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{{short description|American alpine skier}}
{{Infobox alpine ski racer
{{Infobox alpine ski racer
|name = Debbie Armstrong
|name = Debbie Armstrong
|image =
|image =
|caption =
|caption =
|disciplines = [[Downhill skiing|Downhill]], [[Super Giant Slalom skiing|Super G]],<br>[[Giant Slalom skiing|Giant Slalom]], [[Slalom skiing|Slalom]],<br>[[Alpine skiing combined|Combined]]
|disciplines = [[Downhill_(ski_competition)|Downhill]], [[super-G]], [[giant slalom]], [[Slalom skiing|slalom]], [[Alpine skiing combined|combined]]
|club =
|club =
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1963|12|06}}
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1963|12|06}}
|birth_place = [[Salem, Oregon|Salem]], [[Oregon]], [[United States|U.S.]]
|birth_place = [[Salem, Oregon|Salem]], [[Oregon]], [[United States|U.S.]]
|height = 5 ft 5 in
|height = 5 ft 5 in
|wcdebut = December 8, [[1982 Alpine Skiing World Cup|1982]]<br>(age 17)
|wcdebut = December 8, [[1982–83 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup|1982]]<br>(age 19)
|retired = March [[1988 Alpine Skiing World Cup|1988]] (age 24)
|retired = March [[1987–88 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup|1988]] (age 24)
|website =
|website =
|olympicteams = 2 - ''([[Alpine skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics|1984]], [[Alpine skiing at the 1988 Winter Olympics|1988]])''
|olympicteams = 2 – ([[Alpine skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics|1984]], [[Alpine skiing at the 1988 Winter Olympics|1988]])
|olympicmedals = 1
|olympicmedals = 1
|olympicgolds = 1
|olympicgolds = 1
|worldsteams =3 - ''([[1982 Alpine Skiing World Cup|1982]], [[FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1985|1985]], [[FIS Alpine World Ski Championships|1987]])''
|worldsteams = 3 – (''[[FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1982|1982]]'', [[FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1985|1985]], [[FIS Alpine World Ski Championships|1987]])
|worldsmedals = 0
|worldsmedals = 0
|worldsgolds =
|worldsgolds =
|wcseasons = 7 - ([[1982 Alpine Skiing World Cup|1982]]-[[1988 Alpine Skiing World Cup|1988]])''
|wcseasons = 6 – ([[1982–83 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup|1982]]–[[1987–88 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup|1988]])
|wcwins = 0
|wcwins = 0
|wcpodiums = 1
|wcpodiums = 1 – (1 [[Super-G|SG]])
|wcoveralls = 0
|wcoveralls = 0 – ''(20th in [[1984–85 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup|1985]])''
|wctitles = 0 – ''(12th in [[Giant slalom|GS]] in [[1983–84 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup|1984]];<br>{{spaces|7}}12th in [[Downhill (ski competition)|DH]] in [[1986–87 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup|1987]])''
|wctitles = 0
|show-medals = yes
|show-medals = yes
|medals =
|medals =
Line 27: Line 28:
{{MedalCountry | the {{USA}} }}
{{MedalCountry | the {{USA}} }}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Alpine skiing at the Winter Olympics|Olympic Games]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Alpine skiing at the Winter Olympics|Olympic Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Alpine skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics|1984 Sarajevo]]|[[Alpine skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics – Women's giant slalom|Giant Slalom]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Alpine skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics|1984 Sarajevo]]|[[Alpine skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics – Women's giant slalom|Giant slalom]]}}
}}
}}


'''Debra Rae "Debbie" Armstrong''' (born December 6, 1963) is a former [[FIS Alpine Ski World Cup|World Cup]] [[Alpine skiing|alpine ski racer]] from [[Seattle]], [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]]. She was the first gold medalist from the[[Category:Fags]] [[United States|U.S.]] in women's [[Alpine skiing at the Winter Olympics|alpine skiing]] in 12 years, winning the [[Giant Slalom skiing|giant slalom]] at the [[Alpine skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics|1984 Winter Olympics]] in [[Sarajevo]], [[Yugoslavia]].<ref>https://data.fis-ski.com/dynamic/results.html?sector=AL&raceid=9179</ref>
'''Debra Rae''' "'''Debbie'''" '''Armstrong''' (born December 6, 1963) is a former [[FIS Alpine Ski World Cup|World Cup]] [[Alpine skiing|alpine ski racer]] from [[Seattle]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]]. She was the first Olympic gold medalist from the [[United States|U.S.]] in women's [[Alpine skiing at the Winter Olympics|alpine skiing]] in twelve years, winning the [[Alpine skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics – Women's giant slalom|giant slalom]] at the [[Alpine skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics|1984 Winter Olympics]] in [[Sarajevo]], [[Yugoslavia]].<ref>{{cite Sports-Reference}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.fis-ski.com/dynamic/results.html?sector=AL&raceid=9179|title = Olympic Winter Games Sarajevo (JUG)}}</ref><ref name=wsnmwg>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=bpIyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7u4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6543%2C7338567 |work=Spokesman-Review |location=(Spokane, Washington) |agency=Associated Press |last=Yake |first=D. Byron |title=Washington skier (not Mahre) wins gold |date=February 14, 1984 |page=C1}}</ref><ref name=acfch>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8vhVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=juEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3342%2C3408639 |work=Eugene Register-Guard |location=(Oregon) |agency=wire service reports |title=America cheers its first champion |date=February 14, 1984 |page=1D}}</ref><ref name=usastrkgo>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2porAAAAIBAJ&sjid=pfoFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4450%2C2636108 |work=Nashua Telegraph |location=(New Hampshire) |agency=Associated Press |title=USA strikes gold in Winter Games |date=February 14, 1984 |page=19}}</ref><ref name=medsin>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-bRYAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7O4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5661%2C4385258 |work=Spokesman-Review |location=(Spokane, Washington) |agency=Associated Press |title=Armstrong: Medal 'sinking in' |date=February 24, 1984 |page=23}}</ref>


