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{{Infobox embryology
{{More citations needed|article|date=November 2020}}{{Infobox embryology
| Name = Vitelline veins
| Name = Vitelline veins
| Latin = Vena vitellina
| Latin = vena vitellina
| Image = Gray475.png
| Image = Gray475.png
| Caption = The [[liver]] and the [[veins]] in connection with it, of a human [[embryo]], twenty-four or twenty-five days old, as seen from the ventral surface. (Vitelline veins visible at center bottom.)
| Caption = The [[liver]] and the [[veins]] in connection with it, of a human [[embryo]], twenty-four or twenty-five days old, as seen from the ventral surface. (Vitelline veins visible at center bottom.)
Line 10: Line 10:
| GivesRiseTo =
| GivesRiseTo =
}}
}}
The '''vitelline veins''' are veins that drain blood from the [[yolk sac]]<ref name=":0">{{Citation|last=Carlson|first=Bruce M.|title=Development of the Vascular System|date=2014-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128012383054593|work=Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences|publisher=Elsevier|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.05459-3|isbn=978-0-12-801238-3|access-date=2020-11-14}}</ref> and the [[Gastrointestinal tract|gut tube]]<ref name=":1">{{Citation|last1=Snarr|first1=Brian S.|title=50 - Cardiovascular Development|date=2017-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323352147000500|work=Fetal and Neonatal Physiology (Fifth Edition)|pages=515–522.e2|editor-last=Polin|editor-first=Richard A.|publisher=Elsevier|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-323-35214-7.00050-0|isbn=978-0-323-35214-7|access-date=2020-11-14|last2=McQuinn|first2=Tim C.|last3=Wessels|first3=Andy|editor2-last=Abman|editor2-first=Steven H.|editor3-last=Rowitch|editor3-first=David H.|editor4-last=Benitz|editor4-first=William E.}}</ref> during [[gestation]].
The '''vitelline veins''' are veins that drain blood from the [[yolk sac]].


==Path==
==Path==
They run upward at first in front, and subsequently on either side of the [[intestinal canal]].
They run upward at first in front, and subsequently on either side of the [[intestinal canal]]. They unite on the [[ventral]] aspect of the canal.


They unite on the [[ventral]] aspect of the canal, and beyond this are connected to one another by two anastomotic branches, one on the dorsal, and the other on the ventral aspect of the [[duodenal]] portion of the [[intestine]], which is thus encircled by two [[venous rings]]; into the middle or dorsal anastomosis the [[superior mesenteric vein]] opens.
Beyond this, they are connected to one another by two [[Anastomosis|anastomotic branches]], one on the dorsal, and the other on the ventral aspect of the [[duodenal]] portion of the [[intestine]]. This is encircled by two [[venous rings]]; into the middle or dorsal anastomosis the [[superior mesenteric vein]] opens.


The portions of the veins above the upper ring become interrupted by the developing [[liver]] and broken up by it into a plexus of small capillary-like vessels termed [[sinusoids]].
The portions of the veins above the upper ring become interrupted by the developing [[liver]] and broken up by it into a plexus of small capillary-like vessels termed [[sinusoids]].


==Derivatives==
==Derivatives==
[[File:Embryological development of the human venous system.png|thumb|left|upright=1.6|Illustration of early development of veins and portal venous system.<ref name="mdpi"/> VV Vitelline veins, UV [[Umbilical vein]]s, CV Cardinal veins, SV [[Sinus venosus]]]]


