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{{short description|American botanist and limnologist (1907-2013)}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Ruth Patrick
| name = Ruth Patrick
| image = Ruth Patrick 1976.JPG
| image = Ruth patrick 2.jpg
| caption = Patrick in 1976
| caption = Patrick in 1975
| birth_date = {{birth date|1907|11|26}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1907|11|26}}
| birth_place = [[Topeka, Kansas]]
| birth_place = [[Topeka, Kansas]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2013|9|23|1907|11|26}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2013|9|23|1907|11|26}}
| death_place = [[Lafayette Hill, Pennsylvania]]
| death_place = [[Lafayette Hill, Pennsylvania]], U.S.
| residence =
| citizenship =
| nationality = [[United States|American]]
| ethnicity =
| ethnicity =
| field = [[Botanist]] and [[Limnologist]]
| field = [[Botanist]] and [[Limnologist]]
| author_abbrev_bot = R.M.Patrick
| work_institution = [[Academy of Natural Sciences]]
| work_institution = [[Academy of Natural Sciences]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Virginia]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Virginia]]
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for =
| known_for =
| prizes = [[National Medal of Science]]<br>[[The Franklin Institute Awards|Lewis L. Dollinger Pure Environment Award]] (1970)
| prizes = [[National Medal of Science]]<br />[[The Franklin Institute Awards|Lewis L. Dollinger Pure Environment Award]] (1970)
| religion =
| religion =
}}
}}
'''Ruth Myrtle Patrick''' (November 26, 1907 – September 23, 2013) was an American [[botanist]] and [[limnologist]] specializing in [[diatom]]s and [[freshwater]] [[ecology]]. She authored more than 200 scientific papers<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://amnat.org/announcements/MemoriamRP.html|title=In Memoriam: Ruth Patrick (1907-2013)|website=amnat.org|access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref>, developed ways to measure the health of freshwater [[ecosystem]]s and established numerous research facilities.
'''Ruth Myrtle Patrick''' (November 26, 1907 – September 23, 2013) was an American [[botanist]] and [[limnologist]] specializing in [[diatom]]s and [[freshwater]] [[ecology]]. She authored more than 200 scientific papers,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://amnat.org/announcements/MemoriamRP.html|title=In Memoriam: Ruth Patrick (1907-2013)|website=amnat.org|access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> developed ways to measure the health of freshwater [[ecosystem]]s and established numerous research facilities.


==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
Ruth Patrick was the daughter of Frank Patrick, a banker and lawyer. Frank had a degree in botany from [[Cornell University]] in Ithaca, New York, and was a hobbyist scientist. He often took Ruth and her sister on Sunday afternoons to collect specimens, especially diatoms, from streams. This sparked a lifelong interest in diatoms and ecology. Ruth Patrick recalls that she ''"collected everything: worms, mushrooms, plants, rocks. I remember the feeling I got when my father would roll back the top of his big desk in the library and roll out the microscope... it was miraculous, looking through a window at the whole other world."''<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Headstrong : 52 women who changed science-- and the world|last=Rachel|first=Swaby|isbn=9780553446791|edition=First|location=New York|oclc=886483944|year = 2015}}</ref> Ruth attended the Sunset Hill School in Kansas City, Missouri, graduating in 1925. Ruth's mother insisted that she attend [[Coker College]], a women's school in Hartsville, South Carolina, but her father arranged for her to attend summer courses, through fear that Coker would not provide satisfactory education in the sciences. When she graduated in 1929, she then enrolled in the [[University of Virginia]], earning a master's degree in 1931, followed by a Ph.D. in 1934.<ref name=dicke>{{citation |last=Dicke |first=William |title=Ruth Patrick, 105, a Pioneer in Science And Pollution Control Efforts, Is Dead | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 23, 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/24/us/ruth-patrick-a-pioneer-in-pollution-control-dies-at-105.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0}}</ref>
Ruth Patrick was the daughter of Frank Patrick, a banker, and lawyer. Frank had a degree in botany from [[Cornell University]] in Ithaca, New York, and was a hobbyist scientist. He often took Ruth and her sister on Sunday afternoons to collect specimens, especially diatoms, from streams. This sparked a lifelong interest in diatoms and ecology. Ruth Patrick recalls that she ''"collected everything: worms, mushrooms, plants, rocks. I remember the feeling I got when my father would roll back the top of his big desk in the library and roll out the microscope... it was miraculous, looking through a window at the whole other world."''<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Headstrong : 52 women who changed science-- and the world|last=Rachel|first=Swaby|isbn=9780553446791|edition=First|location=New York|oclc=886483944|year = 2015}}</ref> Ruth attended the Sunset Hill School in Kansas City, Missouri, graduating in 1925. Ruth's mother insisted that she attend [[Coker College]], a women's school in Hartsville, South Carolina, but her father arranged for her to attend summer courses, through fear that Coker would not provide satisfactory education in the sciences. When she graduated in 1929, she then enrolled in the [[University of Virginia]], earning a master's degree in 1931, followed by a Ph.D. in 1934.<ref name=dicke>{{citation |last=Dicke |first=William |title=Ruth Patrick, 105, a Pioneer in Science And Pollution Control Efforts, Is Dead | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 23, 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/24/us/ruth-patrick-a-pioneer-in-pollution-control-dies-at-105.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0}}</ref>