==Racing career==
==Racing career==
Born in [[Salem, Oregon|Salem]], [[Oregon]], Armstrong grew up in Seattle and was a multi-sport athlete at [[James A. Garfield High School (Seattle)|Garfield High School]]; in addition to ski racing, she also played [[basketball]], [[soccer]], volleyball and [[tennis]] and has been inducted in the Seattle Public School Hall of Fame<ref>http://www.spsathletichalloffame.org/debbie-armstrong-bio.htm</ref> and [[State of Washington Sports Hall of Fame]]<ref>https://washingtonsportshof.org/by-category/snow-skiing/</ref> and the U.S. Ski [[National Ski Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]].<ref>https://usskiandsnowboard.org/news/hall-fame-induction-set-steamboat-0</ref>
Born in [[Salem, Oregon|Salem]], [[Oregon]], Armstrong grew up in Seattle and was a multi-sport athlete at [[James A. Garfield High School (Seattle)|Garfield High School]]; in addition to ski racing, she also played [[basketball]], [[soccer]], volleyball, and [[tennis]]. Armstrong has been inducted in the [[Seattle Public Schools]] Hall of Fame,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.spsathletichalloffame.org/debbie-armstrong-bio.htm|title = Debbie Armstrong - SPS Athletic Hall of Fame}}</ref> [[State of Washington Sports Hall of Fame]],<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://washingtonsportshof.org/by-category/snow-skiing/|title = Skiing|date = 5 March 2017|access-date = 19 March 2018|archive-date = 2 October 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181002064751/https://washingtonsportshof.org/by-category/snow-skiing/|url-status = dead}}</ref> and the [[National Ski Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://usskiandsnowboard.org/news/hall-fame-induction-set-steamboat-0|title = Hall of Fame Induction Set for Steamboat}}</ref>


Debbie Armstrong developed her racing skills in the 1970's at the [[Alpental]] [[ski area]] at [[Snoqualmie Pass]], an hour east of [[Seattle]] on [[Interstate 90 in Washington|I-90]]. The run "Debbie's Gold" and the "Armstrong's Express" [[Detachable chairlift|high-speed quad chairlift]] are named for her.<ref>[http://www.summitatsnoqualmie.com/Mountains/Trail-Maps Summit at Snoqualmie] - trail maps - accessed 2010-03-11</ref>
Armstrong developed her racing skills in the 1970s at the [[Alpental]] [[ski area]] at [[Snoqualmie Pass]], an hour east of Seattle on [[Interstate 90 in Washington|I-90]]. The run "Debbie's Gold" and the "Armstrong's Express" [[Detachable chairlift|high-speed quad chairlift]] are named for her.<ref>[http://www.summitatsnoqualmie.com/Mountains/Trail-Maps Summit at Snoqualmie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817124917/http://www.summitatsnoqualmie.com/mountains/trail-maps |date=2018-08-17 }} - trail maps - accessed 2010-03-11</ref>


She was the Junior National Giant Slalom Champion (Squaw Valley) in 1980.<ref>http://www.skihall.com/index.php?_a=document&doc_id=11&id=18</ref> After being named to the [[United States Ski Team|U.S. Ski Team]] in 1981 she placed 14th<ref>https://data.fis-ski.com/dynamic/athlete-biography.html?sector=AL&competitorid=1699&type=result</ref> in her first World Cup Giant Slalom in Val d'isere, France starting from bib number 68.
She was the junior national champion in giant slalom in 1980 at Squaw Valley.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.skihall.com/index.php?_a=document&doc_id=11&id=18|title=Robert L. (Barney) McLean}}</ref> After being named to the [[United States Ski Team|U.S. Ski Team]] in 1981 she placed 14th<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.fis-ski.com/dynamic/athlete-biography.html?sector=AL&competitorid=1699&type=result|title = ARMSTRONG Debbie - Athlete Information}}</ref> in her first World Cup Giant slalom in Val d'isere, France starting from bib number 68.


Armstrong made the [[FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1982|1982 World Championship]] team<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.skihall.com/index.php?_a=document&doc_id=11&id=18|title=Robert L. (Barney) McLean}}</ref> in Austria, but broke a leg in a downhill training run and did not compete. She was runner-up in the giant slalom at the 1983 U.S. Nationals, and in January [[1983–84 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup|1984]], was third in a World Cup super-G<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.fis-ski.com/dynamic/athlete-biography.html?sector=AL&competitorid=1699&type=result|title = ARMSTRONG Debbie - Athlete Information}}</ref> and fifth in a giant slalom,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.fis-ski.com/dynamic/athlete-biography.html?sector=AL&competitorid=1699&type=result|title = ARMSTRONG Debbie - Athlete Information}}</ref> shortly before the [[Alpine skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Olympics]].
She made the 1982 World Championship team<ref>http://www.skihall.com/index.php?_a=document&doc_id=11&id=18</ref> in Austria where she broke a leg in a downhill training run and was unable to compete.


At the [[Alpine skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics|1984 Winter Olympics]] in [[Sarajevo]], Armstrong became the first American woman to win a gold medal in skiing since [[Barbara Cochran]] won the [[Alpine skiing at the 1972 Winter Olympics – Women's slalom|slalom]] a [[Alpine skiing at the 1972 Winter Olympics|dozen years earlier]] at [[Sapporo, Japan|Sapporo]].
She finished 2nd in the [[Giant Slalom]] at the 1983 U.S. Nationals, and placed 3rd in a [[Alpine Skiing World Cup|World Cup]] [[Super Giant Slalom skiing|Super G]]<ref>https://data.fis-ski.com/dynamic/athlete-biography.html?sector=AL&competitorid=1699&type=result</ref> and 5th in a [[Giant Slalom]]<ref>https://data.fis-ski.com/dynamic/athlete-biography.html?sector=AL&competitorid=1699&type=result</ref> in early January [[1984 Alpine Skiing World Cup|1984]], shortly before the next [[Alpine skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Olympic games]] in [[Sarajevo]].


