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{{Short description|1=Diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and New Zealand}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox Bilateral relations|Dutch-New-Zealand|Netherlands|New Zealand|map=
{{Infobox bilateral relations|Dutch–New-Zealand|Netherlands|New Zealand|map=Netherlands New Zealand Locator.png
| envoytitle1 = Ambassador
| envoytitle1 = Ambassador
| envoy1 = Mira Woldberg
| envoy1 = Ard van der Vorst
| envoytitle2 = [[List of ambassadors of New Zealand to the Netherlands|Ambassador]]
| envoytitle2 = [[List of ambassadors of New Zealand to the Netherlands|Ambassador]]
|envoy2 = Lyndal Walker
|envoy2 = Lyndal Walker
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'''Netherlands – New Zealand relations''' is the official relationship between the [[Netherlands|Kingdom of the Netherlands]] and [[New Zealand]]. New Zealand has an embassy in [[The Hague]] and the Netherlands has an embassy in [[Wellington]]. The Ambassador to the Netherlands is [[Dual accreditation|concurrently accredited]] to [[Denmark]], [[Finland]], [[Iceland]] and [[Norway]].
'''Netherlands – New Zealand relations''' is the official relationship between the [[Netherlands|Kingdom of the Netherlands]] and [[New Zealand]]. New Zealand has an embassy in [[The Hague]] and the Netherlands has an embassy in [[Wellington]]. The Ambassador to the Netherlands is [[Dual accreditation|concurrently accredited]] to [[Denmark]], [[Finland]], [[Iceland]] and [[Norway]].


Both New Zealand and the Netherlands are [[constitutional monarchy|constitutional monarchies]]. They share very similar social attitudes and values and have a substantial history of working together on issues of international importance. They often cooperate closely in multilateral forums. In many international meetings the Netherlands delegation is seated immediately alongside New Zealand.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.netherlandsembassy.co.nz/wa.asp?idWebPage=24572&idDetails=165 |title=The Netherlands/New Zealand Relations – History Bilateral Linkages |publisher=Embassy of the Netherlands in Wellington |accessdate=28 March 2019 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525231039/http://www.netherlandsembassy.co.nz/wa.asp?idWebPage=24572&idDetails=165 |archivedate=25 May 2010 }}</ref>
Both New Zealand and the Netherlands are [[constitutional monarchy|constitutional monarchies]]. They share very similar social attitudes and values and have a substantial history of working together on issues of international importance. They often cooperate closely in multilateral forums. In many international meetings the Netherlands delegation is seated immediately alongside New Zealand.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.netherlandsembassy.co.nz/wa.asp?idWebPage=24572&idDetails=165 |title=The Netherlands/New Zealand Relations – History Bilateral Linkages |publisher=Embassy of the Netherlands in Wellington |access-date=28 March 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525231039/http://www.netherlandsembassy.co.nz/wa.asp?idWebPage=24572&idDetails=165 |archive-date=25 May 2010 }}</ref>