⚫
The vitelline veins give rise to:<ref name="LHC">{{cite web | url = http://mc.lifehugger.com/moc/1232/Vitelline_veins_Derivatives | title = Vitelline veins: Derivatives | publisher = LifeHugger | access-date = 2009-12-11 | archive-date = 2012-03-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120305010656/http://www.lifehugger.com/moc/1232/Vitelline_veins_Derivatives | url-status = dead }}</ref>
The vitelline veins give rise to
* [[Hepatic veins]]
* [[Hepatic veins]]
* Inferior portion of [[Inferior vena cava]]
* Inferior portion of [[Inferior vena cava]]
* [[Portal vein]]
* [[Portal vein]]
* [[Superior mesenteric vein]]
* [[Superior mesenteric vein]]
Inferior mesenteric vein,
* [[Inferior mesenteric vein]]
⚫
Ciliac trunk<ref name="LHC">{{cite web | url = http://mc.lifehugger.com/moc/1232/Vitelline_veins_Derivatives | title = Vitelline veins: Derivatives | publisher = LifeHugger | accessdate = 2009-12-11}}</ref>


The branches conveying the blood to the plexus are named the [[venae advehentes]], and become the branches of the [[portal vein]]. The vessels draining the plexus into the sinus venosus are termed the [[venae revehentes]], and form the future [[hepatic veins]]. Ultimately the left vena revehens no longer communicates directly with the sinus venosus, but opens into the right vena revehens. The persistent part of the upper venous ring, above the opening of the superior mesenteric vein, forms the trunk of the [[portal vein]].
The branches conveying the blood to the plexus are named the '''venae advehentes''', and become the branches of the [[portal vein]]. The vessels draining the plexus into the sinus venosus are termed the '''venae revehentes''', and form the future [[hepatic veins]].<ref name="mdpi">{{cite journal |last1=Nagy |first1=Rodica Daniela |last2=Ruican |first2=Dan |last3=Zorilă |first3=George-Lucian |last4=Istrate-Ofiţeru |first4=Anca-Maria |last5=Badiu |first5=Anne Marie |last6=Iliescu |first6=Dominic Gabriel |title=Feasibility of Fetal Portal Venous System Ultrasound Assessment at the FT Anomaly Scan |journal=Diagnostics |pages=361 |language=en |doi=10.3390/diagnostics12020361 |date=February 2022 |volume=12 |issue=2 |pmid=35204452 |pmc=8871164 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Ultimately the left vena revehens no longer communicates directly with the sinus venosus, but opens into the right vena revehens. The persistent part of the upper venous ring, above the opening of the superior mesenteric vein, forms the trunk of the [[portal vein]].

== Function ==
The vitelline veins drain the [[yolk sac]] during early [[Human embryonic development|embryonic development]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Citation|last1=Maynard|first1=Robert Lewis|title=Chapter 14 - Liver|date=2019-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128118375000149|work=Anatomy and Histology of the Laboratory Rat in Toxicology and Biomedical Research|pages=159–168|editor-last=Maynard|editor-first=Robert Lewis|publisher=Academic Press|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-811837-5.00014-9|isbn=978-0-12-811837-5|access-date=2020-11-14|last2=Downes|first2=Noel|editor2-last=Downes|editor2-first=Noel}}</ref> They also drain the [[Gastrointestinal tract|gut tube]] in [[Embryo|embryos]] once this has formed from the yolk sac.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Citation|last1=Mitchell|first1=Barry|title=Chapter 6 - The cardiovascular system|date=2009-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780702032257500099|work=Embryology (Second Edition)|pages=31–40|editor-last=Mitchell|editor-first=Barry|publisher=Churchill Livingstone|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-7020-3225-7.50009-9|isbn=978-0-7020-3225-7|access-date=2020-11-14|last2=Sharma|first2=Ram|editor2-last=Sharma|editor2-first=Ram}}</ref>


==Additional images==
==Additional images==

Latest revision as of 11:35, 15 February 2024

Vitelline veins
The liver and the veins in connection with it, of a human embryo, twenty-four or twenty-five days old, as seen from the ventral surface. (Vitelline veins visible at center bottom.)
Details
Carnegie stage9
Days28
Identifiers
Latinvena vitellina
FMA70305
Anatomical terminology

The vitelline veins are veins that drain blood from the yolk sac[1] and the gut tube[2] during gestation.

Path

[edit]

They run upward at first in front, and subsequently on either side of the intestinal canal. They unite on the ventral aspect of the canal.

