1940s, Coca-Cola produced [[White Coke]] at the request of [[Marshal of the Soviet Union]] [[Georgy Zhukov]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ozy.com/flashback/coke-made-especially-for-a-communist/41336|title=Coke made especially for a communist|last=Braswell|first=Sean|date=|website=Ozy|publication-date=April 23, 2015|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=May 25, 2018}}</ref>


Clear colas were again produced during the [[Clear Craze]] of the early 1990s. Brands included [[Crystal Pepsi]], [[Tab Clear]], and [[7 Up Ice Cola]]. Crystal Pepsi has been repeatedly reintroduced in the 2010s.
Clear colas were again produced during the clear craze of the early 1990s. Brands included [[Crystal Pepsi]], [[Tab Clear]], and [[7 Up#Discontinued|7 Up Ice Cola]]. Crystal Pepsi was repeatedly reintroduced in the 2010s.


In Denmark, a popular clear cola was made by the [[Cooperative]] [[Coop amba|FDB]] in 1976. It was especially known for being the "Hippie Cola" because of the focus of the harmful effects the color additive could have on children and the boycott of multinational brands. It was inspired by a campaign on harmful additives in Denmark by the Environmental-Organisation NOAH, an independent Danish division of [[Friends of the Earth]]. This was followed up with a variety of sodas without artificial coloring.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://classic.samvirke.dk/node/287945|title=Samvirke - Rød sodavand - uden farve!|first=|last=Samvirke|website=classic.samvirke.dk|accessdate=14 September 2018}}</ref> Today many organic colas are available in Denmark, but, for nostalgic reasons, clear cola has still maintained its popularity to a certain degree.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bt.dk/danmark/husker-du-kult-colaen-vender-endelig-tilbage|title=Husker du? Kult-colaen vender endelig tilbage|publisher=|accessdate=14 September 2018}}</ref>
In [[Denmark]], a popular clear cola was made by the [[Cooperative]] [[Coop amba|FDB]] in 1976. It was especially known for being the "Hippie Cola" because of the focus on the harmful effects the [[color additive]] could have on children and the boycott of multinational brands. It was inspired by a campaign on harmful additives in Denmark by the Environmental-Organization NOAH, an independent Danish division of [[Friends of the Earth]]. This was followed up with a variety of sodas without artificial coloring.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://classic.samvirke.dk/node/287945|title=Samvirke - Rød sodavand - uden farve!|last=Samvirke|website=classic.samvirke.dk|access-date=September 14, 2018|archive-date=February 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224165111/https://classic.samvirke.dk/node/287945|url-status=live}}</ref> Today many organic colas are available in Denmark, but, for nostalgic reasons, clear cola has still maintained its popularity to a certain degree.<ref>{{cite web|title=Husker du? Kult-colaen vender endelig tilbage|url=https://www.bt.dk/danmark/husker-du-kult-colaen-vender-endelig-tilbage|url-status=live|access-date=September 14, 2018|website=BT|date=8 November 2016|language=Danish|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109154609/http://www.bt.dk/danmark/husker-du-kult-colaen-vender-endelig-tilbage |archive-date=2016-11-09 }}</ref>


In June 2018, Coca-Cola introduced [[Coca-Cola Clear]] in Japan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.beveragedaily.com/Article/2018/06/12/Coca-Cola-Clear-launches-in-Japan|title=Coca-Cola Clear launches in Japan|publisher=|accessdate=14 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.esquire.com/food-drink/a21094272/clear-coke/|title=Coca-Cola Pulls a Pepsi and Launches Clear Coke|date=6 June 2018|publisher=|accessdate=14 September 2018}}</ref>
In June 2018, Coca-Cola introduced [[Coca-Cola Clear]] in [[Japan]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=김덕호|date=November 2006|title=미국화인가 세계화인가 :코카콜라를 통해서 본 글로벌리즘|url=https://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE01081055|access-date=2021-04-04|journal=미국사연구|volume=24|pages=171–206|language=ko|archive-date=2021-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126032137/https://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE01081055|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Coca-Cola Clear launches in Japan|url=https://www.beveragedaily.com/Article/2018/06/12/Coca-Cola-Clear-launches-in-Japan|url-status=live|access-date=September 14, 2018|website=beveragedaily.com|date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814234151/https://www.beveragedaily.com/Article/2018/06/12/Coca-Cola-Clear-launches-in-Japan |archive-date=2020-08-14 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=June 6, 2018|title=Coca-Cola Pulls a Pepsi and Launches Clear Coke|url=https://www.esquire.com/food-drink/a21094272/clear-coke/|url-status=live|access-date=September 14, 2018|website=esquire|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180608000004/https://www.esquire.com/food-drink/a21094272/clear-coke/ |archive-date=2018-06-08 }}</ref>


==Health effects==
==Health effects==
{{details|Criticism of Coca-Cola#Health effects}}
{{Further|Criticism of Coca-Cola#Health effects}}
A 2007 study found that consumption of colas, both those with natural sweetening and those with artificial sweetening, was associated with increased risk of chronic kidney disease. The [[phosphoric acid]] used in colas was thought to be a possible cause.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Tina M. Saldana |author2=Olga Basso |author3=Rebecca Darden |author4=Dale P. Sandler |title=Carbonated beverages and chronic kidney disease |year=2007 |journal=[[Epidemiology (journal)|Epidemiology]] |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=501–6 |doi=10.1097/EDE.0b013e3180646338 |pmid=17525693 |pmc=3433753}}</ref>
A 2007 study claimed that consumption of colas, both those with natural sweetening and those with artificial sweetening, was associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease. The [[phosphoric acid]] used in colas was thought to be a possible cause.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Tina M. Saldana |author2=Olga Basso |author3=Rebecca Darden |author4=Dale P. Sandler |title=Carbonated beverages and chronic kidney disease |year=2007 |journal=[[Epidemiology (journal)|Epidemiology]] |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=501–6 |doi=10.1097/EDE.0b013e3180646338 |pmid=17525693 |pmc=3433753}}</ref>


