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{{Short description|Spanish naval officer and colonial administrator}}
[[Image:Manuel de Guirior.gif|thumb|left|Manuel de Guirior, marqués de Guirior, Spanish viceroy of New Granada and of Peru]]
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix=
| name=Manuel de Guirior
| honorific-suffix=Marquess of Guirior
| image='Viceroy Manuel Guirior' (18th cent.) by Joaquín Gutiérrez - Museo de Antioquia - Medellín - Colombia 2024.jpg
| order=32nd [[List of viceroys of Peru|Viceroy of Peru]]
| term_start=July 17, 1776
| term_end=July 21, 1780
| monarch=[[Charles III of Spain|Charles III]]
| predecessor=[[Manuel de Amat y Juniet]]
| successor=[[Agustín de Jáuregui]]
| birth_date=1708
| birth_place=[[Agoitz|Aoiz]]
| death_date=November 25, 1788
| death_place=[[Madrid]]
|}}
⚫
'''Manuel de Guirior''' (in full, ''Manuel de Guirior y Portal de Huarte y Edozain, marqués de Guirior'') (1708 &ndash; November 25, 1788<sup>[https://web.archive.org/web/20021020215945/http://www.adonde.com/aqui/noviembre.htm]</sup>) was a Spanish naval officer and colonial administrator. He was viceroy of [[Viceroyalty of New Granada|New Granada]] from 1772 to 1776 and of [[Peru]] from July 17, 1776, to July 21, 1780.


⚫
Guirior was born into a noble family of [[Navarre]]. He entered the navy in 1733 as a lieutenant. He fought in the [[Seven Years' War]] against the English, and also against the [[Barbary pirates|Berbers]] in the Mediterranean. He was a knight of the [[Knights Hospitaller|Order of St. John]].
⚫
'''Manuel de Guirior''' (in full, ''Manuel de Guirior y Portal de Huarte y Edozain, marqués de Guirior'') ([[1708]]&mdash;[[November 25]], [[1788]]<sup>[http://www.adonde.com/aqui/noviembre.htm]</sup>) was a Spanish naval officer and colonial administrator. He was viceroy of [[New Granada]] from [[1772]] to [[1776]] and of [[Peru]] from [[July 17]], [[1776]] to [[July 21]], [[1780]].


Guirior was married to Maria Ventura de Guirior, to whom he presented a noted emerald and diamond [[parure]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Formerly in the collection of Manuel de Guirior y Portal de Huarte y Edozain, First Marquis de Guirior MAGNIFICENT EMERALD AND DIAMOND PARURE, CIRCA 1770 |url=https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2020/magnificent-jewels-and-noble-jewels/magnificent-emerald-and-diamond-parure-circa-1770?locale=en |website=Sothebys}}</ref> On his death in 1788, his titles passed to his great-nephew Don José Maria de Guirior and Larrea.
⚫
Guirior was born into a noble family of [[Navarre]]. He entered the navy in [[1733]] as a lieutenant. He fought in the [[Seven Years' War]] against the English, and also against the [[Barbary pirates|Berbers]] in the Mediterranean. He was a knight of the [[Knights Hospitaller|Order of St. John]].


==As viceroy of New Granada==
==As viceroy of New Granada==
In 1772 he was named viceroy of New Granada. As viceroy, he tried to reform the religious communities, revitalize the missions, and insure more humanitarian treatment of the Indigenous. He worked to improve the economy and stimulate industry. He assisted the scientific expedition of [[Hipólito Ruiz López]], [[José Antonio Pavón]] and [[Joseph Dombey]], sent to study the flora of the viceroyalty. He divided the city of [[Bogotá]] into barrios (burroughs).
In 1772 he was named viceroy of New Granada. As viceroy, he tried to reform the religious communities, revitalize the missions, and insure more humanitarian treatment of the Indigenous. He worked to improve the economy and stimulate industry. He divided the city of [[Bogotá]] into barrios (boroughs).


He also improved the defenses of the colony, especially on the coast. He founded the [[University of Santafé|Real Universidad de Santafé]], as well as a hospital and a hospice. On [[July 20]], [[1773]] he founded the first public library in the colony, in [[Bogotá]]. The original collection of the library consisted of books expropriated from the [[Jesuit]] community, which had been expelled from all dominions of the [[Spanish Empire]] by order of King [[Charles III of Spain|Charles III]] of [[Spain]] in 1767. The new library opened on [[January 9]], [[1777]]. It is now the [[Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia]] (National Library of Colombia).
He also improved the defenses of the colony, especially on the coast. He founded the [[University of Santafé|Real Universidad de Santafé]], as well as a hospital and a hospice. On July 20, 1773, he founded the first public library in the colony, in [[Bogotá]]. The original collection of the library consisted of books expropriated from the [[Jesuit]] community, which had been expelled from all dominions of the [[Spanish Empire]] by order of King [[Charles III of Spain|Charles III]] of [[Spain]] in 1767. The new library opened on January 9, 1777. It is now the [[Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia]] (National Library of Colombia).


