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{{short description|Son of Ravana in the epic Ramayana}} |
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{{refimprove|date=May 2017}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date= |
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}} |
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{{Use Indian English|date= |
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}} |
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox character |
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| name = Meghanada |
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| title = Indrajita<br>"The Conqueror of Indra" |
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| name = Indrajit |
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| image = Victory of Meghanada by RRV.jpg |
| image = Victory of Meghanada by RRV.jpg |
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| caption = |
| caption = A painting of Meghanada after his victory over Indra by Raja Ravi Varma |
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| info-hdr = Information |
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| other_names = Meghanada, Shakrajit, Ravani, Vasavajit, Varidanada, Ghananada |
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| father = [[Ravana]] |
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| mother = [[Mandodari]] |
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| spouse = [[Sulochana (Ramayana)|Sulochana]] |
| spouse = [[Sulochana (Ramayana)|Sulochana]] |
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| family = [[Ravana]] (father)<br>[[Mandodari]] (mother)<br> [[Atikaya]]<br>[[Akshayakumara|Akshaya Kumara]]<br> [[Narantaka]]<br> [[Devantaka]]<br> [[Trishira]] (brothers) |
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| children = |
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| aliases = Ravani<br>Shakrajita<br>Varidanada<br>Ghananada<br>Vasavajita |
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| siblings = {{ubl| [[Atikaya]] | [[Akshayakumara]] |[[Narantaka-Devantaka|Narantaka]] | [[Narantaka-Devantaka|Devantaka]] | [[Trishira]] | [[Prahasta]]}} |
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| home = [[Lanka]] |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Meghanada''' ({{Langx|sa|मेघनाद|lit=roar of the clouds}}, {{IAST3|Meghanāda}}), also referred to by his epithet '''Indrajita''' ({{lit|conqueror of [[Indra]]}})<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2019-01-28 |title=Story of Indrajit |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/compilation/puranic-encyclopaedia/d/doc241627.html |access-date=2022-09-10 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>''',''' according to [[Hindu texts]], was the eldest son of [[Ravana]] and the [[crown prince]] of [[Lanka]], who conquered [[Swarga|Indraloka]] ([[Heaven]]). He is regarded as one of the greatest warriors in [[Hindu]] texts. He is a major character mentioned in the Indian epic ''[[Ramayana]].'' Meghanada is the [[Protagonist|central character]] in [[Bengali poetry|Bengali epic poem]] ''[[Meghnad Badh Kavya]]''. He played an active role in the great war between [[Rama]] and [[Ravana]]. He acquired many kinds of celestial weapons from his Guru [[Shukra]]. His most prominent feat is having defeated the [[deva (Hinduism)|deva]]s in heaven.<ref name="CGU2000">{{cite book |author=C. G. Uragoda |title=Traditions of Sri Lanka: A Selection with a Scientific Background |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BOmAAAAAMAAJ |year=2000 |publisher=Vishva Lekha Publishers |isbn=978-955-96843-0-5}}</ref> Using the [[Brahmastra]], Indrajita killed 670 million [[vanara]]s<ref name="George2002" /> in a single day; nearly exterminating the entirety of the [[Vanara|vanara race]]. No warrior had ever achieved this statistical feat before in the [[Ramayana]].<ref name="CGU2000"/><ref name="George2002">{{cite book |author=George M. Eberhart |title=Mysterious Creatures: A Guide to Cryptozoology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z9gMsCUtCZUC&pg=PA388 |date=1 January 2002 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-57607-283-7 |page=388}}</ref><ref>9</ref> He is the only warrior in the entire [[Ramayana]] to defeat both [[Rama]] and [[Lakshmana]] twice while they were both armed by making them unconscious in a battle with the help of [[Astra (weapon)|astras]] and [[Magic (supernatural)|sorcery]] (once by using "Nagapashastra" and another time by using [[Brahmastra]]) and finally got killed by [[Lakshmana]].<ref name="The Ramayana">{{cite book |last1=DUTT |first1=MANMATHA NATH |title=The Ramayana |date=1894 |publisher=Elysium Press |location=CALCUTTA}}</ref> He was said to be more powerful and superior [[warrior]] than his father [[Ravana]] by [[Lord Brahma|Brahma]] and [[Agastya]].<ref name="The Ramayana"/> |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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Indrajita had the special ability to fight from the sky, hidden behind the clouds. That is why both Rama and Lakshmana were defeated during the battle and were tied up by the snake{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}}. In Sanskrit, the literal translation of the name "Indrajita" (इन्द्रजित) is mentioned as the "Conqueror of [[Indra]]. He defeated [[Indra]], the king of the [[Deva (Hinduism)|devas]], after which he came to be known as "Indrajita" (the conqueror of Indra).<ref name="sacred-texts.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rama/|title = The Ramayana index}}</ref> He is also known as Shakrajit, Ravani, Vasavajit, Varidanada, and Ghananada. |
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==Early life== |
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[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Wajangfiguur van perkament voorstellende Indrajit TMnr 8-302.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Wayang]] Figure Of |
[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Wajangfiguur van perkament voorstellende Indrajit TMnr 8-302.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Wayang]] Figure Of Indrajita.]] |
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Indrajita was the eldest son of [[Ravana]] and his wife [[Mandodari]]. He was named Meghanada after his birth because his birth cry sounded like thunder.<ref name="Meghnads horoscope">{{cite news | url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/JM-a-furious-fight-between-raavan-and-lord-shani-killed-raavans-son-meghnad-4636058-PHO.html?seq=2 | title=Ravana and Shani fight over the horoscope of Meghanath | access-date=December 2, 2015}}</ref> However, [[Shani]] (Saturn) had disobeyed Ravana's orders and had settled in the 12th house of Meghanada's horoscope. Ravana became furious at this and blamed Shani. Due to the state of Shani, Meghanada had to die at the hands of Lakshmana in the war between Prince [[Rama]] and [[Ravana]]. |
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Meghanada was also an expert in magical warfare, sorcery and tantra. His wife is not mentioned in the original epic; however in later versions of the epic, [[Sulochana (Ramayana)|Sulochana]]—the daughter of the King of the serpents [[Shesha Naga]]—is mentioned as his wife.<ref>Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An alphabetical guide</ref> |
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==Brahma's boon== |
