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{{Short description|Higher education institution in Rome and Jerusalem}}
{{Infobox institute
{{Infobox institute
| name = Pontifical Biblical Institute
| name = Pontifical Biblical Institute
| image = PIBiblicum.jpg
| image =
| image_upright =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| alt =
| caption =
| caption =
| latin_name = Pontificium Istitutum Biblicum
| latin_name = Pontificium Institutum Biblicum
| motto =
| motto =
| founder = Pope Pius X
| founder = [[Pope Pius X]]
| established = {{Start date and age|1909 }}
| established = {{Start date and age|1909 }}
| mission = Biblical and ancient Near Eastern Studies
| mission = Higher studies in Sacred Scripture
| focus = [[Catholic church|Catholic]], [[Jesuit]]
| focus = [[Catholic church|Catholic]], [[Jesuit]]
| president =
| president =
| ceo =
| ceo =
| chairman =
⚫
| head_label = Rector
| chairman =
| head = Peter Dubovský, S.J.
⚫
| head_label = Rector
| faculty =
| head = Michael Kolarcik, SJ
| faculty =
| adjunct_faculty =
| adjunct_faculty =
| staff =
| staff =
| key_people =
| key_people =
| budget =
| budget =
| endowment =
| endowment =
| debt =
| debt =
| num_members =
| num_members =
| subsidiaries =
| subsidiaries =
| owner =
| owner =
| non-profit_slogan =
| non-profit_slogan =
| former_name =
| former_name =
| location = Piazza della Pilotta<br> [[Rome]], [[Italy]]
| location = Piazza della Pilotta<br/> [[Rome]], [[Italy]]; <br/> Paul Emile Botta St. <br/> [[Jerusalem]], [[Israel]]
| city =
| city =
| state =
| state =
| province =
| province =
| country =
⚫
| coor = {{Coord|41.8988|N|12.4836|E|type:landmark|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| country =
| coor =
| address =
⚫
| website = {{URL|https://www.biblico.it/|biblico.it}}
| address =
⚫
| website = [http://www.biblico.it Biblicum]
| dissolved =
| remarks =
| footnotes =
}}
}}
[[File:Biblical Institute of Rome.JPG|right|thumb|260px|Biblical Institute, Rome]]
[[File:Biblical Institute of Rome.JPG|right|thumb|260px|Biblical Institute, Rome]]
[[File:המכון האפיפיורי למקרא 2.JPG|thumb|260px|right|Biblical Institute, Jerusalem]]
[[File:המכון האפיפיורי למקרא 2.JPG|thumb|260px|right|Biblical Institute, Jerusalem]]
The '''Pontifical Biblical Institute''' (also known as "'Biblicum'"), in [[Rome]], [[Italy]],<ref name=cath/> is an [[Pontifical universities in Rome#Pontifical Athenae and Institutes|institution]] of the [[Holy See]] that is run by the [[Jesuits]] and offers instruction at the university level. It was founded by [[Pope Pius X]] in the Apostolic Letter ''Vinea Electa'' in 1909 as a centre of advanced studies in [[Holy Scripture]] for the purpose of the effective promotion of [[Catholic]] doctrine and studies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://w2.vatican.va/content/pius-x/la/apost_letters/documents/hf_p-x_apl_19090507_vinea-electa.html|title=Biblicum from Vatican|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-10-09}}</ref>
The '''Pontifical Biblical Institute''' (also known as '''Biblicum''') is a research and postgraduate teaching institution specialised in biblical and ancient Near Eastern studies located in [[Rome]]. Founded in 1909 by [[Pope Pius X]], it is an [[Pontifical universities in Rome#Pontifical Athenae and Institutes|institution]] of the [[Holy See]] entrusted to the [[Society of Jesus]] (Jesuits). Since 1927, the Institute has had a branch in the city of [[Jerusalem]].