At the [[FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1985|1985 World Championships]] in Bormio, Italy, Armstrong placed 4th in the giant slalom.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.fis-ski.com/dynamic/athlete-biography.html?sector=AL&competitorid=1699&type=result|title = ARMSTRONG Debbie - Athlete Information}}</ref> In [[FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1987|1987]] at the World Championships, Armstrong placed sixth in the [[Super-G]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.fis-ski.com/dynamic/athlete-biography.html?sector=AL&competitorid=1699&type=result|title = ARMSTRONG Debbie - Athlete Information}}</ref> and became the U.S. National Giant slalom Champion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.skihall.com/index.php?_a=document&doc_id=11&id=18|title=Robert L. (Barney) McLean}}</ref>
At the [[Alpine skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics|1984 Winter Olympics]] in [[Sarajevo]], she became the first American woman to win a gold medal in skiing since [[Barbara Cochran]] won gold 12 years earlier in [[Alpine skiing at the 1972 Winter Olympics|1972]] at [[Sapporo, Japan|Sapporo]]. Taking the silver medal behind her at [[Jahorina]] was [[Sun Valley, Idaho|Sun Valley's]] [[Christin Cooper]]. Later in those games, [[Phil Mahre]] and [[Bill Johnson (skier)|Bill Johnson]] became the first American men to win Olympic gold in alpine skiing, and [[Steve Mahre]] took the silver in the men's [[Slalom skiing|slalom]] behind his twin brother. All five alpine medalists from the U.S. were from the [[Pacific Northwest|Northwest]].


At the 1985 [[FIS Alpine World Ski Championships|World Championships]] in Bormio, Italy, Armstrong placed 4th in the giant slalom.<ref>https://data.fis-ski.com/dynamic/athlete-biography.html?sector=AL&competitorid=1699&type=result</ref>
Defending her gold medal, she finished thirteenth in the [[Alpine skiing at the 1988 Winter Olympics – Women's giant slalom|giant slalom]] at the [[Alpine skiing at the 1988 Winter Olympics|1988 Winter Olympics]] in Calgary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.fis-ski.com/dynamic/athlete-biography.html?sector=AL&competitorid=1699&type=result|title = ARMSTRONG Debbie - Athlete Information}}</ref>


⚫
Dr. Hubert Armstrong, Armstrong's father, is a clinical psychologist at the [[University of Washington]]; he participated in the 1988 Winter Olympics, representing the US luge team as the sports psychologist. His 1986 ''Parenting the Elite Athlete'' (Armstrong, Hubert E., Jr., Ph.D. (February/March 1986) has gained traction as a classic sport parenting article in alpine ski racing.
In 1987, Armstrong placed 6th in the [[FIS Alpine World Championships]] [[Super Giant Slalom skiing|Super-G]].<ref>https://data.fis-ski.com/dynamic/athlete-biography.html?sector=AL&competitorid=1699&type=result</ref> and became the U.S. National Giant Slalom Champion.<ref>http://www.skihall.com/index.php?_a=document&doc_id=11&id=18</ref>


⚫
She completed her World Cup career with 18 top ten finishes: 7 in [[Downhill (ski competition)|downhill]], three in [[Super-G]], five in [[giant slalom]], and three in [[Alpine skiing combined|combined]].<ref>[http://www.ski-db.com/db/profiles/debbie_armstrong_usa_warmde.asp Ski-db.com] - results - Debbie Armstrong - accessed 2012-01-06</ref>
She finished 13th in the giant slalom at the [[Alpine skiing at the 1988 Winter Olympics|1988 Winter Olympics]] in Calgary.<ref>https://data.fis-ski.com/dynamic/athlete-biography.html?sector=AL&competitorid=1699&type=result</ref>


==World Cup results==
⚫
Dr. Hubert Armstrong, Armstrong's father, is a clinical psychologist at the University of Washington. He participated in the 1988 Winter Olympics representing the US luge team as the Sports Psychologist. His 1986, Parenting the Elite Athlete (Armstrong Jr. Ph.D., Hubert E. (February/March 1986) has gained traction as a classic sport parenting article in alpine ski racing.
===Season standings===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
⚫
She completed her [[Alpine Skiing World Cup|World Cup]] career with 18 top ten finishes: 7 in the [[Downhill (ski competition)|downhill]], three in the [[Super Giant Slalom skiing|Super-G]], five in the [[Giant slalom skiing|giant slalom]], and three in the [[Alpine skiing combined|combined]].<ref>[http://www.ski-db.com/db/profiles/debbie_armstrong_usa_warmde.asp Ski-db.com] - results - Debbie Armstrong - accessed 2012-01-06</ref>
!Season !! Age !! Overall !! Slalom !! Giant<br>Slalom !! Super G !! Downhill !! Combined
|-
| [[1982–83 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup|1983]] || ''19'' || 33 || — || 26 ||rowspan=3|<small>not<br>awarded<br>(w/ GS)</small>|| 19 || 20
|-
| [[1983–84 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup|1984]] || ''20'' || 24 || — || 12 || 37 || 15
|-
| [[1984–85 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup|1985]] || ''21'' || 20 || — || 16 || 23 || 19
|-
| [[1985–86 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup|1986]] || ''22'' || 35 || — || — || 20 || 21 || 17
|-
| [[1986–87 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup|1987]] || ''23'' || 22 || — || 18 || 20 || 12 || —
|-
| [[1987–88 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup|1988]] || ''24'' || 94 || — || 32 || — || — || —
|}