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During the battle between the |
During the battle between the devas and Ravana, Indra, king of heavens accompanied by all other devas captured [[Ravana]]. To rescue his father, Meghanada grabbed Indra and held him by the waist. He dragged Indra to his celestial chariot and held him tightly around the waist. He brought Indra as a prisoner to the palace in Lanka. Meghanada kept Indra locked in his residence for years and tortured him physically and mentally. Ravana and Meghanada decided to kill Indra. At this juncture, [[Brahma]] intervened and asked Meghanada to free Indra. Meghanada obliged and was granted a chance to ask for a boon from Brahma. Meghanada asked for immortality, but Brahma remarked that absolute immortality is against the law of the nature. Instead, he was then granted another boon that after the completion of the [[Yagna]] (fire-worship) of his native goddess [[Prathyangira]] or the "Nikumbhila yagna" would be completed, he will get a celestial chariot, mounting on which, any enemy can't kill him in a war and become invulnerable. But Brahma also cautioned him that whosoever would destroy this yagna, would also kill him. Brahma was highly impressed by Meghanada's valor in this war and it was Brahma who coined him the name Indrajita ("the conqueror of Indra"). It is also believed that Meghanada was granted another boon by Brahma in which it was promised to him that he would only be killed by a common man who hadn't slept for 14 years continuously.<ref name="Ramayana">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Wzg6wFJ5xwC | title=Ramayana | publisher=University of California Press | author=B. A van Nooten William | year=2000 | isbn=978-0-520-22703-3}}</ref> |
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==Role in battle== |
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==Astra's (Celestial missiles) of Indrajit== |
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Meghanada was the greatest warrior on [[Ravana]]'s side. He was a great archer and unsurpassed grand master in illusion warfare techniques. |
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Indrajit was trained under the guidance of [[Shukra]] and obtained all kinds of divine weapons of man, [[Deva (Hinduism)|Devas]], [[Asura]]'s and [[Trimurti]]'s. The weaponry is categorized mainly into two types. One is Shastra, a handheld weapon like sword, lance or mace. The other is [[Astra (weapon)|astra]], a projectile missile invoked by reciting hymns. |
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==Shastra's (Celestial weapons) of Indrajit== |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|+ Shastra's |
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!Shastra!!Effect |
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| Kaal Disc|| Time disc, Renders a piteous state of the enemy, full with magical powers, ending in air and water filled, ends in craters with fire, generates fire |
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| Vishnu Disc || It first sparkles with cosmic holes, contains high degree radiance, revolves with one lakh revolutions per foot, very panicking is its projection |
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| Indra Disc || Disc of King of Gods |
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| Danda Disc || Punisher Disc |
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| Dharma Disc || Virtue Disc |
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| Modaki Mace || The Beater mace |
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| Shikhari Mace || The tower of Protection mace |
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| Dharma Paasha || The noose of Dharma |
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| Kaala Paasha || The noose of Time |
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| Naga Pasha||Noose of The [[Nāga|Nagas]], Upon impact this weapon would bind the target in coils of living venomous snakes. |
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|Varuna paasha|| Noose of [[Varuna]], god of water. Can hook any beings be Deva, Asura or Human. Impossible to escape from the hook of this weapon |
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|Yama Paasha|| Noose of [[Yama]], god of death. Arrest, pluck out life force of any living being. Except [[Trimurti]]'s, no being can escape from this weapon |
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|Samvarta|| Weapon belonging to Yama. Used by Emperor Bharata to annihilate thirty million gandharvas in a moment, tearing them to pieces. |
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| [[Vajra]]|| Weapon of Lord Indra, King of [[Deva (Hinduism)|Deva]]s. Infalliable and Invincible. |
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|Vasavi Shakti|| Magical dart of [[Indra]] and King of Devas, Infallible and Invincible. |
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| Kankaalam || The deadly Pounder weapons that are wielded by demons |
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| Impellers|| Presided over by the power of Vishnu |
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| Impellers||Presided over by the power of Rudra |
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| Kapaalam || Weapons that are wielded by demons, Rod for the elimination of those very demons |
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| Kankanam || Weapons that are wielded by demons, Rod for the elimination of those very demons. |
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|[[Chandrahas]] || Sword of Lord Shiva, the Destroyer. The divine sword Chandrahas (literally 'the laughter of the moon' but referring to the shape formed by a crescent moon which resembles a smile) was given to Raavan by Lord Shiva when pleased with his intense devotion. Ravana gave this sword to Indrajit in different occasions especially to fight against Devas. Invincible, Infalliable against any weapons and victory is assured. |
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|[[Trishula]] || The Trident of Lord [[Shiva]], the Destroyer. Infallible and cannot be stopped by anyone. Said to be the most powerful weapon without any parallel. |
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| [[Pinaka (Hinduism)|Pinaka]] || The celestial bow of Lord [[Shiva]], the Destroyer. The bow is actually Ashta Nagas coiled in the shape of a bow. The eight angry terrific snakes form the body and string of the bow. Terrific in appearance and extremely heavy. The angry Ashta Nagas hisses and produce terrific sounds causing the entire universe to tremble in fear. The arrows from the bow is lightning fast. Indestructable. |
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==Offensive astra's of Indrajit were== |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|+ Astra's |
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!Astra!!Effect |
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| Aishiika Astra || Grass-Blade missile, aisiika missile is dried blade of grass, which by invoking with hymns will become a projectile weapon |
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| Shushka Astra || The Drier astra |
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| Aardra Astra || The Drencher astra |
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| Krouncha Astra || The Wrestler astra |
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| Mohana Astra || The Stupefier astra of Gandharvas |