Along with the [[Pontifical Oriental Institute]], the Pontifical Biblical Institute was incorporated into the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]] under a single rector when the new statutes of the Gregorian took effect on 19 May 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vatican News |title=Jesuits complete merger of three Pontifical Universities into single entity |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/church/news/2024-03/pope-joins-three-jesuit-run-pontifical-universities-into-single.html |website=Vatican News |access-date=21 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | access-date = 20 March 2024 | url = https://www.acistampa.com/story/24653/gregoriana-pontificio-istituto-orientale-e-biblico-ora-sono-una-sola-cosa | publisher = ACI Stampa | date = 19 March 2024 | language = it | title = Gregoriana, Pontificio Istituto Orientale e Biblico ora sono una sola cosa | first = Andrea | last = Gagliarducci }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | access-date = 20 March 2024 | date = 19 March 2024 | url = https://www.ncregister.com/cna/pontifical-gregorian-university-announces-merger-with-biblical-eastern-institutes?amp | work = National Catholic Register | title = Pontifical Gregorian University Announces Merger With Biblical, Eastern Institutes | first = Daniel | last = Payne | agency = Catholic News Agency}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
At first, the institute prepared students for exams at the [[Pontifical Biblical Commission]]. In 1916, it was licensed by [[Pope Benedict XV]] to grant academic degrees in the name of the Commission, and in 1928, it was licensed by [[Pope Pius XI]] to grant doctorates in affiliation with the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]], independently of the Commission.<ref name=his/> In 1927, a branch was opened in [[Jerusalem]].<ref>[http://www.biblico.it/jerusalem.html House in Jerusalem]</ref> The [[Pontifical Oriental Institute]] established in 1917 by Pope Benedict XV was entrusted to the Jesuits in 1922 by Pope Pius XI. Since 1928, the Pontifical Gregorian University]], with its affiliates are together, known as the [[Gregorian Consortium]], owned by the [[Holy See]] and entrusted to the [[Society of Jesus]].<ref name="his">{{Cite web|url=http://www.biblico.it/history.html|title=History|website=www.biblico.it|access-date=2017-10-09}}</ref> The Biblicum publishes books and nine periodicals through the Gregorian & Biblical Press.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gbpress.net/|title=GBPress.net : Gregorian University and Pontifical Biblical Institute Printing and Publishing Services|website=www.gbpress.net|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-10-09}}</ref>
The Pontifical Biblical Institute, along with the [[Pontifical Biblical Institute Library]], was founded by [[Pope Pius X]] in the apostolic letter ''Vinea Electa'' in 1909 as a centre of advanced studies in [[Holy Scripture]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-x/la/apost_letters/documents/hf_p-x_apl_19090507_vinea-electa.html |title=Biblicum from Vatican |access-date=2017-10-09 |archive-date=2019-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128093703/http://www.vatican.va/content/pius-x/la/apost_letters/documents/hf_p-x_apl_19090507_vinea-electa.html |url-status=live }}</ref> At first, the Institute prepared students for exams at the [[Pontifical Biblical Commission]]. In 1916, it was licensed by [[Pope Benedict XV]] to grant academic degrees in the name of the commission. In 1928, it was licensed by [[Pope Pius XI]] to grant doctorates in affiliation with the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]], independently of the commission.<ref name="his">{{Cite web |url=http://www.biblico.it/history.html |title=History |website=www.biblico.it |access-date=2017-10-09 |archive-date=2019-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213123710/https://www.biblico.it/history.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

A branch was opened in [[Jerusalem]] by [[Alexis Mallon]] {{post-nominals|post-noms=[[Society of Jesus|SJ]]}} in 1927<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.biblico.it/jerusalem.html |title=House in Jerusalem |access-date=2016-02-03 |archive-date=2016-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119180756/http://www.biblico.it/jerusalem.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and received the mummy of [[Iret-hor-iru]] as a gift from Jesuits in Alexandria in 1928.<ref name=Zion>{{cite news |last=Zion |first=Ilan Ben|date=26 July 2016 |title=Israel’s only mummy gets afterlife spotlight at Israel Museum |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israels-only-mummy-gets-afterlife-spotlight-at-israel-museum/ |work=The Times of Israel  |access-date=23 December 2023}}</ref>