==World Cup top tens==
===Top ten finishes===
* 0 wins, 1 podium (SG), 18 top tens (7 DH, 3 SG, 5 GS, 3K)
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
Line 64: Line 80:
! Place
! Place
|-
|-
| rowspan=2 align=center | '''[[1983 Alpine Skiing World Cup|1983]]''' || 15 Dec 1982 || {{flagicon|ITA}} [[San Sicario]], [[Italy]] || align=center|[[Downhill skiing|Slalom]]|| align=center|7th
| rowspan=2 align=center | '''[[1982–83 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup|1983]]''' || align=right|15 Dec 1982 || {{flagicon|ITA}} [[San Sicario]], [[Italy]] || align=center|[[Downhill (ski competition)|Downhill]]|| align=center|7th
|-
|-
|| 29 Jan 1983 || {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Les Diablerets]], [[Switzerland]] || align=center|[[Downhill skiing|Downhill]] || align=center|5th
|align=right|29 Jan 1983 || &nbsp;{{flagicon|SUI}}&nbsp; [[Les Diablerets]], [[Switzerland]] || align=center|Downhill || align=center|5th
|-
|-
| rowspan=5 align=center | '''[[1984 Alpine Skiing World Cup|1984]]''' || 08 Jan 1984 || {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Puy-Saint-Vincent|Puy St. Vincent]], [[France]] || align=center|[[Super Giant Slalom skiing|Super G]]|| align=center|'''3rd'''
| rowspan=5 align=center | '''[[1983–84 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup|1984]]''' || align=right|8 Jan 1984 || {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Puy-Saint-Vincent|Puy St. Vincent]], [[France]] || align=center|[[Super-G]]|| align=center|'''3rd'''
|-
|-
| 29 Jan 1984 || rowspan=2|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Saint-Gervais-les-Bains|St. Gervais]], France || align=center|[[Alpine skiing combined|Combined]]|| align=center|6th
| align=right|29 Jan 1984 || rowspan=2|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Saint-Gervais-les-Bains|St. Gervais]], France || align=center|[[Alpine skiing combined|Combined]]|| align=center|6th
|-
|-
| 29 Jan 1984 || align=center|Giant Slalom|| align=center|5th
| align=right|29 Jan 1984 || align=center|[[Giant slalom]]|| align=center|5th
|-
|-
| colspan=4 align=center|<small>{{flagicon|YUG}} [[Alpine skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics#Giant Slalom 2|''1984 Winter Olympics'']]</small>
| colspan=4 align=center|<small>{{flagicon|YUG}} [[Alpine skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics#Giant slalom 2|''1984 Winter Olympics'']]</small>
|-
|-
| 21 Mar 1984 || {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Zwiesel]], [[West Germany]] || align=center|Giant Slalom||align=center|9th
| align=right|21 Mar 1984 || {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Zwiesel]], [[West Germany]] || align=center|Giant slalom||align=center|9th
|-
|-
| rowspan=7 align=center | '''[[1985 Alpine Skiing World Cup|1985]]''' || 15 Dec 1984 || {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Madonna di Campiglio]], Italy || align=center|Giant Slalom||align=center|5th
| rowspan=7 align=center | '''[[1984–85 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup|1985]]''' || align=right|15 Dec 1984 || {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Madonna di Campiglio]], Italy || align=center|Giant slalom||align=center|5th
|-
|-
| 17 Dec 1984 || rowspan=2|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Santa Caterina di Valfurva|Santa Caterina]], Italy || align=center|Giant Slalom||align=center|4th
| align=right|17 Dec 1984 || rowspan=2|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Santa Caterina di Valfurva|Santa Caterina]], Italy || align=center|Giant slalom||align=center|4th
|-
|-
| 09 Jan 1985 || align=center|Combined||align=center|8th
| align=right|9 Jan 1985 || align=center|Combined||align=center|8th
|-
|-
| colspan=4 align=center|<small>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1985|''1985 World Championships'']]</small>
| colspan=4 align=center|<small>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1985|''1985 World Championships'']]</small>
|-
|-
| 09 Mar 1985 || rowspan=2|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Sunshine Village|Banff]], [[Alberta|AB]], [[Canada]] || align=center|Downhill|| align=center|8th
| align=right|9 Mar 1985 || rowspan=2|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Banff Sunshine|Banff]], [[Alberta|AB]], [[Canada]] || align=center|Downhill|| align=center|8th
|-
|-
| 10 Mar 1985 || align=center|Super G|| align=center|7th
| align=right|10 Mar 1985 || align=center|Super G|| align=center|7th
|-
|-
| 17 Mar 1985 || {{flagicon|USA}} [[Waterville Valley Resort|Waterville Valley]], [[New Hampshire|NH]], [[United States of America|USA]] || align=center|Giant Slalom||align=center|10th
| align=right|17 Mar 1985 || {{flagicon|USA}} [[Waterville Valley Resort|Waterville Valley]], [[New Hampshire|NH]], [[United States of America|USA]] || align=center|Giant slalom||align=center|10th
|-
|-
| rowspan=4 align=center | '''[[1986 Alpine Skiing World Cup|1986]]''' ||07 Dec 1985 || {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Sestriere]], Italy ||align=center|Super G||align=center|4th
| rowspan=4 align=center | '''[[1985–86 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup|1986]]''' ||align=right|7 Dec 1985 || {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Sestriere]], Italy ||align=center|Super G||align=center|4th
|-
|-
| 12 Dec 1985 || rowspan=2|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Val-d'Isère|Val d'Isère]], France ||align=center|Downhill||align=center|5th
| align=right|12 Dec 1985 || rowspan=2|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Val-d'Isère|Val d'Isère]], France ||align=center|Downhill||align=center|5th
|-
|-
| 13 Dec 1985 || align=center|Downhill||align=center|7th
| align=right|13 Dec 1985 || align=center|Downhill||align=center|7th
|-
|-
| 06 Jan 1986 || {{flagicon|YUG}} [[Maribor]], [[Yugoslavia]] ||align=center|Combined||align=center|6th
| align=right|6 Jan 1986 || {{flagicon|YUG}} [[Maribor Pohorje Ski Resort|Maribor]], [[Yugoslavia]] ||align=center|Combined||align=center|6th
|-
|-
| rowspan=3 align=center | '''[[1987 Alpine Skiing World Cup|1987]]''' || 12 Dec 1986 || rowspan=2|{{flagicon|FRA}} Val d'Isère, France ||align=center|Downhill||align=center|6th
| rowspan=3 align=center | '''[[1986–87 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup|1987]]''' || align=right|12 Dec 1986 || rowspan=2|{{flagicon|FRA}} Val d'Isère, France ||align=center|Downhill||align=center|6th
|-
|-
| 13 Dec 1986 || align=center|Downhill||align=center|4th
| align=right|13 Dec 1986 || align=center|Downhill||align=center|4th
|-
|-
| colspan=4 align=center|<small>{{flagicon|SUI}} [[FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1987|''1987 World Championships'']]</small>
| colspan=4 align=center|<small>{{flagicon|SUI}} [[FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1987|''1987 World Championships'']]</small>
|}