==Career==
==Career==
{{external media | width = 210px | float = right | video1 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8OgO6KlNdZk Scientific Pioneer Ruth Patrick], 4:53, ''Philadelphia:The Great Experiment''<ref name="ptge">{{cite web | title =Scientific Pioneer Ruth Patrick | work =The Women of Philadelphia | publisher =''Philadelphia:The Great Experiment'' | date =October 14, 2014 | url =http://historymakingproductions.com/the-women-of-philadelphia/ | accessdate =April 4, 2016 | deadurl =yes | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20160316182559/http://historymakingproductions.com/the-women-of-philadelphia/ | archivedate =March 16, 2016 | df = }}</ref> }}
{{external media | width = 210px | float = right | video1 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8OgO6KlNdZk Scientific Pioneer Ruth Patrick], 4:53, ''Philadelphia:The Great Experiment''<ref name="ptge">{{cite web | title =Scientific Pioneer Ruth Patrick | work =The Women of Philadelphia | publisher =Philadelphia:The Great Experiment | date =October 14, 2014 | url =http://historymakingproductions.com/the-women-of-philadelphia/ | access-date =April 4, 2016 | url-status =dead | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160316182559/http://historymakingproductions.com/the-women-of-philadelphia/ | archive-date =March 16, 2016 }}</ref> }}


Ruth Patrick's research in fossilized diatoms showed that the [[Great Dismal Swamp]] between Virginia and North Carolina was once a forest, which had been flooded by seawater. Similar research proved that the [[Great Salt Lake]] was not always a [[saline lake]]. During the [[Great Depression]], she volunteered to work as a curator of microscopy for the [[Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University|Academy of Natural Sciences]], where she worked for no pay for eight years. She was payrolled in 1945. In 1947, she formed and chaired the academy's Department of Limnology.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Wasserman|first1=Elga R.|title=The door in the dream : conversations with eminent women in science|date=2000|publisher=Joseph Henry Press|isbn=978-0-309-06568-9|page=36|bibcode=2000ddce.book.....W}}</ref> She continued to work there for many years and was regarded as a talented and outstanding scientific administrator, in addition to her other scientific contributions.
Patrick's research in fossilized diatoms showed that the [[Great Dismal Swamp]] between Virginia and North Carolina was once a forest, which had been flooded by seawater. Similar research proved that the [[Great Salt Lake]] was not always a [[saline lake]]. During the [[Great Depression]], she volunteered to work as a curator of microscopy for the [[Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University|Academy of Natural Sciences]], where she worked for no pay for eight years. She was payrolled in 1945. In 1947, she formed and chaired the academy's Department of Limnology.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Wasserman|first1=Elga R.|title=The door in the dream : conversations with eminent women in science|date=2000|publisher=Joseph Henry Press|isbn=978-0-309-06568-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/doorindream00elga/page/36 36]|bibcode=2000ddce.book.....W|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/doorindream00elga/page/36}}</ref> She continued to work there for many years and was regarded as a talented and outstanding scientific administrator, in addition to her other scientific contributions. In 1967, she founded [[Stroud Water Research Center]] in collaboration with W.B. Dixon Stroud and his wife Joan Milliken Stroud; this facility was located on the Stroud's property adjoining White Clay Creek in Avondale, Pennsylvania<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bott|first=Thomas|url=http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/patrick-ruth.pdf|title=Biographical Memoirs: Ruth Patrick|last2=Sweeney|first2=Bernard|publisher=National Academy of Sciences|year=2014|pages=6}}</ref>