In 1932, the Oriental Faculty was founded.{{cn|date=August 2024}}


== Rectors ==
== Rectors ==
All of its rectors have been Jesuit priests. Cardinal Bea is particularly noteworthy for having defended the university against charges of [[Modernism (Roman Catholicism)|Modernism]] before the [[Second Vatican Council]].
All of its rectors have been Jesuit priests. Cardinal Bea is particularly noteworthy for having defended the university against charges of [[Modernism (Roman Catholicism)|Modernism]] before the [[Second Vatican Council]].
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
{{Columns-list|colwidth=20em|
* Leopold Fonck – 1909 to 1924
* Leopold Fonck (1909–1924)
* John J. O'Rourke - 1924 to 1930
* John J. O'Rourke (1924–1930)
* [[Augustin Bea]] – 1930 to 1949
* [[Augustin Bea]] (1930–1949)
* Ernest Vogt – 1949 to 1963
* Ernest Vogt (1949–1963)
* Roderick A. MacKenzie – 1963 to 1969
* Roderick A. MacKenzie (1963–1969)
* [[Carlo Maria Martini]] – 1969 to 1978
* [[Carlo Maria Martini]] (1969–1978)
* Maurice Gilbert – 1978 to 1984
* Maurice Gilbert (1978–1984)
* [[Albert Vanhoye]] – 1984 to 1990
* [[Albert Vanhoye]] (1984–1990)
* Klemens Stock – 1990 to 1996
* Klemens Stock (1990–1996)
* Robert F. O'Toole – 1996 to 2002
* Robert F. O'Toole (1996–2002)
* Stephen Pisano – 2002 to 2008
* Stephen Pisano (2002–2008)
* José-Maria Abrego de Lac – 2008 to 2014
* José María Abrego de Lacy (2008–2014)
* Michael Kolarcik – 2014 to ...<ref name=cath>[http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/organizations/s51.htm Catholic]</ref>
* Michael Kolarcik (2014–2023) <ref name=cath>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/organizations/s51.htm |title=Catholic |access-date=2016-02-03 |archive-date=2016-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318180314/http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/organizations/s51.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Peter Dubovský (since 2023)
}}
}}