Studies indicate "soda and sweetened drinks are the main source of calories in [the] American diet",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/05/050527111920.htm |title=Preliminary Data Suggest That Soda And Sweet Drinks Are The Main Source Of Calories In American Diet |publisher=Sciencedaily.com |date=May 27, 2005 |accessdate=July 2, 2011}}</ref> so most nutritionists advise that Coca-Cola and other soft drinks can be harmful if consumed excessively, particularly to young children whose soft drink consumption competes with, rather than complements, a balanced diet. Studies have shown that regular soft drink users have a lower intake of [[calcium]], [[magnesium]], [[ascorbic acid]], [[riboflavin]], and [[vitamin A]].<ref>Jacobson, Michael F. (2005). "[http://www.cspinet.org/new/pdf/liquid_candy_final_w_new_supplement.pdf Liquid Candy: How Soft Drinks are Harming Americans' Health]", pp. 5–6. [[Center for Science in the Public Interest]]. Retrieved October 13, 2010.</ref>
One 2005 study indicated that soda and sweetened drinks are the main source of calories in the American diet and that of those who drink more sweetened drinks, obesity rates were higher.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/05/050527111920.htm |title=Preliminary Data Suggest That Soda And Sweet Drinks Are The Main Source Of Calories In American Diet |publisher=Sciencedaily.com |date=May 27, 2005 |access-date=July 2, 2011 |archive-date=March 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309054959/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/05/050527111920.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Most{{how|date=March 2024}} nutritionists advise that Coca-Cola and other soft drinks can be harmful if consumed excessively, particularly to young children whose soft drink consumption competes with, rather than complements, a balanced diet. Studies have shown that regular soft drink users have a lower intake of [[calcium]], [[magnesium]], [[vitamin C]], [[riboflavin]], and [[vitamin A]].<ref>Jacobson, Michael F. (2005). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20050718093423/http://www.cspinet.org/new/pdf/liquid_candy_final_w_new_supplement.pdf Liquid Candy: How Soft Drinks are Harming Americans' Health]", pp. 5–6. [[Center for Science in the Public Interest]]. Retrieved October 13, 2010.</ref>


The drink has also aroused criticism for its use of [[caffeine]], which can cause [[physical dependence]] ([[caffeine addiction]]).<ref>Center for Science in the Public Interest (1997). "[http://www.cspinet.org/new/caffeine.htm Label Caffeine Content of Foods, Scientists Tell FDA]." Retrieved June 10, 2005. {{webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/5QDi7NDXG?url=http://www.cspinet.org/new/caffeine.htm |date=July 10, 2007 }}</ref> A link has been shown between long-term regular cola intake and [[osteoporosis]] in older women (but not men).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tucker KL, Morita K, Qiao N, Hannan MT, Cupples LA, Kiel DP | title=Colas, but not other carbonated beverages, are associated with low bone mineral density in older women: The Framingham Osteoporosis Study| journal=American Journal of Clinical Nutrition| volume=84| pages=336–342| url=http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/84/4/936| format=PDF| accessdate=April 21, 2008| issue = 4| date = October 1, 2006| pmid = 17023723 | doi=10.1093/ajcn/84.4.936}}</ref> This was thought to be due to the presence of [[phosphoric acid]], and the risk was found to be the same for caffeinated and noncaffeinated colas, as well as the same for diet and sugared colas.
The drink has also aroused criticism for its use of [[caffeine]], which can cause [[physical dependence]] ([[caffeine dependence]]),<ref>Center for Science in the Public Interest (1997). "[http://www.cspinet.org/new/caffeine.htm Label Caffeine Content of Foods, Scientists Tell FDA]." Retrieved June 10, 2005. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724114650/http://www.cspinet.org/new/caffeine.htm |date=July 24, 2014 }}</ref> and can reduce sleep quality.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=O’Callaghan|first1=Frances|last2=Muurlink|first2=Olav|last3=Reid|first3=Natasha|date=2018-12-07|title=Effects of caffeine on sleep quality and daytime functioning|journal=Risk Management and Healthcare Policy|volume=11|pages=263–271|doi=10.2147/RMHP.S156404|issn=1179-1594|pmc=6292246|pmid=30573997 |doi-access=free }}</ref> A link has been shown between long-term regular cola intake and [[osteoporosis]] in older women (but not men).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tucker KL, Morita K, Qiao N, Hannan MT, Cupples LA, Kiel DP | title=Colas, but not other carbonated beverages, are associated with low bone mineral density in older women: The Framingham Osteoporosis Study| journal=American Journal of Clinical Nutrition| volume=84| pages=936–942| issue = 4| date = October 1, 2006| pmid = 17023723 | doi=10.1093/ajcn/84.4.936| doi-access=free}}</ref> This was thought to be due to the presence of phosphoric acid, and the risk for women was found to be greater for sugared and caffeinated colas than diet and decaffeinated variants, with a higher intake of cola correlating with lower bone density.


