Fouad Abou Nader: Difference between revisions

Fouad Abou Nader
فؤاد أبو ناضر
Fouad Abou Nader ; فؤاد أبو ناضر
Leader of LF
	In office; 1984–1985
Preceded by	Fadi Frem
Succeeded by	Elie Hobeika
Personal details
Born	June 27, 1956 (age 68); Baskinta, Lebanon

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Fouad Abou Nader (Arabic: فؤاد أبو ناضر) is a Lebanese Christian politician and former leader of the Lebanese Forces.^[1] A grandson of the Kataeb Party founder Pierre Gemayel, Abou Nader became a Kataeb party activist and head of the elite Kataeb troop called the "BG" and later on head of the Lebanese Forces after the union of various Christian military groupings. After an internal revolt in the Lebanese Forces led by Elie Hobeika and Samir Geagea against his leadership, he relinquished his power to them, refusing to fight in what he considered a fratricide venture.

Abou Nader remained active in the Lebanese Forces veterans group and return briefly to the Kataeb party. The party was marred at the time by deep divisions between various factions, and Nader eventually left. He later established his own political movement, Liberty Front, that he heads as general coordinator.

Nader was seriously injured in 1975, 1976 and 1983 in fights against Palestinians and Syrians. In 1986, he survived an assassination attempt but was severely wounded. In the late 1980s, he also established a medical and paramedical engineering firm.

Early life

Nader was born in Baskinta, (Metn, Mount-Lebanon, Lebanon) on June 27, 1956 to Antoine Abou Nader and Claude Pierre Gemayel, a family of Christian Maronites.

After attending school at Collège Notre-Dame de Jamhour and Collège Mont La Salle, he joined the American University of Beirut. Because of the war, he continued his medical studies at the Université Saint-Joseph, and graduated as a doctor in 1982.

Kataeb Party

He joined the Kataeb Social Democratic Party (led by his grandfather Sheikh Pierre Gemayel) in 1974. He was an active member of both the paramilitary and the students’ organization of the party. At Dekwaneh, he participated in his first fight against the Palestinian organizations.

Role in the Lebanese Forces

When war started, he was part of the “BG” (or “BE GiM”), the elite division of the Kataeb regular forces. When the Kataeb Regulatory Forces (KRF), the Tigers Militia (“Noumour”) from the National Liberal Party, the “Guardians of the Cedars” from the National Lebanese Movement and the “Al-Tanzim” (“the Organization”) from the Lebanese Resistance Movement united to form the “Lebanese Forces” (LF), he became the head of the operations division of the LF (called the “Third Bureau”). He sustained serious injuries in 1975, 1976, and 1983. In 1986, he was severely wounded in an assassination attempt but survived.

In 1982, Bachir Gemayel, commander in chief of the LF, was elected president of the Lebanese Republic. Following his election, Fadi Frem became commander in chief of the LF, and Nader became the LF's chief of staff. In 1984, he was elected as commander in chief of the LF. He was involved in most of the battles fought by the LF and the Resistance against various Palestinian organizations and the Syrian army.

Power struggles and withdrawal from the Lebanese Forces

Beginning in 1985, an era of “intifada” (revolts) shook the “free regions” and developed into a struggle for power. Nader refused to engage in the struggle, and did not attempt to quell the intifada led by Elie Hobeika and Samir Geagea to remove him from power. He said:

"When I offer my condolences to the family of a martyr as head of the LF, I feel bad even if their son was sacrificed for the noblest of causes. What do you want me to say tomorrow to all these mothers? How [will I] explain the martyrdom of their children? Just to remain in my position as head of the LF?”

In 1986, he refused to recognize the tripartite agreement signed in Damascus by Elie Hobeika, and became responsible for the Kataeb regional. In 1989, he rejected the Taef agreement signed by Georges Saade, the head of the Kataeb Social Democratic Party and approved by Samir Geagea. He supported Michel Aoun’s liberation war against the Syrian army but rejected what he considered a fratricide war between the Lebanese Army soldiers loyal to General Aoun, and Geagea’s militia. Nader participated in the mass demonstrations in Baabda (where the presidential palace is located) against the Taef agreement and the invasion by the Syrian army.