Patrick's work on the [[Great Salt Lake]] in the 1930s used the history of diatoms in the sediments of the lake to prove the lake was once a freshwater body of water, and established some solid clues as to what caused the shift to saltwater.
Patrick's work on the [[Great Salt Lake]] in the 1930s used the history of diatoms in the sediments of the lake to prove the lake was once a freshwater body of water, and established some solid clues as to what caused the shift to saltwater.


In 1945 she invented the diatometer, a device to take better samples for studying diversity in water ecology. Patrick was a pioneer in the use of biodiversity to determine a body of water's overall health. Her work with both academics and industry giants like DuPont fostered an understanding of pollutants and their effect on rivers, lakes, and drinking water sources. Dr Patrick was a tireless advocate for clean water, including helping develop the guidelines for the US Congress Clean Water Act.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://amnat.org/announcements/MemoriamRP.html|title=In Memoriam: Ruth Patrick (1907-2013)|website=amnat.org|access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> [[Lyndon B. Johnson|President Lyndon B. Johnson]] sought her expertise on water pollution, and [[Ronald Reagan|President Ronald Regan]] asked for her input on [[acid rain]].<ref name=":0" />
In 1945 she invented the diatometer, a device to take better samples for studying diversity in water ecology. Patrick was a pioneer in the use of biodiversity to determine a body of water's overall health. Her work with both academics and industry giants like DuPont fostered an understanding of pollutants and their effect on rivers, lakes, and drinking water sources. Patrick was an advocate for clean water, including helping develop the guidelines for the US Congress Clean Water Act.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://amnat.org/announcements/MemoriamRP.html|title=In Memoriam: Ruth Patrick (1907-2013)|website=amnat.org|access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> [[Lyndon B. Johnson|President Lyndon B. Johnson]] sought her expertise on water pollution, and [[Ronald Reagan|President Ronald Reagan]] asked for her input on [[acid rain]].<ref name=":0" />


== Awards and Honours ==
== Awards and honours ==
Her work has been widely published and she has received numerous awards for her scientific achievements. A complete list is available on her institutional page<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://ansp.org/research/environmental-research/people/patrick/honors/|title=Honors & Awards {{!}} Ruth Patrick {{!}} People|website=Drexel University -|language=en|access-date=2019-03-04}}</ref>. Highlights include:
Her work has been widely published and she has received numerous awards for her scientific achievements. A complete list is available on her institutional page.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://ansp.org/research/environmental-research/people/patrick/honors/|title=Honors & Awards {{!}} Ruth Patrick {{!}} People|website=Drexel University -|language=en|access-date=2019-03-04}}</ref> Highlights include:


* Member of the United States [[National Academy of Sciences]] in 1970<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ruth Patrick |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/51792.html |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=www.nasonline.org}}</ref>
* [[Eminent Ecologist Award]] from the [[Ecological Society of America]] in 1972
* [[Eminent Ecologist Award]] from the [[Ecological Society of America]] in 1972
* Member of the [[American Philosophical Society]] in 1974<ref>{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Ruth+Patrick&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref>
* John and Alice [[Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement]] in 1975
* John and Alice [[Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement]] in 1975
* Fellow of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in 1976<ref name="AAAS">{{cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter P|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterP.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|accessdate=July 22, 2014}}</ref>
* Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]] in 1975<ref>{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#science-exploration}}</ref>
* Fellow of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in 1976<ref name="AAAS">{{cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter P|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterP.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|access-date=July 22, 2014}}</ref>
* Golden Medal of the Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Belgium, in 1978<ref name=":2" />
* Golden Medal of the Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Belgium, in 1978<ref name=":2" />
* Honorary Lifetime Membership from the American Society of Naturalists in 1988<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnat.org/awards.html#Lifetime|title=Awards|website=www.amnat.org|access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
* Honorary Lifetime Membership from the American Society of Naturalists in 1988<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnat.org/awards.html#Lifetime|title=Awards|website=www.amnat.org|access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref>
* [[Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences]] in 1993<ref name="franklinscience_recipients">{{cite web|url=http://www.amphilsoc.org/prizes/franklinscience |title=Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences Recipients |publisher=[[American Philosophical Society]] |accessdate=November 27, 2011}}</ref>
* [[Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences]] in 1993<ref name="franklinscience_recipients">{{cite web|url=http://www.amphilsoc.org/prizes/franklinscience |title=Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences Recipients |publisher=[[American Philosophical Society]] |access-date=November 27, 2011}}</ref>
* [[National Medal of Science]] in 1996
* [[National Medal of Science]] in 1996
* [[American Society of Limnology and Oceanography]]'s Lifetime Achievement Award, 1996
* [[A.C. Redfield Lifetime Achievement Award]] from the [[Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography|American Society of Limnology and Oceanography]] in 1996<ref>[http://www.aslo.org/information/awards.html A.C. Redfield Lifetime Achievement Award] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828113115/http://www.aslo.org/information/awards.html |date=2009-08-28 }}</ref>
* Mendel Medal from Villanova University (the university's highest honour), 2002<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www1.villanova.edu/villanova/president/university_events/mendelmedal/pastrecipients.html|title=Past Mendel Medal Recipients {{!}} Villanova University|website=www1.villanova.edu|access-date=2019-03-04}}</ref>
* [[A.C. Redfield Lifetime Achievement Award]] in 1996<ref>[http://www.aslo.org/information/awards.html A.C. Redfield Lifetime Achievement Award] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828113115/http://www.aslo.org/information/awards.html |date=2009-08-28 }}</ref>
* Mendel Medal from Villanova University (the University's highest honour), 2002<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www1.villanova.edu/villanova/president/university_events/mendelmedal/pastrecipients.html|title=Past Mendel Medal Recipients {{!}} Villanova University|website=www1.villanova.edu|access-date=2019-03-04}}</ref>
* [[Heinz Award]] Chairman's Medal in 2002<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heinzawards.net/recipients/ruth-patrick|title=The Heinz Awards :: Ruth Patrick|website=www.heinzawards.net}}</ref>
* [[Heinz Award]] Chairman's Medal in 2002<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heinzawards.net/recipients/ruth-patrick|title=The Heinz Awards :: Ruth Patrick|website=www.heinzawards.net}}</ref>


The Ruth Patrick Science Education Center in Aiken, South Carolina, is named after her. The [[Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography]] gives out a Ruth Patrick Award "to honor outstanding research by a scientist in the application of basic aquatic science principles to the identification, analysis and/or solution of important environmental problems."<ref>[http://aslo.org/information/awards.html#PATR Ruth Patrick Award] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070707065951/http://aslo.org/information/awards.html |date=2007-07-07 }}</ref> This botanist is denoted by the [[List of botanists by author abbreviation|author abbreviation]] '''<span class="vcard"><span class="fn n"><span class="nickname">R.M.Patrick</span></span></span>''' when [[Author citation (botany)|citing]] a [[botanical name]].<ref>{{cite book|last = Brummitt|first = R. K.|author2=C. E. Powell |title = Authors of Plant Names |publisher = [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |year = 1992 |isbn = 978-1-84246-085-6}}</ref>
The Ruth Patrick Science Education Center in Aiken, South Carolina, is named after her. The [[Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography]] gives out a Ruth Patrick Award "to honor outstanding research by a scientist in the application of basic aquatic science principles to the identification, analysis and/or solution of important environmental problems."<ref>[http://aslo.org/information/awards.html#PATR Ruth Patrick Award] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070707065951/http://aslo.org/information/awards.html |date=2007-07-07 }}</ref> This botanist is denoted by the [[List of botanists by author abbreviation|author abbreviation]] '''<span class="vcard"><span class="fn n"><span class="nickname">R.M.Patrick</span></span></span>''' when [[Author citation (botany)|citing]] a [[botanical name]].<ref>{{cite book|last = Brummitt|first = R. K.|author2=C. E. Powell |title = Authors of Plant Names |publisher = [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |year = 1992 |isbn = 978-1-84246-085-6}}</ref>
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On November 17, 2007, a gala was held in honor of. Patrick's upcoming 100th birthday at The Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, PA. Notable guests included Governor of Pennsylvania [[Ed Rendell]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ansp.org/~/media/Files/ans/about/press/releases/2007/RuthPatrick_Gala_10-07.ashx|title=Academy Throws Glittering Gala for Scientist Dr. Ruth Patrick's 100th Birthday|website=ansp.org}}</ref>
On November 17, 2007, a gala was held in honor of. Patrick's upcoming 100th birthday at The Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, PA. Notable guests included Governor of Pennsylvania [[Ed Rendell]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ansp.org/~/media/Files/ans/about/press/releases/2007/RuthPatrick_Gala_10-07.ashx|title=Academy Throws Glittering Gala for Scientist Dr. Ruth Patrick's 100th Birthday|website=ansp.org}}</ref>


