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{{Use American English|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox Military Unit
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}{{no footnotes|date=December 2012}}
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name=366th Infantry Regiment
|unit_name=366th Infantry Regiment
|image=
|image=[[Image:366_cres.gif|190px|]]
|caption=
|caption=[[Coat of arms]]
|dates= November 1917–25 March 1919 <br> 10 February 1941&ndash;28 March 1945
|dates= 1917 - 1945
|country= United States of America
|country= {{USA}}
|allegiance=
|allegiance=
|branch= Army
|branch= [[United States Army]]
|type= Infantry
|type= Infantry
|role=
|role=
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|garrison=[[Fort Devens, Massachusetts]]
|garrison=[[Fort Devens, Massachusetts]]
|ceremonial_chief=
|ceremonial_chief=
|commanders=
|colonel_of_the_regiment=Edmund R. Andrews,<br>Howard D. Queen,<br>Alonzo Ferguson
|nickname=
|nickname=
|patron=
|patron=
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|anniversaries=
|anniversaries=
|decorations=
|decorations=
|battle_honours=[[Meuse-Argonne Offensive]],<br>[[U.S. theaters of operations in World War II#Mediterranean Theater of Operations|Rome-Arno Campaign]]
|battle_honours=[[Meuse-Argonne Offensive]],<br>[[Italian Campaign (World War II)|Rome-Arno Campaign]]
}}
}}
{{command structure

|name= 92nd Infantry Division
The '''366th [[Infantry]] [[Regiment]]''' was an all [[African American]] ([[Racial segregation|segregated]]) unit of the [[United States Army]] that served with distinction in both [[World War I]] and [[World War II]]. The unit was unique because it was one of the few [[Negro]] units with all its own officers and personnel; the U.S. military did not desegregate until after World War II, and in most of the segregated units, all of the officers were [[White American|white]]. During World War II, the unit saw combat in [[Italy]] as part of the [[U.S. 92nd Infantry Division|92nd Infantry Division (colored)]], [[U.S. Fifth Army|5th Army]].
|date= 1942 - 1945
|parent= [[92nd Infantry Division (United States)|92nd Infantry Division]]
|subordinate=
* [[365th Infantry Regiment (United States)|365th Infantry Regiment]]
* 366th Infantry Regiment (November 1944 - February 1945)
* [[370th Infantry Regiment (United States)|370th Infantry Regiment]]
* [[371st Infantry Regiment (United States)|371st Infantry Regiment]]
* [[442nd Infantry Regiment (United States)|442nd Infantry Regiment (Nisei)]] (April 1945 – )
* [[473rd Infantry Regiment (United States)|473rd Infantry Regiment]] (February 1945 - May 1945)
* [[597th Field Artillery Battalion]] (105mm)
* [[598th Field Artillery Battalion]] (105mm)
* [[599th Field Artillery Battalion]] (105mm)
* [[600th Field Artillery Battalion]] (155mm)
* [[758th Tank Battalion (United States)|758th Tank Battalion (Colored)]]
* [[679th Tank Destroyer Battalion (United States)|679th Tank Destroyer Battalion (Colored)]]
}}
{{Military unit sidebar
| title = U.S. Infantry Regiments
| previous = [[359th Infantry Regiment (United States)|359th Infantry Regiment]]
| next =[[368th Infantry Regiment (United States)|368th Infantry Regiment]]
}}
The '''366th [[Infantry]] [[Regiment]]''' was an all [[Colored]] ([[Racial segregation in the United States|segregated]]) unit of the [[United States Army]] that served in both [[World War I]] and [[World War II]].<ref>http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/EAD/htmldocs/RMM08501.html</ref> In the latter war, the unit was exceptional for having all black officers as well as troops. The U.S. military did not desegregate until after World War II.<ref>https://www.history.com/news/harry-truman-executive-order-9981-desegration-military-1948</ref> During the war, for most of the segregated units, all field grade ([[Major (rank)|majors]] and above) and most of the company grade officers ([[second lieutenant]]s, [[first lieutenant]]s, and [[Captain (rank)|captains]]) were [[White American|white]].