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| Prashamana Astra || The Pacifier of enemy's anger, astra of Gandharvas |
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| Maanava Astra || The Humane astra of Gandharvas |
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| Varshana Astra || The Rainer astra |
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| Shoshana Astra || The Drainer astra |
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| Santaapana Astra || The Humidifier astra |
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| Vilaapana Astra || The Weep inducer astra |
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| Mohana Astra || The Intoxicator, an unassailable intoxicator and a dear astra of Manmatha |
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| Sammohanastra|| Astra of Gandarvas, would cause entire hosts, armies to collapse in a trance. |
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| Prasvapana|| Astra of Gandarvas, the inducer of sleep |
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| Sabdavedastra|| Astra of Gandharvas, This weapon is used to hunt down invisible enemies |
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| Paishaca Astra || The Monster missile, astras of pishaacas, monsters |
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| Nalika Astra || Astra of Asuras, Very short, quick astras designed for mass killing and penetrating hard armours. Sages had prohibited the use of Nalika astras in wars. It was declared unfair and immoral to use these arrows in war because it is extremely difficult to counter, gives unfair advantage in a fair fight, similar to present day bullets. Also used to pierce extremely small targets. |
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| Teja Prabha Astra || Solar missile the sequestrator of others' brilliance |
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| Shishira Astra|| The Cooler, the missile of Moon-god |
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| Sudaamana Astra || A very deadly astra of Tvasta |
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| Shitaisu Astra || Dangerous Astra of Bhaga |
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| Samvarta Astra, Mausala Astra, Satya Astra, Maaya Astra || Indomitable Astras |
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| Vaidyadhara Astra, Taamasa Astra, Saumana Astra || Indomitable Astras |
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| Naga-astra||Astra of the [[Nāga|Nagas]], The weapon would have an unerring aim and take on the form of a snake, proving deadly upon impact. |
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| Garudastra||Astra of [[Garuda]], The eagle weapon to counter against the Nagastra. |
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|Twashtar Astra|| Astra of [[Twashtri]], the heavenly builder, When used against a group of opponents (such as an army), would cause them to mistake each other for enemies and fight each other. |
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|Manavastra|| Astra of [[Manu (Hinduism)]], father of the human race, Could overcome supernatural protections and carry the target hundreds of miles away. Can inspire humane traits in an evil being. |
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|Parvataastra|| Would cause a Parvata/mountain to fall on the target from the skies. |
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|Bhaumastra|| Astra of [[Bhūmi|Bhumi]], goddess of earth, The weapon could create tunnels deep into the earth. |
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|Agneyastra|| Astra of [[Agni]], god of fire, the weapon discharged would emit flames inextinguishable through normal means. |
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|Varunastra||Astra of [[Varuna]], god of water, the weapon discharged would release torrential volumes of water. This weapon is commonly mentioned as used to counter the Agneyastra. |
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|Vayvayastra||Astra of [[Vayu]], god of wind, Bring about a gale capable of lifting armies off the ground. |
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|Suryastra||Astra of [[Surya]], the solar deity and the father of Karna, Creates a dazzling light that would dispel any darkness about/dry up water bodies/ can produce blinding light. |
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|Indraastra||Astra of [[Indra]] god of weather and King of Devas, would bring about a 'shower' of arrows from the sky. |
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|Mohini Astra|| Astra of [[Mohini]], an [[Avatar]] of [[Vishnu]], Dispel any form of [[maya (illusion)|maya]] or sorcery in the vicinity. |
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|Hayagriva Astra || The Astra of the Horse-head avatar of Vishnu |
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|Ravaana Astra || The Astra of almighty Ravana, the father of Meghnada. Brings out the strength and 10000 year [[tapas]] energy of mighty Ravana into the battle field as destructive power. No weapons, astras of Devas, Asuras or Humans can counter this astra. Completely infalliable and invincible. No counter until [[Rama]], the 7th avatar of Lord Vishnu invented Kodandaram astra to neutralise this weapon. |
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|Rudra Astra || Astra of Rudra, a form of Lord Shiva, Contains the power of a [[Rudra]]. When it is used, it invokes the power of a [[Rudra]] out of the Ekadasha (Eleven) Rudras and destroys the target. The mantra for the Siva kavach (armour) can be weakened by the Rudra astra |
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|Maheshwarastra || Astra of Lord Maheshwara, a form of Lord Shiva, Contains the power of [[Shiva]]'s third eye. Shoots a really fast fiery beam which can turn even celestial beings to complete ashes. Infallible and unstoppable. It has the power to turn the entire creation to ashes |
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|Shiva Astra || The Astra of Lord [[Shiva]], the Destroyer. |
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|[[Brahmastra]] || Astra of Lord [[Brahma]], the Creator, Capable of killing [[Deva (Hinduism)|devas]], would destroy entire hosts at once. Could also counter most other astras. It is said that the weapon manifest with the single head of Lord Brahma as its tip. It is the only weapon capable of piercing the Brahma Kavach (invincible armour of Lord Brahma). Extremely powerful. Capable of destroying the any being except [[Trimurti]]'s in any realm. |
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|[[Narayanastra]] || Astra of Lord [[Vishnu]]. This is the personal weapon of Lord [[Vishnu]] in his Narayana form. This weapon had to be obtained from Vishnu directly. When invoked, Ekadasha (Eleven) Rudras appear in the sky to destroy the targets. Who ever tries to resist it will be destroyed. This astra lets loose a powerful tirade of millions of deadly missiles simultaneously. The intensity of the shower increases with resistance. Capable of killing [[Deva (Hinduism)|devas]], any beings, would destroy entire hosts at once. The only solution is total submission before the missile and the user, only then it cease. |
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|[[Brahmashirsha astra]]|| Astra of Lord [[Brahma]], the Creator, Capable of killing [[Deva (Hinduism)|devas]]. It is the evolution of the [[Brahmastra]], 4 times stronger than [[Brahmastra]]. It is said that the weapon manifest with the four head of Lord Brahma as its tip. Capable of destroying the entire world and any realm in a blink of an eye. |