[[File:De Molen windmill in Foxton.jpg|thumb|right|''De Molen'' in [[Foxton, New Zealand]]]]
[[File:De Molen windmill in Foxton.jpg|thumb|right|''De Molen'' in [[Foxton, New Zealand]]]]
There is also a strong academic and research cooperation between [[Wageningen University]] in the Netherlands and [[Massey University]] in New Zealand. Cultural connections between the two countries were enhanced in 2010, with “Te Hono ki Aotearoa”, a [[waka taua]], being provided on permanent loan to the Dutch [[National Museum of Ethnology (Netherlands)|National Museum of Ethnology]] in [[Leiden]]. Moreover, 256 New Zealand airmen killed in [[World War II]] lie buried in the Netherlands, in 85 different cemeteries.<ref name=govt /> In 2003, a full size replica of a Dutch [[windmill]], called ''De Molen'' was completed and opened in [[Foxton, New Zealand]].<ref name=nl>[https://www.nieuw-zeeland.nl/nieuw-zeeland/reisgids/samenleving-nieuw-zeeland/nederlanders-in-nieuw-zeeland/ Nederlanders in Nieuw-Zeeland] {{nl}}</ref>
There is also a strong academic and research cooperation between [[Wageningen University]] in the Netherlands and [[Massey University]] in New Zealand. Cultural connections between the two countries were enhanced in 2010, with “Te Hono ki Aotearoa”, a [[waka taua]], being provided on permanent loan to the Dutch [[National Museum of Ethnology (Netherlands)|National Museum of Ethnology]] in [[Leiden]]. Moreover, 256 New Zealand airmen killed in [[World War II]] lie buried in the Netherlands, in 85 different cemeteries.<ref name=govt /> In 2003, a full size replica of a Dutch [[windmill]], called ''De Molen'' was completed and opened in [[Foxton, New Zealand]].<ref name=nl>[https://www.nieuw-zeeland.nl/nieuw-zeeland/reisgids/samenleving-nieuw-zeeland/nederlanders-in-nieuw-zeeland/ Nederlanders in Nieuw-Zeeland] {{in lang|nl}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
[[File:Thevenot_-_Hollandia_Nova_detecta_1644.png|thumb|right|An early map of [[Australasia]] during the Golden Age of Dutch exploration and discovery ({{circa|1590s–1720s}}). Based on a chart by [[Joan Blaeu]], {{circa|1644}}]]
[[File:Thevenot_-_Hollandia_Nova_detecta_1644.png|thumb|right|An early map of [[Australasia]] during the Golden Age of Dutch exploration and discovery ({{circa|1590s–1720s}}). Based on a chart by [[Joan Blaeu]], {{circa|1644}}]]
Historically there has been a strong link between New Zealand and the Netherlands. In December 1642, Dutch explorer [[Abel Tasman]] became the first European to sight New Zealand. He arrived in his ships ''Heemskerck'' and ''Zeehaen'' and anchored at the northern end of the [[South Island]] in [[Golden Bay]] (he named it Murderers' Bay). Tasman named it ''Staten Land'' "in honour of the [[States General of the Netherlands|States General]]" (Dutch parliament). He wrote, "it is possible that this land joins to the Staten Land but it is uncertain",<ref>{{cite web |url= http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks06/0600611.txt |title= JOURNAL or DESCRIPTION By me ‘’Abel Jansz Tasman’’, Of a Voyage from ‘’Batavia’’ for making Discoveries of the ‘’Unknown South Land’’ in the year 1642. |accessdate= 28 March 2019|first= Abel |last = Tasman|date= |year= |month= |work= |publisher= Project Gutenberg Australia|pages= |language= |quote= }}</ref> referring to [[Isla de los Estados|a landmass of the same name]] at the southern tip of South America, discovered by [[Jacob Le Maire]] in 1616.<ref>{{cite web|first=John|last=Wilson|title=European discovery of New Zealand – Tasman's achievement|publisher=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]]|date=March 2009|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/european-discovery-of-new-zealand/3|accessdate=28 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz//tm/scholarly/tei-Stout44-t2-body-d1-d1.html|title= The Pamphlet Collection of Sir Robert Stout:Volume 44. Chapter 1, Discovery and Settlement |author= John Bathgate|authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year= |month= |work= |publisher= NZETC|pages= |language= |quote= He named the country Staaten Land, in honour of the States-General of Holland, in the belief that it was part of the great southern continent.|accessdate=28 March 2019}}</ref> He also named [[Cape Maria van Diemen]] and the [[Three Kings Islands]]. [[Mount Tasman]], [[Abel Tasman National Park]], the [[Tasman Glacier]] and the [[Tasman Region]] are named after him. In a hostile encounter, four crew members were killed and at least one [[Māori people|Māori]] was hit by [[canister shot]].<ref>{{cite book|page=82|title=Two Worlds: First Meetings Between Maori and Europeans 1642–1772|authorlink=Anne Salmond|first=Anne|last=Salmond|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|location=Auckland|isbn=0-670-83298-7}}</ref> Tasman sketched sections of the two main islands' west coasts and left and there was no further contact between the Netherlands and New Zealand for more than a hundred years. In 1645, Dutch [[cartographers]] renamed the land ''Nova Zeelandia'' after the [[Seventeen Provinces|Dutch province]] of [[Zeeland]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/european-discovery-of-new-zealand/3 |title=Tasman’s achievement |publisher=Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand |date=September 2007 |accessdate=28 March 2019 |last=Wilson |first=John}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Mackay|first=Duncan|year=1986|chapter=The Search For The Southern Land|editor-last=Fraser|editor-first= B|title=The New Zealand Book Of Events|location=Auckland|publisher=[[Methuen Publishing|Reed Methuen]]|pages=52–54}}</ref> British explorer [[James Cook]] subsequently [[anglicisation|anglicised]] the name to New Zealand.<ref name="NZ name">{{cite web|first=Malcolm|last=McKinnon|authorlink=Malcolm McKinnon|title=Place names – Naming the country and the main islands|publisher=Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand|date=November 2009|url=http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/place-names/1|accessdate=28 March 2019}}</ref> Once New Zealand was established as a state in 1840 relation have been good.
Historically there has been a strong link between New Zealand and the Netherlands. In December 1642, Dutch explorer [[Abel Tasman]] became the first European to sight New Zealand. He arrived in his ships ''Heemskerck'' and ''Zeehaen'' and anchored at the northern end of the [[South Island]] in [[Golden Bay / Mohua|Golden Bay]] (he named it Murderers' Bay). Tasman named it ''Staten Land'' "in honour of the [[States General of the Netherlands|States General]]" (Dutch parliament). He wrote, "it is possible that this land joins to the Staten Land but it is uncertain",<ref>{{cite web |url= http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks06/0600611.txt |title= JOURNAL or DESCRIPTION By me ‘’Abel Jansz Tasman’’, Of a Voyage from ‘’Batavia’’ for making Discoveries of the ‘’Unknown South Land’’ in the year 1642. |access-date= 28 March 2019|first= Abel |last = Tasman|publisher= Project Gutenberg Australia}}</ref> referring to [[Isla de los Estados|a landmass of the same name]] at the southern tip of South America, discovered by [[Jacob Le Maire]] in 1616.<ref>{{cite web|first=John|last=Wilson|title=European discovery of New Zealand – Tasman's achievement|publisher=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]]|date=March 2009|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/european-discovery-of-new-zealand/3|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz//tm/scholarly/tei-Stout44-t2-body-d1-d1.html|title= The Pamphlet Collection of Sir Robert Stout:Volume 44. Chapter 1, Discovery and Settlement |author= John Bathgate|publisher= NZETC|quote= He named the country Staaten Land, in honour of the States-General of Holland, in the belief that it was part of the great southern continent.|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> He also named [[Cape Maria van Diemen]] and the [[Three Kings Islands]]. [[Mount Tasman]], [[Abel Tasman National Park]], the [[Tasman Glacier]] and the [[Tasman Region]] are named after him. In a hostile encounter, four crew members were killed and at least one [[Māori people|Māori]] was hit by [[canister shot]].<ref>{{cite book|page=82|title=Two Worlds: First Meetings Between Maori and Europeans 1642–1772|author-link=Anne Salmond (historian)|first=Anne|last=Salmond|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|location=Auckland|isbn=0-670-83298-7}}</ref> Tasman sketched sections of the two main islands' west coasts and left and there was no further contact between the Netherlands and New Zealand for more than a hundred years. In 1645, Dutch [[cartographers]] renamed the land ''Nova Zeelandia'' after the [[Seventeen Provinces|Dutch province]] of [[Zeeland]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/european-discovery-of-new-zealand/3 |title=Tasman’s achievement |publisher=Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand |date=September 2007 |access-date=28 March 2019 |last=Wilson |first=John}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Mackay|first=Duncan|year=1986|chapter=The Search For The Southern Land|editor-last=Fraser|editor-first= B|title=The New Zealand Book Of Events|location=Auckland|publisher=[[Methuen Publishing|Reed Methuen]]|pages=52–54}}</ref> British explorer [[James Cook]] subsequently [[anglicisation|anglicised]] the name to New Zealand.<ref name="NZ name">{{cite web|first=Malcolm|last=McKinnon|author-link=Malcolm McKinnon|title=Place names – Naming the country and the main islands|publisher=Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand|date=November 2009|url=http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/place-names/1|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> Once New Zealand was established as a state in 1840 relations have been good.