__TOC__
__TOC__


==World War I==
==World War I==
[[File:Four 366th Infantry officers.gif|thumb|right|200px|Officers of the United States Army's segregated 366th Infantry Regiment on board the {{RMS|Aquitania}}, en route home from World War I service. Left to right: Lieutenant [[Cleveland L. Abbott]], Yankton, South Dakota; Captain Joseph L. Lowe, Pacific Grove, California; Lieutenant [[Aaron R. Fisher]], Lyles, Indiana, recipient of Distinguished Service Cross; Captain E. White, Pine Bluff, Arkansas]]
The 366th Infantry was constituted 16 August 1917 in the National Army as the 366th Infantry, assigned to the 92nd Division, and organized at [[Camp Dodge]], Iowa, in November 1917.


In World War I the regiment served overseas as a part of the 92nd Division, [[History_of_the_United_States_Army#World_War_I|National Army]] and earned credit for battle participation as follows:
The 366th Infantry was constituted 16 August 1917 in the National Army as the 366th Infantry and assigned to the 92nd Division and organized at Camp Dodge, Iowa, in November 1917.


* St. Die Sector (Lorraine), 23 August 1918 – 20 September 1918
In WW I the regiment served overseas as a part of the 92nd Divison, National Army and earned credit for battle participation as follows:
* Meuse-Argonne Sector, 26 September 1918 – 5 October 1918
* Marbach Sector (Lorraine) 8 October 1918 – November 1918


The 366th Infantry was demobilized 25 March 1919 at [[Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia]], and reconstituted 16 December 1940 in the [[Regular_Army_(United_States)|Regular Army]].
*St. Die Sector (Lorraine), August 23-September 20, 1918

*Meuse-Argonne Sector, September 26-October 5, 1918

*Marbach Sector (Lorraine) October 8-November 1918

The 366th Infantry was demobilized 25 March 1919 at [[Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia]], and reconstitued 16 December 1940 in the Regular Army.


==World War II==
==World War II==


It unit was activated 10 February 1941 at [[Fort Devens, Massachusetts]] and assigned to the Eastern Defense Command on 30 April 1942.
It was activated 15 October 1942 at [[Fort Devens, Massachusetts]] and assigned to the [[Eastern Defense Command]] on 30 April 1942.<ref>https://www.army.mil/article/243460/remembering_the_service_of_the_fifth_armys_92nd_infantry_division</ref>


*Attached to the 1st Service Command on 1 May 1943 and to the XIII Corps oon 1 September 1943.
* Attached to the 1st Service Command on 1 May 1943 and to the XIII Corps on 1 September 1943.
* Moved to [[Fort A.P. Hill|A. P. Hill Military Reservation, Virginia]] 14 October 1943 and to [[Camp Atterbury, Indiana]], 23 November 1943, under [[XX Corps (United States)|XX Corps]].
* Assigned to XXII Corps 21 January 1944, and staged at Camp Patrick Henry, Virginia 22 March 1944, until it departed Hampton Roads P/E (Port of Embarkation) 28 March 1944.
* Arrived [[North Africa]] 6 April 1944 and attached to [[Fifteenth Air Force|15th Air Force Service Command]] for airfield security duties from [[Sardinia]] to the [[Adriatic coast]].
* Assigned to Fifth Army 4 November 1944 and arrived Livorno, Italy 21 November 1944, for attachment to the 92nd Infantry Division until 25 February 1945.
* Disbanded in Italy on 28 March 1945, and personnel transferred into the 224th and 226th Engineer General Service Regiments.


===Combat chronicle===
*Moved to [[Fort A.P. Hill|A. P. Hill Military Reservation, Virginia]] 14 October 1943 and to [[Camp Atterbury, Indiana]] 23 November 1943 under XX Corps.


Colonel [[Howard Queen|Howard D. Queen]] was the commanding officer (CO) at the time of embarkation in March 1944. Although the 366th Infantry had been at "combat readiness", after a prolonged period which was devoted only to guard duty, Queen felt that they needed at least three months for preparation to be "combat ready". Queen wrote a significant request for withdrawal from active command and included his guarded reservations in regard to his deeply held tenets. In spite of this upper officials decided in November 1944 to attach the 366th Infantry to the 92nd Division. {{Citation needed|date=April 2018}}
*Assigned XXII Corps 21 January 1944 and staged at Camp Patrick Henry, Virgina 22 March 1944 until it departed Hampton Roads P/E (Point of Embarcation) 28 March 1944.


