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{{Short description|Type of truss bridge}}
{{BridgeTypePix|image=Guilford vermont bridge covered bridge interior.jpg|image_title=Interior structure of a [[covered bridge]] utilizing a plank-lattice structure|type_name=Lattice Truss Bridge|sibling_names=None|descendent_names=None|ancestor_names=[[Truss bridge]]|carries=[[Pedestrian]]s, [[livestock]], [[vehicles]]|span_range=short to medium|material=[[Wood|wood plank]]s and [[Beam (structure)|beams]] or [[steel|steel angle]]s and [[Beam (structure)|beams]], appropriate decking material|movable=No|design=medium|falsework=Sometimes}}
{{BridgeTypePix|image=Guilford vermont bridge covered bridge interior.jpg|image_title=Interior structure of a [[covered bridge]] utilizing a plank-lattice structure|type_name=Lattice Truss Bridge|sibling_names=None|descendent_names=None|ancestor_names=[[Truss bridge]]|carries=[[Pedestrian]]s, [[livestock]], [[vehicles]]|span_range=short to medium|material=[[Wood|wood plank]]s and [[Beam (structure)|beams]] or [[steel|steel angle]]s and [[Beam (structure)|beams]], appropriate decking material|movable=No|design=medium|falsework=Sometimes}}
⚫
A '''lattice [[bridge]]''' is a form of [[truss bridge]] that uses a large number of small and closely spaced diagonal elements that form a [[latticework|lattice]]. Bridges of this type were patented in the 19th century by architect [[Ithiel Town]], and are sometimes called '''Town lattice''' trusses.


⚫
A '''lattice truss bridge''' is a form of [[truss bridge]] that uses many small, closely spaced diagonal elements forming a [[latticework|lattice]]. The design was patented in 1820 by architect [[Ithiel Town]].
⚫
Originally a design to allow a substantial bridge to be made from planks employing lower–skilled labor, rather than heavy timbers and more expensive carpenters, this type of bridge has also been constructed using a large number of relatively light iron or steel members. The individual elements are more easily handled by the construction workers, but the bridge also requires substantial support during construction. A simple lattice truss will transform the applied loads into a thrust, as the bridge will tend to change length under load. This is resisted by pinning the lattice members to the top and bottom chords, which are more substantial than the lattice members, but which may also be fabricated from relatively small elements rather than large beams.

⚫
Originally a means of erecting a substantial bridge from mere planks employing lower–skilled labor, rather than heavy timbers and more expensive carpenters and equipment, the lattice truss has also been constructed using many relatively light iron or steel members. The individual elements are more easily handled by the construction workers, but the bridge also requires substantial support during construction. A simple lattice truss will transform the applied loads into a thrust, as the bridge will tend to change length under load. This is resisted by pinning the lattice members to the top and bottom chords, which are more substantial than the lattice members, but which may also be fabricated from relatively small elements rather than large beams.


==Belfast truss==
==Belfast truss==
[[File:De Havilland Sea Vixen REJS.jpg|thumb|Belfast truss as roof support in a WW1-era aircraft hangar in the Duxford Imperial War Museum]]
[[File:De Havilland Sea Vixen REJS.jpg|thumb|Belfast trusses as roof supports in an aircraft hangar from the [[First World War]] at the [[Duxford Imperial War Museum]]]]
The ''Belfast truss'' is a cross between the Town's lattice truss and the [[bowstring truss]]. It was developed in Ireland as a wide-span shallow rise roof truss for industrial structures. McTear & Co of [[Belfast, Ireland]] began fabricating these trusses in wood starting around 1866. By 1911, spans of 24 meters had been achieved, and in the 20th century, shipyards and airplane hangars demanded ever greater clear spans.<ref>J. R. Gilfillan, S. G. Gilbert, [http://www.irbdirekt.de/daten/iconda/CIB9282.pdf The Historic Belfast Timber Truss - A Way to Promote Sustainable Roof Construction], 2002.</ref>
The ''Belfast truss'' is a cross between Town's lattice truss and the [[bowstring truss]]. It was developed in Ireland as a wide-span shallow rise roof truss for industrial structures. McTear & Co of [[Belfast]], Ireland began fabricating these trusses in wood starting around 1866. By 1899, spans of {{convert|24|m|ft}} had been achieved, and in the 20th century, shipyards and airplane hangars demanded ever greater clear spans.<ref>J. R. Gilfillan, S. G. Gilbert, [http://www.irbdirekt.de/daten/iconda/CIB9282.pdf The Historic Belfast Timber Truss - A Way to Promote Sustainable Roof Construction], 2002.</ref>