The relationship was enhanced significantly with migration of large numbers of Dutch people to New Zealand after [[World War II]]. Before World War II there were only 128 Dutch-born people in New Zealand, including Gerrit van Asch (grandfather of [[Henry Piet Drury van Asch]]) who established the [[Van Asch College]] and [[Petrus van der Velden]]. New Zealand's eighth premier [[Julius Vogel]] was son of a Dutchman<ref name=nzgeo>[https://www.nzgeo.com/stories/the-invisible-immigrants/ The invisible immigrants]</ref> As a result of negotiations between the Dutch and New Zealand Governments a migration agreement was signed in October 1950. This resulted in thousands of Dutch immigrants coming to New Zealand in subsequent years. Peaking between 1951 and 1954, with 10,583 immigrants.<ref name=nl /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/dutch/2 |title=Dutch Migration after 1945 |date=4 March 2009 |publisher=Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand |accessdate=28 March 2019}}</ref> By 1968, they formed the biggest group of non-British immigrant groups.<ref name=govt>[https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/countries-and-regions/europe/netherlands/ Our relationship with the Netherland]</ref>
The relationship was enhanced significantly with migration of large numbers of Dutch people to New Zealand after [[World War II]]. Before World War II there were only 128 Dutch-born people in New Zealand, including Gerrit van Asch (grandfather of [[Henry Piet Drury van Asch]]) who established the [[Van Asch College]], and [[Petrus van der Velden]]. New Zealand's eighth premier [[Julius Vogel]] was son of a Dutchman.<ref name=nzgeo>[https://www.nzgeo.com/stories/the-invisible-immigrants/ The invisible immigrants]</ref> As a result of negotiations between the Dutch and New Zealand Governments a migration agreement was signed in October 1950. This resulted in thousands of Dutch immigrants coming to New Zealand in subsequent years. Peaking between 1951 and 1954, with 10,583 immigrants.<ref name=nl /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/dutch/2 |title=Dutch Migration after 1945 |date=4 March 2009 |publisher=Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand |access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> By 1968, they formed the biggest group of non-British immigrant groups.<ref name=govt>[https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/countries-and-regions/europe/netherlands/ Our relationship with the Netherland]</ref>