In 1774 Guirior was promoted to lieutenant general.
In 1774 Guirior was promoted to lieutenant general.


==As viceroy of Peru==
==As viceroy of Peru==
He was named viceroy of Peru in 1775, and in 1776 he arrived in Lima and took up the position. Once again, he had an opportunity to aid the scientific expedition of Ruiz and Pavón, who were now in Peru. Their findings were later published as ''La flora peruana y chilena'' (''The Flora of Peru and Chile''). Again a major concern was stimulating the economy, which he did by adopting liberal measures in agriculture, mining, commerce and industry.
He was named viceroy of Peru in 1775, and in 1776 he arrived in [[Lima]] and took up the position. He assisted the scientific expedition of [[Hipólito Ruiz López]], [[José Antonio Pavón]] and [[Joseph Dombey]], sent to study the flora of the viceroyalty. Their findings were later published as ''La flora peruana y chilena'' (''The Flora of Peru and Chile''). Again a major concern was stimulating the economy, which he did by adopting liberal measures in agriculture, mining, commerce and industry.


He gained a reputation as a man of intelligence and compassion, and a tireless worker. He created two new chairs at the university, improved the medical care at ten hospitals in Lima and established a foundling home.
He gained a reputation as a man of intelligence and compassion, and a tireless worker. He created two new chairs at the university, improved the medical care at ten hospitals in Lima and established a foundling home.


In June 1777 [[José Antonio de Areche]] arrived in Lima as ''visitador'' (inspector) from the Crown. He increased the sales tax from 4% to 6%, and Viceroy Guirior imposed a 12½% tax on liquor. Disagreements with ''Visitador'' Areche led to Guirior's removal from office in July 1780. He was subjected to a ''juicio de residencia'' (trial of grievances) and his pension was halved. However, he was acquitted posthumously. (He died on [[November 25]], [[1788]].) He was replaced as viceroy by the governor of Chile, [[Agustín de Jáuregui]].
In June 1777 [[José Antonio de Areche]] arrived in Lima as ''visitador'' (inspector) from the Crown. He increased the sales tax from 4% to 6%, and Viceroy Guirior imposed a 12½% tax on liquor. Disagreements with ''Visitador'' Areche led to Guirior's removal from office in July 1780. He was subjected to a ''[[juicio de residencia]]'' (trial of grievances) and his pension was halved. However, he was acquitted posthumously. (He died on November 25, 1788.) He was replaced as viceroy by the governor of Chile, [[Agustín de Jáuregui]].


At the time of Guirior's removal from office, the Indigenous of Peru were on the verge of revolt. The revolt, led by [[Túpac Amaru II]], broke out on [[November 4]], [[1780]].
At the time of Guirior's removal from office, the Indigenous of Peru were on the verge of revolt. The revolt, led by [[Túpac Amaru II]], broke out on November 4, 1780.


==External links==
==External links==
*{{es icon}} [http://es.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761592962/Manuel_de_Guirior.html Encarta]
*{{in lang|es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20081208102356/http://es.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761592962/Manuel_de_Guirior.html Encarta] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20081208102356/http://es.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761592962/Manuel_de_Guirior.html Archived] 2009-11-01)
*[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Peru.htm Dates of his administration in Peru]
*[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Peru.htm Dates of his administration in Peru]
*{{es icon}} [http://www.cal.org.pe/historia.htm Dispute with Areche]
*{{in lang|es}} [http://www.cal.org.pe/historia.htm Dispute with Areche]
*{{es icon}} [http://www.bogotaturismo.gov.co/turismo/productos/panorama/A1-Ficha%20Santa%20Fe.pdf Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia]
*{{in lang|es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20071010183523/http://www.bogotaturismo.gov.co/turismo/productos/panorama/A1-Ficha%20Santa%20Fe.pdf Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia]