==World championship results ==
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
!&nbsp; Year &nbsp; !! &nbsp;Age&nbsp; !! &nbsp;Slalom&nbsp; !! &nbsp;Giant&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;Slalom&nbsp; !! Super-G !! Downhill !!Combined
|-
| [[FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1985|1985]] || ''21'' || — || 4 ||{{n/a}}<!-- <small>''not run''</small> -->|| 23 || DNF SL1
|-
| [[FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1987|1987]] || ''23'' || — || 17 || 6 || 13 || —
|}

==Olympic results [[File:Olympic rings.svg|50px]] ==
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
!&nbsp; Year &nbsp; !! &nbsp;Age&nbsp; !! &nbsp;Slalom&nbsp; !! &nbsp;Giant&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;Slalom&nbsp; !! Super-G !! Downhill !!Combined
|-
| [[Alpine skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics|1984]] || ''20'' || [[Alpine skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics – Women's slalom|—]] || style="background:gold;"|[[Alpine skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics – Women's giant slalom|1]] ||{{n/a}}<!--<small>''not run''</small>-->|| [[Alpine skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics – Women's downhill|21]]||{{n/a}}<!--<small>''not run''</small>-->
|-
| [[Alpine skiing at the 1988 Winter Olympics|1988]] || ''24'' || [[Alpine skiing at the 1988 Winter Olympics – Women's slalom|—]]|| [[Alpine skiing at the 1988 Winter Olympics – Women's giant slalom|13]] || [[Alpine skiing at the 1988 Winter Olympics – Women's super-G|18]] || [[Alpine skiing at the 1988 Winter Olympics – Women's downhill|—]] ||[[Alpine skiing at the 1988 Winter Olympics – Women's combined|—]]
|}
|}


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After her retirement from competitive skiing following the [[1988 Alpine Skiing World Cup|1988 World Cup]] season, Armstrong has led various humanitarian causes, including the Debbie Armstrong Say No to Alcohol and Drugs campaign; the SKIFORALL Foundation, which opens skiing events to the disabled; and Global ReLeaf Sarajevo, which seeks to reforest [[Sarajevo]] after the [[Bosnian war]]. Armstrong moved to Albuquerque, NM and attended University of New Mexico and earned an undergraduate degree (Bachelor of Science) in History.
After her retirement from competitive skiing following the [[1988 Alpine Skiing World Cup|1988 World Cup]] season, Armstrong has led various humanitarian causes, including the Debbie Armstrong Say No to Alcohol and Drugs campaign; the SKIFORALL Foundation, which opens skiing events to the disabled; and Global ReLeaf Sarajevo, which seeks to reforest [[Sarajevo]] after the [[Bosnian war]]. Armstrong moved to Albuquerque, NM and attended University of New Mexico and earned an undergraduate degree (Bachelor of Science) in History.


Armstrong served as the Ski Ambassador at Taos Ski Valley for eight seasons. Simultaneously, she served a four-year term on the [[Professional Ski Instructors of America & American Association of Snowboard Instructors|Professional Ski Instructors of America (PSIA)]] Alpine Demo Team<ref>http://www.skihall.com/index.php?_a=document&doc_id=11&id=18</ref> which marked the first time a former US Ski Team athlete qualified for the Demo Team.
Armstrong served as the Ski Ambassador at Taos Ski Valley for eight seasons. Simultaneously, she served a four-year term on the [[Professional Ski Instructors of America & American Association of Snowboard Instructors|Professional Ski Instructors of America (PSIA)]] Alpine Demo Team<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.skihall.com/index.php?_a=document&doc_id=11&id=18|title=Robert L. (Barney) McLean}}</ref> which marked the first time a former US Ski Team athlete qualified for the Demo Team.


The PSIA Demo Team (now known as the PSIA-AASI Alpine Team) is made up of the top ski instructors in the nation. These professionals are "some of the best skiers and riders in the game and they are inspirational educators and lifelong learners.Every four years, thirty men and women are chosen to represent the association following a rigorous selection process. Team members are responsible for promoting, supporting, and assisting with the development of PSIA-AASI education materials, programs, and activities at all levels. They set the standard for U.S. snowsports instruction and embody the ski and snowboard experience."<ref>http://www.thesnowpros.org/about/teams</ref>
The PSIA Demo Team (now known as the PSIA-AASI Alpine Team) is made up of the top ski instructors in the nation. These professionals are "some of the best skiers and riders in the game and they are inspirational educators and lifelong learners. Every four years, thirty men and women are chosen to represent the association following a rigorous selection process. Team members are responsible for promoting, supporting, and assisting with the development of PSIA-AASI education materials, programs, and activities at all levels. They set the standard for U.S. snowsports instruction and embody the ski and snowboard experience."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thesnowpros.org/about/teams|title = Teams}}</ref>