Many soft drinks are sweetened mostly or entirely with [[high-fructose corn syrup]], rather than [[sugar]]. Some nutritionists caution against consumption of [[corn syrup]] because it may aggravate [[obesity]] and [[type-2 diabetes]] more than cane sugar.<ref>[http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/news/ng.asp?id=51623-single-food-ingredient "Single food ingredient the cause of obesity ? New study has industry up in arms"]. (April 26, 2004). ''FoodNavigator.com''. Retrieved February 27, 2007.</ref>
Many soft drinks in North America are sweetened mostly or entirely with [[high-fructose corn syrup]], rather than [[sugar]]. Some nutritionists caution against the consumption of [[corn syrup]] because it may aggravate [[obesity]] and [[type-2 diabetes]] more than cane sugar.<ref>[http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/news/ng.asp?id=51623-single-food-ingredient "Single food ingredient the cause of obesity ? New study has industry up in arms"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080508014443/http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/news/ng.asp?id=51623-single-food-ingredient |date=2008-05-08 }}. (April 26, 2004). ''FoodNavigator.com''. Retrieved February 27, 2007.</ref>


==Regional brands==
==Regional brands==
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===Asia===
===Asia===
*Air Koryo Cocoa Honeydew, a 'Coca-Cola-style product' manufactured by the national airline in North Korea<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.nknews.org/2017/08/air-koryo-showcases-new-cola-expanded-soft-drink-range-at-rason-trade-fair/|title = Air Koryo showcases expanded soft drink range at Rason Trade Fair &#124; NK News|date = 31 August 2017|access-date = 16 January 2022|archive-date = 16 January 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220116131832/https://www.nknews.org/2017/08/air-koryo-showcases-new-cola-expanded-soft-drink-range-at-rason-trade-fair/|url-status = live}}</ref>
*[[Amrat Cola]], popular in Pakistan
*[[Amrat Cola]], popular in Pakistan
*[[Big Cola]], popular in Indonesia
*[[Kola Real|Big/Real/Royal Cola]], popular in Indonesia, Thailand, Nigeria and throughout South America
⚫
*[[Campa Cola]], India's most popular brand prior to the reintroduction of Coca-Cola and Pepsi to the Indian market in 1991
*[[Bovonto]], popular in [[South India]]
*Chi Forest (formerly known as Genki Forest) sparkling water cola flavor, a local brand in China
⚫
*[[Campa Cola]] was India's most popular brand prior to the introduction of Coca-Cola and Pepsi to the Indian market in 1991
*[[Clemon]] by Akij Group, popular in Bangladesh
⚫
*[[Cola Turka]] is a local brand in Turkey
*[[Est Cola]], a local brand in Thailand
*[[Est Cola]], a local brand in Thailand
*[[Future Cola]], a local brand in China
*[[Future Cola]], a local brand in China
*KIK Cola, a local brand in [[Sri Lanka]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.elephanthouse.lk/beverages/kik-cola.html |title=Elephant House KIK Cola - Lankan to the Last Drop |access-date=December 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217121950/https://www.elephanthouse.lk/beverages/kik-cola.html |archive-date=December 17, 2021}}</ref>
*[[Laoshan Cola]], a local brand in China
*[[Laoshan Cola]], a local brand in China
*[[Mecca Cola]], sold in the [[Middle East]], North Africa, as well as parts of Europe
*[[Mecca-Cola]], sold in the [[Middle East]], North Africa, as well as parts of Europe
*Meadows Classic Cola, a [[Dairy Farm|DFI]] brand in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore and Kampuchea
*Mojo, a local brand in Bangladesh
*MyCola, a local brand in Sri Lanka<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mycola.lk/#myFlavours |title=MyCola |access-date=December 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217122634/https://mycola.lk/ |archive-date=December 17, 2021}}</ref>
*[[Pakola]], popular in Pakistan
*[[Pakola]], popular in Pakistan
*[[Parsi Cola]], popular in Iran
*[[Parsi Cola]], popular in Iran
*[[Red Bull Cola]], popular in Thailand
*[[Red Bull Cola]], popular in Thailand
*Sparkling Super Cola, sold by the [[A.S. Watson Group]] (PARKnSHOP, Watsons) of Hong Kong
*Terelj Cola, sold in Mongolia.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.monde-selection.com/product/terelj/ | title=Terelj - Silver Quality Award 2021 from Monde Selection | access-date=2022-05-21 | archive-date=2023-04-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425111920/https://www.monde-selection.com/product/terelj/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Thums Up]], popular in India
*[[Thums Up]], popular in India
*[[Topsia Cola]], popular in Iran
*[[Topsia Cola]], popular in Iran
*[[Zamzam Cola]], popular in Iran and parts of the Arab world
*Vita Cola, produced by [[Vitasoy]] of Hong Kong
*[[Zamzam (soft drink)|Zamzam Cola]], popular in Iran and parts of the Arab world


===Europe===
===Europe===
[[File:Berry cola stand Reuilly.jpg|thumb|Bottles of "[[Berry, France|Berry]] cola", a soft drink produced in [[Indre]] ([[France]]).]]
[[File:Berry cola stand Reuilly.jpg|thumb|Bottles of [[Berry, France|Berry]] Cola, a soft drink produced in [[Indre]], [[France]]]]