After continuing poor combat performance, including many instances of unauthorized withdrawals upon meeting the enemy, low morale, and malingering, the 92nd Infantry Division was believed by both German and American commands to be fit for only defensive roles. The division was completely withdrawn from the front in early 1945, with the infantry components of the division being reorganized from the ground up. Two of the 366th Infantry's three battalions were recommended "not be used again for offensive action unless urgent military necessity required it." The 92nd Division commanders proposed that the "366th be removed from the front lines and disposed of as higher headquarters might direct," which was accepted. The 366th Infantry Regiment was disbanded on 28 March 1945, with personnel transferred to the 224th and 226th Engineer General Service regiments.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}
*Arrived [[North Africa]] 6 April 1944 and attached to [[Fifteenth Air Force|15th Air Force Service Command]] for airfield security duties from [[Sardinia]] to the [[Adriatic coast]].

*Assigned to Fifth Army 4 November 1944 and arrived Livorno, Italy 21 November 1944 for attachment to the 92nd Infantry Division until 25 February 1945.

*Disbanded in Italy on 28 March 1945 and personnel transferred into the 224th and 226th Engineer General Service Regiments.

===Combat chronicle===

Colonel Edmund R. Andrews was the first [[Commanding Officer]] (CO) when the 366th Infantry was reactivated at Fort Devens. Colonel West A. Hamilton (initially commissioned a 2nd Lieutenant in WW-I) was assigned as the [[Executive Officer]] (XO) on March 3, 1941.

Colonel Howard Donovan Queen was the CO at the time of embarcation in March 1944. Although the 366th Infantry had been at "Combat Readiness", after a prolonged period which was devoted only to guard duty, Colonel Queen felt that they needed at least three months for preparation to be "Combat Ready". Colonel Queen wrote a significant request for withdrawl from Active Command and included his guarded reservations in regard to his deeply held tenets. In spite of this it was decided in November 1944 to attach the 366th Infantry to the 92nd Infantry Division.

They saw action at the [[Battle of Monte Cassino]], and were in the vanguard of the 5th Army's liberation of [[Rome]] as one of the first units to reach the city, two days before the [[Battle of Normandy|Normandy Invasion]]. (As a gesture of thanks, they received a
[[Pope|papal blessing]] at a special ceremony in [[Saint Peter's Square]].) Colonel Alonzo Ferguson was the final CO of the 366th Infantry.


==Notable veterans==
==Notable veterans==
[[File:JohnRFox.jpg|thumb|150px|[[John R. Fox]], Medal of Honor recipient]]


*[[West A. Hamilton]], commander who later served on the D.C. School Board and advocated for a National Memorial building for African Americans in D.C.
* [[Edward Brooke|Edward William Brooke III]] - first [[African American]] to be elected by popular vote to the [[United States Senate]] when he was elected as a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] from [[Massachusetts]] in 1966.
*[[Edward Brooke|Edward W. Brooke III]]: [[List of African American firsts|First African American]] after [[Reconstruction era of the United States|Reconstruction]] elected to the [[United States Senate]]. (World War II veteran)

*[[Frederic E. Davison]]: first African American US Army [[Major general (United States)|Major General]] and division commander (World War II veteran)
*Alston Burleigh - Choirmaster, St. Luke's Episcopal Church[http://stlukesdc.edow.org/History.htm], Washington, DC; son of [[Harry Burleigh|Harry Thacker Burleigh]] (famed composer, soloist, St. George's Episcopal Church[http://www.nyc-architecture.com/GRP/GRP012.htm], New York, NY.)
*[[William L. Dawson (politician)|William L. Dawson]]: First African American to chair a committee of the United States Congress (1949) (World War I veteran)

*[[Aaron R. Fisher]]: [[Distinguished Service Cross (United States)|Distinguished Service Cross]] recipient, World War I
* Frederic Ellis Davison - first black combat [[Brigade]] commander (retired with rank of [[Major_General#United_States|Major General]])
*[[John R. Fox]]: [[Medal of Honor]] ([[Posthumous recognition|posthumous]]) recipient, [[World War II]]

*[[James F. Hamlet]]: second African American US Army Major General (World War II veteran)
* Charles Fisher - Regimental Chaplain.
*[[Charles A. Pratt]] First African American Judge of Kalamazoo County Michigan [[World War II]]

[[Image:JohnRFox.jpg|thumb|150px|[[John R. Fox]], Medal of Honor recipient]]
* [[John R. Fox|John Robert Fox]] - [[posthumous]]ly awarded the [[Medal of Honor]] in January, 1997 for his heroic self-sacrifice on December 26, 1944 in [[Italy]].