⚫
The 2013 census shows that 28,503 people identified their ethnic group as Dutch.<ref name="ethnicity2013">{{cite web|url=http://nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz/wbos/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=TABLECODE8021#|title=Ethnic group (detailed single and combination) by age group and sex, for the census usually resident population count, 2013 (RC, TA)|publisher=Statistics New Zealand|accessdate=28 March 2019}}</ref> The Netherlands Embassy in Wellington estimated that there were approximately 45,000 Dutch citizens residing in New Zealand. This number includes persons with dual New Zealand and Dutch nationality. Today more than 150,000 New Zealanders claim Dutch heritage. There is also a sizable expatriate New Zealand community in the Netherlands.<ref name=govt />


New Zealand has maintained a resident [[ambassador]] in the Netherlands since 1967, and a resident [[Head of Mission]] since 1950.
New Zealand has maintained a resident [[ambassador]] in the Netherlands since 1967, and a resident [[Head of Mission]] since 1950.

==Diaspora==
⚫
The 2013 census shows that 28,503 people identified their ethnic group as Dutch.<ref name="ethnicity2013">{{cite web|url=http://nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz/wbos/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=TABLECODE8021#|title=Ethnic group (detailed single and combination) by age group and sex, for the census usually resident population count, 2013 (RC, TA)|publisher=Statistics New Zealand|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> The Netherlands Embassy in Wellington estimated that there were approximately 45,000 Dutch citizens residing in New Zealand. This number includes persons with dual New Zealand and Dutch nationality. Today more than 150,000 New Zealanders claim Dutch heritage. There is also a sizable expatriate New Zealand community in the Netherlands.<ref name=govt />