*[[Afri-Cola]], a [[Germany|German]] brand, was relaunched in April 2006 with the original formulation with the higher caffeine content.
*[[Afri-Cola]], a [[Germany|German]] brand, was relaunched in April 2006 with the original formulation with the higher caffeine content.
*[[Baikal (drink)|Baikal]], a cola-like drink popular in Russia
*[[Barr Cola]] made by [[A.G. Barr]] (the makers of the popular [[Irn-Bru]] drink) in the [[United Kingdom]]
*[[Barr Cola]] made by [[A.G. Barr]] (the makers of the popular [[Irn-Bru]] drink) in the [[United Kingdom]]
*[[Breizh Cola]] is a local brand from [[Brittany]] ([[France]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=Le Breizh Cola sera intégralement produit en Bretagne|url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/economie/industries/le-breizh-cola-sera-integralement-produit-en-bretagne-4482557|website=Ouest France|accessdate=11 October 2017}}</ref>
*[[Breizh Cola]] is a local brand from [[Brittany]] ([[France]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=Le Breizh Cola sera intégralement produit en Bretagne|url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/economie/industries/le-breizh-cola-sera-integralement-produit-en-bretagne-4482557|url-status=live|access-date=11 October 2017|website=Ouest France|date=6 June 2012 |language=French|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724114749/http://www.ouest-france.fr:80/economie/industries/le-breizh-cola-sera-integralement-produit-en-bretagne-4482557 |archive-date=2017-07-24 }}</ref>
*[[Brisa drink|Brisa Cola]] is a local brand from [[Madeira]], [[Portugal]] and produced by [[Madeira Brewery|Empresa de Cervejas da Madeira]].
*[[Brisa drink|Brisa Cola]] is a local brand from [[Madeira]], [[Portugal]] and produced by [[Madeira Brewery|Empresa de Cervejas da Madeira]].
*[[Cadet-Cola]], an [[Ireland|Irish]] brand
*[[Cola Turka]] is a local brand in Turkey
*[[Cockta]] is a local brand from former [[Yugoslavia]], which does not contain any [[caffeine]] or [[phosphoric acid]].
*[[Cockta]] is a local brand from former [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]], which does not contain any [[caffeine]] or [[phosphoric acid]].
*[[Corsica Cola]] is a regional cola distributed by the Corsican brewery [[Pietra Brewery|Pietra]].
*[[Corsica Cola]] is a regional cola distributed by the Corsican brewery [[Pietra Brewery|Pietra]].
*[[Cuba Cola]] is a brand from [[Sweden]].
*[[Cuba Cola]] is a brand from [[Sweden]].
*[[Dobryj Cola|Dobry Cola]], a [[Russian language|Russian]] brand which replaced Coca-Cola after the [[Corporate responses to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|departure of global companies from Russia in 2022]], produced in the same factories as the original products.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davidoff |first=Victor |date=2022-11-03 |title=Are Western Brands as Serious About Withdrawing From Russia as They Appear? |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/11/03/are-western-brands-as-serious-about-withdrawing-from-russia-as-they-appear-a79265 |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=The Moscow Times |language=en |archive-date=2022-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103150025/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/11/03/are-western-brands-as-serious-about-withdrawing-from-russia-as-they-appear-a79265 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Evoca Cola]] is a cola made with mineral water made by Evoca Drinks.
*[[Evoca Cola]] is a cola made with mineral water made by Evoca Drinks.
*[[Fentimans Curiosity Cola]], is an upmarket botanically brewed cola produced by [[Fentimans]], from the UK.
*[[Fentimans Curiosity Cola]], is an upmarket botanically brewed cola produced by [[Fentimans]], from the UK.
*[[Fritz-Kola]], a cola soft drink from [[Hamburg]], Germany, uses the highest possible concentration of caffeine for beverages allowed by German law.
*[[Fritz-kola|Fritz-Kola]], a cola soft drink from [[Hamburg]], Germany, uses the highest possible concentration of caffeine for beverages allowed by German law.{{clarify|date=April 2021|reason=25mg/100ml is less than various coffee servings and coffee seems to be legal in Germany}}
*[[Green Cola]] is a brand from [[Greece]] that is available also in Germany, Spain, Cyprus, the Baltic states, Romania, the Middle East, Slovenia etc.
⚫
*[[Jolly Cola]], which had a 40% share of the cola drink market in [[Denmark]] from the mid-1960s to the late 1980s.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sørensen|first=Nils Arne|last2=Petersen|first2=Klaus|date=November 2012|title=Corporate Capitalism or Coca-Colonisation? Economic Interests, Cultural Concerns, Tax Policies and Coca-Cola in Denmark from 1945 to the Early 1960s|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/contemporary-european-history/article/corporate-capitalism-or-cocacolonisation-economic-interests-cultural-concerns-tax-policies-and-cocacola-in-denmark-from-1945-to-the-early-1960s/6DD15FA7DFD32E55B0DAB054F0B12C16|journal=Contemporary European History|language=en|volume=21|issue=4|pages=597–617|doi=10.1017/S0960777312000392|issn=0960-7773}}</ref>