In 2007, Armstrong moved to [[Steamboat Springs, Colorado|Steamboat Springs]], [[Colorado]] where she served one year as Technical Director for the Steamboat Ski Resort (Armstrong 2008, p.&nbsp;36). In 2008, she became the Alpine Director at the [[Steamboat Springs Winter Sports Club]],<ref>https://www.steamboattoday.com/news/armstrong-moving-to-sswsc/</ref> a world-renowned ski club located in [[Steamboat Springs, Colorado|Steamboat Springs]], [[Colorado]], a position she held for six years. Beginning with the 2014 season, Armstrong transitioned to the U10 Head Coach position and Coach Trainer at the [[Steamboat Springs Winter Sports Club|Sports Club]].
In 2007, Armstrong moved to [[Steamboat Springs, Colorado|Steamboat Springs]], [[Colorado]] where she served one year as Technical Director for the Steamboat Ski Resort (Armstrong 2008, p.&nbsp;36). In 2008, she became the Alpine Director at the [[Steamboat Springs Winter Sports Club]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.steamboattoday.com/news/armstrong-moving-to-sswsc/|title = Armstrong moving to SSWSC| date=6 June 2008 }}</ref> a world-renowned ski club located in [[Steamboat Springs, Colorado|Steamboat Springs]], [[Colorado]], a position she held for six years. Beginning with the 2014 season, Armstrong transitioned to the U10 Head Coach position and Coach Trainer at the [[Steamboat Springs Winter Sports Club|Sports Club]].


Currently, Armstrong is specializing in the training and development of young skiers (U8-U12)<ref>https://www.sswsc.org/winter-programs/youth-development/u10-u10plus</ref> and serves on numerous [[United States Ski and Snowboard Association|US Ski and Snowboard]] Task Forces for Education, Athlete Development and Gender Topics. Armstrong produces specialized training videos for coaches and athletes.
Currently, Armstrong is specializing in the training and development of young skiers (U8-U12)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sswsc.org/winter-programs/youth-development/u10-u10plus|title=U10 & U10 Plus &#124; Alpine Winter Programs &#124; Steamboat Springs CO|access-date=2018-03-19|archive-date=2023-12-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211231353/http://www.sswsc.org/winter-programs/youth-development/u10-u10plus|url-status=dead}}</ref> and serves on numerous [[United States Ski and Snowboard Association|US Ski and Snowboard]] Task Forces for Education, Athlete Development and Gender Topics. Armstrong produces specialized training videos for coaches and athletes.


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
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==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|2}}


==External links==
==External links==
* {{sports links}}
* [https://data.fis-ski.com/dynamic/athlete-biography.html?sector=AL&competitorid=1699&type=result Debbie Armstrong biography] at FIS-ski.com
* {{ski-db}}
* [http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=1699&type=st-WC Debbie Armstrong - World Cup season standings 1983-88] at FIS-ski.com
⚫
* [http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/cover/toc/8891/index.htm ''Sports Illustrated'' cover 20-Feb-1984] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829210642/http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/cover/toc/8891/index.htm |date=2008-08-29 }}
* [http://www.ski-db.com/db/profiles/debbie_armstrong_usa_warmde.asp Debbie Armstrong - results] at Ski-db.com
⚫
* {{webarchive |url=https://archive.today/20130102054755/http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1121790/index.htm |date=January 2, 2013 |title=''Sports Illustrated'' article 20-Feb-1984: "Have fun! Have fun! Have fun!" by William Oscar Johnson}}
* {{SR/Olympics profile|ar/debbie-armstrong-1}}
* {{IOC profile|debbie-armstrong}}
⚫
* [http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/cover/toc/8891/index.htm ''Sports Illustrated'' cover 20-Feb-1984]
⚫
* {{webarchive |url=https://archive.is/20130102054755/http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1121790/index.htm |date=January 2, 2013 |title=''Sports Illustrated'' article 20-Feb-1984: "Have fun! Have fun! Have fun!" by William Oscar Johnson}}
* {{webarchive |url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20020223173751/http://www.hickoksports.com/biograph/armstrde.shtml |date=February 23, 2002 |title=Debbie Armstrong bio at Hickok Sports.com}}
* {{webarchive |url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20020223173751/http://www.hickoksports.com/biograph/armstrde.shtml |date=February 23, 2002 |title=Debbie Armstrong bio at Hickok Sports.com}}
* [http://www.thesnowpros.org/about/teams About PSIA-AASI Teams]
* [http://www.thesnowpros.org/about/teams About PSIA-AASI Teams]
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===Videos===
===Videos===
* {{YouTube|huM0oYjXNnI|1984 Winter Olympics - Women's Giant Slalom - Debbie Armstrong's 1st run starts at 2:40 - ABC Sports}}
* {{YouTube|huM0oYjXNnI|1984 Winter Olympics - Women's giant slalom – Debbie Armstrong's 1st run starts at 2:40 - ABC Sports}}
* {{YouTube|SpFRGVA8Ll0|1984 Winter Olympics - Women's Giant Slalom - Debbie Armstrong's 2nd (winning) run starts at 4:32 - ABC Sports}}
* {{YouTube|SpFRGVA8Ll0|1984 Winter Olympics - Women's giant slalom – Debbie Armstrong's 2nd (winning) run starts at 4:32 - ABC Sports}}
* {{YouTube|bgq_cn8EAQQ|1984 Winter Olympics - Women's Giant Slalom - Final runs and interviews with Debbie Armstrong and Christin Cooper after US Women took 1st, 2nd and 4th - ABC Sports}}
* {{YouTube|bgq_cn8EAQQ|1984 Winter Olympics - Women's giant slalom – Final runs and interviews with Debbie Armstrong and Christin Cooper after US Women took 1st, 2nd and 4th - ABC Sports}}
* {{YouTube|kkRe4uttpec|1984 Winter Olympics - Women's Giant Slalom - Awards Ceremony- Debbie Armstrong wins Gold and Christin Cooper wins Silver - ABC Sports}}
* {{YouTube|kkRe4uttpec|1984 Winter Olympics - Women's giant slalom – Awards Ceremony- Debbie Armstrong wins Gold and Christin Cooper wins Silver - ABC Sports}}
* {{YouTube|LzInh9k7Ams|White House Reception for 1984 Olympic Athletes - posted with permission from the Reagan Presidential Library}}
* {{YouTube|LzInh9k7Ams|White House Reception for 1984 Olympic Athletes - posted with permission from the Reagan Presidential Library}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Armstrong, Debbie}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Armstrong, Debbie}}
[[Category:American female alpine skiers]]
[[Category:American female alpine skiers]]
[[Category:Olympic alpine skiers of the United States]]
[[Category:Alpine skiers at the 1984 Winter Olympics]]
[[Category:Alpine skiers at the 1984 Winter Olympics]]
[[Category:Alpine skiers at the 1988 Winter Olympics]]
[[Category:Alpine skiers at the 1988 Winter Olympics]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Salem, Oregon]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Salem, Oregon]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Seattle]]
[[Category:Skiers from Seattle]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
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[[Category:Garfield High School (Seattle) alumni]]
[[Category:Garfield High School (Seattle) alumni]]
[[Category:Olympic gold medalists for the United States in alpine skiing]]
[[Category:Olympic gold medalists for the United States in alpine skiing]]
[[Category:20th-century American sportswomen]]