==Trade==
==Trade==
The Netherlands is an important export destination for New Zealand’s goods and a significant source of investment. For the year 2017, the Netherlands was its fourth-largest trading partner within the [[European Union]]. [[Fonterra]] and [[Mainfreight]] have both chosen to locate their European Headquarters in the Netherlands.<ref name=govt />
The Netherlands is an important export destination for New Zealand's goods and a significant source of investment. For the year 2017, the Netherlands was its fourth-largest trading partner within the [[European Union]]. [[Fonterra]] and [[Mainfreight]] have both chosen to locate their European Headquarters in the Netherlands.<ref name=govt />


In 2017, New Zealand exported $874 million (403 237 goods<ref>[https://statline.cbs.nl/Statweb/publication/?VW=T&DM=SLNL&PA=81266NED&D1=0&D2=a&D3=172&D4=51,64,77,90,103,116,129,142,155,168,l&HD=150410-2013&HDR=G2,T,G3&STB=G1 Internationale handel; in- en uitvoer naar SITC (1 digit) en land 2008-2017] {{nl}}</ref>) to the Netherlands and imported $571 million (510 282 goods<ref>[https://statline.cbs.nl/Statweb/publication/?VW=T&DM=SLNL&PA=81266NED&D1=1&D2=a&D3=172&D4=51,64,77,90,103,116,129,142,155,168,l&HD=150410-2014&HDR=G2,T,G3&STB=G1 Internationale handel; in- en uitvoer naar SITC (1 digit) en land 2008-2017] {{nl}}</ref>).Top export products are [[sheep meat]], [[dairy products]] and unwrought [[aluminium]]. Top important products are machinery, [[tobacco]] and food preparations.<ref name=govt />
In 2017, New Zealand exported $874 million (403 237 goods<ref>[https://statline.cbs.nl/Statweb/publication/?VW=T&DM=SLNL&PA=81266NED&D1=0&D2=a&D3=172&D4=51,64,77,90,103,116,129,142,155,168,l&HD=150410-2013&HDR=G2,T,G3&STB=G1 Internationale handel; in- en uitvoer naar SITC (1 digit) en land 2008-2017] {{in lang|nl}}</ref>) to the Netherlands and imported $571 million (510 282 goods<ref>[https://statline.cbs.nl/Statweb/publication/?VW=T&DM=SLNL&PA=81266NED&D1=1&D2=a&D3=172&D4=51,64,77,90,103,116,129,142,155,168,l&HD=150410-2014&HDR=G2,T,G3&STB=G1 Internationale handel; in- en uitvoer naar SITC (1 digit) en land 2008-2017] {{in lang|nl}}</ref>).Top export products are [[sheep meat]], [[dairy products]] and unwrought [[aluminium]]. Top import products are machinery, [[tobacco]] and food preparations.<ref name=govt />


==State visits==
==State visits==
===Netherlands to New Zealand===
===Netherlands to New Zealand===
*5-10 February 1951: [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Prime Minister]] [[Willem Drees]] <ref name=visits>[https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/visits/new-zealand Visits By Foreign Leaders of New Zealand]</ref>
*5-10 February 1951: [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Prime Minister]] [[Willem Drees]]<ref name=visits>[https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/visits/new-zealand Visits By Foreign Leaders of New Zealand]</ref>
*17–20 May 1953: Prime Minister Willem Drees<ref name=visits />
*17–20 May 1953: Prime Minister Willem Drees<ref name=visits />
*20–23 January 1955: Prime Minister Willem Drees (unofficial)<ref name=visits />
*20–23 January 1955: Prime Minister Willem Drees (unofficial)<ref name=visits />
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====Royal visits====
====Royal visits====
[[File:Netherlands' Queen Beatrix unveiling sculptures, Wellington 1992 (25144520573).jpg|thumb|[[Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands]] unveiled sculptures of the 'Heemskerck' and 'Zeehaen' in Wellington’s [[Frank Kitts Park]] in 1992]]
[[File:Netherlands' Queen Beatrix unveiling sculptures, Wellington 1992 (25144520573).jpg|thumb|[[Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands]] unveiled sculptures of the 'Heemskerck' and 'Zeehaen' in Wellington's [[Frank Kitts Park]] in 1992]]
* [[Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands]]
* [[Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands]]
** March 1992<ref name=nzgeo />
** March 1992<ref name=nzgeo />