Lebanese Forces Veterans Group and return to Kataeb

During the Syrian occupation he assisted the student Resistance and participated in their major demonstrations. He was also part of the "Kataeb Opposition" led by Elie Karame, the former head of the Kataeb, against the pro-Syrian direction the Kataeb party was taking under the leadership of Georges Saadeh and later Mounir El Hajj and Karim Pakradouni. After the assassination of Rafic Hariri, he participated in the mass demonstrations in downtown Beirut calling for the departure of the Syrian army.

After the Syrian withdrawal, Nader restarted his public activities by launching the "Lebanese Forces Veterans Group" with his former comrades. He also returned to the Kataeb party with the goal of enforcing changes to avoid repeating past mistakes. His ideas for change involved enforcing a greater degree of democratic process in order to prevent struggles for power, in addition to redefining the party's platform. His position quickly led to clashes with many leaders of the party who were opposed to change in the feudal and hereditary structure that was in place.

Establishment of the Liberty Front

In April 2007, in the face of opposition within the Kataeb party, Nader decided to launch the "Liberty Front" party together with allies from within his former party, as well as from other parties and movements. He founded the Liberty Front as a social-democratic and independent Lebanese political movement, heir to the "Front for Freedom & Man" founded in 1976 by Charles Malik. The Liberty Front is intended to be the political offspring of the Resistance of the Front's parties, in addition to movements fighters who cooperated in the Lebanese Forces Command Council. The party is opposed to divisive struggles and calls for Christian unity. In October 2008, Nader was re-elected as general coordinator of the Liberty Front.

Positions

Nader has said that friendly relations with either Syria or Israel will be difficult to attain in the near future, "but definitely in the end we have to find a resolution. Why can’t we achieve peace between our countries? Our peace has to be fair between the Israelis and us and between Syria and us as well."

On the division of Christians and Muslims in Lebanon, Nader said: "[I am] 100% for keeping this coexistence between Christians and Muslims in Lebanon, but the political formula of how to implement it must be changed. We would like to find a final solution for the problems of the country. Otherwise we are going to stay in this situation. We cannot go on like this for all of our lives. We have to try a stable solution for the sake of our kids. We don't want our kids to continue the war we have fought. We want to find a final solution. Rule number one is that we have to stop lying to each other. Number two, we have to start thinking Lebanese only. And, rule number three, we need to sit together and find a solution – without a hidden agenda from either side. Everyone in Lebanon, Christians, Sunnis, Shiites, Druze, Alawi, Jews, etc. can live free with dignity and enjoy security, equality and freedom."

Regarding the Memorandum of Understanding between Aoun's Free Patriotic Movement and Hezbollah, he stated: "It's a positive step although I don't agree with the objectives of Hezbollah and its foreign agenda." As a defense strategy, Nader supports the forming of a “national guard”, a regionally organized armed force that would fight alongside the Lebanese army and the Interior Security Forces (I.S.F.). He supports integrating Hezbollah Resistance weapons and fighters into the national system, but also calls for new volunteers from across all of the various regions and sects.

References

^ "On the occasion of the release of his book, "Lebanon: the challenges of freedom", Fouad Abou Nader answers our questions". Libnanews, Le Média Citoyen du Liban. 8 June 2021. Archived from the original on 28 July 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.