* John Letts - {{fact}}

* Lorenzo Raymond Sylvanus Nelson - Regimental Surgeon.

* Charles A. Pratt - {{fact}}


==General==
==General==


The 366th Infantry Regiment was awarded two [[campaign streamer]]s for the [[Colours%2C_standards_and_guidons#United_States|Colours]]; the first for [[Meuse-Argonne Offensive|Meuse-Argonne Lorraine]] (September, 1918 to November, 1918), and the second for [[U.S. theaters of operations in World War II#Mediterranean Theater of Operations|Rome-Arno]] (January, 1944 to September, 1944).
The 366th Infantry Regiment was awarded two [[campaign streamer]]s for the [[Regimental Colors, standards and guidons#United States|Colors]]; the first for [[Meuse-Argonne Offensive|Meuse-Argonne Lorraine]] (September 1918 to November 1918), and the second for [[U.S. theaters of operations in World War II#Mediterranean Theater of Operations|Rome-Arno]] (January 1944 to September 1944).


The [[:Image:366 cres.gif|Regimental Shield]] incorporated the [[Cross of Lorraine]]. The Regimental Motto was, "''Labor Conquers All Things.''" In one of history's [[irony|ironies]], the slogan, "[[Arbeit macht frei]]" (a German phrase meaning "work brings freedom") was placed at the entrances to a number of [[Nazi concentration camps]].
The [[:Image:366 cres.gif|Regimental Shield]] incorporated the [[Cross of Lorraine]]. The [[Military Unit Mottos: United States|Regimental Motto]] was, "''Labor Conquers All Things.''"


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Military history of African Americans]]

* [[Buffalo Soldier]]
* [[Winter Line]]
* [[United States Colored Troops]]
* [[United States Colored Troops]]
* [[Operation Wintergewitter (Winter Storm) - Italian Front]]


==References==
==References==
* {{cite book | title = Bridging The Divide | author = Edward Brooke | year = 2006 | publisher = Rutgers University Press | id = ISBN 0-8135-3905-6}}
* {{cite book | title = Bridging The Divide: My Life | author = Edward Brooke | year = 2006 | publisher = Rutgers University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/bridgingdividemy00broo | isbn = 0-8135-3905-6 | access-date = 21 November 2006 | df = dmy-all }}
* {{cite book | title = The Exclusion of Black Soldiers from the Medal of Honor in World War II | author = Elliott V. Converse III | year = 1997 | publisher = McFarland & Company | id = ISBN 0-7864-0277-6}}
* {{cite book | title = The Exclusion of Black Soldiers from the Medal of Honor in World War II | author = Elliott V. Converse III | year = 1997 | publisher = McFarland & Company | isbn = 0-7864-0277-6 | url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780786402779 }}
* {{cite book | title = Buffalo Soldiers in Italy: Black Americans in World War II | author = Hondon B. Hargrove | year = 1985 | publisher = McFarland & Company | id = ISBN 0-89950-116-8}}
* {{cite book | title = Knocking Down Barriers: My Fight for Black America | author = Truman K. Gibson Jr. | year = 2005 | publisher = Northwestern University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/knockingdownbarr00gibs | isbn = 0-8101-2292-8 | df = dmy-all }}
* {{cite book | title = The Employment of Negro Troops |chapter= XIX - Mountain and Plain |chapterurl= http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/wwii/11-4/chapter19.htm | author = Ulysses Lee | year = 1966 | publisher = Center of Military History, United States Army | id = LCC 66-60003}}
* {{cite book | title = Buffalo Soldiers in Italy: Black Americans in World War II | author = Hondon B. Hargrove | year = 1985 | publisher = McFarland & Company | isbn = 0-89950-116-8}}
* {{cite book | title = The Employment of Negro Troops | chapter = XIX - Mountain and Plain | chapter-url = http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/11-4/chapter19.htm | url = http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/11-4/index.htm#contents | author = Ulysses Lee | orig-year = 1966 | year = 2000 | publisher = [[United States Army Center of Military History]] | id = CMH Pub 11-4 |lccn= 66-60003 | access-date = 6 July 2010 | archive-date = 27 July 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210727234938/https://history.army.mil/books/wwii/11-4/index.htm#contents | url-status = dead }}
* {{cite book | title = Infantry Regiments of the U.S. Army |pages= 522 | author = James A. Sawicki | year = 1981 | publisher = Wyvern | id = ISBN 0-96024-043-8}}
* {{cite book | title = Order of Battle, U. S. Army, World War II | pages= 252 | author = Shelby L. Stanton | year = 1984 | publisher = California Presidio Press | id = ISBN 0-88365-775-9}}
* {{cite book | title = Infantry Regiments of the U.S. Army | author = James A. Sawicki | year = 1981 | publisher = Wyvern | isbn = 0-9602404-3-8 |page= 522}}
* {{cite book | title = Order of Battle, U. S. Army, World War II | author = Shelby L. Stanton | year = 1984 | publisher = California Presidio Press | isbn = 0-88365-775-9 | page= 252}}
* {{cite book | title = Company I 366th Infantry | author = Harrold E. Russell Jr. | year = 2008 | publisher = RoseDog Books | isbn = 978-0-8059-8992-2 | page= 34}}