* [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands]] and [[Máxima of the Netherlands]]
* [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands]] and [[Máxima of the Netherlands]]
** November 2006 (as prince and princess)<ref name="royal">[https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/82947869/dutch-royals-to-visit-new-zealand Dutch royals to visit New Zealand]</ref>
** November 2006 (as prince and princess)<ref name="royal">[https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/82947869/dutch-royals-to-visit-new-zealand Dutch royals to visit New Zealand]</ref>
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==See also==
==See also==
⚫
*[[Dutch New Zealanders]]
*[[Foreign relations of the Netherlands]]
*[[Foreign relations of the Netherlands]]
*[[Foreign relations of New Zealand]]
*[[Foreign relations of New Zealand]]
⚫
*[[Dutch New Zealanders]]
*[[List of ambassadors of New Zealand to the Netherlands]]
*[[List of ambassadors of New Zealand to the Netherlands]]


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{{Foreign relations of the Netherlands}}
{{Foreign relations of the Netherlands}}
{{New Zealand bilateral relations}}
{{New Zealand bilateral relations}}
{{Portal bar|Politics|Netherlands|New Zealand}}


{{DEFAULTSORT: Netherlands - New Zealand Relations}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Netherlands - New Zealand Relations}}
[[Category:Netherlands–New Zealand relations| ]]
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[[Category:Bilateral relations of the Netherlands|New Zealand]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of New Zealand|Netherlands]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of New Zealand|Netherlands]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Relations of colonizer and former colony]]

Latest revision as of 20:01, 6 June 2024

Dutch–New-Zealand relations
Map indicating locations of Netherlands and New Zealand

Netherlands
New Zealand
Envoy
Ambassador Ard van der VorstAmbassador Lyndal Walker

Netherlands – New Zealand relations is the official relationship between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and New Zealand. New Zealand has an embassy in The Hague and the Netherlands has an embassy in Wellington. The Ambassador to the Netherlands is concurrently accredited to Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Norway.

Both New Zealand and the Netherlands are constitutional monarchies. They share very similar social attitudes and values and have a substantial history of working together on issues of international importance. They often cooperate closely in multilateral forums. In many international meetings the Netherlands delegation is seated immediately alongside New Zealand.[1]

De Molen in Foxton, New Zealand

There is also a strong academic and research cooperation between Wageningen University in the Netherlands and Massey University in New Zealand. Cultural connections between the two countries were enhanced in 2010, with “Te Hono ki Aotearoa”, a waka taua, being provided on permanent loan to the Dutch National Museum of Ethnology in Leiden. Moreover, 256 New Zealand airmen killed in World War II lie buried in the Netherlands, in 85 different cemeteries.[2] In 2003, a full size replica of a Dutch windmill, called De Molen was completed and opened in Foxton, New Zealand.[3]

History

[edit]
An early map of Australasia during the Golden Age of Dutch exploration and discovery (c. 1590s–1720s). Based on a chart by Joan Blaeu, c. 1644

Historically there has been a strong link between New Zealand and the Netherlands. In December 1642, Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight New Zealand. He arrived in his ships Heemskerck and Zeehaen and anchored at the northern end of the South Island in Golden Bay (he named it Murderers' Bay). Tasman named it Staten Land "in honour of the States General" (Dutch parliament). He wrote, "it is possible that this land joins to the Staten Land but it is uncertain",[4] referring to a landmass of the same name at the southern tip of South America, discovered by Jacob Le Maire in 1616.[5][6] He also named Cape Maria van Diemen and the Three Kings Islands. Mount Tasman, Abel Tasman National Park, the Tasman Glacier and the Tasman Region are named after him. In a hostile encounter, four crew members were killed and at least one Māori was hit by canister shot.[7] Tasman sketched sections of the two main islands' west coasts and left and there was no further contact between the Netherlands and New Zealand for more than a hundred years. In 1645, Dutch cartographers renamed the land Nova Zeelandia after the Dutch province of Zeeland.[8][9] British explorer James Cook subsequently anglicised the name to New Zealand.[10] Once New Zealand was established as a state in 1840 relations have been good.