External links

[1] "On the occasion of the release of his book, "Lebanon: the challenges of freedom", Fouad Abou Nader answers our questions". Libnanews, Le Média Citoyen du Liban. 8 June 2021. Archived from the original on 28 July 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Infobox politician
+{{short description|Lebanese politician}}
+{{Multiple issues|{{More citations needed |date=July 2024}}
-| name=Fouad Abou Nader <br> فؤاد أبو ناضر
+{{Expand Arabic|topic=bio}}}}
-| image=
+{{Infobox officeholder
-| image_size=
+| name                = Fouad Abou Nader <br> فؤاد أبو ناضر
-| birth_date= {{birth date and age|1956|6|27}}
+| image               = Fouad-Abou-Nader-president-de-l-Association-Nawraj visuel.jpg
-| birth_place= [[Baskinta]], [[Lebanon]]
+| image_size          =
-| order= [[Lebanese Forces|Leader of LF]]
+| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1956|6|27}}
-| predecessor=[[Fadi Frem]]
+| birth_place         = [[Baskinta]], [[Lebanon]]
-| successor=[[Elie Hobeika]]
+| order               = [[Lebanese Forces|Leader of LF]]
-| term_start= 1984
+| predecessor         = [[Fadi Frem]]
-| term_end  = 1985
+| successor           = [[Elie Hobeika]]
+| term_start          = 1984
+| term_end            = 1985
 }}
+{{Maronite Politics sidebar}}
+'''Fouad Abou Nader''' ({{langx|ar|فؤاد أبو ناضر}}) is a [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] Christian politician and former leader of the [[Lebanese Forces]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=8 June 2021 |title=On the occasion of the release of his book, "Lebanon: the challenges of freedom", Fouad Abou Nader answers our questions |url=https://libnanews.com/en/on-the-occasion-of-the-release-of-his-book-lebanon-the-challenges-of-freedom-fouad-abou-nader-answers-our-questions/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728211959/https://libnanews.com/en/on-the-occasion-of-the-release-of-his-book-lebanon-the-challenges-of-freedom-fouad-abou-nader-answers-our-questions/ |archive-date=28 July 2024 |access-date=28 July 2024 |website=Libnanews, Le Média Citoyen du Liban |language=en-US}}</ref> A grandson of the [[Kataeb Party]] founder [[Pierre Gemayel]], Abou Nader became a Kataeb party activist and head of the elite Kataeb troop called the "BG" and later on head of the Lebanese Forces after the union of various Christian military groupings. After an internal revolt in the Lebanese Forces led by [[Elie Hobeika]] and [[Samir Geagea]] against his leadership, he relinquished his power to them, refusing to fight in what he considered a [[fratricide]] venture.
+Abou Nader remained active in the Lebanese Forces veterans group and return briefly to the Kataeb party. The party was marred at the time by deep divisions between various factions, and Nader eventually left. He later established his own political movement, Liberty Front, that he heads as general coordinator.
-{{Politics of Lebanon}}
-'''Fouad Abou Nader''' ({{lang-ar|فؤاد أبو ناضر}}) is a [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] political leader. A grandson of the Kataeb Party founder [[Pierre Gemayel]], Abou Nader became a Kataeb party activist and head of the elite Kataeb troop called the "BG" and later on head of the [[Lebanese Forces]] after the union of various Christian military groupings. After an internal revolt in the Lebanese Forces led by [[Elie Hobeika]] and [[Samir Geagea]] against his leadership, he relinquished his power to them refusing to what he considered a fratricide venture.
+Nader was seriously injured in 1975, 1976 and 1983 in fights against Palestinians and Syrians. In 1986, he survived an assassination attempt but was severely wounded. In the late 1980s, he also established a medical and paramedical engineering firm.
-Abou Nader remained active in Lebanese Forces veterans group and return briefly to the Kataeb party that was marred at the time by deep divisions between various factions of the party before leaving disenchanted. He eventually established his own political movement, Liberty Front that he heads as general coordinator.
-He was seriously injured in 1975, 1976 and 1983 in fights against Palestinians and Syrians and in 1986 survived an assassination attempt and was severely wounded. In the late 1980s, he also established his own medical and paramedical engineering firm.
 ==Early life==
-Nader was born in [[Baskinta]], ([[Metn]], [[Mount-Lebanon]], [[Lebanon]]) on June 27, 1956, a [[Christians|Christian]] [[Maronite]] and the Son of Antoine Abou Nader and Claude [[Pierre Gemayel]].
+Nader was born in [[Baskinta]], ([[Metn]], [[Mount-Lebanon]], [[Lebanon]]) on June 27, 1956 to Antoine Abou Nader and Claude Pierre Gemayel, a family of [[Christians|Christian]] [[Maronites]].
-After attending school at Collège Notre-Dame de Jamhour and Collège Mont La Salle, he joined the [[American University of Beirut]]. Because of the [[war]], he continued his medical studies at the [[Université Saint-Joseph]] from which he graduated as a doctor in 1982.