Dr Patrick received more than 25 honorary degrees<ref name=":2" />. In 2009, Patrick was inducted into the [[National Women's Hall of Fame]].<ref>[https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/ruth-patrick/ National Women's Hall of Fame, Ruth Patrick]</ref>
Dr Patrick received more than 25 honorary degrees.<ref name=":2" /> In 2009, Patrick was inducted into the [[National Women's Hall of Fame]].<ref>[https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/ruth-patrick/ National Women's Hall of Fame, Ruth Patrick]</ref>


==Personal life==
==Personal life==
Patrick was married twice. She retained her maiden name when writing scientific papers, at her father's request. Her husbands were Charles Hodge IV and Lewis H. Van Dusen Jr.<ref>Legacy.com [http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/kansascity/obituary-print.aspx?pid=167198861 DR. RUTH PATRICK]</ref> With Charles Hodge IV she had one son. Charles was an [[entomologist]] and a direct descendant of [[Benjamin Franklin]].
Patrick was married twice. She retained her maiden name when writing scientific papers, at her father's request. Her husbands were Charles Hodge IV and Lewis H. Van Dusen Jr.<ref>Legacy.com [http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/kansascity/obituary-print.aspx?pid=167198861 DR. RUTH PATRICK]</ref> With Charles Hodge IV she had one son. Charles was an [[entomologist]] and a direct descendant of [[Benjamin Franklin]].


Patrick died at a retirement home in 2013. She was 105.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/ruth-patrick-ecology-pioneer-dies-at-105/2013/09/23/2bcde762-245e-11e3-b75d-5b7f66349852_story.html|title=Ruth Patrick, ecology pioneer, dies at 105|first=Julie|last=Zauzmer|date=23 September 2013|publisher=|via=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref>
Patrick died at a retirement home in 2013. She was 105.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/ruth-patrick-ecology-pioneer-dies-at-105/2013/09/23/2bcde762-245e-11e3-b75d-5b7f66349852_story.html|title=Ruth Patrick, ecology pioneer, dies at 105|first=Julie|last=Zauzmer|date=23 September 2013|via=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref> As a tribute to her father and her childhood in [[Kansas City, Missouri]], Dr. Patrick left most of her library to the [[Linda Hall Library]] at her death. These books focus on microscopy and microscopical observations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lindahall.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2014/06/Hedgehog_Number_55_Fall_2014.pdf|title=Linda Hall Library ''Hedgehog'', no. 55, Fall, 2014}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
<references/>


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.ansp.org/research/environmental-research/ Patrick Center for Environmental Research]
*[http://www.ansp.org/research/environmental-research/ Patrick Center for Environmental Research], The Academy of Natural Sciences
*[http://rpsec.usca.edu/about.asp Ruth Patrick Science Education Center]
* [http://www.ansp.org/research/environmental-research/people/patrick/ Ruth Patrick, The Academy of Natural Sciences]
*[http://articles.philly.com/2013-09-25/news/42361072_1_water-pollution-clean-water-act-rachel-carson Ruth Myrtle Patrick, 105, expert on water pollution]
*[http://www.ansp.org/research/environmental-research/people/patrick/ The Academy of Natural Sciences: Dr. Ruth Patrick]
*[http://www.ansp.org/research/environmental-research/people/patrick/biography/ The Academy of Natural Sciences: Biography]
*[http://www.ansp.org/research/environmental-research/people/patrick/honors/ The Academy of Natural Sciences: Honors & Awards]
*[http://www.ansp.org/research/environmental-research/people/patrick/positions-activities/ The Academy of Natural Sciences: Positions & Activities]
*[http://www.ansp.org/research/environmental-research/people/patrick/publications/ The Academy of Natural Sciences: Publications]