==External links==
==External links==
*{{Official website|http://www.wiz-worx.com/366th/}}
*[https://archive.today/20100205232518/http://www.forloveofliberty.net/stories/366th-infantry-regiment/90 America's Black Patriots - 366th Infantry Regiment] US Army


{{Buffalo Soldiers}}


[[Category:Infantry regiments of the United States Army|366]]
*[http://www.366th.org/ 366th Infantry Regiment Veterans Association]
[[Category:Military units and formations in Massachusetts]]

[[Category:Black history in the United States military]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1917]]
[[Category:Regiments of the United States Army|Infantry Regiment 366]]
[[Category:African Americans in World War I]]
[[Category:African Americans in World War II]]

[[Category:20th-century African-American military personnel]]

[[Category:African-American United States Army personnel]]
{{US-Army-stub}}

Latest revision as of 14:24, 13 December 2024

366th Infantry Regiment
ActiveNovember 1917–25 March 1919
10 February 1941–28 March 1945
Country United States
BranchUnited States Army
TypeInfantry
SizeRegiment
Garrison/HQFort Devens, Massachusetts
Motto(s)"Labor Conquers All Things."
EngagementsWorld War I,
World War II
Battle honoursMeuse-Argonne Offensive,
Rome-Arno Campaign
U.S. Infantry Regiments
Previous Next
359th Infantry Regiment 368th Infantry Regiment

The 366th Infantry Regiment was an all Colored (segregated) unit of the United States Army that served in both World War I and World War II.[1] In the latter war, the unit was exceptional for having all black officers as well as troops. The U.S. military did not desegregate until after World War II.[2] During the war, for most of the segregated units, all field grade (majors and above) and most of the company grade officers (second lieutenants, first lieutenants, and captains) were white.

World War I

[edit]
Officers of the United States Army's segregated 366th Infantry Regiment on board the RMS Aquitania, en route home from World War I service. Left to right: Lieutenant Cleveland L. Abbott, Yankton, South Dakota; Captain Joseph L. Lowe, Pacific Grove, California; Lieutenant Aaron R. Fisher, Lyles, Indiana, recipient of Distinguished Service Cross; Captain E. White, Pine Bluff, Arkansas

The 366th Infantry was constituted 16 August 1917 in the National Army as the 366th Infantry, assigned to the 92nd Division, and organized at Camp Dodge, Iowa, in November 1917.

In World War I the regiment served overseas as a part of the 92nd Division, National Army and earned credit for battle participation as follows:

  • St. Die Sector (Lorraine), 23 August 1918 – 20 September 1918
  • Meuse-Argonne Sector, 26 September 1918 – 5 October 1918
  • Marbach Sector (Lorraine) 8 October 1918 – November 1918

The 366th Infantry was demobilized 25 March 1919 at Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia, and reconstituted 16 December 1940 in the Regular Army.