+After attending school at Collège Notre-Dame de Jamhour and Collège Mont La Salle, he joined the [[American University of Beirut]]. Because of the [[war]], he continued his medical studies at the [[Université Saint-Joseph]], and graduated as a doctor in 1982.
-==Kataeb Party activist==
+==Kataeb Party==
 He joined the [[Kataeb]] Social Democratic Party (led by his grandfather Sheikh [[Pierre Gemayel]]) in 1974. He was an active member of both the paramilitary and the students’ organization of the party. At Dekwaneh, he participated in his first fight against the [[Palestinian militant|Palestinian organization]]s.
+==Role in the Lebanese Forces==
-==Lebanese Forces fighter and commander==
-When war started, he was part of the elite troop, the “BG” (or “Bejin”), inside of the [[Kataeb]] regular forces. When the [[Kataeb Regulatory Forces]] (KRF), the [[Tigers Militia (Lebanon)|Tigers Militia]] (“Noumour”) from the [[National Liberal Party (Lebanon)|National Liberal Party]], the “[[Guardians of the Cedars]]” from the National Lebanese Movement and the “[[Al-Tanzim]]” (“the Organization”) from the Lebanese Resistance Movement united in the “[[Lebanese Forces]]” (LF), he became the head of the operations (called “Third Bureau”) of the LF. He was seriously injured in 1975, 1976, 1983 and 1986. For the latter, he survived to an assassination attempt and was severely wounded.
+When war started, he was part of the “BG” (or “BE GiM”), the elite division of the [[Kataeb]] regular forces. When the [[Kataeb Regulatory Forces]] (KRF), the [[Tigers Militia (Lebanon)|Tigers Militia]] (“Noumour”) from the [[National Liberal Party (Lebanon)|National Liberal Party]], the “[[Guardians of the Cedars]]” from the National Lebanese Movement and the “[[Al-Tanzim]]” (“the Organization”) from the Lebanese Resistance Movement united to form the “[[Lebanese Forces]]” (LF), he became the head of the operations division of the LF (called the “Third Bureau”). He sustained serious injuries in 1975, 1976, and 1983. In 1986, he was severely wounded in an assassination attempt but survived.
-In 1982, [[Bachir Gemayel]], commander in chief of the LF was elected as Lebanese Republic president. So, [[Fadi Frem]] became commander in chief and Dr Fouad Abou Nader, chief of staff of the LF. In 1984, he was elected as commander in chief of the LF. He was involved in almost all the battles with the Resistance against the Palestinian organizations & the [[Syrian]] army. He became famous for his tenacious nerves, physical courage, exceptional organization and planning skills. For his fellow fighters he was a living legend: no battle was won without him. He was the initiator & creator of most of the LF elite troops.
+In 1982, [[Bachir Gemayel]], commander in chief of the LF, was elected president of the Lebanese Republic. Following his election, [[Fadi Frem]] became commander in chief of the LF, and Nader became the LF's chief of staff. In 1984, he was elected as commander in chief of the LF. He was involved in most of the battles fought by the LF and the Resistance against various Palestinian organizations and the [[Syrian]] army.
-After his election to the presidency, [[Bachir Gemayel]] said: “If I had to deliver a Resistance medal of honour, I would have certainly given it to the greatest fighter of our Resistance, Fouad Abou Nader.”
 ==Power struggles and withdrawal from the Lebanese Forces==
-From 1985, an era of “intifada” (revolts) shook the “free regions” and diverted the Cause of its strategic objectives in turning into a struggle for power. Dr Fouad Abou Nader refused the bloody logic: he did not put down the intifada led by [[Elie Hobeika]] & Dr [[Samir Geagea]] against him: “When I offer my condolences to the family of a martyr as head of the LF I feel bad even if their son was sacrificed for the noblest of causes. What do you want me to say tomorrow to all these mothers? How to explain the martyrdom of their children? Just to remain in my position as head of the LF?” In 1986, he refused the tripartite agreement signed in Damascus by [[Elie Hobeika]] and became responsible for the [[Kataeb]] regional. Then, in 1989, he refused the Taef agreement signed by Dr Georges Saade, the head of the [[Kataeb]] Social Democratic Party and approved by Dr [[Samir Geagea]]. He supported [[Michel Aoun]]’s liberation war against the Syrian army but rejected the fratricide war between the Lebanese Army soldiers loyal to General Aoun and Geagea’s militia. He participated to the mass demonstrations in Baabda (where is located the presidential palace) against Taef agreement and Syrian army invasion. The internal struggles inside of the LF and the fratricide war between Aoun soldiers and Geagea militiamen were fatal: it was real self-destruction.
+Beginning in 1985, an era of “intifada” (revolts) shook the “free regions” and developed into a struggle for power. Nader refused to engage in the struggle, and did not attempt to quell the intifada led by [[Elie Hobeika]] and [[Samir Geagea]] to remove him from power. He said:
+<blockquote>"When I offer my condolences to the family of a martyr as head of the LF, I feel bad even if their son was sacrificed for the noblest of causes. What do you want me to say tomorrow to all these mothers? How [will I] explain the martyrdom of their children? Just to remain in my position as head of the LF?”</blockquote>
+In 1986, he refused to recognize the tripartite agreement signed in Damascus by Elie Hobeika, and became responsible for the [[Kataeb]] regional. In 1989, he rejected the Taef agreement signed by Georges Saade, the head of the Kataeb Social Democratic Party and approved by Samir Geagea. He supported [[Michel Aoun]]’s liberation war against the Syrian army but rejected what he considered a [[fratricide]] war between the Lebanese Army soldiers loyal to General Aoun, and Geagea’s militia. Nader participated in the mass demonstrations in Baabda (where the presidential palace is located) against the Taef agreement and the invasion by the Syrian army.
 ==Lebanese Forces Veterans Group and return to Kataeb==
-During Syrian occupation, he helped the student Resistance, participated to their main demonstrations and was part of the "Kataeb Opposition" led by Dr [[Elie Karame]], former head of the [[Kataeb]], against the pro-Syrian direction of the party led by Dr [[Georges Saadeh]] then Mounir Hajj and [[Karim Pakradouni]]. After [[Rafic Hariri]] assassination, he participated to the mass demonstrations in Beirut downtown for the departure of the Syrian army.
+During the Syrian occupation he assisted the student Resistance and participated in their major demonstrations. He was also part of the "Kataeb Opposition" led by [[Elie Karame]], the former head of the [[Kataeb]], against the pro-Syrian direction the Kataeb party was taking under the leadership of [[Georges Saadeh]] and later [[Mounir El Hajj]] and [[Karim Pakradouni]]. After the [[assassination of Rafic Hariri]], he participated in the mass demonstrations in downtown Beirut calling for the departure of the Syrian army.
-After Syrian withdrawal, he restarted his public activities in launching, with his former companions, the "Lebanese Forces Veterans Group". He decided to return to the [[Kataeb]] in the hope of initiating the necessary changes to avoid the repetition of the mistakes of the past. These necessary changes were: making the party more democratic to avoid fratricidal struggles for power and redefining the Cause. Quickly, he clashed with the direction of the party who refused any change about the feudal, hereditary and therefore anti-democratic structures.
+After the Syrian withdrawal, Nader restarted his public activities by launching the "Lebanese Forces Veterans Group" with his former comrades. He also returned to the [[Kataeb]] party with the goal of enforcing changes to avoid repeating past mistakes. His ideas for change involved enforcing a greater degree of democratic process in order to prevent struggles for power, in addition to redefining the party's platform. His position quickly led to clashes with many leaders of the party who were opposed to change in the feudal and hereditary structure that was in place.
 ==Establishment of the Liberty Front==
 {{Main|Liberty Front}}
-Consequently, he decided with his companions who come from the [[Kataeb]] Social Democratic Party but also from other parties and movements to launch the “Liberty Front” on April 2007. The Liberty Front is a Lebanese political movement, social-democratic & independent, heir of the “Front for Freedom & Man” founded in 1976 by Dr. [[Charles Malik]] and the political offspring of the Resistance of the Front’s parties & movements fighters who cooperated in the “[[Lebanese Forces]] Command Council”. Starting 1976 before uniting their guns in 1980 in the “[[Lebanese Forces]]” under the leadership of President [[Bachir Gemayel]] and fought against the Palestinian organizations & the Syrian army between 1975 and 1986.
+In April 2007, in the face of opposition within the Kataeb party, Nader decided to launch the "Liberty Front" party together with allies from within his former party, as well as from other parties and movements. He founded the Liberty Front as a social-democratic and independent Lebanese political movement, heir to the "Front for Freedom & Man" founded in 1976 by [[Charles Malik]]. The Liberty Front is intended to be the political offspring of the Resistance of the Front's parties, in addition to movements fighters who cooperated in the [[Lebanese Forces]] Command Council. The party is opposed to divisive struggles and calls for Christian unity. In October 2008, Nader was re-elected as general coordinator of the Liberty Front.
-The Liberty Front calls for the Christian unity rejecting the division of the Christians. In October 2008, Abounader was re-elected as general coordinator of the Liberty Front.
 ==Positions==