==References==
{{Reflist}}


{{start box}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{succession box
{{succession box
| title=[[List of Viceroys of New Granada]]
| title=[[List of Viceroys of New Granada|Viceroy of New Granada]]
| before=[[Pedro Messía de la Cerda]]
| before=[[Pedro Messía de la Cerda]]
| after=[[Manuel Antonio Flores Maldonado]]
| after=[[Manuel Antonio Flores]]
| years='''1773-1776'''}}
| years=1773&ndash;1776}}
{{succession box
{{succession box
| title=[[Viceroyalty of Peru#List of Viceroys|Viceroy of Peru]]
| title=[[List of Viceroys of Peru|Viceroy of Peru]]
| before=[[Manuel de Amat y Juniet]]
| before=[[Manuel de Amat y Juniet]]
| after=[[Agustín de Jáuregui]]
| after=[[Agustín de Jáuregui]]
| years='''1776-1780'''}}
| years=1776&ndash;1780}}
{{end box}}
{{s-end}}


{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1708 births|Guirior, Manuel de]]

⚫
[[Category:1788 deaths|Guirior, Manuel de]]
[[Category:Spanish generals|Guirior, Manuel de]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Guirior, Manuel de}}
[[Category:Spanish viceroys|Guirior, Manuel de]]
[[Category:1708 births]]
⚫
[[Category:1788 deaths]]
[[Category:Marquesses of Spain]]
[[Category:Spanish generals]]
[[Category:Viceroys of Peru]]
[[Category:Viceroys of New Granada]]

Latest revision as of 15:44, 18 December 2024

Manuel de Guirior
Marquess of Guirior
32nd Viceroy of Peru
In office
July 17, 1776 – July 21, 1780
MonarchCharles III
Preceded byManuel de Amat y Juniet
Succeeded byAgustín de Jáuregui
Personal details
Born1708
Aoiz
DiedNovember 25, 1788
Madrid

Manuel de Guirior (in full, Manuel de Guirior y Portal de Huarte y Edozain, marqués de Guirior) (1708 – November 25, 1788[1]) was a Spanish naval officer and colonial administrator. He was viceroy of New Granada from 1772 to 1776 and of Peru from July 17, 1776, to July 21, 1780.

Guirior was born into a noble family of Navarre. He entered the navy in 1733 as a lieutenant. He fought in the Seven Years' War against the English, and also against the Berbers in the Mediterranean. He was a knight of the Order of St. John.

Guirior was married to Maria Ventura de Guirior, to whom he presented a noted emerald and diamond parure.[1] On his death in 1788, his titles passed to his great-nephew Don José Maria de Guirior and Larrea.

As viceroy of New Granada

[edit]

In 1772 he was named viceroy of New Granada. As viceroy, he tried to reform the religious communities, revitalize the missions, and insure more humanitarian treatment of the Indigenous. He worked to improve the economy and stimulate industry. He divided the city of Bogotá into barrios (boroughs).

He also improved the defenses of the colony, especially on the coast. He founded the Real Universidad de Santafé, as well as a hospital and a hospice. On July 20, 1773, he founded the first public library in the colony, in Bogotá. The original collection of the library consisted of books expropriated from the Jesuit community, which had been expelled from all dominions of the Spanish Empire by order of King Charles III of Spain in 1767. The new library opened on January 9, 1777. It is now the Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia (National Library of Colombia).

In 1774 Guirior was promoted to lieutenant general.

As viceroy of Peru

[edit]

He was named viceroy of Peru in 1775, and in 1776 he arrived in Lima and took up the position. He assisted the scientific expedition of Hipólito Ruiz López, José Antonio Pavón and Joseph Dombey, sent to study the flora of the viceroyalty. Their findings were later published as La flora peruana y chilena (The Flora of Peru and Chile). Again a major concern was stimulating the economy, which he did by adopting liberal measures in agriculture, mining, commerce and industry.

He gained a reputation as a man of intelligence and compassion, and a tireless worker. He created two new chairs at the university, improved the medical care at ten hospitals in Lima and established a foundling home.

In June 1777 José Antonio de Areche arrived in Lima as visitador (inspector) from the Crown. He increased the sales tax from 4% to 6%, and Viceroy Guirior imposed a 12½% tax on liquor. Disagreements with Visitador Areche led to Guirior's removal from office in July 1780. He was subjected to a juicio de residencia (trial of grievances) and his pension was halved. However, he was acquitted posthumously. (He died on November 25, 1788.) He was replaced as viceroy by the governor of Chile, Agustín de Jáuregui.

At the time of Guirior's removal from office, the Indigenous of Peru were on the verge of revolt. The revolt, led by Túpac Amaru II, broke out on November 4, 1780.

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Formerly in the collection of Manuel de Guirior y Portal de Huarte y Edozain, First Marquis de Guirior MAGNIFICENT EMERALD AND DIAMOND PARURE, CIRCA 1770". Sothebys.
Government offices
Preceded by Viceroy of New Granada
1773–1776 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Viceroy of Peru
1776–1780 		Succeeded by
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