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|Vaishnavastra|| Astra of Lord [[Vishnu]], The personal weapon of Vishnu. Once fired it cannot be thwarted by any means, save by the will of Vishnu himself and Lord [[Shiva]]. Only counter is Pashupatasra of Lord Shiva and Brahmanda Astra. This weapon is said to possess the power to destroy the entire solar systems or Brahmand, the 14 realms according to Hindu cosmology when used for offensive purpose. Highly prohibited to use against an inferior enemy. Capable of destroying the entire universe in a blink of an eye. |
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|[[Pashupatastra]]|| Astra of Lord [[Shiva]], the Destroyer. Would destroy any target completely, irrespective of target's nature. When released, the weapon summons several monsters and a huge spirit which personifies the weapon. Each time the weapon is summoned, its head is never the same. This weapon had to be obtained from Shiva directly. Capable of destroying the entire multiverse in a blink of an eye. Personal weapon of Adiparsakthi and Paramasiva. |
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|[[Brahmanda astra]] ||Astra of Lord [[Brahma]], the Creator, Capable of repelling the [[Brahmastra]] and any other weapons ever created. This weapon is said to possess the power to destroy the entire solar systems or Brahmand, the 14 realms according to Hindu cosmology when used for offensive purpose. Highly prohibited to use against an inferior enemy. Designed to neutralize Vaishnavastra of [[Vishnu]] and Pashupatastra of [[Shiva]]. In some texts it is called Brahma-dhanda astra, the weapon created by [[Saptarishi]]'s to counter any weapon ever created, even that of [[Trimurti]]'s. The rishi of this weapon is [[Para Brahman]]. It is said to be the most difficult astra to obtain. Capable of destroying entire multiverse in a blink of an eye. [[Vishvamitra]] used all kinds of divine weapons against sage [[Vashistha]], even [[Pashupatastra]], but the Brahma-dhanda astra of [[Vashistha]] neutralized and swallowed all [[astra (weapon)]] of Vishwamitra proving that Brahma-dhanda astra is the most powerful of all astra's.<ref name="Bala Khanda Sarga 56">{{cite web | url=http://www.indiadivine.org/content/topic/1093926-bala-kanda-sarga-56/ | title=Brahmadhanda astra | accessdate=May 19, 2016}}</ref> |
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==Defensive astra's or Upasamhaara astras, which can be used to neutralize enemy's astra's== |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|+ Defensive Astras or Upasamhaara Astras |
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!Upasamhaara Astras! |
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|Satyavanta, Satyakeerti, Dhristha, Rabhasa, Pratihaaratara, Paraanmuka, Avaanmukha, Lakshya, Alakshya, Dhridhanaabha, Sunaabha, Dashaaksha, Shatavaktra, Dashasheersha, Shatodara, Padmanaabha, Mahaanaabha, Dundunaabha, Svanaabha, Jyotisha, Shakuna, Nairaashya, Vimala, Yungandhara, Vinidra, Daitya, Pramadhana, Suchibaahu, Mahaabaahu, Nishkali, Virucha, Saarchirmaali, Dhritimaali, Vrittiman, Ruchira, Pitrya, Ssaumansa, Vidhoota, Makara, Karaveerakara, Dhana, Dhaanya, Kaamaroopa, Kaamaruchira, Moha, Aavarana, Jrimbhaka, Sarvanaabha, Varana.|| |
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Offensive astras and their Defensive astras or Upasamhaara Astras that can be used for both offensive and defensive purposes are.<ref>{{cite book | title=Puranic Encyclopedia | publisher=Motilal Banarsidass | author=Mani, Vettam. | year= | location=New Delhi}}</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|+ Astras and their Upasamhaara Astras |
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!Astra!! Upasamhaara Astras |
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|Andhatamisr Astra || Mahatarany Astra |
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|Pakhand Astra ||Gayatry Astra |
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|Andh Astra || Chakshushmat Astra |
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|Shaktinash Astra || Vishvavasumah Astra |
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|Antak Astra|| Mriityunjay Astra |
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|Sarvasmritinashan Astra || Sarvasmritidharan Astra |
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|Bhay Astra|| Abhayankaraaindr Astra |
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|Maharog Astra || namatray Astra |
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|Ayurnash Astra || Kalasamkarshan Astra |
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|Mahasur Astra || Muladurg Astra |
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|Muk Astra || mahavagvadiny astra |
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|Vedataskar Astra || Mahamatsy Astra |
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|Arnav Astra || Adikurm Astra |
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|Hiranyaksh Astra ||Mahavarah Astra |
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|Hiranyakashipvastra || Ugranrisimh Astra |
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|Balindr Astra || Vaman Astra |
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|Haihay Astra ||Bhargav Astra |
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|Dvivid Astra || Haladhar Astra |
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|Rajasur Astra || Vasudev Astra |
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|Sankarshan Astra || Pradyumn Astra, AniruddhAstra |
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|Kalyastra || Kalkyastra |
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|-|Mahamoh Astra|| shambhav Astra |
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==Battle against Hanuman== |
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Rama sent Hanuman to know about Sita, who was held captive by Ravana in Lanka. Hanuman met Sita and passed the message of Rama to Sita. The other purpose of this mission was to spy on Lanka and its forces. On the way Hanuman encountered the troops of Ravana in Ashoka vatika, where Sita was kept. Hanuman fought with them and swiftly destroyed many soldiers. Hanuman even killed the vatika's guard Jambumali and Ravana's youngest son Akshayakumara (Indrajit's brother). Indrajit entered the battlefield. He used tantrik vidya as well as several astras on him. Though due to the boons by various gods, most celestial weapons of Indrajit had no effect on Hanuman. Indrajit then used Brahmastra and Hanuman swoon due to the immense power of this weapon. Indrajit then arrested Hanuman and presented him in front of his father King Ravana.<ref>http://www.valmikiramayan.net/yuddha_kanda_contents.html</ref> |
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==Battle Against Rama & Lakshmana== |
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Indrajit joined the battle when all his brothers had been killed by Rama and his army. His father, Ravana, had been humiliated in the battle by Rama and his paternal uncle [[Kumbhakarna]] had been killed by Rama. Indrajit fought with Rama's army for three days. |
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===First Day=== |
===First Day=== |
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[[File:Rama Lakshmana Nagapasha.jpg|thumb|250px|Rama & Lakshmana Bound By |