==Alumni==
==Alumni==
Among the prominent alumni of the Biblicum, the following were elevated to the [[episcopate]] and/or the [[cardinalate]]:
Among the prominent alumni of the Biblicum, the following were elevated to the [[episcopate]] and/or the [[cardinalate]]:
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
{{Columns-list|colwidth=20em|
*Cardinal Archbishop [[Bernardus Johannes Alfrink]]
* Cardinal Archbishop [[Bernardus Johannes Alfrink]]
*Cardinal [[Carlos Aguiar Retes]]
* Cardinal [[Carlos Aguiar Retes]]
*Cardinal [[Augustin Bea]]
* Cardinal [[Augustin Bea]]
*Cardinal Archbishop [[Giuseppe Betori]]
* Cardinal Archbishop [[Giuseppe Betori]]
*Bishop [[Luc-André Bouchard]]
* Bishop [[Luc-André Bouchard]]
*Archbishop [[Rogelio Cabrera López]]
* Archbishop [[Rogelio Cabrera López]]
*Cardinal Patriarch [[Marco Cé]]
* Cardinal Patriarch [[Marco Cé]]
*Archbishop [[Mark Coleridge]]
* Archbishop [[Mark Coleridge]]
*Cardinal Archbishop [[Thomas Christopher Collins]]
* Cardinal Archbishop [[Thomas Christopher Collins]]
*Cardinal Archbishop [[Luis Concha Córdoba]]
* Cardinal Archbishop [[Luis Concha Córdoba]]
*Bishop [[Martin Drennan]]
* Bishop [[Martin Drennan]]
*Archbishop [[Cornelius Fontem Esua]]
* Archbishop [[Cornelius Fontem Esua]]
*Cardinal Archbishop [[Ermenegildo Florit]]
* Cardinal Archbishop [[Ermenegildo Florit]]
*Cardinal [[Prosper Grech]]
* Cardinal [[Prosper Grech]]
*Cardinal [[Benno Gut]]
* Cardinal [[Benno Gut]]
*Cardinal Archbishop [[Franz König]]
* Cardinal Archbishop [[Franz König]]
*Cardinal Archbishop [[Giacomo Lercaro]]
* Cardinal Archbishop [[Giacomo Lercaro]]
*Cardinal Bishop [[Achille Liénart]]
* Cardinal Bishop [[Achille Liénart]]
⚫
*Cardinal Archbishop [[Carlo Maria Martini]]
⚫
*Cardinal [[Jorge María Mejía]]
⚫
*Cardinal Archbishop [[Albert Gregory Meyer]]
⚫
*Archbishop [[Michael Neary (bishop)|Michael Neary]]
⚫
*Archbishop [[Cesare Nosiglia]]
*Archbishop [[Kieran O'Reilly (bishop)|Kieran O'Reilly]]
⚫
*Cardinal Archbishop [[Laurent Monsengwo Pasinya]]
⚫
*Cardinal Archbishop [[Fernando Quiroga y Palacios]]
⚫
*Cardinal Archbishop [[Malcolm Ranjith]]
* Bishop [[Devadass Ambrose Mariadoss]]
* Bishop [[Devadass Ambrose Mariadoss]]
*Cardinal [[Gianfranco Ravasi]]
* Cardinal Archbishop [[Carlo Maria Martini]]
⚫
* Cardinal [[Jorge María Mejía]]
⚫
*Cardinal Archbishop [[Rubén Salazar Gómez]]
⚫
* Cardinal Archbishop [[Albert Gregory Meyer]]
⚫
*Bishop [[Enrique San Pedro]]
*Cardinal Archbishop [[Adrianus Johannes Simonis]]
* Archbishop [[Michael Neary (bishop)|Michael Neary]]
⚫
* Archbishop [[Cesare Nosiglia]]
*Auxiliary Bishop [[Richard J. Sklba]]
⚫
* Cardinal Archbishop [[John Onaiyekan]]
⚫
*Bishop [[Jan Bernard Szlaga]]
⚫
* Archbishop [[Kieran O'Reilly (bishop)|Kieran O'Reilly]]
⚫
*Cardinal [[Gustavo Testa]]
⚫
* Cardinal Archbishop [[Laurent Monsengwo Pasinya]]
⚫
*Bishop [[Donald Walter Trautman]]
*Cardinal Archbishop [[Peter Turkson]]
* Cardinal Archbishop [[Fernando Quiroga y Palacios]]
*Cardinal [[Albert Vanhoye]]
* Cardinal Archbishop [[Malcolm Ranjith]]
* Cardinal [[Gianfranco Ravasi]]
⚫
*Archbishop [[John Francis Whealon]]
⚫
* Cardinal Archbishop [[Rubén Salazar Gómez]]
⚫
*Bishop [[Alexander M. Zaleski]]
*Bishop [[Joseph Vo Duc Minh]]
* Bishop [[Enrique San Pedro]]
* Archbishop [[Pietro Sfair]]
⚫
* Cardinal Archbishop [[Adrianus Johannes Simonis]]
⚫
* Bishop [[Richard J. Sklba]]
⚫
* Bishop [[Jan Bernard Szlaga]]
⚫
* Cardinal [[Gustavo Testa]]
⚫
* Bishop [[Donald Walter Trautman]]
⚫
* Cardinal Archbishop [[Peter Turkson]]
* Cardinal [[Albert Vanhoye]]
⚫
* Archbishop [[John Francis Whealon]]
⚫
* Bishop [[Alexander M. Zaleski]]
}}
}}


==See also==
==See also==
*[[École Biblique]]
* [[École Biblique]]
*[[Studium Biblicum Franciscanum]]
* [[Studium Biblicum Franciscanum]]
* [[List of Jesuit sites]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons}}
{{Commons}}
*[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_x/apost_letters/documents/hf_p-x_apl_19090507_vinea-electa_lt.html Apostolic Letter - ''Vinea Electa'', Pope Pius X, 7 May 1909, Vatican website] (Latin)
* [https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_x/apost_letters/documents/hf_p-x_apl_19090507_vinea-electa_lt.html Apostolic Letter - ''Vinea Electa'', Pope Pius X, 7 May 1909, Vatican website] (Latin)
{{Catholic Church and Bible}}

{{Pontifical universities in Rome|state=expanded}}
{{Pontifical universities in Rome}}
{{Jesuits}}
{{Jesuits}}
{{Authority control}}

⚫
{{coord|41.898785|N|12.483665|E|type:landmark|format=dms|display=title}}


[[Category:Pontifical Biblical Institute| ]]
[[Category:Pontifical Biblical Institute| ]]
⚫
[[Category:1909 establishments in Italy]]
[[Category:Biblical studies organizations]]
[[Category:Catholic universities and colleges in Italy]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1909]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1909]]
[[Category:Jesuit universities and colleges]]
[[Category:Jesuit universities and colleges]]
[[Category:Catholic universities and colleges in Italy]]
[[Category:Pontifical Gregorian University]]
[[Category:Properties of the Holy See]]
[[Category:Properties of the Holy See]]
[[Category:Pontifical Gregorian University]]
⚫
[[Category:1909 establishments in Italy]]