{{Winners of the National Medal of Science|biological}}
{{Winners of the National Medal of Science|biological}}
{{National Women's Hall of Fame}}
{{National Women's Hall of Fame}}
{{Presidents of the Phycological Society of America|state=collapsed}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


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[[Category:American women botanists]]
[[Category:Limnologists]]
[[Category:American botanists]]
[[Category:National Medal of Science laureates]]
[[Category:National Medal of Science laureates]]
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[[Category:American centenarians]]
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[[Category:University of Virginia alumni]]
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[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Ecological Society of America]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Ecological Society of America]]
[[Category:Women centenarians]]
[[Category:American women centenarians]]
[[Category:Women limnologists]]
[[Category:American limnologists]]
[[Category:21st-century American women]]
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[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]]
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[[Category:Pembroke Hill School alumni]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Phycological Society of America]]

Latest revision as of 09:49, 30 June 2024

Ruth Patrick
Patrick in 1975
Born(1907-11-26)November 26, 1907
Topeka, Kansas
DiedSeptember 23, 2013(2013-09-23) (aged 105)
Lafayette Hill, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Alma materUniversity of Virginia
AwardsNational Medal of Science
Lewis L. Dollinger Pure Environment Award (1970)
Scientific career
FieldsBotanist and Limnologist
InstitutionsAcademy of Natural Sciences
Author abbrev. (botany)R.M.Patrick

Ruth Myrtle Patrick (November 26, 1907 – September 23, 2013) was an American botanist and limnologist specializing in diatoms and freshwater ecology. She authored more than 200 scientific papers,[1] developed ways to measure the health of freshwater ecosystems and established numerous research facilities.

Early life and education

[edit]

Ruth Patrick was the daughter of Frank Patrick, a banker, and lawyer. Frank had a degree in botany from Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, and was a hobbyist scientist. He often took Ruth and her sister on Sunday afternoons to collect specimens, especially diatoms, from streams. This sparked a lifelong interest in diatoms and ecology. Ruth Patrick recalls that she "collected everything: worms, mushrooms, plants, rocks. I remember the feeling I got when my father would roll back the top of his big desk in the library and roll out the microscope... it was miraculous, looking through a window at the whole other world."[2] Ruth attended the Sunset Hill School in Kansas City, Missouri, graduating in 1925. Ruth's mother insisted that she attend Coker College, a women's school in Hartsville, South Carolina, but her father arranged for her to attend summer courses, through fear that Coker would not provide satisfactory education in the sciences. When she graduated in 1929, she then enrolled in the University of Virginia, earning a master's degree in 1931, followed by a Ph.D. in 1934.[3]

Career

[edit]
External videos
video icon Scientific Pioneer Ruth Patrick, 4:53, Philadelphia:The Great Experiment[4]

Patrick's research in fossilized diatoms showed that the Great Dismal Swamp between Virginia and North Carolina was once a forest, which had been flooded by seawater. Similar research proved that the Great Salt Lake was not always a saline lake. During the Great Depression, she volunteered to work as a curator of microscopy for the Academy of Natural Sciences, where she worked for no pay for eight years. She was payrolled in 1945. In 1947, she formed and chaired the academy's Department of Limnology.[5] She continued to work there for many years and was regarded as a talented and outstanding scientific administrator, in addition to her other scientific contributions. In 1967, she founded Stroud Water Research Center in collaboration with W.B. Dixon Stroud and his wife Joan Milliken Stroud; this facility was located on the Stroud's property adjoining White Clay Creek in Avondale, Pennsylvania[6]

Patrick's work on the Great Salt Lake in the 1930s used the history of diatoms in the sediments of the lake to prove the lake was once a freshwater body of water, and established some solid clues as to what caused the shift to saltwater.