[[File:Rama Lakshmana Nagapasha.jpg|thumb|250px|Rama & Lakshmana Bound By Indrajita's Nagapasha]] |
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On the first day of his battle with Rama's army, |
On the first day of his battle with [[Rama]]'s army, Indrajita was fast with his weapons. Angada jumped onto Indrajit's chariot and destroyed it while killing his horses and charioteer and defeated Meghnada in battle.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.valmikiramayan.net/utf8/yuddha/sarga44/yuddha_44_frame.htm|title = Valmiki Ramayana - Yuddha Kanda - Sarga 44 }}</ref> Immediately, Indrajit became invisible and went into the clouds, from where he attacked and swiftly wiped out the armies of [[Sugriva]], calling on Rama and Lakshmana to come in a direct combat by his illusion tactics of sorcery, so he could avenge the deaths of his paternal uncle and his brothers. When Lakshmana appeared before him, he fought fiercely. Ram grievously wounded him using shabd-bhed arrows and Lakshman was about to kill him using Bramhastra but Ram resisted him from doing so citing that it's against the rules of warfare to attack an invisible opponent. Ram declared that he would end Meghnada once and for all and Meghnada predicting Ram's intentions, ran away from the battlefield. Meghnada used his most nefarious weapon ''Nagapasha'' (a trap made of a million snakes).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.valmikiramayan.net/utf8/yuddha/sarga45/yuddha_45_frame.htm|title = Valmiki Ramayana - Yuddha Kanda - Sarga 45 }}</ref> They were rescued by [[Garuda]] on behest of [[Hanuman]]. Garuda was the paternal uncle of [[Jatayu]] and [[Sampati]] and the enemy of the serpents and also the flying vehicle of [[Vishnu]], of whom Rama was the seventh avatar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.valmikiramayan.net/utf8/yuddha/sarga50/yuddha_50_frame.htm|title = Valmiki Ramayana - Yuddha Kanda - Sarga 50 }}</ref> |
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===Second Day=== |
===Second Day=== |
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{{unreferenced section|date=April 2020}} |
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When |
When Indrajita discovered that both Rama and Lakshmana had been rescued by Garuda and were still alive, he was livid and vowed to kill at least one of the brothers on that day. When the battle started, he used all his force to cast a havoc on the armies of Sugriva. At this Lakshmana appeared before him and fought him fiercely. Indrajita used his supreme magical powers, darting across the clouds and skies like a bolt of lightning. He combined his skills of sorcery and illusion warfare, repeatedly vanishing and reappearing behind Lakshmana's back. He was invisible but his arrows hit Lakshmana. Still he wasn't able to match Lord Lakshmana and found him unbeatable. Indrajita used the ''Pranghatini'' ''Sakthi'' against Lakshmana from his behind, and upon being impaled Lakshmana fell unconscious, poised to die precisely at the following sunrise. His life was saved by [[Hanuman]], who brought the whole mountain of Dronagiri from the [[Himalayas]] to [[Lanka]] overnight to find the remedy (the magical herb - ''Sanjivani'') for the weapon used by Indrajita and cured him. Although there is false speculation that Rama fought, too. Dharma does not allow multiple warriors to fight against one and it was only Lakshmana who was injured because it is against moral duty to fight against an invisible warrior. |
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===Third day=== |
===Third day=== |
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[[File:Vibhishana exhorts the monkeys to complete their victory over the rakshasas by slaying Indrajita and his forces.jpg|thumb|left|Vibhishana exhorts the monkeys to complete their victory over the rakshasas by slaying Indrajita and his forces]] |
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[[File:Lakshamana fights Indrajit.jpg|thumb|250px|Lakshmana Fights Indrajita]] |
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[[File:Lakshmana severs Indrajita's head with an arrow given to him by Indra.jpg|thumb|Lakshmana severs Indrajita's head with an arrow given to him by Indra]] |
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[[File:Lakshamana fights Indrajit.jpg|thumb|250px|Lakshamana Fights Indrajit]] |
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When Indrajita learned that Lakshmana had survived again, he went to his native deity's secret temple to perform the yagna that would make him a warrior who can't be killed by anyone. [[Vibhishana]], Indrajita's paternal uncle who left Ravana to join Rama, learned of his nephew Indrajita's plans through his spies and alerted Rama. Lakshmana and Vibhisana took the opportunity to face Indrajita in the Yagnaagar. As the [[Valmiki]] [[Ramayana]] quotes, upon his [[Yagna]] being destroyed by the armies of Lakshmana and his treacherous plan failed, Indrajita became enraged and stormed out of the Temple Cave. |
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[[File:Killing of Indrajit Painting by Balasaheb Pant Pratinidhi.jpg|thumb|250px|Killing Of Indrajit Painting By Balasaheb Pant Pratinidhi]] |
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Seeing his uncle Vibhishana at Lakshmana's side multiplied Indrajita's fury manyfold. He vowed to kill his uncle Vibhisana along with Lakshmana once and for all, letting loose the Yama-astra which he had been conserving for punishing Vibhishana's perceived treason. At this juncture, Lakshmana protected Vibhishana, countering the Yama-astra owing to an earlier warning by [[Kubera]]. He fought with Lord Lakshmana but was badly overpowered and wounded by him. Sensing his death, he released the ultimate weapons of the divine [[Trimurti|Trinity]] ( the [[Brahmastra|Bramhastra]] of Lord [[Brahma|Bramha]], the [[Vaishnavastra]] of Lord [[Narayana]], and the [[Pashupatastra]] of Lord [[Shiva]]). But to his surprise, all these weapons came back after saluting Lord Lakshmana. Indrajit realised that Lakshmana was not an ordinary human and had met the criteria to defeat Indrajita, i.e. blunder the yagna and not sleep for more than 14 years. Indrajita vanished briefly from the battlefield, returning to Ravana at the royal palace, and reported the developments, proposing that his father make peace with Rama as it's impossible to win over divine incarnations, Lord Shree Rama and Lord Lakshmana. Ravana, blinded with pride, was unrelenting and annoyed, claiming that Indrajita was a coward for having fled the battlefield. This accusation provoked Indrajita who briefly lost his temper, striking fear even at the mighty Ravana's heart before apologizing and clarifying to his father that his primary duty as a son was to serve his father's best interests and that even in the face of death, he would never abandon Ravana. Preparing to return to the battle and knowing that he indeed faced death at the hands of a heavenly incarnation, Indrajita said his last goodbyes to his parents and his wife. He returned to the battlefield and fought Lakshmana with all his skill at both illusion warfare and sorcery. The arrows of Indrajita refused to harm Lakshmana because Lakshmana was the incarnation of [[Sesha Naga|Shesha]]. Lakshmana slew Indrajita by beheading him with the [[Anjalikastra]]. It was possible only because of a curse given to Indrajita by [[Sesha Naga|Shesha]] for marrying his daughter without his permission. [[Sesha Naga|Shesha]] incarnated as Rama's brother Lakshmana, to kill Indrajita, didn't have any sleep for more than fourteen years during their exile so that he would be able to serve Rama and Sita efficiently and meet the criteria to kill Indrajita.<ref name="sacred-texts.com"/> |
