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[[File:Basilica-conceicao-da-praia-interior.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Basilica of the Immaculate Conception, Salvador]], [[Brazil]].]]
[[File:Basilica-conceicao-da-praia-interior.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Basilica of the Immaculate Conception, Salvador]], [[Brazil]].]]


'''Lioz''' ({{Lang-pt|Lioz}}) is a type of [[limestone]], originating in [[Portugal]], from the [[Estremadura Province (historical)|Estremadura]] region surrounding [[Lisbon]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Silva, Z.C.G|title=Lioz—a Royal Stone in Portugal and a Monumental Stone in Colonial Brazil|journal=Geoheritage|volume=|pages=1–11|issn=1867-2485|doi=10.1007/s12371-017-0267-7|year=2017}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Limestone in the Built Environment: Present-day Challenges for the Preservation of the Past|last=Bernard J. Smith|publisher=Geological Society of London|year=2010|isbn=9781862392946|location=|pages=80}}</ref> It is famed for its use as an [[Dimension stone|ornamental stone]], resulting in its proliferation in [[palace]]s, [[cathedral]]s, and important civic buildings throughout Portugal and the former [[Portuguese Empire]].
'''Lioz''' ({{Langx|pt|pedra lioz}}), also known as '''Royal Stone''' (''pedra real''), is a type of [[limestone]], originating in [[Portugal]], from the [[Lisbon region]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Silva, Z.C.G|title=Lioz—a Royal Stone in Portugal and a Monumental Stone in Colonial Brazil|journal=Geoheritage|pages=1–11|issn=1867-2485|doi=10.1007/s12371-017-0267-7|year=2017|volume=11 |s2cid=133745069 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Limestone in the Built Environment: Present-day Challenges for the Preservation of the Past|last=Bernard J. Smith|publisher=Geological Society of London|year=2010|isbn=9781862392946|pages=80}}</ref> It is famed for its use as an [[Dimension stone|ornamental stone]], resulting in its proliferation in [[palace]]s, [[cathedral]]s, and important civic buildings throughout Portugal and the former [[Portuguese Empire]]. Owing to its historical relevance, lioz was designated a [[Global Heritage Stone Resource]].


== Characteristics ==
== Characteristics ==
Lioz stone contains [[rudists]] fossils dating 120 million years back. Its color is generally ivory but varies from light grey to whitish and rosy. This type of limestone is used as a decorative construction material because of its fossiliferous composition.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.marmores-luisgomes.pt/m/pedras-naturais/lioz/lioz|title=Lioz|last=|first=|date=|website=www.marmores-luisgomes.pt|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-04}}</ref>
Lioz stone contains [[rudist]] fossils dating back 120 million years. Its color is generally ivory but varies from light grey to whitish and rosy. This type of limestone is used as a decorative construction material because of its fossiliferous composition.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.marmores-luisgomes.pt/m/pedras-naturais/lioz/lioz|title=Lioz|website=www.marmores-luisgomes.pt|access-date=2019-01-04}}</ref>


During the XVII-XVIII centuries lioz was widely used in churches, monuments and official buildings in [[Portugal]], as well as some Portuguese colonies ([[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]], [[Bahia]], [[Brazil]]),<ref name=":1" /> therefore, it was also called “Royal stone”.<ref name=":0" /> Lioz stone has been designated by the [[International Union of Geological Sciences]] as a [[Global Heritage Stone Resource]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Designation of GHSR |url=http://globalheritagestone.com/other-projects/ghsr/designations/ |website=IUGS Subcommission: Heritage Stones |accessdate=24 February 2019}}</ref>
During the XVII–XVIII centuries lioz was widely used in churches, monuments and official buildings in [[Portugal]], as well as some Portuguese colonies ([[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]], [[Bahia]], [[Brazil]]),<ref name=":1" /> therefore, it was also called “royal stone”.<ref name=":0" /> Lioz stone has been designated by the [[International Union of Geological Sciences]] as a [[Global Heritage Stone Resource]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Designation of GHSR |url=http://globalheritagestone.com/other-projects/ghsr/designations/ |website=IUGS Subcommission: Heritage Stones |access-date=24 February 2019}}</ref>


== Notable buildings ==
== Notable buildings ==
Monuments made of lioz include:<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
Monuments made of lioz include:<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />


Portugal:
* [[Belém Tower]], [[Cultural Centre of Belém|Cultural Center of Belém]], [[Jerónimos Monastery|Jeronimos Monastery]], staircase of [[Praça do Comércio]], [[Rossio railway station]], Pavilion of Knowledge, Mafra Convent in [[Lisbon District]];
* [[Jerónimos Monastery|Jeronimos Monastery]]
* Ponte de Santa Clara in [[Coimbra]];
* [[Belém Tower]]
⚫
* [[Cathedral of Salvador]], [[Basilica of the Immaculate Conception, Salvador|Basilica of the Immaculate Conception]] in [[Salvador, Bahia]], [[Brazil]].
* [[Belém Cultural Centre]]
* [[Rossio railway station|Rossio Station]]
* [[Mafra Palace]]

Brazil:
*[[Cathedral of Salvador]]
⚫
*[[Basilica of the Immaculate Conception, Salvador|Basilica of the Immaculate Conception]]


== See also ==
== See also ==
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<references />
<references />
[[Category:Limestone]]
[[Category:Limestone]]
[[Category:Architecture of Portugal]]
[[Category:Architecture in Portugal]]
[[Category:Geology of Portugal]]
[[Category: building materials]]

Latest revision as of 02:45, 2 November 2024

Jerónimos Monastery, in Lisbon.
Belém Tower, in Lisbon.
Basilica of the Immaculate Conception, Salvador, Brazil.

Lioz (Portuguese: pedra lioz), also known as Royal Stone (pedra real), is a type of limestone, originating in Portugal, from the Lisbon region.[1][2] It is famed for its use as an ornamental stone, resulting in its proliferation in palaces, cathedrals, and important civic buildings throughout Portugal and the former Portuguese Empire. Owing to its historical relevance, lioz was designated a Global Heritage Stone Resource.

Characteristics

[edit]

Lioz stone contains rudist fossils dating back 120 million years. Its color is generally ivory but varies from light grey to whitish and rosy. This type of limestone is used as a decorative construction material because of its fossiliferous composition.[1][3]

During the XVII–XVIII centuries lioz was widely used in churches, monuments and official buildings in Portugal, as well as some Portuguese colonies (Salvador, Bahia, Brazil),[2] therefore, it was also called “royal stone”.[1] Lioz stone has been designated by the International Union of Geological Sciences as a Global Heritage Stone Resource.[4]

Notable buildings

[edit]

Monuments made of lioz include:[1][2]

Portugal:

Brazil:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Silva, Z.C.G (2017). "Lioz—a Royal Stone in Portugal and a Monumental Stone in Colonial Brazil". Geoheritage. 11: 1–11. doi:10.1007/s12371-017-0267-7. ISSN 1867-2485. S2CID 133745069.
  2. ^ a b c Bernard J. Smith (2010). Limestone in the Built Environment: Present-day Challenges for the Preservation of the Past. Geological Society of London. p. 80. ISBN 9781862392946.
  3. ^ "Lioz". www.marmores-luisgomes.pt. Retrieved 2019-01-04.
  4. ^ "Designation of GHSR". IUGS Subcommission: Heritage Stones. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
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