*[[Hofmuhl Cola]] is a local brand from Bavaria, made by a regional brewery.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sortiment|url=https://hofmuehl.de/sortiment/|access-date=2021-04-05|website=Privatbrauerei Hofmühl|language=de-DE|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506151217/https://hofmuehl.de/sortiment|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Karma Cola]], fair trade cola from the UK.
⚫
*[[Jolly Cola]], which had a 40% share of the cola drink market in [[Denmark]] from the mid-1960s to the late 1980s.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sørensen|first1=Nils Arne|last2=Petersen|first2=Klaus|date=November 2012|title=Corporate Capitalism or Coca-Colonisation? Economic Interests, Cultural Concerns, Tax Policies and Coca-Cola in Denmark from 1945 to the Early 1960s|journal=Contemporary European History|language=en|volume=21|issue=4|pages=597–617|doi=10.1017/S0960777312000392|s2cid=163347256|issn=0960-7773}}</ref>
*[[Kofola]] is the primary rival to Coca-Cola and Pepsi in the [[Czech Republic]] and [[Slovakia]], and does not contain phosphoric acid.
*[[Kofola]] is the primary rival to Coca-Cola and Pepsi in the [[Czech Republic]] and [[Slovakia]], and does not contain phosphoric acid.
⚫
*Kristal Kola is a local brand in Turkey
*LOCKWOODS Cola,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canmuseum.com/Detail.aspx?CanID=24511 |title=LOCKWOODS-Cola-330mL-Great Britain |last= |first= |date= |website=CanMuseum.com |publisher=CanMuseum.com |access-date=2018-07-21 |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canmuseum.com/Detail.aspx?CanID=76428 |title=LOCKWOODS-Cola (diet)-326mL-Great Britain |last= |first= |date= |website=CanMuseum.com |publisher=CanMuseum.com |access-date=2018-07-21 |quote=}}</ref> a UK cola brand introduced in the 1960s produced by [[Lockwoods Foods Limited]] at their canning factory site in [[Long Sutton, Lincolnshire|Long Sutton]], England, the drink is not on the market anymore, it was sold nationally and also [[exported]].
*LOCKWOODS Cola,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canmuseum.com/Detail.aspx?CanID=24511 |title=LOCKWOODS-Cola-330mL-Great Britain |website=CanMuseum.com |access-date=July 21, 2018 |archive-date=February 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226223324/https://www.canmuseum.com/Detail.aspx?CanID=24511 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canmuseum.com/Detail.aspx?CanID=76428 |title=LOCKWOODS-Cola (diet)-326mL-Great Britain |website=CanMuseum.com |access-date=July 21, 2018 |archive-date=May 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506114206/https://www.canmuseum.com/Detail.aspx?CanID=76428 |url-status=live }}</ref> a UK cola brand introduced in the 1960s produced by [[Lockwoods Foods Limited]] at their canning factory site in [[Long Sutton, Lincolnshire|Long Sutton]], England, the drink is not on the market anymore, it was sold nationally and also [[exported]].
*[[Planet Cola]], a brand sold at [[Auchan]].
*[[Maxi-Cola]] was sold by [[Mac's Brewery (UK)|Mac's Brewery]] in England as a rival to Coke and Pepsi. Production ended in the early 90s.
*[[Polo-Cockta]], a [[Poland|Polish]] brand.
*[[Polo-Cockta]], a [[Poland|Polish]] brand.
*[[Red Bull Cola]] has been available throughout Europe since 2008.
*[[Qibla Cola]] was a British cola brand active from 2003 to 2005.
*[[Red Bull Simply Cola]] has been available throughout Europe since 2008.
*[[Sky Cola (Bosnia)|Sky Cola]], a [[Bosnia]]n brand since 2002 made by water-bottling company [[Sarajevski kiseljak]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skycola.ba/sky-prica|title=Sky Cola|work=SkyCola}}</ref>
*[[Sinalco]] cola is a German cola brand sold and produced in Europe
*[[Sky Cola (Croatia)|Sky Cola]], a [[Croatia]]n brand since 2002 made by water-bottling company [[Jamnica (company)|Jamnica]]
*[[Tøyen-Cola]] is a Norwegian cola brand, based on the open [[Open-source cola|Cube cola]] recipe.
*[[Ubuntu Cola]] is a [[fair trade]] cola from the United Kingdom available in parts of [[Western Europe]].
*[[Ubuntu Cola]] is a [[fair trade]] cola from the United Kingdom available in parts of [[Western Europe]].
*[[Virgin Cola]] was popular in [[South Africa]] and Western Europe in the 1990s but has waned in availability.
*[[Virgin Cola]] was popular in [[South Africa]] and Western Europe in the 1990s but has waned in availability.
*[[Vita-Cola]] is a German cola brand with a distinct citrus flavor; nowadays it is mostly sold in eastern Germany.
*[[Vita-Cola]] is a German cola brand with a distinct citrus flavor; nowadays it is mostly sold in eastern Germany.
*[[XL Cola]] was a Swedish cola brand introduced in 1985, but the drink is not at the market anymore.
*[[XL Cola]] was a Swedish cola brand introduced in 1985, but the drink is not at the market anymore.
*[[Mole Cola]] is an Italian cola sold in Italy it is also occasionally sold in France in stores called Noz only.