==Wood lattice truss bridges==
==Wood lattice truss bridges==
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*[[Cornish-Windsor Covered Bridge]]
*[[Cornish-Windsor Covered Bridge]]
*[[Euharlee Covered Bridge]]
*[[Euharlee Covered Bridge]]
*[[Green River Covered Bridge]]
*[[Kingsley Covered Bridge]]
*[[Kingsley Covered Bridge]]
*[https://www.newtonfalls.org/content/covered-bridge Newton Falls Covered Bridge], [[Newton Falls, Ohio]]
*[[Poole's Mill Covered Bridge]]
*[[Poole's Mill Covered Bridge]]
*[[Root Road Covered Bridge]]
*[[Root Road Covered Bridge]]
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*[[Worrall Covered Bridge]]
*[[Worrall Covered Bridge]]
*[[Frankenfield Covered Bridge]]
*[[Frankenfield Covered Bridge]]
*[[Uhlerstown Covered Bridge, Pennsylvania]]
*[[Van Tran Flat Bridge]]
*[[Frankenmuth, Michigan#Places of Interest|Zehnder's Holz Brucke]]
*[[Frankenmuth, Michigan#Places of Interest|Zehnder's Holz Brucke]]


==Iron or steel lattice truss bridges==
==Iron or steel lattice truss bridges==
[[File:LatticeTrussIowaRiver.jpg|thumb|right|Railroad bridge across the Iowa River in Iowa City, Iowa.]]
[[File:LatticeTrussIowaRiver.jpg|thumb|right|Railroad bridge across the Iowa River in Iowa City, Iowa.]]
Howard Carroll built the first completely wrought-iron lattice truss bridge. This was built for the [[New York Central Railroad]] in 1859.<ref>J. A. L. Waddell, [https://books.google.com/books?id=nd4gAAAAMAAJ&lpg=RA1-PA23&pg=RA1-PA23 Bridge Engineering Vol. 1], Wiley, New York, 911
Howard Carroll built the first completely wrought-iron lattice truss bridge. This was built for the [[New York Central Railroad]] in 1859.<ref>J. A. L. Waddell, [https://books.google.com/books?id=nd4gAAAAMAAJ&lpg=RA1-PA23&pg=RA1-PA23 Bridge Engineering Vol. 1], Wiley, New York, 1916; page 23.</ref>
; page 23.</ref>
*[[Bennerley Viaduct]]
*[[Bennerley Viaduct]]
*[[Bridge in Brown Township]]
*[[Bridge in Brown Township]]
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==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.past-inc.org/historic-bridges/image-towntruss.html Picture and description of Town's lattice truss]
*[http://www.past-inc.org/historic-bridges/image-towntruss.html Picture and description of Town's lattice truss] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030002658/http://www.past-inc.org/historic-bridges/image-towntruss.html |date=2013-10-30 }}
*[http://gastateparks.org/WatsonMillBridge Watson Mill Bridge, Georgia, US]
*[http://gastateparks.org/WatsonMillBridge Watson Mill Bridge, Georgia, US]


Latest revision as of 04:04, 29 October 2024

Lattice Truss Bridge
Interior structure of a covered bridge utilizing a plank-lattice structure
Interior structure of a covered bridge utilizing a plank-lattice structure
AncestorTruss bridge
RelatedNone
DescendantNone
CarriesPedestrians, livestock, vehicles
Span rangeshort to medium
Materialwood planks and beams or steel angles and beams, appropriate decking material
MovableNo
Design effortmedium
Falsework requiredSometimes

A lattice truss bridge is a form of truss bridge that uses many small, closely spaced diagonal elements forming a lattice. The design was patented in 1820 by architect Ithiel Town.

Originally a means of erecting a substantial bridge from mere planks employing lower–skilled labor, rather than heavy timbers and more expensive carpenters and equipment, the lattice truss has also been constructed using many relatively light iron or steel members. The individual elements are more easily handled by the construction workers, but the bridge also requires substantial support during construction. A simple lattice truss will transform the applied loads into a thrust, as the bridge will tend to change length under load. This is resisted by pinning the lattice members to the top and bottom chords, which are more substantial than the lattice members, but which may also be fabricated from relatively small elements rather than large beams.

Belfast truss

[edit]
Belfast trusses as roof supports in an aircraft hangar from the First World War at the Duxford Imperial War Museum

The Belfast truss is a cross between Town's lattice truss and the bowstring truss. It was developed in Ireland as a wide-span shallow rise roof truss for industrial structures. McTear & Co of Belfast, Ireland began fabricating these trusses in wood starting around 1866. By 1899, spans of 24 metres (79 ft) had been achieved, and in the 20th century, shipyards and airplane hangars demanded ever greater clear spans.[1]

Wood lattice truss bridges

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Root Road Covered Bridge, Ashtabula County, Ohio

Iron or steel lattice truss bridges

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Railroad bridge across the Iowa River in Iowa City, Iowa.

Howard Carroll built the first completely wrought-iron lattice truss bridge. This was built for the New York Central Railroad in 1859.[2]

See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Town Lattice truss bridges.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ J. R. Gilfillan, S. G. Gilbert, The Historic Belfast Timber Truss - A Way to Promote Sustainable Roof Construction, 2002.
  2. ^ J. A. L. Waddell, Bridge Engineering Vol. 1, Wiley, New York, 1916; page 23.
[edit]
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