In 1945 she invented the diatometer, a device to take better samples for studying diversity in water ecology. Patrick was a pioneer in the use of biodiversity to determine a body of water's overall health. Her work with both academics and industry giants like DuPont fostered an understanding of pollutants and their effect on rivers, lakes, and drinking water sources. Patrick was an advocate for clean water, including helping develop the guidelines for the US Congress Clean Water Act.[7] President Lyndon B. Johnson sought her expertise on water pollution, and President Ronald Reagan asked for her input on acid rain.[2]

Awards and honours

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Her work has been widely published and she has received numerous awards for her scientific achievements. A complete list is available on her institutional page.[8] Highlights include:

The Ruth Patrick Science Education Center in Aiken, South Carolina, is named after her. The Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography gives out a Ruth Patrick Award "to honor outstanding research by a scientist in the application of basic aquatic science principles to the identification, analysis and/or solution of important environmental problems."[18] This botanist is denoted by the author abbreviation R.M.Patrick when citing a botanical name.[19]

On November 17, 2007, a gala was held in honor of. Patrick's upcoming 100th birthday at The Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, PA. Notable guests included Governor of Pennsylvania Ed Rendell.[20]

Dr Patrick received more than 25 honorary degrees.[8] In 2009, Patrick was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.[21]

Personal life

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Patrick was married twice. She retained her maiden name when writing scientific papers, at her father's request. Her husbands were Charles Hodge IV and Lewis H. Van Dusen Jr.[22] With Charles Hodge IV she had one son. Charles was an entomologist and a direct descendant of Benjamin Franklin.

Patrick died at a retirement home in 2013. She was 105.[23] As a tribute to her father and her childhood in Kansas City, Missouri, Dr. Patrick left most of her library to the Linda Hall Library at her death. These books focus on microscopy and microscopical observations.[24]

References

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  1. ^ a b "In Memoriam: Ruth Patrick (1907-2013)". amnat.org. Retrieved 2019-03-03.
  2. ^ a b Rachel, Swaby (2015). Headstrong : 52 women who changed science-- and the world (First ed.). New York. ISBN 9780553446791. OCLC 886483944.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ^ Dicke, William (September 23, 2013), "Ruth Patrick, 105, a Pioneer in Science And Pollution Control Efforts, Is Dead", The New York Times
  4. ^ "Scientific Pioneer Ruth Patrick". The Women of Philadelphia. Philadelphia:The Great Experiment. October 14, 2014. Archived from the original on March 16, 2016. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
  5. ^ Wasserman, Elga R. (2000). The door in the dream : conversations with eminent women in science. Joseph Henry Press. p. 36. Bibcode:2000ddce.book.....W. ISBN 978-0-309-06568-9.
  6. ^ Bott, Thomas; Sweeney, Bernard (2014). Biographical Memoirs: Ruth Patrick (PDF). National Academy of Sciences. p. 6.
  7. ^ "In Memoriam: Ruth Patrick (1907-2013)". amnat.org. Retrieved 2019-03-03.
  8. ^ a b c "Honors & Awards | Ruth Patrick | People". Drexel University -. Retrieved 2019-03-04.
  9. ^ "Ruth Patrick". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2022-08-04.
  10. ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2022-08-04.
  11. ^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
  12. ^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter P" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
  13. ^ "Awards". www.amnat.org. Retrieved 2019-03-03.
  14. ^ "Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences Recipients". American Philosophical Society. Retrieved November 27, 2011.
  15. ^ A.C. Redfield Lifetime Achievement Award Archived 2009-08-28 at the Wayback Machine
  16. ^ "Past Mendel Medal Recipients | Villanova University". www1.villanova.edu. Retrieved 2019-03-04.
  17. ^ "The Heinz Awards :: Ruth Patrick". www.heinzawards.net.
  18. ^ Ruth Patrick Award Archived 2007-07-07 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ Brummitt, R. K.; C. E. Powell (1992). Authors of Plant Names. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 978-1-84246-085-6.
  20. ^ "Academy Throws Glittering Gala for Scientist Dr. Ruth Patrick's 100th Birthday". ansp.org.
  21. ^ National Women's Hall of Fame, Ruth Patrick
  22. ^ Legacy.com DR. RUTH PATRICK
  23. ^ Zauzmer, Julie (23 September 2013). "Ruth Patrick, ecology pioneer, dies at 105" – via www.washingtonpost.com.
  24. ^ "Linda Hall Library Hedgehog, no. 55, Fall, 2014" (PDF).
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