===North America===
===North America===
[[File:Flasche Coca-Cola 0,2 Liter.jpg|thumb|upright|Coca-Cola]]
[[File:Flasche Coca-Cola 0,2 Liter.jpg|thumb|upright|A small glass bottle of Coca-Cola, the first cola]]

⚫
*[[Coca-Cola]], often referred to simply as '''Coke''', is one of the most popular cola brands in North America and worldwide.
*[[Pepsi]], produced and manufactured by [[PepsiCo]], is also one of the most popular cola brands in North America and worldwide. Pepsi is the main competitor of Coca-Cola.
*[[Coca-Cola]], often referred to simply as Coke, is produced and manufactured by [[The Coca-Cola Company]]. It is one of the most popular cola brands in North America and worldwide, as well as being the original cola.
⚫
*[[Pepsi]], produced and manufactured by [[PepsiCo]], is also one of the most popular cola brands in North America and worldwide. Pepsi is the main competitor and rival of Coca-Cola.
*[[RC Cola]], short for '''Royal Crown Cola''', now produced by the [[Dr Pepper Snapple Group]]
*[[RC Cola]], short for Royal Crown Cola, is now produced by [[Keurig Dr Pepper]]
*[[Cott]] produces many [[house brand]] beverages as well as its own line of products, most notably its ''Black Cherry'' and ''Bubba'' cola.
*[[Cott]] produces many [[house brand]] beverages as well as its own line of products, most notably its ''Black Cherry'' and ''Bubba'' cola.
*[[Double Cola|The Double Cola Company]], Double Cola
*[[Double Cola|The Double Cola Company]], Double Cola
Line 110: Line 123:
*[[Jolt Cola]] is sold by [[Wet Planet Beverages]] of [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]], New York.
*[[Jolt Cola]] is sold by [[Wet Planet Beverages]] of [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]], New York.
*[[Jones Soda]] also makes a cola using cane sugar.
*[[Jones Soda]] also makes a cola using cane sugar.
**[[Nuka-Cola]], produced by Jones in collaboration with [[Fallout series]] developer [[Bethesda Softworks]] and [[Target Stores]] from 2009 to 2010, 2014 to 2016 and 2020 to present.
*[[Polar Beverages]] of Worcester, MA produces its own brand of cola under the Polar name.
*[[Polar Beverages]] of Worcester, MA produces its own brand of cola under the Polar name.
*[[Red Bull Cola]] was available in the United States from 2008-2011.
*[[Red Bull Simply Cola]] was available in the United States from 2008 to 2011.
*[[Shasta Cola]], produced by [[Shasta (soft drink)|Shasta]]
*[[Shasta Cola]], produced by [[Shasta (soft drink)|Shasta]]
*[[TuKola]] and [[Tropicola]] are brands from [[Cuba]] (also sold widely in Italy).
*[[TuKola]] and [[Tropicola]] are brands from [[Cuba]] (also sold widely in Italy).
*[[Zevia]] Cola is a zero calorie [[soft drink]] sweetened with [[Stevia]] combined with Monk Fruit and [[Erythritol]].
*[[Zevia]] Cola is a zero-calorie [[soft drink]] sweetened with [[Stevia]].
*[[Bec Cola]] is produced in [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], Canada, sold across Quebec and [[Ontario]]. It is sweetened with primarily [[maple syrup]]
*[[Big 8 Beverages|Big 8 Cola]] is a brand of colas and other flavored sodas that can be found in [[Atlantic Canada]]


===South America===
===South America===
* [[Inca Kola]], created by Lindley bottler to compete with Coca-Cola. It is still the best selling cola in Perú.<ref>{{cite web |title=Branding Lessons from Inca Kola, the Peruvian Soda That Bested Coca-Cola |url=https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/branding-lessons-from-inca-kola-the-peruvian-soda-that-bested-coca-cola/ |publisher=©2023 Knowledge at Wharton |access-date=3 February 2023 |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308022218/https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/branding-lessons-from-inca-kola-the-peruvian-soda-that-bested-coca-cola/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Inca Kola]], created by Lindley bottler to compete with Coca-Cola. Still the best selling cola in Perú.
* [[Big Cola]], a cola produced by Peruvian company [[Ajegroup]] which operates in 14 countries in Latin America.<ref name="ajegroup">{{cite web|url=http://www.ajegroup.com/ |title=Ajegroup |publisher=Ajegroup |date= |accessdate=September 29, 2013}}</ref>
* [[Big Cola]], a cola produced by Peruvian company [[Ajegroup]] which operates in 14 countries in Latin America.<ref name="ajegroup">{{cite web|title=Ajegroup|url=http://www.ajegroup.com/|url-status=live|access-date=September 29, 2013|publisher=Ajegroup|language=Spanish|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104231046/http://www.ajegroup.com:80/ |archive-date=2007-01-04 }}</ref>
* [[Perú Cola]], created by Peruvian bottler [[Embotelladora Don Jorge S.A.C.]] to compete with Coca-Cola and [[Kola Real]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.donjorge.com.pe/index.php |title=Grupo Perú Cola - Hoy el Perú sabe mejor |publisher=Donjorge.com.pe |date= |language=Spanish |accessdate=September 29, 2013}}</ref>
* [[Perú Cola]], created by Peruvian bottler [[Embotelladora Don Jorge S.A.C.]] to compete with Coca-Cola and [[Kola Real]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.donjorge.com.pe/index.php |title=Grupo Perú Cola - Hoy el Perú sabe mejor |publisher=Donjorge.com.pe |language=es |access-date=September 29, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304052041/http://www.donjorge.com.pe/index.php |archive-date=March 4, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Kola Román]], a cola that was invented in the city of Cartagena, Colombia in 1865 by Don Carlos Román.


===Oceania===
===Oceania===
*'''<span class="anchor" id="Export Cola">Export Cola</span>''' was an Australian carbonated cola drink Manufactured by Cadbury Schweppes (now [[Cadbury plc]])<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 May 1980 |title=Sales Representative |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/122603273/?terms=%22Export%20Cola%22&match=1 |access-date=8 January 2024 |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |pages=67}}</ref> during the 1970s and early 1980s. A series of TV advertisements for the drink featured the Australian cricketer [[Jeff Thomson]]. It enjoyed a brief resurgence in popularity when it was re-launched in 1993, but the drink was discontinued in 1999.
* [[LA Ice Cola]] is an Australian cola owned by [[Tru Blu Beverages]], similar to Coca-Cola and Pepsi, which are its rivals.
* [[LA Ice Cola]] is an Australian cola owned by [[Tru Blu Beverages]], similar to Coca-Cola and Pepsi, its rivals.
* [[Billson's Brewery|Billson's]] produces a Heritage Cola, inspired by recipes dating back to the Temperance movement in Australia.
* [[Foxton Fizz]] is a New Zealand soft drink company which produces a cola-flavored soft drink beverage, manufactured in Foxtown.