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== In popular culture == |
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When Indrajit came to know that Lakshmana had survived again, he went to his native deity's secret temple to perform the yagna that would make him invincible. [[Vibhishana]], Indrajit's paternal uncle who left Ravana to join Rama, learned of his nephew Indrajit's plans through his spies and alerted Rama. Lakshmana and Vibhisana took the opportunity to face Indrajit in the "Yagnaagaar", where Indrajit would not touch any weapons. As the [[Valmiki]] [[Ramayana]] quotes, upon his [[Yagna]] being destroyed by the armies of Lakshmana, Indrajit became enraged and stormed out of the Temple Cave. Indrajit fought Lakshmana with the utensils of the yagna.<ref>http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rama/</ref> |
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* In the Tamil movie, '''Seetha Jananam or Vedavathi'' (1941), M.G. Ramachandran, played the Indrajita character. |
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* ''Meghnada'' or Indrajita is the [[Protagonist|central character]] in [[Michael Madhusudan Dutt]]'s [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[Bengali poetry|epic poem]], ''[[Meghnad Badh Kavya]] (''[[English language|English]]: ''The Slaying of Meghnada).'' |
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Seeing his uncle Vibhishana at Lakshmana's side multiplied Indrajit's fury manyfold. He vowed to kill his uncle Vibhisana along with Lakshmana once and for all, letting loose the Yama-astra which he had been conserving for punishing Vibhishana's perceived treason. At this juncture, Lakshmana protected Vibhishana, countering the Yama-astra owing to an earlier warning by [[Kubera]]. A fierce battle ensued and Indrajit resorted to using the three Supreme Weapons ([[Brahmanda astra]], [[Pashupatastra]] and [[Vaishnavastra]]) on Lakshmana. To Indrajit's surprise and dismay, each of the three weapons refused to touch Lakshmana, with the Vaishnavastra circumambulating Lakshmana before disappearing. Realization dawned on Indrajit that Lakshmana had met the criteria to defeat Indrajit, i.e. blunder the yagna and not sleep for 13 years. Indrajit vanished briefly from the battlefield, returning to Ravana at the royal palace and reported the developments, proposing that his father make peace with Rama. Ravana blinded with pride was unrelenting and annoyed, claiming that Indrajit was a coward for having fled the battlefield. This accusation provoked Indrajit who briefly lost his temper, striking fear even at the mighty Ravana's heart before apologizing and clarifying to his father that his primary duty as a son was to serve his father's best interests and that even in the face of death, he would never abandon Ravana. Preparing to go back to the battle and knowing that he indeed faced death at the hands of a heavenly incarnation, Indrajit said his last goodbyes to his parents and his wife. He returned to the battlefield and fought Lakshmana with all his skill at both warfare and sorcery. Lakshmana slew Indrajit by beheading him with the Indrastra. It was possible only because Rama's brother Lakshmana, who was an incarnation of [[Sesha Naga]] didn't have any sleep or food for twelve years during their exile so that he would be able to serve Rama and Sita efficiently.{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}} Upon his death his wife Sulochana became [[Sati (practice)|Sati]] on his funeral pyre. <ref>http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rama/</ref> |
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* [[Vijay Arora]] portrayed the role of Indrajita in the legendary tv series [[Ramayan (1987 TV series)]]. |
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* Indrajita was played by Praphulla Pandey in the 2008 series [[Ramayan (2008 TV series)|Ramayan (TV series)]]. |
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== Abilities == |
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* [[Vatsal Sheth]] played the character of Indrajita in the 2023 Bollywood movie [[Adipurush]]. |
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Indrajit is said to be the most skilled warrior even surpassing [[Rama]], the avatar of [[Vishnu]]. Indrajit with the help of [[Shukracharya]] acquired weapons from Lord Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva, including the boon that he would remain immortal as long as he fought from the divine chariot which rose each time he performed sacrifices to Brahma at Nikumbhila. |
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* Meghnada was played by [[Rushiraj Pawar]] in the ''[[Shrimad Ramayan]]'' in the 2024. |
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* John Monu portrayed him in the 2024 Hindi film ''[[Singham Again]]''. |
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He was said to be so skilled in archery that he could slay multiple opponents with one arrow shot from his bow. Indrajit was also capable of spreading darkness and ignorance among enemies, which greatly empowered the might of the [[Rakshasas]]. He even defeated Indra and all Devas and captured all of them. Indrajit was well versed in using divine weapons and shot serpents in the form of arrows at Rama and Lakshmana. On the second battle at Lanka, Indrajit infused the power of the Brahmashira astra into his chariot, bow and arrows and slew six hundred and seventy million Vanaras in one day. Indrajit was capable of producing a false version of Sita and killing her in front of Vanaras, demoralizing them. |
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Lakshmana had to employ deceit to kill Indrajit. Lakshman started the fight with Indrajit before sunrise, which was considered to be prohibited at that era. Lakshmana with the help of [[Vibhishana]], the brother of [[Ravana]] by employing deceit disrupted the sacrifice of Indrajit at early morning. Lakshmana with the help of [[Vibhishana]], who had earlier betrayed his brother Ravana, ambushed Indrajit and finally killed him. |
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==In popular culture== |
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Meghnad is the central figure of Meghnad Badh Kavya, a Bengali ballad, which describes Meghnad as a caring husband, a devoted son of parents and friend of all people. [[Meghnad Badh Kavya]] is the most famous and most acclaimed poem by the poet [[Michael Madhusudan Dutta]]. It is based on the demise of Meghnad (Indrajit), son of [[Ravana]], the villain of the classic Sanskrit epic ''[[Ramayana]]''. |
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It was first published in 1861, incidentally the year of birth of the [[Bengali people|Bengali]] author, [[Rabindranath Tagore]], who afterwards wrote a review on it. The ballad is divided into 9 different ''sarga''s, i.e. parts.<ref name= bhattarchya>[http://www.iopb.res.in/~somen/Madhu/index.shtml Read the whole ballad in Bangla]</ref> Each part exhibits different incidents. Starting from the death of Beerbahu, a son of Ravana, it is continued till the [[sati-daha]] (the ancient [[India]]n custom of burning the widows alive with the dead husband) of [[Sulochana (Ramayana)|Prameela]], Meghnad's beloved wife.Since according to this ballad, Meghnad's wife is Prameela, it can be reasonably believed that Sulochana was also known as Prameela. |