Latest revision as of 19:43, 4 August 2024

Debbie Armstrong
Personal information
Born (1963-12-06) December 6, 1963 (age 61)
Salem, Oregon, U.S.
OccupationAlpine skier
Height5 ft 5 in (165 cm)
Skiing career
DisciplinesDownhill, super-G, giant slalom, slalom, combined
World Cup debutDecember 8, 1982
(age 19)
RetiredMarch 1988 (age 24)
Olympics
Teams2 – (1984, 1988)
Medals1 (1 gold)
World Championships
Teams3 – (1982, 1985, 1987)
Medals0
World Cup
Seasons6 – (1982–1988)
Wins0
Podiums1 – (1 SG)
Overall titles0 – (20th in 1985)
Discipline titles0 – (12th in GS in 1984;
       12th in DH in 1987)
Medal record
Women's alpine skiing
Representing the  United States
Olympic Games
Gold medal – first place 1984 Sarajevo Giant slalom

Debra Rae "Debbie" Armstrong (born December 6, 1963) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer from Seattle, Washington. She was the first Olympic gold medalist from the U.S. in women's alpine skiing in twelve years, winning the giant slalom at the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Racing career

[edit]

Born in Salem, Oregon, Armstrong grew up in Seattle and was a multi-sport athlete at Garfield High School; in addition to ski racing, she also played basketball, soccer, volleyball, and tennis. Armstrong has been inducted in the Seattle Public Schools Hall of Fame,[7] State of Washington Sports Hall of Fame,[8] and the National Ski Hall of Fame.[9]

Armstrong developed her racing skills in the 1970s at the Alpental ski area at Snoqualmie Pass, an hour east of Seattle on I-90. The run "Debbie's Gold" and the "Armstrong's Express" high-speed quad chairlift are named for her.[10]

She was the junior national champion in giant slalom in 1980 at Squaw Valley.[11] After being named to the U.S. Ski Team in 1981 she placed 14th[12] in her first World Cup Giant slalom in Val d'isere, France starting from bib number 68.

Armstrong made the 1982 World Championship team[13] in Austria, but broke a leg in a downhill training run and did not compete. She was runner-up in the giant slalom at the 1983 U.S. Nationals, and in January 1984, was third in a World Cup super-G[14] and fifth in a giant slalom,[15] shortly before the Olympics.

At the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, Armstrong became the first American woman to win a gold medal in skiing since Barbara Cochran won the slalom a dozen years earlier at Sapporo.

At the 1985 World Championships in Bormio, Italy, Armstrong placed 4th in the giant slalom.[16] In 1987 at the World Championships, Armstrong placed sixth in the Super-G.[17] and became the U.S. National Giant slalom Champion.[18]

Defending her gold medal, she finished thirteenth in the giant slalom at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary.[19]

Dr. Hubert Armstrong, Armstrong's father, is a clinical psychologist at the University of Washington; he participated in the 1988 Winter Olympics, representing the US luge team as the sports psychologist. His 1986 Parenting the Elite Athlete (Armstrong, Hubert E., Jr., Ph.D. (February/March 1986) has gained traction as a classic sport parenting article in alpine ski racing.

She completed her World Cup career with 18 top ten finishes: 7 in downhill, three in Super-G, five in giant slalom, and three in combined.[20]

World Cup results

[edit]

Season standings

[edit]
Season Age Overall Slalom Giant
Slalom		 Super G Downhill Combined
1983 19 33 — 26 not
awarded
(w/ GS)		 19 20
1984 20 24 — 12 37 15
1985 21 20 — 16 23 19
1986 22 35 — — 20 21 17
1987 23 22 — 18 20 12 —
1988 24 94 — 32 — — —

Top ten finishes

[edit]
  • 0 wins, 1 podium (SG), 18 top tens (7 DH, 3 SG, 5 GS, 3K)
Season Date Location Race Place
1983 15 Dec 1982 Italy San Sicario, Italy Downhill 7th
29 Jan 1983  Switzerland  Les Diablerets, Switzerland Downhill 5th
1984 8 Jan 1984 France Puy St. Vincent, France Super-G 3rd
29 Jan 1984 France St. Gervais, France Combined 6th
29 Jan 1984 Giant slalom 5th
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1984 Winter Olympics
21 Mar 1984 West Germany Zwiesel, West Germany Giant slalom 9th
1985 15 Dec 1984 Italy Madonna di Campiglio, Italy Giant slalom 5th
17 Dec 1984 Italy Santa Caterina, Italy Giant slalom 4th
9 Jan 1985 Combined 8th
Italy 1985 World Championships
9 Mar 1985 Canada Banff, AB, Canada Downhill 8th
10 Mar 1985 Super G 7th
17 Mar 1985 United States Waterville Valley, NH, USA Giant slalom 10th
1986 7 Dec 1985 Italy Sestriere, Italy Super G 4th
12 Dec 1985 France Val d'Isère, France Downhill 5th
13 Dec 1985 Downhill 7th
6 Jan 1986 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Maribor, Yugoslavia Combined 6th
1987 12 Dec 1986 France Val d'Isère, France Downhill 6th
13 Dec 1986 Downhill 4th
Switzerland 1987 World Championships