The relationship was enhanced significantly with migration of large numbers of Dutch people to New Zealand after World War II. Before World War II there were only 128 Dutch-born people in New Zealand, including Gerrit van Asch (grandfather of Henry Piet Drury van Asch) who established the Van Asch College, and Petrus van der Velden. New Zealand's eighth premier Julius Vogel was son of a Dutchman.[11] As a result of negotiations between the Dutch and New Zealand Governments a migration agreement was signed in October 1950. This resulted in thousands of Dutch immigrants coming to New Zealand in subsequent years. Peaking between 1951 and 1954, with 10,583 immigrants.[3][12] By 1968, they formed the biggest group of non-British immigrant groups.[2]

New Zealand has maintained a resident ambassador in the Netherlands since 1967, and a resident Head of Mission since 1950.

Diaspora

[edit]

The 2013 census shows that 28,503 people identified their ethnic group as Dutch.[13] The Netherlands Embassy in Wellington estimated that there were approximately 45,000 Dutch citizens residing in New Zealand. This number includes persons with dual New Zealand and Dutch nationality. Today more than 150,000 New Zealanders claim Dutch heritage. There is also a sizable expatriate New Zealand community in the Netherlands.[2]

Trade

[edit]

The Netherlands is an important export destination for New Zealand's goods and a significant source of investment. For the year 2017, the Netherlands was its fourth-largest trading partner within the European Union. Fonterra and Mainfreight have both chosen to locate their European Headquarters in the Netherlands.[2]

In 2017, New Zealand exported $874 million (403 237 goods[14]) to the Netherlands and imported $571 million (510 282 goods[15]).Top export products are sheep meat, dairy products and unwrought aluminium. Top import products are machinery, tobacco and food preparations.[2]

State visits

[edit]

Netherlands to New Zealand

[edit]

Royal visits

[edit]
Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands unveiled sculptures of the 'Heemskerck' and 'Zeehaen' in Wellington's Frank Kitts Park in 1992

New Zealand to the Netherlands

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "The Netherlands/New Zealand Relations – History Bilateral Linkages". Embassy of the Netherlands in Wellington. Archived from the original on 25 May 2010. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Our relationship with the Netherland
  3. ^ a b Nederlanders in Nieuw-Zeeland (in Dutch)
  4. ^ Tasman, Abel. "JOURNAL or DESCRIPTION By me Abel Jansz Tasman, Of a Voyage from Batavia for making Discoveries of the Unknown South Land in the year 1642". Project Gutenberg Australia. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
  5. ^ Wilson, John (March 2009). "European discovery of New Zealand – Tasman's achievement". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
  6. ^ John Bathgate. "The Pamphlet Collection of Sir Robert Stout:Volume 44. Chapter 1, Discovery and Settlement". NZETC. Retrieved 28 March 2019. He named the country Staaten Land, in honour of the States-General of Holland, in the belief that it was part of the great southern continent.
  7. ^ Salmond, Anne. Two Worlds: First Meetings Between Maori and Europeans 1642–1772. Auckland: Penguin Books. p. 82. ISBN 0-670-83298-7.
  8. ^ Wilson, John (September 2007). "Tasman's achievement". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
  9. ^ Mackay, Duncan (1986). "The Search For The Southern Land". In Fraser, B (ed.). The New Zealand Book Of Events. Auckland: Reed Methuen. pp. 52–54.
  10. ^ McKinnon, Malcolm (November 2009). "Place names – Naming the country and the main islands". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
  11. ^ a b The invisible immigrants
  12. ^ "Dutch Migration after 1945". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. 4 March 2009. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
  13. ^ "Ethnic group (detailed single and combination) by age group and sex, for the census usually resident population count, 2013 (RC, TA)". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
  14. ^ Internationale handel; in- en uitvoer naar SITC (1 digit) en land 2008-2017 (in Dutch)
  15. ^ Internationale handel; in- en uitvoer naar SITC (1 digit) en land 2008-2017 (in Dutch)
  16. ^ a b c Visits By Foreign Leaders of New Zealand
  17. ^ a b Dutch royals to visit New Zealand
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