Latest revision as of 16:25, 30 November 2024

Pontifical Biblical Institute
Latin: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum
FounderPope Pius X
Established1909; 116 years ago (1909)
MissionBiblical and ancient Near Eastern Studies
FocusCatholic, Jesuit
RectorPeter Dubovský, S.J.
Location
Piazza della Pilotta
Rome, Italy;
Paul Emile Botta St.
Jerusalem, Israel
Coordinates41°53′56″N 12°29′01″E / 41.8988°N 12.4836°E / 41.8988; 12.4836
Websitebiblico.it
Biblical Institute, Rome
Biblical Institute, Jerusalem

The Pontifical Biblical Institute (also known as Biblicum) is a research and postgraduate teaching institution specialised in biblical and ancient Near Eastern studies located in Rome. Founded in 1909 by Pope Pius X, it is an institution of the Holy See entrusted to the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). Since 1927, the Institute has had a branch in the city of Jerusalem.

Along with the Pontifical Oriental Institute, the Pontifical Biblical Institute was incorporated into the Pontifical Gregorian University under a single rector when the new statutes of the Gregorian took effect on 19 May 2024.[1][2][3]

History

[edit]

The Pontifical Biblical Institute, along with the Pontifical Biblical Institute Library, was founded by Pope Pius X in the apostolic letter Vinea Electa in 1909 as a centre of advanced studies in Holy Scripture.[4] At first, the Institute prepared students for exams at the Pontifical Biblical Commission. In 1916, it was licensed by Pope Benedict XV to grant academic degrees in the name of the commission. In 1928, it was licensed by Pope Pius XI to grant doctorates in affiliation with the Pontifical Gregorian University, independently of the commission.[5]

A branch was opened in Jerusalem by Alexis Mallon SJ in 1927[6] and received the mummy of Iret-hor-iru as a gift from Jesuits in Alexandria in 1928.[7]

In 1932, the Oriental Faculty was founded.[citation needed]

Rectors

[edit]

All of its rectors have been Jesuit priests. Cardinal Bea is particularly noteworthy for having defended the university against charges of Modernism before the Second Vatican Council.

  • Leopold Fonck (1909–1924)
  • John J. O'Rourke (1924–1930)
  • Augustin Bea (1930–1949)
  • Ernest Vogt (1949–1963)
  • Roderick A. MacKenzie (1963–1969)
  • Carlo Maria Martini (1969–1978)
  • Maurice Gilbert (1978–1984)
  • Albert Vanhoye (1984–1990)
  • Klemens Stock (1990–1996)
  • Robert F. O'Toole (1996–2002)
  • Stephen Pisano (2002–2008)
  • José María Abrego de Lacy (2008–2014)
  • Michael Kolarcik (2014–2023) [8]
  • Peter Dubovský (since 2023)

Alumni

[edit]

Among the prominent alumni of the Biblicum, the following were elevated to the episcopate and/or the cardinalate:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Vatican News. "Jesuits complete merger of three Pontifical Universities into single entity". Vatican News. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  2. ^ Gagliarducci, Andrea (19 March 2024). "Gregoriana, Pontificio Istituto Orientale e Biblico ora sono una sola cosa" (in Italian). ACI Stampa. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  3. ^ Payne, Daniel (19 March 2024). "Pontifical Gregorian University Announces Merger With Biblical, Eastern Institutes". National Catholic Register. Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  4. ^ "Biblicum from Vatican". Archived from the original on 2019-11-28. Retrieved 2017-10-09.
  5. ^ "History". www.biblico.it. Archived from the original on 2019-02-13. Retrieved 2017-10-09.
  6. ^ "House in Jerusalem". Archived from the original on 2016-01-19. Retrieved 2016-02-03.
  7. ^ Zion, Ilan Ben (26 July 2016). "Israel's only mummy gets afterlife spotlight at Israel Museum". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
  8. ^ "Catholic". Archived from the original on 2016-03-18. Retrieved 2016-02-03.
[edit]
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