World championship results

[edit]
  Year    Age   Slalom   Giant 
 Slalom 		 Super-G Downhill Combined
1985 21 — 4 — 23 DNF SL1
1987 23 — 17 6 13 —

Olympic results

[edit]
  Year    Age   Slalom   Giant 
 Slalom 		 Super-G Downhill Combined
1984 20 — 1 — 21 —
1988 24 — 13 18 — —

Post-racing

[edit]

After her retirement from competitive skiing following the 1988 World Cup season, Armstrong has led various humanitarian causes, including the Debbie Armstrong Say No to Alcohol and Drugs campaign; the SKIFORALL Foundation, which opens skiing events to the disabled; and Global ReLeaf Sarajevo, which seeks to reforest Sarajevo after the Bosnian war. Armstrong moved to Albuquerque, NM and attended University of New Mexico and earned an undergraduate degree (Bachelor of Science) in History.

Armstrong served as the Ski Ambassador at Taos Ski Valley for eight seasons. Simultaneously, she served a four-year term on the Professional Ski Instructors of America (PSIA) Alpine Demo Team[21] which marked the first time a former US Ski Team athlete qualified for the Demo Team.

The PSIA Demo Team (now known as the PSIA-AASI Alpine Team) is made up of the top ski instructors in the nation. These professionals are "some of the best skiers and riders in the game and they are inspirational educators and lifelong learners. Every four years, thirty men and women are chosen to represent the association following a rigorous selection process. Team members are responsible for promoting, supporting, and assisting with the development of PSIA-AASI education materials, programs, and activities at all levels. They set the standard for U.S. snowsports instruction and embody the ski and snowboard experience."[22]

In 2007, Armstrong moved to Steamboat Springs, Colorado where she served one year as Technical Director for the Steamboat Ski Resort (Armstrong 2008, p. 36). In 2008, she became the Alpine Director at the Steamboat Springs Winter Sports Club,[23] a world-renowned ski club located in Steamboat Springs, Colorado, a position she held for six years. Beginning with the 2014 season, Armstrong transitioned to the U10 Head Coach position and Coach Trainer at the Sports Club.

Currently, Armstrong is specializing in the training and development of young skiers (U8-U12)[24] and serves on numerous US Ski and Snowboard Task Forces for Education, Athlete Development and Gender Topics. Armstrong produces specialized training videos for coaches and athletes.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Armstrong Jr., Ph.D., Hubert E.(February/March, 1986). "Parenting the Elite Athlete", Puget Soundings, p6.
  • Armstrong, Deb (September, 1987). "The importance of being an all-around athlete [Athlete Point of View]", American Ski Coach, v11, n1, p38.
  • Armstrong, Deb (Fall, 2001). "IMSIA mountain rendezvous 2001: a success of olympic proportions", the professional skier, p44.
  • Armstrong, Deb (Winter, 2003). "Turning to tipping and back again: a process of rediscovery", the professional skier, p8.
  • Armstrong, Deb (Spring, 2004). "To vary your turn radius, improve your range of lateral motion", the professional skier, p28.
  • Armstrong, Deb (Winter, 2005). "Avoid the rainbow rut with new turn tactis", the professional skier, p34.
  • Armstrong, Deb (Spring, 2005). "Training for life", the professional skier, p16.
  • Armstrong, Deb (Fall, 2005). "My winter with Otto Lang", the professional skier, p28.
  • Armstrong, Deb (Winter, 2006). "US Ski Team shares its alpine tactics", the professional skier, p30.
  • Armstrong, Deb (Fall, 2006). "Where are you going? A look at directional movement", the professional skier, p26.
  • Armstrong, Deb (Spring, 2008). "It's hip to think hips, even if you're a fan of the ankles", the professional skier, p32.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Debbie Armstrong". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 2016-12-04.
  2. ^ "Olympic Winter Games Sarajevo (JUG)".
  3. ^ Yake, D. Byron (February 14, 1984). "Washington skier (not Mahre) wins gold". Spokesman-Review. (Spokane, Washington). Associated Press. p. C1.
  4. ^ "America cheers its first champion". Eugene Register-Guard. (Oregon). wire service reports. February 14, 1984. p. 1D.
  5. ^ "USA strikes gold in Winter Games". Nashua Telegraph. (New Hampshire). Associated Press. February 14, 1984. p. 19.
  6. ^ "Armstrong: Medal 'sinking in'". Spokesman-Review. (Spokane, Washington). Associated Press. February 24, 1984. p. 23.
  7. ^ "Debbie Armstrong - SPS Athletic Hall of Fame".
  8. ^ "Skiing". 5 March 2017. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  9. ^ "Hall of Fame Induction Set for Steamboat".
  10. ^ Summit at Snoqualmie Archived 2018-08-17 at the Wayback Machine - trail maps - accessed 2010-03-11
  11. ^ "Robert L. (Barney) McLean".
  12. ^ "ARMSTRONG Debbie - Athlete Information".
  13. ^ "Robert L. (Barney) McLean".
  14. ^ "ARMSTRONG Debbie - Athlete Information".
  15. ^ "ARMSTRONG Debbie - Athlete Information".
  16. ^ "ARMSTRONG Debbie - Athlete Information".
  17. ^ "ARMSTRONG Debbie - Athlete Information".
  18. ^ "Robert L. (Barney) McLean".
  19. ^ "ARMSTRONG Debbie - Athlete Information".
  20. ^ Ski-db.com - results - Debbie Armstrong - accessed 2012-01-06
  21. ^ "Robert L. (Barney) McLean".
  22. ^ "Teams".
  23. ^ "Armstrong moving to SSWSC". 6 June 2008.
  24. ^ "U10 & U10 Plus | Alpine Winter Programs | Steamboat Springs CO". Archived from the original on 2023-12-11. Retrieved 2018-03-19.
[edit]

Videos

[edit]
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