== Defunct brands ==
* [[Hansen's]] ''Natural Soda'', Original Cola, made with [[cane sugar]]


== See also ==
== See also ==
{{Portal|Drink}}
{{Portal|Drink|United States}}

* [[Cola chicken]]
* {{annotated link|Cola chicken}}
* [[Open-source cola]] – a soft drink whose recipe is publicly published
* {{annotated link|Peanuts and Coke}}
* [[List of brand name soft drinks products]]
* {{annotated link|Open-source cola}}
⚫
* [[List of soft drink flavors]]
* [[List of soft drink producers]]
* {{annotated link|List of brand name soft drinks products}}
* [[List of soft drinks by country]]
* {{annotated link|List of soft drink flavors}}
⚫
* {{annotated link|List of soft drink producers}}
* {{annotated link|List of soft drinks by country}}
* {{annotated link|Soda geyser}}


==References==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Wiktionary|cola}}
{{Wiktionary}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061025163749/http://www.eepybird.com/dcm1.html Cola and Mentos mints trick]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090410064941/http://www.colawp.com/colas/400/cola467_recipe.html OpenCola recipe] (originally published by [[Cory Doctorow]])
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090410064941/http://www.colawp.com/colas/400/cola467_recipe.html OpenCola recipe] (originally published by [[Cory Doctorow]])
* [https://web.archive.org/web/19991008000738/http://www.straightdope.com/mailbag/mcaffeine.html Straight Dope article about caffeine levels on soft drinks]
*[http://www.straightdope.com/mailbag/mcaffeine.html Straight Dope article about caffeine levels on soft drinks]


{{anchor|Brands of Cola}}
{{anchor|Brands of Cola}}
{{Colas|state=collapsed}}
{{Colas|state=collapsed}}
{{Soft drink|state=collapsed}}
{{Soft drink|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Cola| ]]
[[Category:Cola| ]]
[[Category:19th-century inventions]]
[[Category:American inventions]]
[[Category:Soft drinks]]
[[Category:Soft drinks]]
[[Category:Historical polysubstance drinks]]

Latest revision as of 01:03, 25 December 2024

This article is about the beverage. For other uses, see Cola (disambiguation).
Cola
A glass of cola served with ice cubes
TypeSoft drink
ManufacturerVarious
Country of origin United States
IntroducedMay 8, 1886; 138 years ago (1886-05-08)[1][2] (as Coca-Cola)
ColorCaramel (with certain exceptions such as Zevia Cola and Kola Román)
FlavorCola (Kola nut, citrus, cinnamon and vanilla)

Cola is a carbonated soft drink flavored with vanilla, cinnamon, citrus oils, and other flavorings. Cola became popular worldwide after the American pharmacist John Stith Pemberton invented Coca-Cola, a trademarked brand, in 1886, which was imitated by other manufacturers. Most colas originally contained caffeine from the kola nut (Cola acuminata), leading to the drink's name, though other sources of caffeine are generally used in modern formulations. The Pemberton cola drink also contained a coca plant extract.[1][3] His non-alcoholic recipe was inspired by the coca wine of pharmacist Angelo Mariani, created in 1863.[3][4]

Most modern colas have a dark caramel color and are sweetened with sugar, high-fructose corn syrup or artificial sweeteners. They come in numerous different brands, with Coca-Cola and Pepsi being among the most popular.[5] These two companies have been competing since the 1890s, a rivalry that has intensified since the 1980s.[6][7]

Flavorings

[edit]

The primary modern flavorings in a cola drink are citrus oils (from orange, lime, and lemon peels), cinnamon, vanilla, and an acidic flavoring.[8][9] Manufacturers of cola drinks add trace flavorings to create distinctive tastes for each brand. Trace flavorings may include a wide variety of ingredients, such as spices like nutmeg or coriander. Acidity is often provided by phosphoric acid, sometimes accompanied by citric or other isolated acids. Coca-Cola's recipe is maintained as a corporate trade secret.

A variety of different sweeteners may be used in cola, often influenced by local agricultural policy. High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is predominantly used in the United States due to the lower cost of government-subsidized corn. In Europe, however, HFCS is subject to production quotas designed to encourage the production of sugar; sugar is thus preferentially used to sweeten sodas.[10] In addition, stevia or an artificial sweetener may be used; "sugar-free" or "diet" colas typically contain artificial sweeteners only.

In Japan, there is a burgeoning craft cola industry, with small-scale local production methods and highly unique cola recipes using locally sourced fruits, herbs, and spices.[11]

Clear cola

[edit]

In the 1940s, Coca-Cola produced White Coke at the request of Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy Zhukov.[12][13]

Clear colas were again produced during the clear craze of the early 1990s. Brands included Crystal Pepsi, Tab Clear, and 7 Up Ice Cola. Crystal Pepsi was repeatedly reintroduced in the 2010s.