World War II

[edit]

It was activated 15 October 1942 at Fort Devens, Massachusetts and assigned to the Eastern Defense Command on 30 April 1942.[3]

  • Attached to the 1st Service Command on 1 May 1943 and to the XIII Corps on 1 September 1943.
  • Moved to A. P. Hill Military Reservation, Virginia 14 October 1943 and to Camp Atterbury, Indiana, 23 November 1943, under XX Corps.
  • Assigned to XXII Corps 21 January 1944, and staged at Camp Patrick Henry, Virginia 22 March 1944, until it departed Hampton Roads P/E (Port of Embarkation) 28 March 1944.
  • Arrived North Africa 6 April 1944 and attached to 15th Air Force Service Command for airfield security duties from Sardinia to the Adriatic coast.
  • Assigned to Fifth Army 4 November 1944 and arrived Livorno, Italy 21 November 1944, for attachment to the 92nd Infantry Division until 25 February 1945.
  • Disbanded in Italy on 28 March 1945, and personnel transferred into the 224th and 226th Engineer General Service Regiments.

Combat chronicle

[edit]

Colonel Howard D. Queen was the commanding officer (CO) at the time of embarkation in March 1944. Although the 366th Infantry had been at "combat readiness", after a prolonged period which was devoted only to guard duty, Queen felt that they needed at least three months for preparation to be "combat ready". Queen wrote a significant request for withdrawal from active command and included his guarded reservations in regard to his deeply held tenets. In spite of this upper officials decided in November 1944 to attach the 366th Infantry to the 92nd Division. [citation needed]

After continuing poor combat performance, including many instances of unauthorized withdrawals upon meeting the enemy, low morale, and malingering, the 92nd Infantry Division was believed by both German and American commands to be fit for only defensive roles. The division was completely withdrawn from the front in early 1945, with the infantry components of the division being reorganized from the ground up. Two of the 366th Infantry's three battalions were recommended "not be used again for offensive action unless urgent military necessity required it." The 92nd Division commanders proposed that the "366th be removed from the front lines and disposed of as higher headquarters might direct," which was accepted. The 366th Infantry Regiment was disbanded on 28 March 1945, with personnel transferred to the 224th and 226th Engineer General Service regiments.[citation needed]

Notable veterans

[edit]
John R. Fox, Medal of Honor recipient

General

[edit]

The 366th Infantry Regiment was awarded two campaign streamers for the Colors; the first for Meuse-Argonne Lorraine (September 1918 to November 1918), and the second for Rome-Arno (January 1944 to September 1944).

The Regimental Shield incorporated the Cross of Lorraine. The Regimental Motto was, "Labor Conquers All Things."

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Edward Brooke (2006). Bridging The Divide: My Life. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-3905-6. Retrieved 21 November 2006.
  • Elliott V. Converse III (1997). The Exclusion of Black Soldiers from the Medal of Honor in World War II. McFarland & Company. ISBN 0-7864-0277-6.
  • Truman K. Gibson Jr. (2005). Knocking Down Barriers: My Fight for Black America. Northwestern University Press. ISBN 0-8101-2292-8.
  • Hondon B. Hargrove (1985). Buffalo Soldiers in Italy: Black Americans in World War II. McFarland & Company. ISBN 0-89950-116-8.
  • Ulysses Lee (2000) [1966]. "XIX - Mountain and Plain". The Employment of Negro Troops. United States Army Center of Military History. LCCN 66-60003. CMH Pub 11-4. Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2010.
  • James A. Sawicki (1981). Infantry Regiments of the U.S. Army. Wyvern. p. 522. ISBN 0-9602404-3-8.
  • Shelby L. Stanton (1984). Order of Battle, U. S. Army, World War II. California Presidio Press. p. 252. ISBN 0-88365-775-9.
  • Harrold E. Russell Jr. (2008). Company I 366th Infantry. RoseDog Books. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-8059-8992-2.
[edit]
  1. ^ http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/EAD/htmldocs/RMM08501.html
  2. ^ https://www.history.com/news/harry-truman-executive-order-9981-desegration-military-1948
  3. ^ https://www.army.mil/article/243460/remembering_the_service_of_the_fifth_armys_92nd_infantry_division
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