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[[Ravana]], along with his sons, were the ones performing evil deeds in the ''[[Ramayana]]'', which was originally written in [[Sanskrit]] by the sage [[Valmiki]]. But Dutta claims to have found a tragic hero in Meghnad of [[Ramayana]], as he was conversant [[Western literature]]. He feels a shadow of [[Hector]] of [[Troy]] in [[Meghnad]] and [[Karna]] in [[Mahabharata]]. According to him, he realized why Ravana had perpetrated such crimes and Meghnad was slayed by [[Lakshmana]] brutally in an unfair fight. He says that Meghnad was worshiping [[Lord Shiva]] in the royal temple of [[Lanka]], while Lakshmana attacked him with some help from [[Vibhishana]] who is eventually an uncle of Meghnad. Meghnad asked not to fight with an unarmed person, rebuking Lakshmana as a coward; but Lakshmana did not heed him. This unfortunate hero twice endangered [[Rama]] but could not survive himself in this unfair battle. This is the central theme of this [[epic poetry|epic]]. Here Meghnad is shown to be a patriot, a loving husband, a caring son and a friend to his countrymen. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Valmiki]] |
* [[Valmiki]] |
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* [[Ramayan]] |
* [[Ramayan]]a |
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* [[Meghnad Bodh Kavya]] |
* [[Meghnad Bodh Kavya]] |
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* [[Radhakrishna]] |
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* [[Hindu mythological wars]] |
* [[Hindu mythological wars]] |
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* [[Patalkot, India]] |
* [[Patalkot, India]] |
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* [[Astra (weapon)]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{wikisource|Ramayana}} |
{{wikisource|Ramayana}} |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons category}} |
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090831210000/http://www.dharmathai.com/ramakian/2008/08/intarachit.html Intarachit in the Thai Ramakian (Ramayana)] |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090831210000/http://www.dharmathai.com/ramakian/2008/08/intarachit.html Intarachit in the Thai Ramakian (Ramayana)] |
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*The Slaying of Meghanada by Michael Madhusudan Datta (https://home.uchicago.edu/cbs2/Megha.html) |
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{{Ramayana}} |
{{Ramayana}} |
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[[Category:Rakshasa in the Ramayana]] |
[[Category:Rakshasa in the Ramayana]] |
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[[Category:Danavas]] |
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[[Category:Characters in the Ramayana]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:38, 7 January 2025
| Meghanada | |
|---|---|
 A painting of Meghanada after his victory over Indra by Raja Ravi Varma | |
| Information | |
| Aliases | Ravani Shakrajita Varidanada Ghananada Vasavajita |
| Title | Indrajita "The Conqueror of Indra" |
| Family | Ravana (father) Mandodari (mother) Atikaya Akshaya Kumara Narantaka Devantaka Trishira (brothers) |
| Spouse | Sulochana |
| Home | Lanka |
Meghanada (Sanskrit: मेघनाद, lit. 'roar of the clouds', IAST: Meghanāda), also referred to by his epithet Indrajita (lit. 'conqueror of Indra')[1], according to Hindu texts, was the eldest son of Ravana and the crown prince of Lanka, who conquered Indraloka (Heaven). He is regarded as one of the greatest warriors in Hindu texts. He is a major character mentioned in the Indian epic Ramayana. Meghanada is the central character in Bengali epic poem Meghnad Badh Kavya. He played an active role in the great war between Rama and Ravana. He acquired many kinds of celestial weapons from his Guru Shukra. His most prominent feat is having defeated the devas in heaven.[2] Using the Brahmastra, Indrajita killed 670 million vanaras[3] in a single day; nearly exterminating the entirety of the vanara race. No warrior had ever achieved this statistical feat before in the Ramayana.[2][3][4] He is the only warrior in the entire Ramayana to defeat both Rama and Lakshmana twice while they were both armed by making them unconscious in a battle with the help of astras and sorcery (once by using "Nagapashastra" and another time by using Brahmastra) and finally got killed by Lakshmana.[5] He was said to be more powerful and superior warrior than his father Ravana by Brahma and Agastya.[5]
Etymology
[edit]Indrajita had the special ability to fight from the sky, hidden behind the clouds. That is why both Rama and Lakshmana were defeated during the battle and were tied up by the snake[citation needed]. In Sanskrit, the literal translation of the name "Indrajita" (इन्द्रजित) is mentioned as the "Conqueror of Indra. He defeated Indra, the king of the devas, after which he came to be known as "Indrajita" (the conqueror of Indra).[6] He is also known as Shakrajit, Ravani, Vasavajit, Varidanada, and Ghananada.
Early life
[edit]
Indrajita was the eldest son of Ravana and his wife Mandodari. He was named Meghanada after his birth because his birth cry sounded like thunder.[7] However, Shani (Saturn) had disobeyed Ravana's orders and had settled in the 12th house of Meghanada's horoscope. Ravana became furious at this and blamed Shani. Due to the state of Shani, Meghanada had to die at the hands of Lakshmana in the war between Prince Rama and Ravana.
Meghanada was also an expert in magical warfare, sorcery and tantra. His wife is not mentioned in the original epic; however in later versions of the epic, Sulochana—the daughter of the King of the serpents Shesha Naga—is mentioned as his wife.[8]
Brahma's boon
[edit]During the battle between the devas and Ravana, Indra, king of heavens accompanied by all other devas captured Ravana. To rescue his father, Meghanada grabbed Indra and held him by the waist. He dragged Indra to his celestial chariot and held him tightly around the waist. He brought Indra as a prisoner to the palace in Lanka. Meghanada kept Indra locked in his residence for years and tortured him physically and mentally. Ravana and Meghanada decided to kill Indra. At this juncture, Brahma intervened and asked Meghanada to free Indra. Meghanada obliged and was granted a chance to ask for a boon from Brahma. Meghanada asked for immortality, but Brahma remarked that absolute immortality is against the law of the nature. Instead, he was then granted another boon that after the completion of the Yagna (fire-worship) of his native goddess Prathyangira or the "Nikumbhila yagna" would be completed, he will get a celestial chariot, mounting on which, any enemy can't kill him in a war and become invulnerable. But Brahma also cautioned him that whosoever would destroy this yagna, would also kill him. Brahma was highly impressed by Meghanada's valor in this war and it was Brahma who coined him the name Indrajita ("the conqueror of Indra"). It is also believed that Meghanada was granted another boon by Brahma in which it was promised to him that he would only be killed by a common man who hadn't slept for 14 years continuously.[9]
Role in battle
[edit]Meghanada was the greatest warrior on Ravana's side. He was a great archer and unsurpassed grand master in illusion warfare techniques.