Beyond this, they are connected to one another by two anastomotic branches, one on the dorsal, and the other on the ventral aspect of the duodenal portion of the intestine. This is encircled by two venous rings; into the middle or dorsal anastomosis the superior mesenteric vein opens.

The portions of the veins above the upper ring become interrupted by the developing liver and broken up by it into a plexus of small capillary-like vessels termed sinusoids.

Derivatives

[edit]
Illustration of early development of veins and portal venous system.[3] VV Vitelline veins, UV Umbilical veins, CV Cardinal veins, SV Sinus venosus

The vitelline veins give rise to:[4]

The branches conveying the blood to the plexus are named the venae advehentes, and become the branches of the portal vein. The vessels draining the plexus into the sinus venosus are termed the venae revehentes, and form the future hepatic veins.[3] Ultimately the left vena revehens no longer communicates directly with the sinus venosus, but opens into the right vena revehens. The persistent part of the upper venous ring, above the opening of the superior mesenteric vein, forms the trunk of the portal vein.

Function

[edit]

The vitelline veins drain the yolk sac during early embryonic development.[1][5] They also drain the gut tube in embryos once this has formed from the yolk sac.[2][6]

Additional images

[edit]
  • Chick embryo of thirty-three hours’ incubation, viewed from the dorsal aspect. X 30.
    Chick embryo of thirty-three hours’ incubation, viewed from the dorsal aspect. X 30.
  • Model of human embryo 1.3 mm. long.
    Model of human embryo 1.3 mm. long.
  • Head of chick embryo of about thirty-eight hours’ incubation, viewed from the ventral surface. X 26.
    Head of chick embryo of about thirty-eight hours’ incubation, viewed from the ventral surface. X 26.
  • Diagram to illustrate the simple tubular condition of the heart.
    Diagram to illustrate the simple tubular condition of the heart.
  • Liver with the septum transversum. Human embryo 3 mm. long.
    Liver with the septum transversum. Human embryo 3 mm. long.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Carlson, Bruce M. (2014-01-01), "Development of the Vascular System", Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences, Elsevier, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.05459-3, ISBN 978-0-12-801238-3, retrieved 2020-11-14
  2. ^ a b Snarr, Brian S.; McQuinn, Tim C.; Wessels, Andy (2017-01-01), Polin, Richard A.; Abman, Steven H.; Rowitch, David H.; Benitz, William E. (eds.), "50 - Cardiovascular Development", Fetal and Neonatal Physiology (Fifth Edition), Elsevier, pp. 515–522.e2, doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-35214-7.00050-0, ISBN 978-0-323-35214-7, retrieved 2020-11-14
  3. ^ a b Nagy, Rodica Daniela; Ruican, Dan; Zorilă, George-Lucian; Istrate-Ofiţeru, Anca-Maria; Badiu, Anne Marie; Iliescu, Dominic Gabriel (February 2022). "Feasibility of Fetal Portal Venous System Ultrasound Assessment at the FT Anomaly Scan". Diagnostics. 12 (2): 361. doi:10.3390/diagnostics12020361. PMC 8871164. PMID 35204452.
  4. ^ "Vitelline veins: Derivatives". LifeHugger. Archived from the original on 2012-03-05. Retrieved 2009-12-11.
  5. ^ Maynard, Robert Lewis; Downes, Noel (2019-01-01), Maynard, Robert Lewis; Downes, Noel (eds.), "Chapter 14 - Liver", Anatomy and Histology of the Laboratory Rat in Toxicology and Biomedical Research, Academic Press, pp. 159–168, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811837-5.00014-9, ISBN 978-0-12-811837-5, retrieved 2020-11-14
  6. ^ Mitchell, Barry; Sharma, Ram (2009-01-01), Mitchell, Barry; Sharma, Ram (eds.), "Chapter 6 - The cardiovascular system", Embryology (Second Edition), Churchill Livingstone, pp. 31–40, doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-3225-7.50009-9, ISBN 978-0-7020-3225-7, retrieved 2020-11-14
[edit]
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