In Denmark, a popular clear cola was made by the Cooperative FDB in 1976. It was especially known for being the "Hippie Cola" because of the focus on the harmful effects the color additive could have on children and the boycott of multinational brands. It was inspired by a campaign on harmful additives in Denmark by the Environmental-Organization NOAH, an independent Danish division of Friends of the Earth. This was followed up with a variety of sodas without artificial coloring.[14] Today many organic colas are available in Denmark, but, for nostalgic reasons, clear cola has still maintained its popularity to a certain degree.[15]

In June 2018, Coca-Cola introduced Coca-Cola Clear in Japan.[16][17][18]

Health effects

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Further information: Criticism of Coca-Cola § Health effects

A 2007 study claimed that consumption of colas, both those with natural sweetening and those with artificial sweetening, was associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease. The phosphoric acid used in colas was thought to be a possible cause.[19]

One 2005 study indicated that soda and sweetened drinks are the main source of calories in the American diet and that of those who drink more sweetened drinks, obesity rates were higher.[20] Most[how?] nutritionists advise that Coca-Cola and other soft drinks can be harmful if consumed excessively, particularly to young children whose soft drink consumption competes with, rather than complements, a balanced diet. Studies have shown that regular soft drink users have a lower intake of calcium, magnesium, vitamin C, riboflavin, and vitamin A.[21]

The drink has also aroused criticism for its use of caffeine, which can cause physical dependence (caffeine dependence),[22] and can reduce sleep quality.[23] A link has been shown between long-term regular cola intake and osteoporosis in older women (but not men).[24] This was thought to be due to the presence of phosphoric acid, and the risk for women was found to be greater for sugared and caffeinated colas than diet and decaffeinated variants, with a higher intake of cola correlating with lower bone density.

Many soft drinks in North America are sweetened mostly or entirely with high-fructose corn syrup, rather than sugar. Some nutritionists caution against the consumption of corn syrup because it may aggravate obesity and type-2 diabetes more than cane sugar.[25]

Regional brands

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See also: Category:Cola brands

Asia

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  • Air Koryo Cocoa Honeydew, a 'Coca-Cola-style product' manufactured by the national airline in North Korea[26]
  • Amrat Cola, popular in Pakistan
  • Big/Real/Royal Cola, popular in Indonesia, Thailand, Nigeria and throughout South America
  • Campa Cola, India's most popular brand prior to the reintroduction of Coca-Cola and Pepsi to the Indian market in 1991
  • Chi Forest (formerly known as Genki Forest) sparkling water cola flavor, a local brand in China
  • Est Cola, a local brand in Thailand
  • Future Cola, a local brand in China
  • KIK Cola, a local brand in Sri Lanka[27]
  • Laoshan Cola, a local brand in China
  • Mecca-Cola, sold in the Middle East, North Africa, as well as parts of Europe
  • Meadows Classic Cola, a DFI brand in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore and Kampuchea
  • Mojo, a local brand in Bangladesh
  • MyCola, a local brand in Sri Lanka[28]
  • Pakola, popular in Pakistan
  • Parsi Cola, popular in Iran
  • Red Bull Cola, popular in Thailand
  • Sparkling Super Cola, sold by the A.S. Watson Group (PARKnSHOP, Watsons) of Hong Kong
  • Terelj Cola, sold in Mongolia.[29]
  • Thums Up, popular in India
  • Topsia Cola, popular in Iran
  • Vita Cola, produced by Vitasoy of Hong Kong
  • Zamzam Cola, popular in Iran and parts of the Arab world

Europe

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Bottles of Berry Cola, a soft drink produced in Indre, France

North America

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A small glass bottle of Coca-Cola, the first cola

South America

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Oceania

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  • Export Cola was an Australian carbonated cola drink Manufactured by Cadbury Schweppes (now Cadbury plc)[39] during the 1970s and early 1980s. A series of TV advertisements for the drink featured the Australian cricketer Jeff Thomson. It enjoyed a brief resurgence in popularity when it was re-launched in 1993, but the drink was discontinued in 1999.
  • LA Ice Cola is an Australian cola owned by Tru Blu Beverages, similar to Coca-Cola and Pepsi, its rivals.
  • Billson's produces a Heritage Cola, inspired by recipes dating back to the Temperance movement in Australia.
  • Foxton Fizz is a New Zealand soft drink company which produces a cola-flavored soft drink beverage, manufactured in Foxtown.

Defunct brands

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "The 132nd Anniversary of the Day Soda Pop Was Invented - the Happy Daze Blog takes an amusing look at wacky holidays, weird holidays, and happy holidays found in every month, and tells how to celebrate them". Archived from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
  2. ^ "History of Coca-Cola · InterExchange". Archived from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved March 16, 2019.
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  20. ^ "Preliminary Data Suggest That Soda And Sweet Drinks Are The Main Source Of Calories In American Diet". Sciencedaily.com. May 27, 2005. Archived from the original on March 9, 2021. Retrieved July 2, 2011.
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  36. ^ "Branding Lessons from Inca Kola, the Peruvian Soda That Bested Coca-Cola". ©2023 Knowledge at Wharton. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  37. ^ "Ajegroup" (in Spanish). Ajegroup. Archived from the original on 2007-01-04. Retrieved September 29, 2013.
  38. ^ "Grupo Perú Cola - Hoy el Perú sabe mejor" (in Spanish). Donjorge.com.pe. Archived from the original on March 4, 2018. Retrieved September 29, 2013.
  39. ^ "Sales Representative". The Sydney Morning Herald. 17 May 1980. p. 67. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
[edit]
Look up cola in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

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