First Day
[edit]
On the first day of his battle with Rama's army, Indrajita was fast with his weapons. Angada jumped onto Indrajit's chariot and destroyed it while killing his horses and charioteer and defeated Meghnada in battle.[10] Immediately, Indrajit became invisible and went into the clouds, from where he attacked and swiftly wiped out the armies of Sugriva, calling on Rama and Lakshmana to come in a direct combat by his illusion tactics of sorcery, so he could avenge the deaths of his paternal uncle and his brothers. When Lakshmana appeared before him, he fought fiercely. Ram grievously wounded him using shabd-bhed arrows and Lakshman was about to kill him using Bramhastra but Ram resisted him from doing so citing that it's against the rules of warfare to attack an invisible opponent. Ram declared that he would end Meghnada once and for all and Meghnada predicting Ram's intentions, ran away from the battlefield. Meghnada used his most nefarious weapon Nagapasha (a trap made of a million snakes).[11] They were rescued by Garuda on behest of Hanuman. Garuda was the paternal uncle of Jatayu and Sampati and the enemy of the serpents and also the flying vehicle of Vishnu, of whom Rama was the seventh avatar.[12]
Second Day
[edit] |
When Indrajita discovered that both Rama and Lakshmana had been rescued by Garuda and were still alive, he was livid and vowed to kill at least one of the brothers on that day. When the battle started, he used all his force to cast a havoc on the armies of Sugriva. At this Lakshmana appeared before him and fought him fiercely. Indrajita used his supreme magical powers, darting across the clouds and skies like a bolt of lightning. He combined his skills of sorcery and illusion warfare, repeatedly vanishing and reappearing behind Lakshmana's back. He was invisible but his arrows hit Lakshmana. Still he wasn't able to match Lord Lakshmana and found him unbeatable. Indrajita used the Pranghatini Sakthi against Lakshmana from his behind, and upon being impaled Lakshmana fell unconscious, poised to die precisely at the following sunrise. His life was saved by Hanuman, who brought the whole mountain of Dronagiri from the Himalayas to Lanka overnight to find the remedy (the magical herb - Sanjivani) for the weapon used by Indrajita and cured him. Although there is false speculation that Rama fought, too. Dharma does not allow multiple warriors to fight against one and it was only Lakshmana who was injured because it is against moral duty to fight against an invisible warrior.
Third day
[edit]
When Indrajita learned that Lakshmana had survived again, he went to his native deity's secret temple to perform the yagna that would make him a warrior who can't be killed by anyone. Vibhishana, Indrajita's paternal uncle who left Ravana to join Rama, learned of his nephew Indrajita's plans through his spies and alerted Rama. Lakshmana and Vibhisana took the opportunity to face Indrajita in the Yagnaagar. As the Valmiki Ramayana quotes, upon his Yagna being destroyed by the armies of Lakshmana and his treacherous plan failed, Indrajita became enraged and stormed out of the Temple Cave. Seeing his uncle Vibhishana at Lakshmana's side multiplied Indrajita's fury manyfold. He vowed to kill his uncle Vibhisana along with Lakshmana once and for all, letting loose the Yama-astra which he had been conserving for punishing Vibhishana's perceived treason. At this juncture, Lakshmana protected Vibhishana, countering the Yama-astra owing to an earlier warning by Kubera. He fought with Lord Lakshmana but was badly overpowered and wounded by him. Sensing his death, he released the ultimate weapons of the divine Trinity ( the Bramhastra of Lord Bramha, the Vaishnavastra of Lord Narayana, and the Pashupatastra of Lord Shiva). But to his surprise, all these weapons came back after saluting Lord Lakshmana. Indrajit realised that Lakshmana was not an ordinary human and had met the criteria to defeat Indrajita, i.e. blunder the yagna and not sleep for more than 14 years. Indrajita vanished briefly from the battlefield, returning to Ravana at the royal palace, and reported the developments, proposing that his father make peace with Rama as it's impossible to win over divine incarnations, Lord Shree Rama and Lord Lakshmana. Ravana, blinded with pride, was unrelenting and annoyed, claiming that Indrajita was a coward for having fled the battlefield. This accusation provoked Indrajita who briefly lost his temper, striking fear even at the mighty Ravana's heart before apologizing and clarifying to his father that his primary duty as a son was to serve his father's best interests and that even in the face of death, he would never abandon Ravana. Preparing to return to the battle and knowing that he indeed faced death at the hands of a heavenly incarnation, Indrajita said his last goodbyes to his parents and his wife. He returned to the battlefield and fought Lakshmana with all his skill at both illusion warfare and sorcery. The arrows of Indrajita refused to harm Lakshmana because Lakshmana was the incarnation of Shesha. Lakshmana slew Indrajita by beheading him with the Anjalikastra. It was possible only because of a curse given to Indrajita by Shesha for marrying his daughter without his permission. Shesha incarnated as Rama's brother Lakshmana, to kill Indrajita, didn't have any sleep for more than fourteen years during their exile so that he would be able to serve Rama and Sita efficiently and meet the criteria to kill Indrajita.[6]
In popular culture
[edit]- In the Tamil movie, 'Seetha Jananam or Vedavathi (1941), M.G. Ramachandran, played the Indrajita character.
- Meghnada or Indrajita is the central character in Michael Madhusudan Dutt's Bengali epic poem, Meghnad Badh Kavya (English: The Slaying of Meghnada).
- Vijay Arora portrayed the role of Indrajita in the legendary tv series Ramayan (1987 TV series).
- Indrajita was played by Praphulla Pandey in the 2008 series Ramayan (TV series).
- Vatsal Sheth played the character of Indrajita in the 2023 Bollywood movie Adipurush.
- Meghnada was played by Rushiraj Pawar in the Shrimad Ramayan in the 2024.
- John Monu portrayed him in the 2024 Hindi film Singham Again.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
- ^ www.wisdomlib.org (28 January 2019). "Story of Indrajit". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
- ^ a b C. G. Uragoda (2000). Traditions of Sri Lanka: A Selection with a Scientific Background. Vishva Lekha Publishers. ISBN 978-955-96843-0-5.
- ^ a b George M. Eberhart (1 January 2002). Mysterious Creatures: A Guide to Cryptozoology. ABC-CLIO. p. 388. ISBN 978-1-57607-283-7.
- ^ 9
- ^ a b DUTT, MANMATHA NATH (1894). The Ramayana. CALCUTTA: Elysium Press.
- ^ a b "The Ramayana index".
- ^ "Ravana and Shani fight over the horoscope of Meghanath". Retrieved 2 December 2015.
- ^ Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An alphabetical guide
- ^ B. A van Nooten William (2000). Ramayana. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22703-3.
- ^ "Valmiki Ramayana - Yuddha Kanda - Sarga 44".
- ^ "Valmiki Ramayana - Yuddha Kanda - Sarga 45".
- ^ "Valmiki Ramayana - Yuddha Kanda - Sarga 50".
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Indrajit.
- Intarachit in the Thai Ramakian (Ramayana)
- The Slaying of Meghanada by Michael Madhusudan Datta (https://home.uchicago.edu/cbs2/Megha.html)
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