-Dr. Fouad Abou Nader thinks that friendly relations with both [[Syria]] and [[Israel]] will maybe not start in the near future “but definitely in the end we have to find a resolution. Why can’t we achieve peace between our countries? Our peace has to be fair between the Israelis and us and between Syria and us as well.”
+Nader has said that friendly relations with either [[Syria]] or [[Israel]] will be difficult to attain in the near future, "but definitely in the end we have to find a resolution. Why can’t we achieve peace between our countries? Our peace has to be fair between the Israelis and us and between Syria and us as well."
-He is “100% for keeping this coexistence between [[Christians]] and [[Muslims]] in [[Lebanon]], but the political formula of how to implement it must be changed. We would like to find a final solution for the problems of the country. Otherwise we are going to stay in this situation. We cannot go on like this for all of our lives. We have to try a stable solution for the sake of our kids. We don't want our kids to continue the war we have fought. We want to find a final solution. Rule number one is that we have to stop lying to each other. Number two, we have to start thinking Lebanese only. And, rule number three, we need to sit together and find a solution - without a hidden agenda from either side. Everyone in [[Lebanon]], [[Christians]], [[Sunnis]], [[Shiites]], [[Druze]], [[Alawi]], [[Jews]], etc. can live free with dignity and enjoy security, equality and freedom.”
+On the division of Christians and Muslims in Lebanon, Nader said: "[I am] 100% for keeping this coexistence between [[Christians]] and [[Muslims]] in [[Lebanon]], but the political formula of how to implement it must be changed. We would like to find a final solution for the problems of the country. Otherwise we are going to stay in this situation. We cannot go on like this for all of our lives. We have to try a stable solution for the sake of our kids. We don't want our kids to continue the war we have fought. We want to find a final solution. Rule number one is that we have to stop lying to each other. Number two, we have to start thinking Lebanese only. And, rule number three, we need to sit together and find a solution – without a hidden agenda from either side. Everyone in [[Lebanon]], [[Christians]], [[Sunnis]], [[Shiites]], [[Druze]], [[Alawites|Alawi]], [[Jews]], etc. can live free with dignity and enjoy security, equality and freedom."
-About the Memorandum of Understanding between Aoun’s [[Free Patriotic Movement]] & [[Hezbollah]], his position is: “It's a positive step although I don't agree with the objectives of [[Hezbollah]] and its foreign agenda.” As “defence strategy” option, he is for the creation of a “national guard”, an armed force organised regionally, in the framework of the regionalism he is calling for, alongside the [[Lebanese army]] and Interior Security Forces (I.S.F.) and integrating [[Hezbollah]] Resistance weapons and fighters but also other and new volunteers from all the regions and from all the sects.
+Regarding the Memorandum of Understanding between Aoun's [[Free Patriotic Movement]] and [[Hezbollah]], he stated: "It's a positive step although I don't agree with the objectives of [[Hezbollah]] and its foreign agenda." As a defense strategy, Nader supports the forming of a “national guard”, a regionally organized armed force that would fight alongside the [[Lebanese army]] and the Interior Security Forces (I.S.F.). He supports integrating [[Hezbollah]] Resistance weapons and fighters into the national system, but also calls for new volunteers from across all of the various regions and sects.
-==Other activities==
-Abou Nader is chairman of Tanit Paramedic and Tanit Medical Engineering.  Tanit was established in 1987.  It is a trading and distributing company specialized in the medical field. It has developed an extensive network of connections in many parts of the world such as Nigeria. Tanit represents several international manufacturers of medical equipment and supplies and specialized consultant companies in the medical field.
 ==References==
@@ Line 66: / Line 63: @@
 ==External links==
-*[http://www.jebha.org/ Liberty Front Official Website]
+*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080705041915/http://www.jebha.org/ Liberty Front Official Website]
 *[http://www.lebanese-forces.com/ Lebanese Forces Resistance Official Website]
 *[http://www.kataeb.org/ Kataeb Social Democratic Party Official Website]
-*[http://www.tanitgroup.com/ Tanit Paramedic & Tanit Medical Engineering Official Website]
 *[http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=3457265977758178639&hl=en Fouad Abou Nader autobiography first part (audio/video)]
 *[http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=4474158432847109403&hl=en Fouad Abou Nader autobiography second part (audio/video)]
@@ Line 84: / Line 80: @@
 [[Category:1956 births]]
 [[Category:Saint Joseph University alumni]]
+[[Category:Lebanese Maronites]]
+[[Category:People of the Lebanese Civil War]]